JPH0457739B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0457739B2
JPH0457739B2 JP59022945A JP2294584A JPH0457739B2 JP H0457739 B2 JPH0457739 B2 JP H0457739B2 JP 59022945 A JP59022945 A JP 59022945A JP 2294584 A JP2294584 A JP 2294584A JP H0457739 B2 JPH0457739 B2 JP H0457739B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
powder
alloy
thermal expansion
coefficient
hot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP59022945A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS60169540A (en
Inventor
Susumu Shinagawa
Yoshinobu Saito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tohoku Steel Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tohoku Steel Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Priority to JP2294584A priority Critical patent/JPS60169540A/en
Publication of JPS60169540A publication Critical patent/JPS60169540A/en
Publication of JPH0457739B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0457739B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

技術分野 この発明は、精密機器やエレクトロニクスの分
野において、とくに磁場の作用の下で使用される
装置とか、あるいは微小な磁場変化を読み取る装
置などの材料として用いて好適な非強磁性低膨張
型の焼結合金に関するものである。 従来技術とその問題点 上記のような用途に適合するものとして、Cr
を主成分とする反強磁性Cr基インバー型合金が
開発され、種々検討されている。 この反強磁性Cr基インバー型合金は、磁化率
(χ)が2.0×10-5emu/g以下でかつ、熱膨張係
数(α)が±4.0×10-6/℃以下という極めてす
ぐれた特性をそなえているが、Crを90重量%
(以下単に%で示す)以上も多量に含むことから、
熱間加工性が著しく悪く、また常温では脆いため
に被削性にも劣り、熱間加工後の切断や機械加工
などは極めて難しいところに問題を残していた。 この点最近に至り、Cr基インバー合金の熱間
加工性の改善については種々の方策が試みられ、
たとえば特開昭52−120211号および同56−123336
号各公報に開示の如くして丸棒、ブロツクなどが
得られるようになつたが、依然として加工性の面
からの制約は大きくて形状的に製造可能な範囲は
狭く、未だ十分とはいい難かつた。また被削性に
ついても、熱間加工性の改善に伴つて幾分かは改
善されるとはいうものの、強加工を施した場合に
はやはり、割れやかけなどの欠陥を生じていた。 従つて、熱間加工性が改善されたとはいつて
も、かかるCr基インバー合金の機械加工に際し
ては、細心の注意を必要とし、しかも低速、低歪
加工が主体となるために製造費用が高くつく不利
も伴つていた。加えて機械加工法そのものもある
程度制限を受けていたため、複雑な形状の部品の
加工は困難だつたのである。 発明の目的 この発明は、熱間加工性の一層の改善により、
板状や棒状部品の製造を容易ならしめた非強磁性
低膨張合金を提案することを第1の目的とする。 またこの発明は、被削性を改善することによつ
て機械加工工数の大幅な低減ならびに精度の向上
を達成し、安価で精度の高い精密加工部品として
の非強磁性低膨張合金を提案することを第2の目
的とする。 さらにこの発明は、粉末焼結法の利用によつて
機械加工では困難なほど複雑な形状の部品につい
ても製造を容易ならしめた非強磁性低膨張型の焼
結合金を提案することを第3の目的とするもので
ある。 発明の構成 この発明は、熱間での加工性ならびに常温での
脆性および被削性を改善するために、数多くの実
験と検討を重ねた結果、開発されたものである。 すなわちこの発明は、下記の化学式で表わされ
る反強磁性低膨張のCr基合金粉末:50.0〜99.5%
と、Ag,Sn,Al,Zn,CuおよびCu合金のうち
から選ばれる一種または二種以上の非磁性金属粉
末:0.5〜50.0%の焼結体から成る非強磁性低膨
張焼結合金である。 式:Cr100-(a+b)・Aa・Bb ここでA:Fe,SiおよびCoのうちから選ばれる
少くとも一種 B:Mn,Sn,Ru,Rh,Pd,Re,Os,
Pt,Au,AsおよびSbのうちから選ばれる
少くとも一種 a:0.1〜6.0% b:0.05〜6.0% この発明において、Cr基合金粉末の化学組成
を示す上掲化学式中Aで表わされる成分は、Cr
のネール点を下げ、ネール点直下の熱膨張係数を
小さくするのに有用な元素であつて、その効果を
発揮するためには少くとも0.1%を必要とするが、
6.0%を超えて含有されると熱膨張係数が大きく
なる不利を生じるので、A成分は0.1〜6.0%の範
囲にする必要がある。しかしながらCrに単にA
成分を添加しただけでは、ネール点が常温以下と
なるため常温付近では使用できない。そこで次の
B成分の添加が不可欠になるわけである。 このB成分は、ネール点を高め、また熱膨張係
数を小さくすると同時にその温度範囲を広げるの
に有効に寄与するが、含有量が0.05%に満たない
とその添加効果に乏しく、一方6.0%を超えると
ネール点が高くなりすぎ、また熱膨張係数も大き
くなる不利を生じるので、B成分は0.05〜6.0%
の範囲に限定した。 またこの発明において、非磁性金属粉末は、焼
結時のバインダーとして利用されるもので、上掲
した各非磁性粉末の中でも、Crとの溶解度が少
ないこと、熱および電気伝導性が良いこと、焼結
性が比較的良いこと、熱間での加工性が良いこと
ならびに冷間での加工性や被削性にも優れること
などの理由から、CuまたはCu合金がとりわけ有
利に適合する。ここにCu合金とは、Cu含有量が
65〜95%程度の青銅およびCu含有量が60〜70%
程度の黄銅を意味する。 ここで非磁性金属粉末の配合量を、0.5〜50%
の範囲に限定した理由は次のとおりである。 すなわち配合量が0.5%未満では、バインダー
としての効果に乏しく焼結性が劣化して、熱間圧
延時に割れやかけなどが生じる。一方50%を超え
ると、焼結合金の熱膨張係数が大きくなつて所期
した目的を達成できなくなる。というのは、非磁
性金属の熱膨張係数はたとえば、Cu:16.5×
10-6/℃、Al:23.6×10-6/℃程度であるのに対
し、反強磁性Cr基インバー型合金の負の熱膨張
係数は−6×10-6/℃程度であるために、非磁性
金属粉末が多量に含まれると焼結合金の熱膨張係
数が大きくなるからである。 次にこの発明に従う焼結合金の製造法について
説明する。 まずこの発明で使用する反強磁性低膨張のCr
基合金粉末および非磁性金属粉末の作成に当つて
は、機械的粉砕による方法、溶湯の粉化による方
法および電気分解による方法など従来公知の方法
すべてが使用できるが、いずれの方法を採用する
にしても、粉末の表面酸化防止には充分留意する
必要があり、より好ましくは圧粉前に還元して使
用することが望ましい。 ここに好適粉末粒度は、製品の寸法によつて多
少変動するけれども、一般的には反強磁性低膨張
合金粉末については0.05〜0.1mm程度、またバイ
ンダーとしての非磁性金属粉末についは0.05mm以
下程度の微粉とすることが好ましい。 また圧粉成形圧は1〜50トン/cm2程度が適して
いる。 さらに焼結雰囲気は、真空または水素気流中な
どの還元性雰囲気が望ましいが、やむを得ない場
合には不活性雰囲気でもかまわない。 圧粉体の焼結温度は、バインダーとしての非磁
性金属の融点の0.5〜0.98程度を目安とするが、
Cr基インバー合金粉末とバインダー粉末とが合
