JPH0467066A - Charging member - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application 1] The present invention relates to a charging member, and particularly to a charging member used for primary charging, transfer charging, and static elimination charging in electrophotography.

[Prior Art] The charging process in an electrophotographic process using an electrophotographic photoreceptor has conventionally applied a high voltage (DC) to a metal wire.
5 to 8 kV) is applied, and charging is performed by the generated corona. However, with this method, corona products such as ozone and NoX change the surface of the photoreceptor when corona occurs, causing blurring and deterioration of the image, and dirt on the wire affects the image quality, resulting in white spots and thick streaks in the image. There were other problems. On the other hand, in terms of electric power, only 5 to 30% of the current flows to the photoreceptor, and most of it flows to the shield plate, making it ineffective as a charging means.

In order to compensate for these deficiencies, many direct charging methods have been researched and proposed (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 57178267, No. 104351/1983, No. 58/4
No. 0566, JP-A-58-139156, JP-A-58-150975, etc.) However, in reality, even if the photoreceptor is charged by the contact charging method as described above, the surface of the photoreceptor remains unchanged. Each part is not uniformly charged, resulting in spotty uneven charging. For example, in the reversal development method, even if a process below photoimage exposure is applied to a photoconductor with spotty charging unevenness, the output image will be a spotty black dot image corresponding to the spotty charging unevenness, whereas in the regular development method, the output image will be a spotty black dot image corresponding to the spotty charging unevenness. In contrast to the unevenness, the image becomes a speckled white dot image, making it impossible to obtain a high-quality image.

Further, although there are many proposals for the direct charging method, there is no market experience at all. The reason for this is the uniformity of charging,
Examples of such problems include the occurrence of discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor due to direct voltage application. For example, in the case of a cylindrical photoreceptor, there is a drawback that the entire axial charge flows to the breakdown point due to discharge dielectric breakdown, and the photoconductor is no longer charged.

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention j] In order to prevent this dielectric breakdown, a method of forming a resin layer on the surface has also been reported (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 120518 and No. 1-211779).

However, these materials also have large fluctuations in resistance at low temperatures, unstable charging properties, and when used in contact with an organic photoreceptor, the resins on the surfaces of the organic photoreceptor and charging member may interact with each other. It had defects such as melting and sticking.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a charging device that can solve the above-mentioned drawbacks and stably supply high-quality images without causing spot fog due to non-uniform charging or image defects due to discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor. The goal is to provide parts.

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides a charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, wherein the conductive elastic layer has 5 carbon atoms.
This is a charging member characterized by having a layer containing the above aliphatic alcohol.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

The charging member of the present invention has a conductive elastic layer 2 provided on a conductive support 1a as shown in FIG.
On top, a layer 3 containing an aliphatic alcohol having 5 or more carbon atoms.
The basic form is a three-layer structure with .

In the present invention, aliphatic alcohols having 5 or more carbon atoms include not only -hydric alcohols but also dihydric alcohols (glycols).
, aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as trihydric (glycerin),
Primary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, etc. can be used regardless of the series of carbon atoms to which hydroxyl groups are bonded or the presence or absence of unsaturated bonds in the molecule. aliphatic
The alcohol preferably has 10 to 25 carbon atoms, and specific examples include n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, n-hexyl alcohol, n-hebutyl alcohol, Pentamethyl alcohol, n-octyl alcohol, n-nonyl alcohol, decyl alcohol, undecyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, n
-Alcohols such as eicosyl alcohol, n-docosanol, ceryl alcohol, n-oftacosyl alcohol, n-1-lyacontyl alcohol, and mericyl alcohol are exemplified, but in the present invention, in particular, decyl alcohol, undecyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol,
It is preferable to use a higher aliphatic alcohol having 10 or more carbon atoms, such as myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, n-eicosyl alcohol, n-docosanol, and ceryl alcohol.

As the aliphatic dihydric alcohol, those having 5 or more carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, are used, and specific examples of these compounds include 1,2-bentanediol, 2,
3-bentanediol, thre.

