JPH0456071A - Manufacture of solid electrolyte for fuel cell - Google Patents

Manufacture of solid electrolyte for fuel cell

Info

Publication number
JPH0456071A
JPH0456071A JP2164386A JP16438690A JPH0456071A JP H0456071 A JPH0456071 A JP H0456071A JP 2164386 A JP2164386 A JP 2164386A JP 16438690 A JP16438690 A JP 16438690A JP H0456071 A JPH0456071 A JP H0456071A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
solid electrolyte
film
fuel cell
forming
desirable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2164386A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasuhiro Yoshioka
靖浩 吉岡
Tadashi Kitakizaki
北寄崎 董
Kazuhiko Kawakami
和彦 河上
Kazuo Fushimi
伏見 和夫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meidensha Corp
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Meidensha Corp
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meidensha Corp, Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Meidensha Corp
Priority to JP2164386A priority Critical patent/JPH0456071A/en
Publication of JPH0456071A publication Critical patent/JPH0456071A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1213Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To manufacture solid electrolyte having high catalyst performance and an enlarged reaction area with a catalyst by forming a tight film having a slow evaporation rate, and next, forming a rough film having a fast evaporation rate at the time of performing evaporation in a process of forming a solid electrolyte film. CONSTITUTION:Fluorinated lanthanum as solid electrolyte is evaporated on a hydrogen electrode, which is formed by laminating metals selected from a VIII group element on a porous metal substrate, with two-stages rate, and firstly, a tight film is formed, and next, a rough film is formed. Stainless steel, nickel and copper are used as the porous metal substrate with necessity for processing at high temperature. As a metal to be selected from a VIII group element, single or mixture is used, and Ni, Fe, Ru, Co, Pt, Pd are desirable, and Ni powder is more desirable, and further, nickel powder having a particle diameter at 20-120mum is more desirable. As fluorinated lanthanum, for example, LaF3 or the like is used.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 A、産業上の利用分野 本発明は燃料電池の固体電解質の製造法に関し、特に触
媒能が高くかつ固体電解質の表面積を拡大し、これによ
り高いV−I特性を得ることを可能とする燃料電池の固
体電解質の製造法に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Industrial Field of Application The present invention relates to a method for producing a solid electrolyte for fuel cells, in particular, it has high catalytic ability and expands the surface area of the solid electrolyte, thereby obtaining high V-I characteristics. This invention relates to a method for manufacturing a solid electrolyte for fuel cells that makes it possible to do so.

本発明は燃料電池の固体電解質の製造法において、 固体電解質としてフッ素化ランタンを蒸着して、まず密
な膜を形成し、次いで疎な膜を形成することにより、 触媒能を高めかつ固体電解質の表面積を増し、これによ
り高い発電特性(以下、v−r特性という)を得ること
を可能とする。
The present invention is a method for producing a solid electrolyte for a fuel cell, in which fluorinated lanthanum is vapor-deposited as a solid electrolyte to first form a dense film and then a sparse film, thereby increasing the catalytic ability and improving the solid electrolyte. It increases the surface area, thereby making it possible to obtain high power generation characteristics (hereinafter referred to as vr characteristics).

C9従来の技術 近年、固体電解質を用いた燃料電池が研究されている。C9 conventional technology In recent years, fuel cells using solid electrolytes have been studied.

現在、実際に稼働している燃料電池としてはウェスチン
グハウス(WH)社の円筒型の燃料電池が知られている
Currently, a cylindrical fuel cell manufactured by Westinghouse (WH) is known as a fuel cell that is actually in operation.

この燃料重油は固体電解質として安定化ノルコニアを用
い、単電池で0.7V−200mA/cm’の発電特性
を発生ずるものである。
This fuel oil uses stabilized norconia as a solid electrolyte, and generates power generation characteristics of 0.7V-200mA/cm' in a single cell.

しかし安定化ノルコニアを用いた燃料電池は、動作温度
が1000℃以1−と高温であり、通常の金属では腐食
してしまうため、例えばセラミック等の耐熱性を考慮し
た補正材料の選択や、その他の点で種々の不利を免れな
い、という問題があった。このため低温(200〜50
0℃前後)下で動作が可能であるという点から固体電解
質としてフッ化ランタン(以下、L a F sという
)を用いた燃料電池が研究されている。
However, fuel cells using stabilized norconia have high operating temperatures of over 1000°C, and normal metals will corrode. There has been a problem in that various disadvantages cannot be avoided in this respect. For this reason, the temperature is low (200 to 50
Fuel cells using lanthanum fluoride (hereinafter referred to as L a F s) as a solid electrolyte are being researched because they can operate at temperatures (around 0° C.).

