JPH0458087A - Either direction variable delivery pump and variable speed fluid motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate friction and wear between each tip end of vanes and the inner surface of an outer cylinder by supporting vanes at the center shaft of the outer cylinder, so that the wanes are thereby rotated in a vane pump or a motor furnished with a variable capacity mechanism. CONSTITUTION:A shaft 2 is mounted at the center of an outer cylinder 1, and plural vanes 3 are fitted, each of which has a span extended as far as the inner surface 6 of the outer cylinder 1 which is freely rotated around the shaft 2. These vanes 3 are disposed in the radial direction around the shaft 2 by means of a guide inner cylinder 4, so that the vanes are thereby rotated. In this case, each vane is inserted into each hole 9 bored in the outer circumference of the guide inner cylinder 4 in a state that the guide inner cylinder 4 and each vane 3 are held by 2 half moon shaped bars 5. Each vane 3 is thereby constituted to be rotated within a certain angle around each hole 9, and also to be freely moved in the radial, direction.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a vane pump or motor having a variable capacity mechanism. It can be used as a pump with a flow control element that allows the discharge amount to be changed continuously and efficiently from the forward direction to the reverse direction.

2) Contrary to the above, if a constant flow rate of fluid is allowed to flow in, the motor can be used as a variable speed fluid motor whose rotational direction can be easily reversed.

3) By combining 1 and 2 above, it can be used as a continuously variable transmission. For example, if used in an automobile transmission, it can be used as a continuously variable transmission that can quickly switch between forward and reverse modes and has torque conversion characteristics suitable for the engine. Continuously variable transmissions that can convert torque are in high demand in other industrial fields as well, and can be expected to be used in all kinds of fields.

4) In the case of a pump or fluid motor that does not require variable discharge volume or rotational speed, for example, as shown in Fig. 1, the inner guide II (
4) to the right cup and fixed structure, there is no need for a mechanism to slide the sliding block (36), and power transmission to the drive shaft becomes easy, and it can be used with a general positive displacement pump or fluid motor. It can be used as This structure is shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.

[Conventional technology]

There are so-called vane pumps, but the vanes rotate by rubbing against the outer cylinder, the discharge amount can be varied, and the flow direction can be reversed, so none of them can be expected to be highly reliable over the long term.

[FIN to be solved by the present invention] 1) Conventional vane pumps have a structure in which the vanes rotate by rubbing against the outer cylinder, and at high speed rotation, due to centrifugal force, the friction increases.In order to reduce this, requires a light and strong material, and since there is no material that satisfies this requirement,
Efficiency reduction and wear due to friction are unavoidable, and high reliability cannot be expected during long-term operation.In the present invention, basically, the blade (3) and the outer 11 (1) should not be in contact with each other. Therefore, the harmful effects caused by this friction are eliminated.

2) Since the blade (3) and the inner surface of the outer IN (1) are not in contact with each other, the leakage in that area will not be torn, and to reduce this, the blade (3) and the inner surface of the outer cylinder (1) are always connected. By creating a structure that approaches vertically, leakage there is reduced.

3) The flow direction and discharge amount of the fluid in the pump can be changed steplessly without changing the rotation of the drive shaft.

4) When used as a motor, the rotational speed can be changed steplessly when a certain amount of fluid is introduced. Also, the direction of rotation can be easily changed.

5) Increase efficiency by simplifying the fluid flow path and reducing fluid resistance.

[Means to solve the problem]

l) Feather (3) is outside Ill (+) center axis (2)
By creating a structure that rotates around , the gap between the tip of the blade (3) and the inner surface (6) of the outer cylinder (+) can be kept constant at all times. Friction and wear between the secondary and secondary shafts can be eliminated regardless of the rotational speed.

2) The wing (3) has a structure that rotates around the shaft (2) at the center of the outer cylinder (1), so that the tip of the wing (3) and the inner surface (6) of the outer tube (1) ) is always located directly in front of the ground, so the area where they approach each other is not a line but a plane, allowing for a long leakage surface, and various leakage countermeasures such as making the surface on the shoulder side uneven are adopted. I can do it.

3) Inside the guide * When the axis of (4) is in the same position as the center of shaft (2), the amount of fluid carried in the direction of the arrow, sandwiched between the wings and rising as shown in Figure 2. In this case, the amount of fluid carried downward in the direction of arrow B is the same, and is only stirred by the blades, and there is no fluid going in or out of this device as a whole.