2,3-bentanediol, orythro-2,3-
Bentanediol, 3-methyl-1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol, pinacol 524-bentanediol, 2-methyl-2,4- Butanediol, 2
-Methyl-2,4-bentanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-bentanediol, hexamethyltrimethylene glycol, 2.2-dimethyltrimethylene glycol, 2.2-dimethyltrimethylene glycol,
2,2-dimethyl-1,3-butanediol, 2.2
-dimethyl-1,3-bentanediol, tetramethylene glycol, 2.2.4-trimethyl-1,3-bentanediol, γ-pentylene gelicol, 2-methyl-2,5-bentanediol, 3-methyl- 2,5-bentanediol, 14-hexanediol, 2.5-
Hexanediol, 2.5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol, pentamethylene glycol, 1.5-hexanediol, pentamethylene glycol, 1.5
-hexanediol, hexamethylene glycol, 1
．． 7-hebutanediol, 1.8-octanediol, 1.9-nonanediol, 1.10-decanediol, 1.11-undecanediol, ■, 12-dodecanediol, 113-tridecanediol, ], ] 4-
Examples include alcohols such as tetradecanediol, 1.12-octadecanediol, and 1.18-octadecanediol.

Furthermore, a binder resin may be added to layer 3.

Examples of the binder resin in layer 3 include acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyarylate, polycarbonate, phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinylpyridine.

Conventional charging members have surfaces made of rubber or polyurethane, so if they come into contact with an electrophotographic photoreceptor, the photoreceptor and charging member may stick together, or if the surface is hard, wrinkles may occur. This caused image defects.

On the other hand, the charging member of the present invention having a layer containing an aliphatic alcohol having 5 or more carbon atoms has less adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor and is flexible, so it can provide high-quality images and toner particles. There is little dirt, and the volume resistivity of the layer has little variation even under low temperature and low humidity conditions, so it can be used as a stable charging member.

The thickness of the resin layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 500 μm, particularly 20 to 200 μm.

The stretchable layer 2 is made of metals such as aluminum, iron, copper, etc., conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, etc., rubber or plastic elastomer treated to be conductive by dispersing carbon, metal, etc., or the surface of rubber or plastic elastomer. It is possible to use a material coated with a laminate of metal or other conductive material.

Moreover, this elastic layer 2 may have a multilayer structure with separate functions as required. As the conductive support 1a,
Iron, copper, stainless steel, etc. can be used.

Further, as in the second section, a protective layer 4 may be provided on the surface of the charging member to protect the charging member. This protective layer is formed of a resin layer, and insoluble resin powder 5 may be mixed therein to control the conductivity and the surface roughness of the charging member.

In the case of a blade-shaped charging member as shown in FIG. 3, a conductive elastic layer 2 is provided on the conductive sheet metal 1b, and a layer 3 is further provided.

Further, a protective layer may be provided.

The charging member may have any shape such as a roller shape or a blade shape, but a roller shape is preferable in terms of uniform charging.

Electrophotographic photoreceptors basically have a structure in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support. As the conductive support, materials that are conductive themselves such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, chromium, titanium, etc. can be used. In addition, aluminum, aluminum alloy, indium oxide-tin oxide alloy, etc. can be used. The above conductive support or plastic has a layer formed by vacuum deposition, a support in which plastic or paper is impregnated with conductive particles (e.g. carbon black, tin oxide particles, etc.) together with a suitable binder, or a conductive binder. It is also possible to use plastic, etc.

A subbing layer having barrier and adhesive functions can also be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer.

The subbing layer can be formed from casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide, or the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is 5u+n or less, preferably 0.5 to 3um. In order for the undercoat layer to perform its function, it is desirable that the undercoat layer has a thickness of 10'Ω·cm or more.

The photosensitive layer is formed, for example, by coating a photoconductor such as an organic photoconductor, amorphous silicon, selenium, etc. together with a binder if necessary, or by vacuum deposition. Furthermore, when using an organic photoconductor, a photosensitive layer consisting of a combination of a charge generation layer that generates charge carriers upon exposure to light and a charge transport layer that has the ability to transport the generated charge carriers can also be effectively used.

The charge generating layer may be formed by depositing one or more charge generating materials such as azohead pigments, quinone pigments, quinone anine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments, bisbenzimidazole pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridine pigments, or by depositing a suitable material. It can be dispersed with a binder (or without a binder) and formed by coating.