即ち、燃料電池の固体電解質としてLaF−を多孔質金
属基板に積層した水素極1−にエレクトロンビーム(以
下、EBという)蒸着法により積層して固体電解質膜を
形成していた。
That is, as a solid electrolyte for a fuel cell, a solid electrolyte membrane was formed by laminating LaF- as a solid electrolyte on a hydrogen electrode 1-, which was laminated on a porous metal substrate, by electron beam (hereinafter referred to as EB) evaporation.

D 発明が解決しようとする課題 しかしながら、1−記の固体電解質膜の製造法では、目
標蒸着膜厚まで一定の蒸着レートで固体電解質を積層し
ていたが、この方法で得られる固体電解質はガスリーク
が生じやすいことから触媒能が小さく、更に固体電解質
の表面積が小さいことから触媒との反応面積も小さく、
このためl・分なり一■特性が得られないという問題が
あった。
D Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the method for producing a solid electrolyte membrane described in 1- above, the solid electrolyte is laminated at a constant evaporation rate until the target evaporation film thickness is reached, but the solid electrolyte obtained by this method suffers from gas leakage. The catalytic ability is small because it is easy to cause , and the reaction area with the catalyst is also small because the surface area of the solid electrolyte is small.
For this reason, there was a problem in that it was not possible to obtain a characteristic of 1/min.

従って本発明はこの問題を解決するために創案されたも
のであって、 固体電解質としてフッ素化ランタンを蒸着して、まず密
な膜を形成し、次いで疎な膜を形成することにより、 触媒能が高くかつ固体電解質の表面積を拡大し、これに
より高いV−1特性を得ることを可能とする燃料電池の
固体電解質膜の製造法を提供することを目的とする。
Therefore, the present invention was devised to solve this problem, and by depositing fluorinated lanthanum as a solid electrolyte, first forming a dense film and then forming a sparse film, the catalytic activity can be improved. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a solid electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, which makes it possible to obtain a high V-1 characteristic by increasing the surface area of the solid electrolyte.

E0課題を解決するための手段及び作用本発明者らは上
記問題点を解決するため鋭意研究した結果、固体電解質
としてフッ素化ランタンを蒸着し、まず密な膜を形成し
、次いで疎な膜を形成することにより、触媒能が高くか
つ固体電解質の表面積を増すことに成功し、本発明に係
る燃料電池の固体電解質の製造法を完成した。
Means and Action for Solving the E0 Problem The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems. As a result, the present inventors deposited fluorinated lanthanum as a solid electrolyte, first formed a dense film, and then formed a sparse film. By forming the solid electrolyte, we succeeded in increasing the surface area of the solid electrolyte with high catalytic ability, and completed the method for manufacturing the solid electrolyte for the fuel cell according to the present invention.

即ち、燃料電池の固体電解質の製造法は、多孔質金属性
基板に■族元素から選択された金属を積層して形成した
水素極上に固体電解質としてフッ素化ランタンを蒸着し
て、まず密な膜を形成し、次いで疎な膜を形成すること
を、その解決手段としている。
In other words, the method for manufacturing a solid electrolyte for a fuel cell is to deposit fluorinated lanthanum as a solid electrolyte onto a hydrogen electrode formed by laminating a metal selected from Group I elements on a porous metal substrate, and then form a dense film. The solution is to form a sparse film and then form a sparse film.

以下、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

まず、本発明に使用する多孔質金属性基板としては、こ
の基板に■族元素から選択された金属を積層し水素極を
形成する際に高温で処理する必要性から、例えばステン
レス(以下、SUSという)ニッケル、銅、好ましくは
SUSを材料としたものなどが挙げられる。
First, as the porous metallic substrate used in the present invention, for example, stainless steel (hereinafter referred to as SUS Examples include those made of nickel, copper, and preferably SUS.

また■元素から選択される金属としては単独でも混合で
もよく、好ましくはNi、Fe  r(u。
The metals selected from the elements (1) may be used alone or in combination, and are preferably Ni, Fer (u.

Go、Pt、Pd、より好ましくはNi粉、更に好まし
くは粒径20〜120μmのNi粉が挙げられ、このN
i粉を通常用いられている方法、例えばアセヂレン炎溶
射法などにより20〜200μm1好ましくは100μ
mの厚さに積層する。
Go, Pt, Pd, more preferably Ni powder, still more preferably Ni powder with a particle size of 20 to 120 μm, and this N
20 to 200 μm, preferably 100 μm, by a commonly used method such as acetylene flame spraying.
Laminated to a thickness of m.

次に得られた水素電極1にフッ素化ランタンを積層する
。このフッ素化ランタンとしては例えば、LaF3、又
はL a 1−M x F 3−(但し、Mはアルカリ
土類金属、例えばSr、Baなどである)、好ましくは
平均粒径2μmのLaF3を用いるのが望ましい。
Next, fluorinated lanthanum is laminated on the hydrogen electrode 1 obtained. As the fluorinated lanthanum, for example, LaF3 or L a 1-M x F 3- (where M is an alkaline earth metal, such as Sr or Ba), preferably LaF3 with an average particle size of 2 μm is used. is desirable.

