JPH0452180B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0452180B2 JPH0452180B2 JP58158730A JP15873083A JPH0452180B2 JP H0452180 B2 JPH0452180 B2 JP H0452180B2 JP 58158730 A JP58158730 A JP 58158730A JP 15873083 A JP15873083 A JP 15873083A JP H0452180 B2 JPH0452180 B2 JP H0452180B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- cemented carbide
- welding
- forging
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 Fe 3 W 3 C Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102200082816 rs34868397 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
(イ) 技術分野
本発明は冷間および温熱間鍛造工具の金型およ
びパンチの製造法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Technical Field The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing molds and punches for cold and hot forging tools.
(ロ) 従来技術とその問題点
冷間、温熱間鍛造工具は加熱された鋼片を鍛造
して部品を作るために用いられており常温あるい
は600〜1200℃に加熱した棒鋼の切断、鋼片の鍛
造に利用される。(b) Conventional technology and its problems Cold and hot forging tools are used to forge heated steel billets to make parts, and they can be used to cut steel bars heated to room temperature or 600 to 1200℃, and to make steel billets. Used for forging.
金属の鍛造には大きな力を必要とするために、
用いる金型も大きな形状となる。従来、高温まで
硬度の低下が少ないダイス鋼あるいは圧縮耐圧強
度の高い高速度鋼が主として用いられている。し
かしながらダイス鋼、高速度鋼を用いても型寿命
としては、3000〜10000回程度とされており、そ
れを越えると製品の肌荒れが起り型寿命となつて
しまう。超硬合金を鍛造に用いる効果は広く認め
られながらも、応用分野が狭い理由は金型が短寿
命のために、経費が高くなるためである。また超
硬合金を鍛造分野で利用することも各種検討され
ているが、第１には重量が重いこと、第２には、
コストが高いこと、第３には熱亀裂に基く、割損
等の問題があり、まだ実用化に至つていない。 Because forging metal requires a large amount of force,
The mold used also has a large shape. Conventionally, die steel, which exhibits little decrease in hardness even at high temperatures, or high-speed steel, which has high compressive strength, has been mainly used. However, even if die steel or high-speed steel is used, the mold life is said to be approximately 3,000 to 10,000 times, and if this is exceeded, the product will become rough and the mold life will be exhausted. Although the effectiveness of using cemented carbide for forging is widely recognized, the reason for its limited application is that the molds have a short lifespan, which increases costs. Various studies have also been conducted on the use of cemented carbide in the forging field, but the first problem is that it is heavy, and the second problem is that
The cost is high, and thirdly, there are problems such as breakage due to thermal cracking, so it has not yet been put into practical use.
(ハ) 発明の開示
本発明はかかる問題点を解決するために鋭意検
討の結果得られたものである。本発明の要旨は、
冷間、温熱間鍛造工具において鋼と超硬合金より
構成され、少くとも被加工材と接する部分が、超
硬合金で構成されておりかつ、鋼と超硬合金が高
エネルギービームにより溶接されている冷間、温
熱間鍛造工具の製造法に関するものである。さら
には該超硬合金のWCの平均粒度が１〜20μ、結
合金属がCo、Ni、Cr、Feの１種または２種以上
であり、含有量が15〜40重量％よりなる冷間、温
熱間鍛造工具を提供するものである。(C) Disclosure of the Invention The present invention was obtained as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems. The gist of the invention is
Cold or hot forging tools are made of steel and cemented carbide, and at least the part that contacts the workpiece is made of cemented carbide, and the steel and cemented carbide are welded using a high-energy beam. This paper relates to a method for manufacturing cold and hot forged tools. Furthermore, the average grain size of the WC of the cemented carbide is 1 to 20μ, the bonding metal is one or more of Co, Ni, Cr, and Fe, and the content is 15 to 40% by weight. The present invention provides an intermediate forging tool.
本発明の特徴は超硬合金と鋼の溶接において鋼
材を焼生した状態で高エネルギービームにて溶接
した後、該溶接品を焼入れ、焼き戻しの処理を行
つて鋼材の硬度分布を均一にすることを特徴とす
る超硬合金と鋼の接合工具の製造法にある。 The feature of the present invention is that in welding cemented carbide and steel, the steel material is welded with a high-energy beam in an annealed state, and then the welded product is quenched and tempered to make the hardness distribution of the steel material uniform. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a joining tool for cemented carbide and steel.
一般に超硬合金の鋼の接合ではロー付けが広く
用いられており、ロー付け時に鋼の硬度がなま
り、またロー付け後の焼入れは不可能であつた。 In general, brazing is widely used to join cemented carbide steels, but the hardness of the steel becomes dull during brazing, and quenching after brazing is impossible.