金化して物理的特性が変化する場合もあるので、
合金化を生じない温度に制御する必要がある。 なおかようにして得た焼結合金に熱間加工を施
す場合、加工温度はバインダー金属のバルクでの
加工温度に準じるが、加工率は、初期段階では10
%以下とし、次第に加工度を上げるような方式が
望ましく、加工法としては、圧延、スエージン
グ、プレスおよび押し出しなどの各加工法が適し
ている。 さらに複雑な形状の部品については、真空ホツ
トプレスまたは不活性雰囲気中でのホツトプレス
によつて、製品または半製品として所定の形状を
得ることもできる。 実施例 以下この発明の実施例を従来例と比較して説明
する。 5.5%Fe−0.5%Mn−bal Crの組成になる反強
磁性Cr基インバー合金2.4Kgを真空誘導炉で溶解
し、50mmφ×100mmlの鋳塊を得た。この鋳塊を
振動ミルで粉砕して100メツシユ以下の粉末とし
た。 ついでこのCr基インバー合金粉末に、100メツ
シユ以下のCu粉をそれぞれ5,10および20%の
割合で混合してから、いずれも30mmφ×30mmHの
銅パイプに入れ、約4トン/cm2の圧力で加圧して
高さ約15mmの圧粉体とし、引続き真空中900℃で
焼結後、大気中900℃で圧下率:約50%の熱間圧
延を施したが、いずれの焼結体についても熱間加
工性は極めて良好であつた。 次に得られた熱延材から3mmφ×5mmlの試料
を削り出したが、いずれについても割れやかけな
どの発生はなく、また切粉も細かくて被削性は良
好であつた。 かくして得られた各棒状試料の−60℃〜120℃
における熱膨張率について測定した結果を第1図
に示す。 なお同図には、比較のため純鋼およびバルクの
Cr基インバー合金の熱膨張率について調べた結
果も併せて示したが、Cr基インバー合金につい
ては3mmφ×50mmlの大きさへの旋盤による製作
中に、折れやかけが多発したため、やむなく3mm
φ×30mmlの短い試料にせざるを得なかつた。 第1図に示した結果から明らかなように、この
発明に従う焼結合金は、Cu粉末の配合量が多く
なるに従つて熱膨張率が次第に大きくなるとはい
うものの、純銅に比較すると著しく低い熱膨張率
を示した。この点、Cr基インバー合金の熱膨張
率は、5%Cu粉添加焼結合金程度に十分低かつ
たが、かかるCr基インバー合金は上述した如く、
熱間加工性さらには被削性が極めて悪かつた。 また得られた各試料の外部磁場1500Oeにおけ
る磁化率(χ)についても調べたところ、下表
1、
Technical field The present invention relates to a non-ferromagnetic, low-expansion type material suitable for use in the fields of precision instruments and electronics, particularly in devices used under the action of magnetic fields, or devices that read minute changes in magnetic fields. It relates to sintered alloys. Prior art and its problems Cr
Antiferromagnetic Cr-based Invar-type alloys containing Cr-based alloys as main components have been developed and various studies have been conducted. This antiferromagnetic Cr-based invar alloy has extremely excellent properties such as a magnetic susceptibility (χ) of 2.0×10 -5 emu/g or less and a thermal expansion coefficient (α) of ±4.0×10 -6 /°C or less. 90% by weight of Cr
(Hereinafter simply shown in %) Since it contains a large amount of the above,
It has extremely poor hot workability, and because it is brittle at room temperature, it also has poor machinability, making it extremely difficult to cut or machine after hot working. In this regard, various measures have recently been attempted to improve the hot workability of Cr-based invar alloys.
For example, JP-A-52-120211 and JP-A-56-123336.
Although it has become possible to obtain round bars, blocks, etc. as disclosed in the various publications, there are still significant restrictions in terms of workability, and the range of shapes that can be manufactured is narrow, and it is still difficult to say that it is sufficient. It was. In addition, although machinability has been improved to some extent as hot workability has been improved, defects such as cracks and chips still occur when subjected to heavy working. Therefore, even though hot workability has been improved, great care is required when machining such Cr-based invar alloys, and manufacturing costs are high because low-speed, low-distortion machining is the main process. It also came with certain disadvantages. In addition, the machining method itself was subject to certain limitations, making it difficult to process parts with complex shapes. Purpose of the invention The present invention provides further improvement in hot workability,
The first objective is to propose a non-ferromagnetic low expansion alloy that facilitates the manufacture of plate-shaped and rod-shaped parts. This invention also proposes a non-ferromagnetic low expansion alloy that can be used as an inexpensive and highly accurate precision machined part, achieving a significant reduction in machining man-hours and improving accuracy by improving machinability. is the second purpose. Furthermore, the third purpose of this invention is to propose a non-ferromagnetic, low-expansion sintered alloy that uses powder sintering to facilitate the manufacture of parts with complex shapes that are difficult to machine. This is the purpose of Structure of the Invention The present invention was developed as a result of numerous experiments and studies in order to improve hot workability as well as brittleness and machinability at room temperature. That is, this invention uses antiferromagnetic low expansion Cr-based alloy powder represented by the following chemical formula: 50.0 to 99.5%