次に、フッ素化ランタンを通常用いられる蒸着法、例え
ばエレクトロンビーム(以下、EBという)蒸着法、化
学蒸着法(CrD)、抵抗加熱蒸着法、好ましくはEB
蒸着法により水素極1゛に積層する。この積層法として
はフッ素化ランタンを蒸着法により蒸着レートをまず4
〜6人/sec。
Next, the fluorinated lanthanum is deposited using a commonly used vapor deposition method, such as an electron beam (hereinafter referred to as EB) vapor deposition method, a chemical vapor deposition method (CrD), a resistance heating vapor deposition method, and preferably an EB vapor deposition method.
It is laminated on the hydrogen electrode 1' by a vapor deposition method. In this lamination method, fluorinated lanthanum is first deposited at a deposition rate of 4.
~6 people/sec.

好ましくは5人/ S e Cに設定し、好ましくは8
μmの厚さに積層する。これにより固体電解質としてま
ず割な膜が形成される。次いで得られる密な膜1°にフ
ッ素化ランタンを蒸着法により蒸着レート15人/ s
 c c 〜25人/see、好ましくは20人/ s
 e cに設定し、好ましくは2μrnの厚さに積層す
る。このように2段階蒸着レートを取ることで従来の固
体電解質膜より表面積を増すことができる。
Preferably set to 5 people/S e C, preferably 8
Laminated to a thickness of μm. As a result, a thin film is formed as a solid electrolyte. Next, fluorinated lanthanum was deposited on the resulting dense film 1° using a vapor deposition method at a deposition rate of 15 people/s.
c c ~25 people/see, preferably 20 people/s
e c and preferably laminated to a thickness of 2 μrn. By adopting a two-step deposition rate in this way, the surface area can be increased compared to conventional solid electrolyte membranes.

こうして得られる固体電解質膜1・に例えばペロブスカ
イトなどを積層し酸素極とし固体電解質型燃料電池単セ
ルを好適に得ることができる。
For example, a perovskite or the like is laminated on the solid electrolyte membrane 1 obtained in this way to serve as an oxygen electrode, and a single solid electrolyte fuel cell can be suitably obtained.

F、実施例 以下、本発明に係る燃料電池の固体電解質の製造法を実
施例に基づいて説明する。
F. Examples Hereinafter, a method for producing a solid electrolyte for a fuel cell according to the present invention will be explained based on examples.

実施例I (+ ) 1/2インチステンレスパイプにステンレス
多孔質板を付けた多孔質ステンレス基板1にアセチlノ
ン溶射法により粒径20〜120μmのNiO粉を10
0μmの厚さに積層した(水素極)。
Example I (+) 100% of NiO powder with a particle size of 20 to 120 μm was applied to a porous stainless steel substrate 1 made by attaching a stainless steel porous plate to a 1/2 inch stainless steel pipe by an acetylene non-spraying method.
Laminated to a thickness of 0 μm (hydrogen electrode).

次に得られたNi層上にEB蒸着装置(昭和真空社製、
5EC−107)を用いて平均粒径2μmのLaF、の
ベレットを基板温度500°Cでまず蒸着レート5人/
 s e cにより膜厚8μmに積層し、次いでその上
に蒸着レート2 OA/secにより膜厚2μmに積層
し、厚さI Oit mのLaF3層を得た(固体電解
質膜)。
Next, an EB evaporation device (manufactured by Showa Shinku Co., Ltd.,
5EC-107), a pellet of LaF with an average particle size of 2 μm was first deposited at a substrate temperature of 500°C at a deposition rate of 5 people/
A film was laminated to a thickness of 8 μm using sec, and then a layer of 2 μm was deposited thereon at a deposition rate of 2 OA/sec to obtain a three-layer LaF layer having a thickness of I Oit m (solid electrolyte membrane).

更に、得られたLaF3層にペロブスカイトを10μm
の厚さに積層しペロブスカイト層を得た(酸素極)。
Furthermore, 10 μm of perovskite was added to the obtained LaF3 layer.
The perovskite layer was laminated to a thickness of (oxygen electrode).

こうして得られた固体電解質型燃料電池単セルのv−r
特性を温度100℃で流量、H2:O,−20: 20
 (SCCM)の条件で測定した。
v-r of the solid oxide fuel cell single cell thus obtained
Characteristics are temperature 100℃, flow rate, H2:O, -20: 20
(SCCM) conditions.