鍛造金型は、500〜600℃位の温度にまで達する
ため、従来公知のロー付けでは、耐熱性が不足し
てロー材を使用することはできない。 A forging die reaches a temperature of about 500 to 600°C, so conventionally known brazing cannot use brazing material due to insufficient heat resistance.
またロー付け時には、鋼の温度が上昇し、焼純
されてしまい鍛造圧300Kg／mm2には耐えられない。
本発明ではかかる問題点が、超硬合金と鋼を電子
ビームまたは、レーザービームを用いて接合する
ことによつて解決することができたものである。
すなわち電子ビーム、レーザービームによる溶接
では局部的に高温を得ることが出来る。しかしな
がら超硬合金と鋼の高温接合では超硬合金中に
Fe、Ｃが拡散し、Fe3W3C等の複炭化物の生成、
Feの急冷等があり、接合層は必ずしも強くなら
ない。超硬合金と鋼の当接面にCo、Ni、Cu、Fe
等の純金層フイラーを挿入しビームのエネルギー
でこれらの純金属を溶解接合すれば強固な接合強
度を得ることが出来る。 Also, during brazing, the temperature of the steel rises and it becomes sintered, making it unable to withstand the forging pressure of 300Kg/ mm2 .
In the present invention, this problem can be solved by joining cemented carbide and steel using an electron beam or a laser beam.
That is, welding using an electron beam or a laser beam can locally obtain high temperatures. However, in high-temperature joining of cemented carbide and steel,
Fe and C diffuse, forming multiple carbides such as Fe 3 W 3 C,
Due to rapid cooling of Fe, etc., the bonding layer does not necessarily become strong. Co, Ni, Cu, Fe on the contact surface of cemented carbide and steel
By inserting a pure gold layer filler such as, and melting and bonding these pure metals using beam energy, strong bonding strength can be obtained.
さらに解決すべき問題点として、接合面では金
属が溶解する温度に上昇するため、接合面近傍の
硬度が上り、さらに少し離れた部分が焼なましの
温度に下がる。 A further problem to be solved is that the temperature at the joint surface rises to a point where the metal melts, which increases the hardness near the joint surface, and lowers the temperature a little farther away to the annealing temperature.
第１図に超硬合金と焼入れた高速度鋼とを溶接
した時、鋼部の硬度変化を示した。接合層から数
mm離れたところに硬度の下がる部分がある。 Figure 1 shows the change in hardness of the steel part when cemented carbide and hardened high-speed steel are welded. Number from bonding layer
There is a part where the hardness decreases at a distance of mm.
このような硬度の不均一部分が出来ると高い圧
縮耐力を必要とする鍛造工具では鋼が座屈してし
まう。本発明では生材を溶接した後、溶接品を熱
処理することにより、硬度分布を均一化すること
が出来る。 If such areas with uneven hardness are formed, the steel will buckle in forged tools that require high compressive strength. In the present invention, the hardness distribution can be made uniform by heat-treating the welded product after welding the green material.
第２図に溶接前、後の硬度分布の変化を示し
た。１が溶接直後の鋼部分の硬度、２が溶接後熱
処理した時の硬度を示す。焼なました後、溶接
し、溶接後に熱処理することにより、靱性の高い
鋼と超硬合金との接合工具が得られることを見い
出したのである。また本願に使用する超硬合金は
特に耐熱強度が要求されるため、WCの粒度は１
〜20μの範囲が良好である。1μ以下では、耐熱亀
裂性が低下し、また20μ以上では、実質的に工業
的に製造することができないし、結合金属として
はCo、Ni、Cr、Feを主成分とし、15〜40重量
％、なお耐酸化性、耐食性、耐摩耗性等の特性を
向上するために、Al、Zr、Ｂ、Si、Ti、Ta等、
１種または２種以上を０〜0.5重量％含有するも
のも可能である。結合金属が15重量％以上では耐
衝撃性に劣り、また40重量％を起えると、硬度が
低下する。 Figure 2 shows the change in hardness distribution before and after welding. 1 indicates the hardness of the steel part immediately after welding, and 2 indicates the hardness when heat treated after welding. They discovered that a tool for joining steel and cemented carbide with high toughness can be obtained by annealing, welding, and heat treating after welding. In addition, since the cemented carbide used in this application is particularly required to have heat-resistant strength, the grain size of WC is 1.
A range of ~20μ is good. If it is less than 1μ, the heat cracking resistance decreases, and if it is more than 20μ, it is virtually impossible to produce it industrially. In addition, in order to improve properties such as oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance, Al, Zr, B, Si, Ti, Ta, etc.
It is also possible to contain one or more of them in an amount of 0 to 0.5% by weight. If the amount of the bonding metal exceeds 15% by weight, the impact resistance will be poor, and if it exceeds 40% by weight, the hardness will decrease.