The binder can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins or organic photoconductive polymers. For example, insulating resins include polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate (condensation polymer of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, cellulose resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, Examples include casein and polyvinyl alcohol. Further, examples of the organic photoconductive polymer include carbazole, polyvinylanthracene, polyvinylpyrene, and the like.

The thickness of the charge generation layer is 001 to 15 μm, preferably 00
5 to 5 um, and the weight ratio of the charge generation layer to the binder is 1.
The ratio is 0:1 to 1:10.

1 [The filtering agent used in the paint for the charge generation layer is selected based on the solubility and dispersion stability of the resin and charge transport material used, but the organic solvents include alcohols, sulfoxides, ethers, esters, and aliphatic solvents. Halogenated hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds can be used.

Coating can be performed using a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a Mayer bar coating method, or a blade coating method.

The charge transport layer is formed by dissolving a charge transport material into a film-forming resin. Examples of organic charge transport materials used in the present invention include hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds,
Examples include thiazole compounds and triarylmethane compounds. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of binders used in the charge transport layer include phenoxy resin, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyamide, acrylic resin, acrylonitrile resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenolic resin, and epoxy. resin,
Polyesters, alkyd resins, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, or copolymers containing two or more repeating units of these resins, such as styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitol copolymers, styrene-maleic acid copolymers, etc. I can do it. It can also be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene, and polyvinylpyrene.

The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 50 um, preferably 8 to 20 um.
μm, and the weight ratio of charge transport material and binder is 5:1
-1.5, preferably 3:1 to 1:3. The coating method described above can be used for coating.

Furthermore, since dyes, pigments, organic charge transport substances, etc. are generally susceptible to ultraviolet rays, ozone, stains caused by oil, gold X, etc., a protective layer may be provided as necessary.

The protective layer of the photoreceptor is made of polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin,
It can be formed by dissolving a resin such as nylon, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, etc. in a suitable organic solvent on the photosensitive layer and drying it. . At this time, the thickness of the protective layer is generally in the range of 0.05 to 20 tLm.

This protective layer may contain an ultraviolet absorber or the like.

The charging member of the present invention can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a primary charging member 6, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, a cleaning means 10, and a pre-exposure means 11 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12. .

The primary charging member 6 placed in contact with the electrophotographic photoreceptor 12 is applied with an external voltage [e.g.
A pulsating current voltage consisting of a DC voltage of V or less and an AC voltage of 4000 V or less between peaks is applied to the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1.
2. The surface of the document is charged, and the image exposure means 7 exposes the image on the original onto the photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image. 1. Next, the developer in the developing means 8 is attached to the photoreceptor. The electrostatic latent image above is developed (visualized), and the developer on the photoreceptor is further transferred to a transfer target member 13 such as paper by a transfer charging corona charger 9, and then the first printing process is performed. Collects developer remaining on the photoreceptor without being transferred to paper during transfer.

Although an image can be formed by such an electrophotographic process, if residual charges remain on the photoreceptor, the photoreceptor is exposed to light by the pre-exposure means 11 to remove the residual charges before the next charging. It is better to eliminate static electricity.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for transfer charging, it can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. This device includes a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8. Transfer charging charging member 15, cleaning means 10. A pre-exposure element Pjll is arranged.

A voltage (for example, a DC voltage of 400 to 100 O
V) can be applied to transfer the developer on the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a transfer member such as paper.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for static elimination charging, it can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, and a cleaning means 10 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12.

A voltage (for example, an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 500 to 500
201) OV) can be applied to remove the charge on the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

By applying the charging member of the present invention to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductor, which easily deteriorates in terms of mechanical strength and chemical stability, its characteristics can be clearly exhibited. can do.

In the present invention, the method for installing the charging member in contact with the photoreceptor is not limited to a specific method.
Any method of movement such as rotation in the same direction as the photoreceptor or in the opposite direction can be used. Furthermore, it is also possible to cause the charging member to function as a developer cleaning device on the photoreceptor.