(2)次に蒸着レート5人/ s e cにより10μ
mに積層する以外は実施例1 (1)と同様な方法によ
り固体電解質型燃料電池単セルのV−I特性を測定し、
比較例とした。
(2) Next, the evaporation rate is 10 μ by 5 people/sec.
The V-I characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell single cell were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 (1) except that the cells were stacked on m.
This was used as a comparative example.

(3)実施例(1)及び比較例(2)のそれぞれの測定
結果を第1図に示す。
(3) The measurement results of Example (1) and Comparative Example (2) are shown in FIG.

第1図に示すように実施例(1)の蒸着Iノート2段階
の方が比較例(2)に比しV−I特性に優れていること
がわかる。このことは実施例(1)で示したようにEB
蒸着を行うに際し、まず蒸着レ−1−の遅い密な膜を形
成することによりガスリークのない膜ができ、更にその
膜上につづけて蒸着レートの速い疎な膜を形成すること
により固体電解質の表面積が増大したことに起因してい
ると考えられる。
As shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the two-stage vapor deposition I note of Example (1) has better VI characteristics than Comparative Example (2). This is true for EB as shown in Example (1).
When performing vapor deposition, a film with no gas leakage is created by first forming a dense film with a slow vapor deposition rate, and then a sparse film with a fast vapor deposition rate is formed on top of that film, which improves the solid electrolyte. This is thought to be due to an increase in surface area.

即ちガスリークがないことから触媒能が高く、更に固体
電解質の表面積が増大することから触媒との反応面積の
拡大につながり、全体として燃料電池のV−■特性を高
めることができたと言える。
That is, since there is no gas leak, the catalytic ability is high, and since the surface area of the solid electrolyte is increased, the reaction area with the catalyst is expanded, and it can be said that the V-■ characteristics of the fuel cell as a whole were improved.

G0発明の効果 本発明は固体電解質膜の形成におけるEB蒸着を行うに
際し、まず蒸着レートの遅い密な膜を形成し次いで蒸着
レートの速い疎な膜を形成することにより触媒能が高く
かつ触媒との反応面積が拡大した燃料電池の固体電解質
を製造することができる。
G0 Effects of the Invention The present invention, when performing EB evaporation in forming a solid electrolyte membrane, first forms a dense film with a slow evaporation rate, and then forms a sparse film with a fast evaporation rate, thereby achieving high catalytic ability and catalytic activity. It is possible to produce a solid electrolyte for fuel cells with an expanded reaction area.

従って本発明に係る燃料電池の固体電解質の製造法によ
れば、高い触媒能と固体電解質膜の拡大を図ることがで
き、かつこれらの効果が相まって燃料電池のV−r特性
を高めることができる。
Therefore, according to the method for producing a solid electrolyte for a fuel cell according to the present invention, high catalytic performance and expansion of the solid electrolyte membrane can be achieved, and these effects can be combined to improve the Vr characteristics of the fuel cell. .

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明に係る燃料電池の固体電解質の製造法に
よる蒸着レート2段階法と従来法である蒸着レート一定
法との■−!特性を示すグラフである。 外1名
FIG. 1 shows the difference between the two-stage deposition rate method according to the method of manufacturing solid electrolyte for fuel cells according to the present invention and the conventional constant deposition rate method. It is a graph showing characteristics. 1 other person

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)多孔質金属性基板にVIII族元素から選択された金
属を積層して形成した水素極上に固体電解質としてフッ
素化ランタンを蒸着して、まず密な膜を形成し、次いで
疎な膜を形成することを特徴とする燃料電池の固体電解
質の製造法。
(1) Lanthanum fluoride is deposited as a solid electrolyte on a hydrogen electrode formed by laminating a metal selected from group VIII elements on a porous metallic substrate, first forming a dense film, then a sparse film. A method for producing a solid electrolyte for a fuel cell, characterized by forming a solid electrolyte for a fuel cell.
JP2164386A 1990-06-22 1990-06-22 Manufacture of solid electrolyte for fuel cell Pending JPH0456071A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2164386A JPH0456071A (en) 1990-06-22 1990-06-22 Manufacture of solid electrolyte for fuel cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2164386A JPH0456071A (en) 1990-06-22 1990-06-22 Manufacture of solid electrolyte for fuel cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0456071A true JPH0456071A (en) 1992-02-24

Family

ID=15792143

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2164386A Pending JPH0456071A (en) 1990-06-22 1990-06-22 Manufacture of solid electrolyte for fuel cell

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0456071A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02235976A (en) * 1989-03-09 1990-09-18 Nitto Denko Corp Identification tag for dry cleaning, and adhesive and method for fixing same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02235976A (en) * 1989-03-09 1990-09-18 Nitto Denko Corp Identification tag for dry cleaning, and adhesive and method for fixing same

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