Next, when the axis of the guide inner cylinder (4) is moved to the left side from the center of the shaft (2) as shown in Fig. 3, the amount of fluid carried in the direction of the arrow is Since the distance between the inner surface (6) of the inner guide tube (4) and the outer surface of the guide inner cylinder (4) is narrower, the distance is reduced compared to the case shown in FIG.

On the other hand, the amount of fluid carried in the direction of arrow B increases in the opposite direction based on the same concept. Therefore, the total flow of fluid in and out of this device is the difference between the direction of arrow entry and the direction of arrow B, and flows from top to bottom.

Next, when the axis of the guide inner cylinder (4) is moved to the right side from the center of the shaft (2) as shown in Fig. 1, the amount of fluid carried in the direction of the arrow is The distance between the inner surface (6) of the inner guide tube (4) and the outer surface of the guide inner cylinder (4) is increased compared to the case shown in FIG. 2.

On the other hand, the amount of fluid carried in the direction of arrow B decreases based on the same idea. Therefore, the total flow of fluid into and out of this device is the difference between the direction of arrow entry and the direction of arrow B, and flows from bottom to top.

Based on this principle, by moving the axis of the guide Ill (4) to the left and right from the center of the shaft (2), the direction and flow rate of the fluid passing through this device can be changed steplessly.

On the other hand, based on the above principle, if a constant amount of fluid is allowed to flow in, a fluid motor can be obtained in which the direction of rotation and the number of rotations can be varied.

[Effect]

Although there are actually losses such as leakage loss, fluid loss, and mechanical loss in the device configured as described above, for the sake of explaining the principle, it will be assumed for now that there are no such losses.

First, as shown in Figure 2, the inner guide II+ (4) is
), the discharge gS (upper 11 in Figure 2)
Even if there is pressure at the pump, the amount of work to pump the pump in the direction indicated by the arrow from the suction side (lower side in Figure 2) requires the product of the pumped amount and the pressure difference.

On the other hand, in the direction of arrow B, it is the opposite, and due to the pressure difference, the wing (3)
is pushed down and returned to the suction side, the work done is the product of the pressure difference and the amount returned. Guide W (4)
is at the center of the outer 111 (+), so the guide inner cylinder (4)
and r:'IFil of the inner surface (6) of the outer 111 (1) are symmetrical and equal in both arrow A and arrow B directions, so the amount pumped up and the amount returned are equal, and the pressure difference is the same, so pumping and The amount of work when returning is the same, so the amount of work to drive the guide inner cylinder is zero.

Next, if the shaft (8) of the inner guide till (4) is moved slightly to the right, the gap between the inner guide cylinder r (4) and the inner surface (6) of the outer cylinder (1) + 7 will become wider in the direction of arrow A. , becomes narrower on the side in the direction of arrow B. Therefore, the amount of work for Al11 increases,
The amount of work on side B decreases. Even in this case, the amount of work that is returned to the suction side is recovered. Conventional positive displacement pump (
When adjusting the flow rate with a gear pump (for example, a gear pump), the pressurized fluid is returned to the suction side using a pressure valve, so energy is not recovered here.In comparison, this device recovers energy when returning the excess amount to the suction side. There are characteristics that should be emphasized in the place you are going.

〔Example〕

1) An example of the assembly configuration will be explained with reference to the drawings. Fig. 8 is an assembled sectional view of this device. (3) The four bearings (7) are connected to the shaft (2
), the four blades are installed at different positions so that they do not overlap.Also, the blade bearing (7) is a sliding bearing in the illustration, but a ball bearing can also be used). Natsu (20) on the frame (17)
) is tightened and installed. Rear frame (17) is Pol) (18) Out with 12! Tighten to ff (1) and seal.
is attached by an O-ring (22).

On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 6, inside guide 1i (4) is Wl & shaft (8).
Insert this drive shaft (8) into the drive shaft movement hole (16) of the front frame shown in Fig. 7, then 11!8 c-c
' Zero-order sliding block (36) that press-fits the inner ring of the Taber roller bearing (27) into the drive shaft (8) as shown in the cross section.
After inserting the shaft seal (28), the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing (27) is press-fitted, and the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing (29) is press-fitted from the opposite side.

Insert the sliding block (36) assembled so far into the drive shaft (8) inserted into the drive shaft movement hole (16) of any front frame, then the Taber roller bearing (29).
) into the drive shaft (8), and then attach the bearing fixing ring (34) to the bearing fixing ring screw (1).
1), then insert the 7 outer bearing retainer ring (35) and oil seal case (30) and screw in the retainer (31). Tighten the 8 bolts (26) to attach the sliding block (36) to the front frame (12). At this stage, the copper surface of the guide inner cylinder (4) and the front frame (12) will not be sliding against each other and there will be a slight gap. After confirming that it rotates smoothly and that the finger block slides smoothly, use two half-moon rods (5) to each of the four blades attached to which outer cylinder (1). Sandwich the guide inner cylinder outer circumferential hole (
9) Insert into 4 pieces.

Next, attach the outer illumination (1) and front frame (12) with the bolts (
23) Attach the nine screws. Next, leave the finger block moving screw shaft (41), nut, and holder (42) in a standing position as shown in Figure 5, and attach the snap ring (43) to the sliding block.
Connect the nut and bracket (42) with the remaining pole)
(23) It is assembled in a manner of 0 or more that is tightened and fixed with three pieces, and has a structure that allows the guide inner cylinder (4) to be moved and fixed to any position in the sliding direction by turning the handle (40). Place H.

2) Structure of the tip of the wing The diagram shows an example of the shape of the tip of the wing (3).If the surface is made uneven, fluid will leak through the gap between the inner surface of the outer cylinder (6) and the tip of the wing (3). This has the effect of disturbing the flow of water and increasing the flow resistance.

Figure 10 shows a leak reduction structure in which independent rectangular small holes are arranged in a staggered manner to prevent leakage from flowing laterally in the direction of leakage, compared to the case where long grooves are formed.

Also, as shown in Figure 1, the tip of the wing (3) can be made longer in the rotational direction, increasing the leakage creepage length and increasing the leakage resistance.

a) The sealing structure layer (3) of the wing (3) and the half-moon bar (5) is subjected to force due to the pressure difference between the fluid on the front and back sides of the wing (3), and is also subjected to the movement of insertion and removal with respect to the guide inner cylinder (4). and rotate, albeit at a narrow angle.

This is held in place by two half-moon bars and four holes (9) on the outer periphery of the guide inner cylinder.

Leakage in this part can be reduced by improving finishing accuracy, but there is a limit due to economic considerations. As shown in Figure 10, 111 or 2 gaskets are provided in the half-moon rod and the outer peripheral hole (9) of the guide inner cylinder (one in the explanatory diagram), and the structure is sealed with a gasket made of soft or solid material and a spring. Regarding the details of this part, - As shown in Fig. 12 or 13, insert a sliding seal piece into the groove and use a spring to constantly push it toward the half-moon bar or shoulder plate. In addition, sealing performance is improved by always making sure they are in close contact. In Fig. 13, a soft seal piece such as rubber or Teflon is used, and a foot is attached to it to serve as a spring, and the elasticity of this piece is used for sealing.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

1) The structure in which the blades are supported and rotated by the central axis of the outer cylinder eliminates friction and wear between the tips of the blades and the inner surface of the outer cylinder, and the blade tips and the inner surface of the outer cylinder can be brought close to each other on a surface, reducing leaks. In addition, the streamlines in this device are simple and have little fluid resistance, which makes it possible to manufacture highly reliable pumps or fluid motors that can operate at high speeds with high efficiency.

2) By moving the guide inner cylinder (4), the flow direction and flow rate can be varied steplessly.

3) By combining this pump and motor, it is possible to produce a continuously variable transmission that can continuously vary from forward rotation to reverse rotation and also has torque conversion.

4) Guide inner cylinder (4) Fixed at one point in the above sliding range is variable and can be used as a positive displacement pump or fluid motor with the above advantages, except that it is not.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 111 is an explanatory diagram of the principle, with the guide inner cylinder on the right. Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of the principle, and when the guide inner cylinder is in the center, Figure 3 is the original I.
I! When the guide inner cylinder is on the left in the explanatory diagram, Fig. 4: Side outline of the device Fig. 5: Front outline view and A-A' sectional view of Fig. 4 Fig. 6: External view of the guide inner cylinder Fig. 7: External shape of the front frame Figure 8 Assembly diagram of the device 1!9 Figure 9 Explanation of sealing method for the blade Figure 10 Arrangement of turbulent flow holes on the surface of the blade Figure 11 Between the sides when the leak length of the blade is increased 12
Explanatory diagram of the seal structure of the regenerative moon rod J113 Figure 113 Cross-sectional view in the case of a soft seal piece 14th factor Example 1 where the sliding part of the guide inner cylinder is eliminated and fixed Figure 15 Example 2 where the sliding part of the guide inner cylinder is eliminated and fixed Outer cylinder Outer cylinder center shaft feather Guide Inner cylinder half-moon rod Bearing of outer cylinder inner blade Drive shaft (guide inner cylinder shaft) Guide Inner cylinder outer circumference hole Guide Inner cylinder reinforcement rib Bearing screw for fixing ring Front frame Screw hole for front frame fixing bolt (12 pieces) Screw hole seal groove for sliding block push bolt Rear frame rear frame fixing bolt (12 pieces) Washer 2 for same as above. Outer cylinder center axis fixing nut Outer cylinder center axis fixing nut Washer ○Ring Front frame fixing bolt (12 pcs) Washer for the above Sliding block push Sliding block push bolt Taber roller bearing shaft seal Taber roller bearing Oil seal case Retainer both round Key O-ring bearing fixed ring Outer bearing Push ring Sliding block 0 ring Suction side flange Discharge side flange Sliding block moving handle Sliding block moving Screw shaft Same as above Shaft bracket Bin Half-moon keyaki seal Wing seal Wing seal Sheep moon stick seal Outer cylinder Turbulence hole on the surface of the vane close to the inner surface Spring hole Spring hole Seal piece Seal surface Soft body seal piece Soft body seal piece foot Fixed Bearing block Same as above Fixing bolts (8 pieces) Bearing block fixing bolts (8 pieces) Bearing block bearing Outer cover Coupling key Oil seal bearing nut Grease nipple Ball bearing Bearing case Thrust fixed pipe Thrust fixed bolt Ball bearing Grease nipple Bearing Inner cover seal Presser Gland seal Creepage length of the surface of the vane adjacent to the inner surface of the outer cylinder Close to the inner surface of the outer cylinder Creepage length of the wing surface Figure 5 ↓J box Figure 11

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) A shaft (2) is attached to the center of the outer cylinder (1), and wings (3) of a length reaching the inner surface (6) of the outer cylinder (1) rotate freely around this shaft. ) Attach several pieces (the explanatory diagram shows four pieces). The vanes (3) are radially arranged and rotated about the axis (2) by the guide inner tube (4). Guide inner tube (4) and wing (
3) is sandwiched between two half-moon rods (5), and the inner guide cylinder (4)
) is inserted into the hole (9) made on the outer periphery of the hole (9). Therefore, the wing (3) has a structure in which it can be rotated at a certain angle around the hole (9) and can be freely inserted and removed in the radial direction. On the other hand, the guide inner cylinder (4) has bearings (27) (29) attached to the sliding block (36) so that it can move relative to the outer cylinder (1) (approximately horizontally in the diagram explaining the principle). is supported by The sliding block (36) can be moved and fixed at any position by a jack mechanism such as a hydraulic cylinder or a threaded rod. A pump or fluid motor device having the above structure. 2) A pump or fluid motor device that has a structure in which the mechanism in which the guide inner tube (4) and the outer tube (1) relatively slide is removed from the above device and is fixed at a certain position. 3) Structure of the tip of the wing The tip of the wing (3) and the inner surface (6) of the outer cylinder (1) are always positioned perpendicularly, and L2 in Fig. 11, with the area where the two approach each other as a surface, is made long. Structure: A leak-reducing structure with an uneven surface, similar to the staggered arrangement of turbulence holes in Figure 10. 4) Seal structure of wing and half-moon bar Wing (3) and half-moon bar (5)
In order to seal the sliding part between the half-moon bar (5) and the outer peripheral hole (9) of the guide inner cylinder, as shown in Fig. 9, the half-moon bar (5) is
) side, and as shown in Fig. 12, seal piece (53) (
A seal structure in which a soft body such as Teflon, or a solid such as carbon or metal is pressed by a spring, and the legs (56) are attached to the soft body seal piece (55) without using a spring (51) as shown in Fig. 13. A seal structure that replaces a spring.