The voltage applied to the charging member in direct charging of the present invention, E
Regarding zero-addition methods, there are methods that instantly apply the desired voltage, depending on the specifications of each electrophotographic device, methods that implicitly increase the applied voltage in stages to protect the photoreceptor, and direct current methods. In the case of applying a voltage in the form of a superimposed alternating current (to a direct current), it is possible to apply a voltage in the order of alternating current (alternating current and direct current) or alternating current and direct current.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for secondary charging of an electrophotographic apparatus, it is necessary to superimpose a DC voltage and an AC voltage on the electrophotographic photoreceptor in the image output area.

When primary charging is applied only with DC voltage, uniform charging cannot be achieved. When used for transfer charging, a DC voltage alone or a DC voltage and an AC voltage may be superimposed. When used for static elimination charging, it is necessary to apply only an alternating current voltage.

Further, in the present invention, processes such as image exposure, development, and cleaning can be performed using any method known in the field of electrostatic photography, and are not limited to a specific type of developer.

The charging member of the present invention can be used not only in copying machines, but also in electrophotographic applications such as laser printers, CRT printers, electrophotographic plate-making systems, and facsimile machines having receiving means for receiving image information from remote terminals. I can do it.

U example) The present invention will be explained below using examples.

Example 1 As a conductive support, 60φ×260 with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm
A mm aluminum cylinder was prepared.

Copolymerized nylon (product name: Cu2Oen, manufactured by Toshi ■) 4
Type 8 nylon (trade name Niratsukamite 50)
03, Dainippon Ink ■) 4 parts methanol 50 parts,!
]-Butanol was dissolved in 50 parts and applied by dip coating onto the above support to form a 0.6 um thick undercoat layer.

10 parts of a disazo pigment with the following structural formula, and polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name, S-LEC B)
10 parts of M2 (manufactured by Tanksui Kagaku ■), 12 parts of cyclohexanone
Dispersion was carried out for 10 hours in a San Domino apparatus with 0 parts. 3 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was added to the dispersion and coated on the undercoat layer to form a charge generating layer with a thickness of 0.15 gm.

10 parts of polycarbonate Z resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a weight average molecular weight of 120,000 was prepared and dissolved in 80 parts of monochlorobenzene along with 10 parts of a hydrazone compound having the following structural formula. This was coated on the charge generation layer to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 16 μm, and electrophotographic photoreceptor No. 1 was manufactured.

Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
Melt and knead the weight parts and form a φ8 piece at the center as a conductive support.
φ20X 24 through the stainless steel shaft of X 260mm
The conductive elastic layer of the roller-shaped charging member was provided.

The volume resistance of the conductive elastic layer of this charging member.

When measured in an environment with a temperature of 22℃ and a temperature of 60%, it is 3XIO'Ω・
cm.

Next, 10 parts by weight of stearyl alcohol and 10 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: S-LEC BL-2 manufactured by Sekisui Ihigaku) were dissolved in 80 parts by weight of acetone, and the solution was dipped onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member. After coating and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 200 μm was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member. A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet.

Copy this charging member using the normal development method as shown in Section 3.
C-20f manufactured by Canon) installed in place of the second corona charger, rotated by the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and wideband tt
i voltage is DC voltage -750V and AC voltage between 1500V and 1500V.
The weight of the electrophotographic photoreceptor was measured, and the dark potential and bright potential of the electrophotographic photoreceptor were measured and the images were examined.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Furthermore, the potential characteristics and images when the charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under low temperature and low humidity conditions of 15° C. and 10% humidity were similarly investigated and shown in Table 1.

Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 1 part by weight of stearyl alcohol 5 parts and 10 parts by weight of polybutyl methacrylate resin (trade name Niacrylic Ester B, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon ■) were dissolved in 85 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone, and the mixture was placed on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member. A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by dip coating and providing a resin layer with a thickness of 200 um after drying.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 10 parts by weight of lauryl alcohol and 10 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin (S-LEC BX-1, manufactured by Tanemizu Kagaku ■)
parts by weight were dissolved in 80 parts by weight of methyl isobutyl ketone,
2j of the charging member! Dip coating on top of the electrically conductive elastic layer,
After drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 200 μm or 200 m was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 5 parts by weight of ceryl alcohol and 10 parts of polyvinyl acetate resin (trade name: Cohonyl, manufactured by Nippon Gosei Kagaku Kogyo)
Parts by weight were dissolved in 85 parts by weight of methyl cellosolve and dip coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member to form a resin layer with a thickness of 200 gm after drying to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 10 parts by weight of nylon 6-66-10-12 was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member to form a resin layer with a thickness of 200 gm after drying. A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, methoxymethylated nylon (methoxylation rate 25%)
10 parts by weight was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol and applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 2.
A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer with a thickness of 00 um.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, polyester polyol (product name: Niboran 12
1. 8 parts by weight of Nippon Polyurethane) and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, a film thickness of 200 μm was obtained. A resin layer was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 10 parts by weight of silicone RTV rubber was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene, and the solution was applied by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member mentioned above, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 200 um was provided, and a resin layer for roller-shaped charging was applied. The parts were manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