本発明によつて得られた鍛造工具はダイス鋼、
高速度鋼の鍛造工具より製品の肌荒れが少なく、
また、高い鍛造圧力下で使用することができる。
同時に全体が、超硬合金で構成されている鍛造工
具に比較して、軽量でかつ安価でありさらには、
鋼の部分では冷却溝やネジ加工も可能である。従
つてこの種の鍛造用工具としては、ダイス鋼製の
ものと超硬合金製のものの両方の長所を兼ね備え
た冷間及び温熱間鍛造工具を得ることができるの
である。本願発明の工具は例えば、冷間鍛造パン
チ、熱間シヤダイ、および熱間ヘツデイングダイ
等へ利用することができる。 The forged tool obtained by the present invention is made of die steel,
The surface of the product is less rough than high-speed steel forged tools.
It can also be used under high forging pressures.
At the same time, compared to forged tools that are entirely made of cemented carbide, they are lighter and cheaper, and furthermore,
Cooling grooves and screws can also be machined on the steel parts. Therefore, as this type of forging tool, it is possible to obtain a cold and hot forging tool that combines the advantages of both die steel and cemented carbide forging tools. The tool of the present invention can be used, for example, in cold forging punches, hot shear dies, hot hedging dies, and the like.
(ニ) 実施例
実施例 １
第３図に示す熱間鍛造パンチは胴径Ｄ＝30φ、
先端径ｄ＝26φ、全長Ｌ＝150mmであるが、この
うち先端部ｌ＝25mmを超硬合金にした。ここで用
いる超硬合金は6μの平均粒径を持つWCにCoを12
重量％、Niを12重量％、Crを１重量％を配合、
焼結した超硬合金を用いた。胴部は焼純した
SKD−61とし、鋼と超硬の当接部にCoフイラー
を入れて電子ビーム溶接した。(D) Examples Example 1 The hot forging punch shown in Fig. 3 has a body diameter D = 30φ,
The tip diameter d=26φ and the total length L=150 mm, of which the tip portion l=25 mm is made of cemented carbide. The cemented carbide used here is WC with an average grain size of 6 μ and Co 12
% by weight, 12% by weight of Ni, 1% by weight of Cr,
Sintered cemented carbide was used. The body is sintered
SKD-61 was used, and a Co filler was inserted into the contact area between the steel and the carbide, and electron beam welding was performed.
溶接後800〜850℃で予熱した後1000〜1050℃で
ソルトバス中15分間熱後焼入れを行つた。さらに
600〜680℃で焼戻しを行つた。超硬合金と鋼の接
合部はキレツ、ハクリもなく強固な結合となつて
いた。このパンチの剪断強度を測定したところ35
Kg／mm2であつた。 After welding, it was preheated at 800-850°C and then post-heat quenched at 1000-1050°C in a salt bath for 15 minutes. moreover
Tempering was performed at 600-680°C. The joint between the cemented carbide and the steel was a strong bond with no cracks or peeling. The shear strength of this punch was measured and was 35
It was Kg/ mm2 .
この鍛造パンチを用いてS45Cを材料温度900
℃、鍛造圧力200tonにて、熱間鍛造を行つた。パ
ンチは５万個の打ち抜きが、可能であり、従来
SKD61を使用した時の寿命3000個に対して約17
倍であつた。 Using this forged punch, S45C is heated to a material temperature of 900.
Hot forging was carried out at ℃ and forging pressure of 200 tons. It is possible to punch 50,000 pieces, compared to conventional punches.
Approximately 17 for a lifespan of 3000 pieces when using SKD61
It was twice as hot.
実施例 ２
第４図に示す熱間シヤダイにおいて切断刃とし
て平均粒子径10μのWCにCoを20重量％、Niを10
重量％、Tiを２重量％配合し、焼結した超硬合
金を焼きなましを行つたSKD61のシヤンクの間
に100μの鋼フイラーを入れて電子ビーム溶接し
た。Example 2 In the hot shear die shown in Fig. 4, 20% by weight of Co and 10% of Ni were added to WC with an average particle size of 10μ as the cutting blade.
A 100 μm steel filler was inserted between the shank of annealed SKD61 made of sintered cemented carbide containing 2% by weight of Ti and then electron beam welded.
該接合品を実施例１に示す熱処理条件で硬度の
均一化を行つた
この接合シヤダイで19φの鋼材を切断した。従
来のステライトの肉盛の時は5000個で寿命であつ
たが超硬合金を溶接したものは10万個の切断が可
能であつた。実施例 ３
第１図に示す冷間鍛造パンチにおいて、平均粒
子径3μのWCにNiを18重量％、Coを２重量％、
Alを１重量％加えた超硬合金を用いて鋼
（SKH9）に電子ビーム溶接した。電子ビーム溶
接条件は150KV、10ｍＡ、500mm／minであつた。 The hardness of the bonded product was made uniform under the heat treatment conditions shown in Example 1. A 19φ steel material was cut using this bonding shear die. Conventional stellite overlays had a lifespan of 5,000 pieces, but welded cemented carbide could cut 100,000 pieces. Example 3 In the cold forging punch shown in Fig. 1, 18% by weight of Ni, 2% by weight of Co, and WC with an average particle size of 3μ were added.