A non-ferromagnetic low expansion sintered alloy consisting of a sintered body of 0.5 to 50.0% of one or more non-magnetic metal powders selected from Ag, Sn, Al, Zn, Cu and Cu alloys. . Formula: Cr 100-(a+b)・A a・B bwhere A: at least one selected from Fe, Si and Co B: Mn, Sn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os,
At least one selected from Pt, Au, As, and Sb a: 0.1 to 6.0% b: 0.05 to 6.0% In this invention, the component represented by A in the above chemical formula showing the chemical composition of the Cr-based alloy powder is ,Cr
It is an element that is useful for lowering the Neel point and reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion just below the Neel point, and at least 0.1% is required to exhibit this effect.
If the content exceeds 6.0%, the thermal expansion coefficient becomes disadvantageous, so the content of component A needs to be in the range of 0.1 to 6.0%. However, Cr simply has A
If only the components are added, the Neel point will be below room temperature, so it cannot be used near room temperature. Therefore, it is essential to add the next component B. This component B effectively contributes to raising the Neel point, reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion, and widening the temperature range, but if the content is less than 0.05%, the effect of addition is poor; If it exceeds this, the Neel point will be too high and the coefficient of thermal expansion will also be large, so the B component should be 0.05 to 6.0%.
limited to the range of In addition, in this invention, the non-magnetic metal powder is used as a binder during sintering, and among the above-mentioned non-magnetic powders, it has low solubility with Cr, good thermal and electrical conductivity, Cu or a Cu alloy is particularly advantageously suited because of its relatively good sinterability, good hot workability, and excellent cold workability and machinability. Here, Cu alloy means that the Cu content is
Bronze content is around 65-95% and Cu content is 60-70%
It means a degree of brass. Here, the blending amount of non-magnetic metal powder is 0.5 to 50%.
The reason for limiting the range is as follows. That is, if the blending amount is less than 0.5%, the effect as a binder is poor and the sinterability deteriorates, causing cracks and chips during hot rolling. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50%, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sintered alloy becomes too large to achieve the intended purpose. This is because the coefficient of thermal expansion of non-magnetic metal is, for example, Cu: 16.5×
10 -6 /℃, Al: about 23.6 ×10 -6 /℃, whereas the negative thermal expansion coefficient of antiferromagnetic Cr-based invar type alloy is about -6×10 -6 /℃. This is because if a large amount of non-magnetic metal powder is included, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sintered alloy increases. Next, a method for producing a sintered alloy according to the present invention will be explained. First, antiferromagnetic low expansion Cr used in this invention
All conventionally known methods such as mechanical pulverization, molten metal pulverization, and electrolysis can be used to produce base alloy powder and nonmagnetic metal powder; However, sufficient care must be taken to prevent surface oxidation of the powder, and it is more preferable to reduce the powder before use. The preferred powder particle size here varies somewhat depending on the dimensions of the product, but generally it is about 0.05 to 0.1 mm for antiferromagnetic low expansion alloy powder, and 0.05 mm or less for non-magnetic metal powder as a binder. It is preferable to make it into a fine powder. Further, a suitable powder compacting pressure is about 1 to 50 tons/cm 2 . Further, the sintering atmosphere is preferably a reducing atmosphere such as a vacuum or a hydrogen stream, but if unavoidable, an inert atmosphere may be used. The sintering temperature of the compact is approximately 0.5 to 0.98 of the melting point of the non-magnetic metal as the binder.
Cr-based invar alloy powder and binder powder may become alloyed and the physical properties may change.
It is necessary to control the temperature so that alloying does not occur. When hot working the sintered alloy thus obtained, the working temperature is similar to that of the bulk binder metal, but the working rate is 10% at the initial stage.
% or less and gradually increase the degree of processing, and suitable processing methods include rolling, swaging, pressing, and extrusion. For parts with more complex shapes, the predetermined shape can also be obtained as a finished or semi-finished product by vacuum hot pressing or hot pressing in an inert atmosphere. Examples Examples of the present invention will be described below in comparison with conventional examples. 2.4 kg of an antiferromagnetic Cr-based Invar alloy having a composition of 5.5% Fe-0.5% Mn-bal Cr was melted in a vacuum induction furnace to obtain an ingot of 50 mmφ×100 mml. This ingot was crushed using a vibrating mill to obtain a powder of 100 mesh or less. Next, Cu powder of 100 mesh or less was mixed with this Cr-based Invar alloy powder at a ratio of 5, 10, and 20%, respectively, and the mixture was placed in a 30 mmφ x 30 mmH copper pipe and heated at a pressure of approximately 4 tons/ cm2. Pressure was applied to form a green compact with a height of approximately 15 mm, followed by sintering at 900°C in vacuum, followed by hot rolling at 900°C in the air with a rolling reduction of approximately 50%. The hot workability was also extremely good. Next, samples of 3 mmφ x 5 mml were machined from the obtained hot-rolled material, and there were no cracks or chips in any of them, and the chips were fine and machinability was good. -60°C to 120°C of each rod-shaped sample thus obtained
Figure 1 shows the results of measuring the coefficient of thermal expansion. The figure also shows pure steel and bulk steel for comparison.
We have also shown the results of investigating the coefficient of thermal expansion of Cr-based Invar alloys, but we had no choice but to use 3mm Cr-based Invar alloys due to frequent bends and chips during production using a lathe to a size of 3 mmφ x 50 mml.
It was necessary to use a short sample of φ x 30 mm. As is clear from the results shown in Figure 1, the sintered alloy according to the present invention has a significantly lower thermal expansion coefficient than pure copper, although the coefficient of thermal expansion gradually increases as the content of Cu powder increases. The expansion rate is shown. In this regard, the coefficient of thermal expansion of Cr-based Invar alloys was sufficiently low as that of sintered alloys with 5% Cu powder added, but as mentioned above, such Cr-based Invar alloys have
Hot workability and even machinability were extremely poor. We also investigated the magnetic susceptibility (χ) of each sample obtained in an external magnetic field of 1500 Oe, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

【表】 のとおりであり、この発明に従う焼結合金の磁化
率はいずれも1.5×10-5emu/g以下であつて、
実質的に非磁性といえる。 次に第2図に、Cu粉10%を含む焼結合金の熱
間圧延後の顕微鏡金属組織写真を示す。 同図中、白い粒状のものがCr基インバー合金
粉末で、それらの周りの黒い部分がCuである。
かかるCuは、Cr基インバー合金粉末を薄い均一
な被膜として覆つていて、バインダーとして有効
に作用し、熱間加工性の改善に寄与している。 なおこの発明に従う焼結合金の機械的性質は、
粉末粒度、プレス圧力および焼結温度、時間に大
きく依存するけれども、いずれにしても焼結後の
熱間加工によつて機械的性質は著しく改善され
る。 発明の効果 この発明に従う焼結合金は、磁化率2.0×
10-5emu/g以下でかつ熱膨張係数が±4.0×
10-6/℃以下の非強磁性低膨張型の焼結合金であ
つて、従来この種合金で問題となつていた熱間加
工性、被削性さらには靭性を、コストアツプを招
く不利なしに大幅に改善することができ、有利で
ある。
[Table] shows that the magnetic susceptibility of the sintered alloy according to the present invention is 1.5×10 -5 emu/g or less,
It can be said that it is essentially non-magnetic. Next, FIG. 2 shows a microscopic metal structure photograph of a sintered alloy containing 10% Cu powder after hot rolling. In the figure, the white particles are Cr-based invar alloy powder, and the black parts around them are Cu.
Such Cu covers the Cr-based invar alloy powder as a thin, uniform film, acts effectively as a binder, and contributes to improving hot workability. The mechanical properties of the sintered alloy according to this invention are as follows:
Although highly dependent on powder particle size, pressing pressure and sintering temperature and time, the mechanical properties are in any case significantly improved by hot working after sintering. Effects of the invention The sintered alloy according to this invention has a magnetic susceptibility of 2.0×
10 -5 emu/g or less and thermal expansion coefficient ±4.0×
It is a non-ferromagnetic, low-expansion sintered alloy with a temperature of 10 -6 /℃ or less, and it achieves the hot workability, machinability, and toughness that have traditionally been problems with this type of alloy, without the disadvantages of increasing costs. This can be significantly improved and is advantageous.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は、この発明に従う焼結合金の熱膨張率
について調べた結果を、従来材と比較して示した
グラフ、第2図は、この発明に従う10%Cu粉添
加焼結合金の熱間圧延後における顕微鏡金属組織
写真である。
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the results of an investigation on the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sintered alloy according to the present invention in comparison with conventional materials. It is a microscopic metal structure photograph after rolling.

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]

1 アルミニウム含有量が8〜47重量%の組成域
のクロム−アルミニウム合金から成ることを特徴
とする電気抵抗材料。 2 アルミニウム含有量が8〜47重量%の組成域
のクロム−アルミニウム合金から成る電気抵抗材
料の薄膜を基板上に形成して成ることを特徴とす
る薄膜素子。
1. An electrical resistance material comprising a chromium-aluminum alloy having an aluminum content in the composition range of 8 to 47% by weight. 2. A thin film element comprising a thin film of an electrically resistive material made of a chromium-aluminum alloy having a composition range of 8 to 47% by weight of aluminum, formed on a substrate.

JP2294584A 1984-02-13 1984-02-13 Nonferromagnetic low-expansion sintered alloy Granted JPS60169540A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2294584A JPS60169540A (en) 1984-02-13 1984-02-13 Nonferromagnetic low-expansion sintered alloy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2294584A JPS60169540A (en) 1984-02-13 1984-02-13 Nonferromagnetic low-expansion sintered alloy

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60169540A JPS60169540A (en) 1985-09-03
JPH0457739B2 true JPH0457739B2 (en) 1992-09-14

Family

ID=12096756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2294584A Granted JPS60169540A (en) 1984-02-13 1984-02-13 Nonferromagnetic low-expansion sintered alloy

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60169540A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115323234B (en) * 2022-08-09 2023-08-01 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 Preparation method of nonmagnetic low-expansion chromium-based alloy material

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5222329A (en) * 1975-08-12 1977-02-19 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Method of executing floor material
US4200827A (en) * 1977-06-29 1980-04-29 International Business Machines Corporation Positioning system employing feedforward and feedback control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60169540A (en) 1985-09-03

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