As can be seen by comparing Examples 1.2.3.4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the present invention can prevent image defects such as wavy fog caused by hardening of the resin layer at low temperatures and low humidity.

Furthermore, as can be seen by comparing Examples 1, 2, and 3.4 with Comparative Examples 3 and 4, it is possible to prevent fusion between the charging member and the photoreceptor, and to suppress the occurrence of horizontal streak images.

Example 5 Below, the characteristics as a transfer charger were investigated.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, chloroprene rubber 1. 5 parts by weight of conductive carbon was melted and intermixed with O0 parts by weight, and a stainless steel shaft of ψ8 x 260 mm was passed through the center to form a material having a diameter of 30 mm x 240 mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a roller shape transfer charging member was provided.

The volume resistance of this transfer charging member was determined at a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 60°C.
% environment, it is 4 x 10'Ω・ClTl.

Next, 5 parts by weight of stearyl alcohol and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral resin (S-LEC BL-2, manufactured by Tanezu Kagaku ■) were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. After drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 11001i was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member. A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet.

This transfer charging member was installed in place of the transfer corona charger of a normal development type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), and a direct current of -500 cm was applied for transfer charging, and the state of one image and the transfer charging member was examined. .

The results are shown in Table 2.

Further, the image and the state of the transfer charging member when the transfer charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under a low temperature and low humidity condition of 15° C. and 10% humidity were investigated and are shown in Table 2.

Example 6 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 10 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin (S-LEC BX-1, manufactured by Tanemizu Kagaku ■)
Parts by weight were dissolved in 85 parts by weight of methyl cellosolve, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and a resin layer with a film thickness of 100 LtffIO after drying was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member. .

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of lauryl alcohol and 5 parts by weight of polybutyl acrylate (acrylic ester B, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon ■) were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of acetone, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. , film thickness after drying 110
A resin layer of 0 μm was provided, and a roller shape transfer charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Example 8 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of ceryl alcohol and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetate (Cohonyl, manufactured by Nippon Gosei Kagaku Kogyo ■) were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. , film thickness after drying 1100
A resin layer of u was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 5 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, nylon 6-66-10-1210 parts by weight was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated on the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 10OuIIl.
A roller shape transfer charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer of.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 6 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon-6 (methoxymethylation rate 25%) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was A resin layer of 1100 LL was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Ta.

Comparative Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 8 parts by weight of Tuboran 121 (manufactured by Mimoto Polyurethane) and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol in polyester polyol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. A resin layer having a thickness of 1100 μm after drying was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 8 In the same manner as in Example 5, a conductive/curved single/h layer of a transfer charging member was prepared.

Next, 10 parts by weight of silicone RTV rubber was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging section, and after drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 1100 μm was provided. A Type A large transfer charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5, and the results are shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from Examples 5, 6, 7.8 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6, the present invention can maintain high image quality without causing a decrease in density or wavy fog even under low temperature and low humidity conditions.

Furthermore, as can be seen from Examples 5, 6, 7.8 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8, in the present invention, the transfer charging member does not fuse with the photoconductor, nor does it fuse with the toner, so defects may occur in the photoconductor or charging member. Can be used without generation.

Example 9 Below, we investigated its characteristics as a static eliminator.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next is chloroprene rubber 100! Melt and knead 5 parts by weight of conductive carbon to 5 parts by weight of conductive carbon, and place it on a stainless steel plate of 2n+m x 260 mm in the center as shown in Fig. 3 with a free length] Dmm x 2
It was molded to a diameter of 40 mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a blade-shaped charging member was provided. The volume resistivity of this static eliminator charging member is 4 x 1 when shaved in an environment with a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 60%.
It is 0'Ω·cm.