Electron beam welding was performed on steel (SKH9) using cemented carbide containing 1% by weight of Al. The electron beam welding conditions were 150KV, 10mA, and 500mm/min.
超硬合金にビームを当て超硬と鋼の当接面に挿
入したNiフイラーを溶解し完全接合を行つた。
溶接後850℃で予熱、1180℃、160秒加熱後焼入れ
し、570℃で焼戻しを行つた。鍛造圧力300Tonに
て熱間鍛造を行つたが、このパンチにより10万個
の加工ができた。 A beam was applied to the cemented carbide to melt the Ni filler inserted into the contact surface between the cemented carbide and the steel, resulting in a complete bond.
After welding, it was preheated at 850°C, heated at 1180°C for 160 seconds, quenched, and tempered at 570°C. Hot forging was performed at a forging pressure of 300 tons, and 100,000 pieces could be machined with this punch.
第１図は焼入れ材と超硬合金の電気ビーム溶接
後の鋼の硬度分布、第２図は生材鋼と超硬合金の
溶接直後、及び熱処理後の鋼の硬度分布、第３図
は本願発明によつて得られた熱間鍛造パンチの図
であり、第４図は本願発明によつて得られた熱間
シヤダイである。図中斜線部は超硬合金であり、
Ｄは直径、Ｌは全長を示す。
１……生材鋼の溶接後の鋼の硬度分布、２……
溶接後熱処理した後の硬度分布、３……超硬合
金、４……鋼。
Figure 1 is the hardness distribution of steel after electric beam welding of hardened material and cemented carbide, Figure 2 is the hardness distribution of steel immediately after welding and heat treatment of green steel and cemented carbide, and Figure 3 is the hardness distribution of steel after heat treatment. FIG. 4 is a diagram of a hot forging punch obtained by the invention, and FIG. 4 is a hot shear die obtained by the invention of the present application. The shaded area in the figure is cemented carbide.
D is the diameter, and L is the total length. 1...Hardness distribution of raw steel after welding, 2...
Hardness distribution after heat treatment after welding, 3... Cemented carbide, 4... Steel.
Claims (1)
を金属フイラーを介して当接せしめ、該当接部に
高エネルギービームを照射して溶接し、溶接後接
合工具全体を焼入、焼戻しの熱処理を施し鋼の硬
度分布を均一化することを特徴とする超硬合金と
鋼の接合工具の製造法。 ２ WCの粒度が１〜20μｍでありかつ、超硬合
金中で60〜85重量％であり、結合金属はCo、Ni、
Cr、Feからなる群から選ばれた１種または２種
以上であり、かつ超硬合金中で15〜40重量％であ
ることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の
超硬合金と鋼の接合工具の製造法。[Claims] 1. An annealed steel is used, a cemented carbide is brought into contact with it via a metal filler, and a high-energy beam is irradiated to the corresponding contact area for welding. After welding, the entire joining tool is A method for manufacturing a joining tool for cemented carbide and steel, which is characterized by applying heat treatment of quenching and tempering to uniformize the hardness distribution of the steel. 2 The grain size of WC is 1 to 20 μm, and it accounts for 60 to 85% by weight in the cemented carbide, and the bonding metals are Co, Ni,
The cemented carbide according to claim 1, which is one or more selected from the group consisting of Cr and Fe, and is present in the cemented carbide in an amount of 15 to 40% by weight. Manufacturing method for steel joining tools.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58158730A JPS6049880A (en) | 1983-08-29 | 1983-08-29 | Production of joining tool of sintered hard alloy and steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58158730A JPS6049880A (en) | 1983-08-29 | 1983-08-29 | Production of joining tool of sintered hard alloy and steel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6049880A JPS6049880A (en) | 1985-03-19 |
| JPH0452180B2 true JPH0452180B2 (en) | 1992-08-21 |
Family
ID=15678074
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58158730A Granted JPS6049880A (en) | 1983-08-29 | 1983-08-29 | Production of joining tool of sintered hard alloy and steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6049880A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0696199B2 (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1994-11-30 | 富士通株式会社 | Laser welding method |
| JPS6350443A (en) * | 1986-08-19 | 1988-03-03 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Warm-and hot-forging tool |
| CN113664352A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-19 | 成都东升鸿光科技有限公司 | Welding process of high-hardness hard alloy |
-
1983
- 1983-08-29 JP JP58158730A patent/JPS6049880A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6049880A (en) | 1985-03-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |