JPH0463392A - Method of manufacturing three-dimensional display unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a three-dimensional display by photographing an object from a lot of perspective diagrams, preparing a die while using the projected diagram, forming a pre-distroted image on a thermoplastic flat sheet and thermally forming the sheet on the die of the object. CONSTITUTION: Plural perspective diagrams of a three-dimensional object 41 on a horizontal plane 40 are photographed by main and slave cameras 43-46. Next, the plural two-dimensional perspective diagrams of the object are projected on a work surface 40 from which the object 41 is removed. Then, a stereoscopic form die 56 of the threedimensional object is prepared and formed on the work surface 40 so that the projected images can be exactly coincident. Next, the sheet of thermally formable plastic is formed on the die. Afterwards, the image is moved onto a regular two-dimensional grid surface. Then, the predistorted image is printed on the thermally formable plastic sheet and thermally formed on the stereoscopic form die 56.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to display devices, and more particularly to a method of forming a display device having a three-dimensional appearance to provide striking visual effects.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Advertising displays and posters often reproduce objects for sale in a two-dimensional appearance with photographic precision. Such advertising displays and posters would be suitable for displays in places where buying and selling takes place, billboards, displays in shopping streets, displays in homes, etc.

Thermoforming techniques have been used to some extent in the past to create low relief three-dimensional displays, or in conjunction with photographic imaging. However, due to the distortions involved in converting a -dimensional image to a three-dimensional object and vice versa, the results obtained with the above thermoforming techniques may be unimpressive. Ta.

There are three main types of distortion that occur when a 2D image obtained from a single (primary) viewpoint is thermally deformed onto a 3D terrain. Only one of these three types of distortion is partially addressed by the technology available today. The effect of the spread and flow of the color border of lettering is
It has long been known, and has long been partially modified, that plastics are thermally deformed over terrain types. However, it has become clear that such modification methods are not accurate enough to create detailed three-dimensional display devices. Furthermore, the other two types of distortion are
It is equally important for methods of converting from two to three dimensions, especially when incorporating photographic rather than purely pictorial images into three-dimensional images.

The second type of distortion, known as varalex distortion or chiaroscuro, occurs when areas of a one-dimensional object cannot be recorded on a two-dimensional photograph because they are occluded by the line of sight from the primary viewpoint or even by some part of the dimensional object. After vacuum forming the two-dimensional image onto the three-dimensional mold, these areas of the final image are filled with information from adjacent areas by stretching a sheet of heat-deformable plastic.
This results in a severe type of turbulence.

A third type of distortion, known as foreshortening, occurs when regions of a three-dimensional object that make acute angles to the primary viewpoint are visually compressed and photographed on two-dimensional film. When the resulting image is vacuum formed onto a terrain mold, the visually compressed information is It is not large enough to fully fill the area of the obtained topography.

The problems described above have traditionally been overcome using one of two methods. The effects of foreshortening and varalex distortions have been minimized by reducing the amount of relief in the three-dimensional mold so that the distortion is substantially reduced, or at most the area of sharp, clear relief. The effect of elongation on the contours and position of embossed letters and pure color borders is similar to the effect of elongation on the contours and position of embossed letters and pure color boundaries. I have been able to overcome this by drawing. The sheet is then heat flattened and the resulting rough contours and locations are drawn using an overlay grid.

[Invention or Problem to be Solved] According to the present invention, the conventional basic technique of correcting distortions is expanded by projecting multiple perspective images of the original three-dimensional object onto a topographic correction surface. A method is provided for developing and improving the method. This allows the resulting vacuum-formed image to have a perfect relief of the original object without distortion, with all visual information in its correct position.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Broadly speaking, the present invention provides a method for forming a plurality of contoured images from a portion of an image printed on a screen corresponding to a target object. Photograph the object from a perspective view, use the projection view of the object to create an accurate mold of the object, form a distorted image on a flat sheet of thermoplastic, and place mold parts within the object's outline. A method of forming a display device is provided, the method comprising thermally deforming the sheet onto a mold comprising a mold.

[Example] Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a three-dimensional object 1, in which the position of image details consisting of a surface 3.5 that is completely visible from above and a surface 7 that is compressed when viewed from above is shown. It is shown. As stated above in the Background of the Invention, the area 5.7 of the object 1 is subject to parallax and perspective foreshortening in a two-dimensional image from a vertical viewpoint.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section showing a two-dimensional perspective image of the two-dimensional object 1 obtained by 4H+ from three perspective images of the stomach using lenses 9, 11, and 13. The thing that makes me nervous is the statue of Mitsugu.
+5.17. It is expressed as +9. Arrow 21 indicates lens 9. II, I am looking at the optical path passing through +3.

Each photographic image 15.17.19 shows distortion due to parallax and perspective foreshortening; the location and degree of that distortion, depending on the fidgety perspective view of object 1, is noted. Will.

Figure 3 shows an accurate three-dimensional model 2 of the three-dimensional object 1 (Figure 1).
1 shows a plurality of two-dimensional images+5.17.19 or schematic cross-sections of re-projected areas. In this figure, the projector 23.25.27 is adapted to project an image +5.17° 19 through the lens 9.11.13, reconstructing a three-dimensional image on the volumetric surface 21 by means of fidgeting.

It will be noted that all image details 3, 5.7 are reprojected to their exact positions without distortion.

The invention will now be explained in more detail by means of its preferred embodiments. As shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), a plurality of perspective images of the seven-dimensional object 41 in the horizontal direction 40 are obtained by the perspective camera 42 and the secondary cameras 43 to 43 shown in FIG. 4(a). Photographed by 46. Follow camera 43
46 are provided at points that form an angle of 45° with the line of sight axis of the main camera 42 and equally divide the circumference of the main camera 42 into four. For ease of explanation, camera 42 is not shown in FIG. 4(b).

The congruent symbols on the line of sight shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) indicate that the cameras 42 to 46 are at a constant distance and at a predetermined angle with respect to the three-dimensional object 41. The preferred embodiment shown herein is 45°90°, 135°
Angles in ° are shown. However, in practice, the number, distance, and angle of cameras can be determined by the size and three-dimensional complexity of the object. Once determined, the exact location of the camera and object is fixed and recorded.

In this manner, as described with respect to FIG. 2, the plurality of cameras 42-46 photograph the object 41 to provide a plurality of two-dimensional perspective images of the object.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b), a plurality of two-dimensional perspective images of the object described above are projected onto the work surface 40F from which the object 41 has been removed. In this regard, the ten projectors 51 and the sub projectors 52, 53, 54, 55 use matched optical systems to obtain the same predetermined images as the cameras 42 to 46 in FIG. 4(b). It is constructed using angles and distances.

A three-dimensional form 56 (outline indicated by dashed lines) of the dimensional object is created and formed on the workpiece surface 40 in such a way that it exactly corresponds to the projected image. The mold 56 can be made by hand, or more practically, by making a mold from the original object 41 (for example, by making a plaster mold).

All optics, distances and angles of the projectors 51-55 are perfectly matched to the camera configuration used to photograph many of the appearances in Figs 4a, 4b.

Once the shape mold 56 is made to fit the projected image,
If the image contains a back shadow that is deeper than what is possible with thermoforming, reduce the carving of the back shadow and widen the projection angle to reduce the carving of the back shadow and create a shallow back shadow. Or maybe it will be fixed. At this time, the origin of the projection from the projector 51 is used as the main reference, and the second projection from the projector 5255 is used as a region with information loss caused by lines that obstruct the field of view with respect to the projection origin.

Next, a sheet of thermoformable plastic or Figs.
As shown in 6a and 6b, it is molded on a mold. In particular, thermoformable plastic sheet 61 is formed over profile mold 56 by thermoforming equipment shown at 62 . Thermoforming system 62 includes a heater 63, a hydraulic mold lift surface 64 for supporting the shape, a vacuum pump 65, and a vacuum seal 66, all assembled according to conventional techniques. 6a6b, the thermoformable plastic sheet 61 can be printed with a grid pattern or square array (F
ig 7b), it is well known that it is distorted due to stretching and deformation of the PlusDeck sheet.

The appearance of the object is projected onto a thermoformed gridded sheet 61. At this time, the same optical device as described above with reference to Figs. 5a and 5b or Figs. 7a and 7b
used as illustrated in . By this, Fj
As shown by reference numeral 71 in g7b, a three-dimensional image without distortion is created even for the superimposed distorted clit pattern. This distortion of the quat pattern is caused by the stretching of the plastic during thermoforming and the vertical separation of the crit pattern from the horizontal plane.

Image 71 is then transferred (point by point relative to the distorted clit pattern of sheet 61) to a normal (undistorted) two-dimensional grid plane 80. This means that the pre-distorted image 81 is superimposed on the regular grid button 80.

This image movement is achieved by several means.

According to one approach, numbered coordinates are assigned in detail for each point on the projected three-dimensional surface 71 and carefully plotted or painted onto the two-dimensional reference grid 80 .

Using this plot, a ten fth strained image of a thermoformable plastic sheet is printed and the Figs.
Shape mold 56 using the apparatus described above with reference to 5a and 6b.
thermoformed on top. Original object 41 (Figs 4
A three-dimensional image (display tool) similar to a, 4b) is finally obtained.

According to the second attempt, a Hiteoscanner (not shown) is connected to the cameras 42-46 in order to scan a plurality of observed images of the object 41, digitize them, and import them into a computer.
may be connected to. Multiple images of thermoformed grid 61 are photographed and digitized. At that time, Fi
As shown in gs 7a, 7b, the same angle, distance,
A matched optical system is also used to create multiple photographic images of the original. Next, from the same settings, an undistorted photo of the clit 80 would be scanned and digitized.

When attempting to solve a problem at the same level using two perspective views at the same time, each point on the twisted grid 61 is superimposed by the computer on a corresponding point in the untwisted grid 80 scanned from the same perspective view. It is possible to construct a moving vector towards a point. The computer can create moving vectors to correct the original scanned perspective view on a pixel by pixel basis to these new positions on the scanned regular array 80. These eight corrected images would be exactly the same except for areas where there is no information due to visual line obstructions in each view. These multiple views are combined to compensate for blank areas or lack of information there.

The resulting two-dimensional combined image is
It can be printed onto a thermoformable plastic sheet and then thermoformed onto a mold 56 over the original topography as shown in the apparatus of Figures 6a and 6b.

According to another first embodiment of the invention, multiple perspective views of the object 41 are photographed using corresponding optics from predetermined angles and distances, as described above with respect to FIGS. 4a and 4b. It will be done. With respect to the preferred embodiments described above, camera 42
The number and position of 46 are determined by the complexity of the three-dimensional array 41. The multiple perspective views are projected onto the work surface 40 using comparable optics, original angles and positions, as described for FIGS. 5a and 5b, to create a topographical mold 56 of the three-dimensional object. It is created by matching the projected image as described above.

However, in another embodiment, the heat-resistant emulsion is
As shown, it is coated with an optically clear thermoformable material. More specifically, the plastic sheet 9
1 is coated with a liquid emulsion coating 92 provided by means of a thin plate roller 93.

The thermoformable material 91 can then be coated with an opaque, removable coating, such as a reflector (trade name Mirrortom) by means of the apparatus shown with respect to FIG. More particularly, the plastic sheet 9] is
Further, by means of the thin plate roller 102, the mirror tom 1
Coated with 01.

Sheet 91 is then thermoformed onto topographic mold 56 using the apparatus of Figures 6a and 6b.

Thus, the opaque layer +01 is coated with sheet 91 in a dark room, and the emulsion coated thermoformed plastic sheet is applied to the object according to the arrangement of FIGS. 5a and 5b or 7a and 7b. exposed using the original perspective view.

As in other embodiments, the step of using the opaque coating 101 can be omitted and the steps of thermoforming the sheet onto the topographic mold and exposing the emulsion can be performed in the dark.

The photosensitive emulsion 92 may be either positive or negative. When a negative emulsion is used, Figures 12a and 12.
Using the apparatus depicted in figure b, the thermoformed flat surface results in a negative. The apparatus of Figures 12a and 12b is similar to the apparatus of Figures 6a and 6b except that an additional flat surface 120 is used.

The negative 91 is stretched and the resulting image is printed on silk,
Pre-twisted images are typically created on conventional thermoplastic sheets by lithography or conventional photography. The statue is
It is then thermoformed into a topographic mold 56 to create a three-dimensional image corresponding to the original object 41.

If the emulsion is positive, the sheet is thermoformed and after exposure the image is stretched directly without flattening by heat to create the final three-dimensional photographic print.

Modifications and variations may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the following claims.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional specimen showing the position of graphic details, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a method showing the two-dimensional mapping of the three-dimensional specimen shown in Fig. 1 viewed from three directions, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a method for expressing a plurality of two-dimensional mappings projected onto the map correction mold of the three-dimensional specimen shown in Figure 1;
Figures (a) and (b) are a cross-sectional view and a plan view, respectively, of a multidirectional overhead track imaging device for a three-dimensional specimen according to the present preferred embodiment;
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are cross-sectional views and plan views of a multidirectional track projection device for a three-dimensional specimen map correction mold configuration onto a work surface according to a preferred embodiment; FIGS. 6(a) and (b) are b) is a diagram showing the two implementation steps of the thermoformed plastic sheet covering the map correction mold, FIGS. 7(a) and (b)
are a cross-sectional view and a plan view, respectively, of an overhead eyelid projection device on a thermoformed plastic grid of an original specimen according to a preferred embodiment;
FIG. 8 shows an undistorted two-dimensional image according to a preferred embodiment.
FIG. 9, a plan view of a distorted two-dimensional map on a point-by-point undistorted Gsott pattern, shows a means for applying a photosensitizer to a thermoformed plastic sheet according to another embodiment of the invention; Figures 10 and 10 show means for overlaying a coating on thermoformed plastic coated with a photosensitizer, in accordance with said other embodiment, and Figure 11 shows, in accordance with said other embodiment,
Cross-sectional view of a device that projects an overhead view of an original specimen onto a thermoformed plastic sheet coated with a photosensitizer, Figure 12 (a)
, (b) is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for thermally flattening a plastic sheet covering a flat surface. 1...Three-dimensional specimen, 3.5.7...Graphic details, 9
．． 11.13...Lens, +5.17.19...Lens, 21...Arrow, 23,25.27...Projector, 40...Work surface, 41... ... three-dimensional specimen, 42 ... -order camera, 43, ~46 ... -order camera, 51 ... -order projector, 52, -55 ... -order projector, 56...Map correction mold, 61...Thermoforming plastic sheet, 62...
・Thermoforming system, 63...Heater, 64...Mold pushing surface, 65...Vacuum pump, 66...Vacuum seal, 71...Image, 80... Regular array grid, 81... Distorted image, 91... Aged plastic sheet, 92...
- Photosensitive agent, 101... Mylar sheet, 102... Roller.

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) Using a plurality of cameras, the plurality of cameras are oriented at predetermined positions with respect to each other and the three-dimensional object to take multiple perspective views of the three-dimensional object; projecting multiple perspective views of the object onto a flat work surface using a projector to reproduce a three-dimensional image of the object, and forming a three-dimensional topographic mold to precisely match the projected image. and thermoforming a first sheet of thermoformable plastic having a first grid pattern on its surface and overlying the mold, the thermoforming step forming a grid pattern on the mold. distorting the grid pattern by elongation and vertical displacement of the object; reproducing the three-dimensional image superimposed on the distorted grid pattern by projecting a figure;
transferring the image onto a second undistorted grid pattern in two dimensions, predistorting the image during transfer, and transferring the predistorted image from the undistorted grid pattern in two dimensions to a thermoformed plastic. A method of producing a three-dimensional display device, comprising transferring onto one or more additional sheets and successively thermoforming the additional sheets on the mold to produce a three-dimensional display device. (2) The transferring and transferring step specifies numbered coordinates for each point of the three-dimensional image projected onto the distorted grid pattern, and generates the pre-distorted image. displaying each said numbered coordinate in a corresponding position on a second grid pattern of said predistorted image on said one or more additional sheets of thermoformed plastic; 2. The method of claim 1, comprising: (3) scanning and digitally converting the multiple perspective views of the object and inputting them into a computer; scanning and digitally converting additional multiple perspective views of the distorted first grid pattern according to the predetermined position; further scanning and digitally converting additional multiple perspective views of the undistorted second grating pattern according to the predetermined positions on the distorted first digital grating pattern; generating a plurality of motion vectors for each point of the three-dimensional image projected onto the digital multiple perspective view of the object to a corresponding position on the second digital grid pattern with respect to the successive multiple perspective views; using a motion vector of to transfer the image from the distorted first grid pattern to the undistorted second grid pattern;
generating the pre-distorted image; and applying the pre-distorted image to a piece of thermoformed plastic.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is printed on more than one sheet. (4) Using a plurality of cameras, the plurality of cameras are oriented at predetermined positions with respect to each other and the three-dimensional object to take multiple perspective views of the three-dimensional object; projecting multiple perspective views of the object onto a flat work surface using a projector to reproduce a three-dimensional image of the object, and forming a three-dimensional topographic mold to precisely match the projected image. are lifted onto the work surface, coating a heat-resistant, positive-grade photoresist onto a translucent sheet of thermoformed plastic, thermoforming the sheet onto the mold, and oriented each in position. projecting the multiple perspective views of the object onto a sheet of thermoformed plastic coated with the photoresist using a plurality of projectors to expose the photoresist with the three-dimensional image; and the three-dimensional display A method of producing a three-dimensional display device, comprising developing the photoresist film to produce the device. (5) Using a plurality of cameras, the plurality of cameras are oriented at predetermined positions with respect to each other and the three-dimensional object to take multiple perspective views of the three-dimensional object; projecting multiple perspective views of the object onto a flat work surface using a projector to reproduce a three-dimensional image of the object, and forming a three-dimensional topographic mold to precisely match the projected image. lifting onto the work surface, coating a heat-resistant, negative photoresist onto a translucent sheet of thermoformed plastic; thermoforming the sheet onto the mold; using a projector to project the multiple perspective views of the object onto a sheet of thermoformed plastic coated with the photoresist to expose the photoresist with the three-dimensional image; developing the photosensitive film to produce a negative; flattening the sheet and the image negative to produce a predistorted negative of the image; and depositing the film on one or more additional sheets of thermoformable plastic. To,
A method of producing a three-dimensional display device, comprising: printing the pre-distorted image from the negative; and thermoforming the one or more additional sheets on the mold to produce the display device. (6) A display device comprising a thermoformable plastic sheet having a topographic surface representing a three-dimensional object and a predistorted two-dimensional image applied to project the object onto the topographic surface, the display device comprising: A display device in which the image is pre-distorted to eliminate the effects of stretching and flow of the plastic during thermoforming and the effects of parallax and pre-foreshortening.