Next, 5 parts by weight of stearyl alcohol and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral resin (S-LEC BL-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical ■) were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methyl cellosolve, and the solution was immersed on the conductive elastic layer of the static elimination charging member. After coating and drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 100 tLI11 was provided to produce a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member.

A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet.

This charge-eliminating member is installed in place of the pre-exposure charge eliminator of the normal development type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), and the charge-eliminating charge is applied by applying an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 1 (10 (IV), and the residual potential after charge removal is We examined the image and the condition of the static elimination/charging member.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Further, the image and the state of the static eliminating charging member when the static eliminating charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under a low temperature condition with a density of 15° C. and a humidity of 10% were investigated and are shown in Table 3.

Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 5 parts by weight of stearyl alcohol and 5 parts of polybutyl acrylate (acrylic ester B, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon ■)
Parts by weight were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the above-mentioned static elimination/charging member, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 10,100 LL was provided to produce a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 5 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral resin (S-LEC BL-2, manufactured by Miki Kagaku ■) were added to 90 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone, and the mixture was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member. After drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 1100 μm was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured.

The dough was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Example 12 As in Example 9, a #1i electrically conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared.

Next, 5 parts by weight of ceryl alcohol and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetate resin (Cohonyl, manufactured by Nippon Gosei Kagaku Kogyo ■) were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member. After drying, the film thickness was 11
A blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer of 00 μm.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

The static elimination/charging member was used as it was without providing a resin layer. This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 9, an elastic elastic layer was prepared for the static elimination/charging member 41.

Next, 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon-6 (methoxymethylation rate 25%) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the static electricity removal charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was A resin layer of 1,100 t1 was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured. This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 9, a tetraelectric elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 8 parts by weight of Tuboran 121 (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Co., Ltd.) and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol in polyester polyol, and the solution was dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member. After drying, a resin layer having a film thickness of 100 μm and 100 μm was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured. This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9, and shown in Table 3.Comparative Example 12 Static electricity was removed by pre-exposure without using the static eliminator charging member of the present invention, and the stiffness was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9. I was so happy.

As can be seen by comparing Examples 9, 10, 11.12 and Comparative Examples 9 and 11, the present invention prevents fusion between the charging member and the photoreceptor and prevents the occurrence of image defects in the form of horizontal stripes. .

Moreover, as can be seen by comparing Examples 9, 10, 11.12 and Comparative Example 10, stable static elimination performance was exhibited even under low temperature and low humidity, and the material of the present invention can suppress image defects.

In Comparative Example 12, the static elimination performance of the conventional pre-exposure type static elimination was low, and residual potential was likely to remain at low temperature and low humidity, causing soil burr defects.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above results, by using the charging member of the present invention, the adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor is low;
Since it is also flexible, it provides high-quality images with less toner stains. In particular, stable potential characteristics and image characteristics can be obtained even under low temperature and low humidity conditions.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a blade-shaped charging member, and FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are cross-sectional views of an electrophotographic apparatus. 1a: Conductive support 1b: Conductive sheet metal 2: Conductive elastic layer 3: Resin layer 4: Protective layer 5 Resin powder 6: Charging member 7 Image exposure means 8: Development means 9: Corona charging for transfer charging Container 10 Cleaning means 11/Pre-exposure means 12: Electrophotographic photoreceptor 14, corona charger 15 for secondary charging, charging member 16 for transfer charging, charging member for static elimination charging. Agent Patent Attorney Minoru Yamashita The first and second sections are the roller-shaped charging member medium.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, the charging member comprising a layer containing an aliphatic alcohol having 5 or more carbon atoms on the conductive elastic layer. (2) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the charging member contacts an electrophotographic photoreceptor to charge the photoreceptor. (3) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is primarily charged by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage as applied voltages. (4) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the developer is transferred from the electrophotographic photoreceptor to the transfer member by using a DC voltage as the applied voltage or by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage. (5) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is neutralized using an alternating current voltage as the applied voltage.