JPH0470499A - Method for constructing underground space and excavator therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To form a space of a large section in the weak ground by connecting row-provided small tunnels to construct an outer shell-shaped underground structure, and excavation-removing the ground in a part surrounded by the underground structure. CONSTITUTION:A pair of leading small tunnels 1a, 1b are executed by providing a suitable space, and a following small tunnel 7 is mutually connected and provided in a row from the tunnel 1a to the tunnel 1b by using a shield excavator. Next, an outer shell-shaped structure 14 is constructed in the ground by connecting the fellow small tunnels in rectangular shape. Then, space 17, surrounded by the structure 14, is formed by excavation-removing the ground 15, surrounded by the structure 14, by an excavator 16.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention connects small tunnels arranged in a row to construct an underground structure in the form of a shell, and improves the ground quality of the area surrounded by the underground structure. The present invention relates to a method for constructing an underground space that forms a space with a large cross section in soft ground by excavating and removing it, and an excavation device therefor.

<Conventional Technology> When constructing an underground structure with a large space, there is a great risk of collapse of the face or disturbance of the ground if the ground is soft or the ground is prone to collapse due to high groundwater. Furthermore, when excavating a large cross-section while constructing a lining, the excavation equipment and lining become large-scale, which increases the construction cost. In order to solve these problems, one of the construction methods that has rapidly developed in recent years is the shield construction method. The shield construction method uses a shell (shield) to absorb the earth pressure, so it is possible to construct tunnels with relatively large cross sections even on soft ground. However, in the case of the shield construction method, since the cross-sectional shape is circular for boat fishing, the excavation cross-section and occupied area become large relative to the required space, resulting in wasted space. On the other hand, like the URT method, a cylinder is buried in the ground in advance, the members are connected in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, and after the lining is constructed, the cylinder is surrounded by the lining. There is a way to excavate the area.

According to this method, by using a rectangular member,
It is possible to construct an underground structure having a rectangular cross-sectional shape with high utilization efficiency on soft ground, and the loosening of the surrounding ground can be relatively reduced.

<Problem to be solved by the invention> The shield method is a construction method for constructing tunnels with a relatively large cross section on soft ground, but since the cross section of the shield method is generally circular, it cannot be used. The excavation cross-section for the space and the occupied area were large, making it easy to create wasted space. On the other hand, on soft ground, the URTT method is one of the construction methods that allows construction with a highly efficient rectangular cross-sectional shape. However, since the URT construction method involves pushing the members into the ground, a space is required for pushing the members into the ground, and as the surface area of the member increases, the pushing resistance increases. There were limits to size and length. Also,
Since the members cannot be completely connected to each other in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder, it is not possible to improve the bonding strength between the members, and it is also difficult to ensure water-tightness.

Furthermore, when adding short members while pushing them in, the pushing operation is interrupted during the adding work, which increases the adhesive force between the members and the ground, increasing the pushing resistance, resulting in poor workability.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a method for constructing an underground space and an excavation device for the same, which can easily form a free-form underground space with a large cross section in soft ground. .

<Means for Solving the Problems> The structure of the present invention that achieves the above object is as follows based on the illustrated embodiment.

(1) Method for constructing underground space A shell-like structure is built underground by arranging multiple small tunnels underground and connecting the small tunnels, and the structure is surrounded by the shell-like structure. The feature is that a space is created underground by excavating and removing the ground in that area.

(2) Method for constructing underground space A feature of this method is that the lining of a small tunnel is used as an excavation guide in the construction of adjacent small tunnels and as a coupling joint between the small tunnels.

(3) Method of constructing underground space A feature of this method is that a small tunnel is constructed using the shield method.

(4) In a shield excavator that excavates using the leading small tunnel as an excavation guide, the skin plate on the outer periphery of the lining of the leading small tunnel is installed so that the outer periphery of the lining of the leading small tunnel is exposed inside the shield excavator. A part of the lining is removed and a water stop seal is installed to prevent water from entering the inside of the shield excavator from the outer periphery of the lining. It is characterized by being distributed between.

In the method of constructing an underground space according to the present invention, small tunnels arranged underground are connected to each other, a shell-like structure is built by the combined small tunnels, and the structure is surrounded by the shell-like structure. By excavating and removing part of the ground, an underground space is created in the part surrounded by the structure.

In the shield excavator of the present invention, the skin plate on the outer periphery of the lining of the leading small tunnel is removed, and a watertight seal is provided between the lining of the trailing tunnel and the outer periphery of the lining of the leading small tunnel and the inside of the shield excavator. It is sealed, and the outer periphery of the lining of the small preceding tunnel is exposed inside the shield excavator. Therefore, the lining work of sharing the lining of the preceding small tunnel as part of the lining of the following small tunnel can be easily performed inside the shield excavator.

<Embodiment> Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the underground space construction method and its excavation device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a shield excavator used in the underground space construction method according to this embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the shield excavator as seen from the rear.

As shown in Figure 1, the leading small tunnel 1 has a rectangular lining.
A shield excavator 2 capable of excavating a rectangular cross section is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the lining.

The main body of the shield excavator 2 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape in a direction perpendicular to the propulsion direction. The bottom of the leading tonnage 2 1 at the rear of the shield excavator 2 relative to the outer peripheral surface of the lining is in an open state with the skin plate removed. That is, at the rear of the shield excavator 2, the outer peripheral surface of the lining of the small preceding tunnel 1 is exposed to the inside of the shield excavator 2. The front of the shield excavator 2 is equipped with an excavation cutter 3 that is capable of excavating a rectangular cross section, and the inside rear is equipped with a propulsion cutter 3 that generates thrust by the reaction force by pressing the lining end face of the trailing small tunnel. A jack 4 is provided. A retaining means 5 is provided on the bottom of the shield excavator 2, and the engaging means 5 is a pair of excavation guide rails recessed in the outer circumferential surface of the lining of the small preceding tunnel 1 and extending in the direction of the small preceding tunnel 1. 6. That is, the shield excavator 2 can excavate along the small preceding tunnel 1 by engaging the retaining means 5 with the excavator guide rail 6.

A mud feeding and draining facility 2a that communicates with the outside is connected to the inside of the shield excavator 2, and the remaining soil excavated by the excavation counter 3 is sent to the outside.

On the other hand, on the inner circumferential surface of the rear part of the shield excavator 2, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a water stop seal 8a is provided which is in close contact with the outer circumferential surface of the lining of the trailing small flua. . Further, on the rear bottom surface of the shield excavator 2, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a water stop seal 8b is provided which is tightly attached to the outer peripheral surface of the lining of the small preceding tunnel 1. Furthermore, shield excavator 2
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, on the rear inner peripheral surface of Seal 8
C is provided. Therefore, the water stop seals 8a, 8b,
8c is in close contact with the outer periphery of the lining of the leading small tunnel 1° and the trailing small tunnel 7, so that muddy water does not infiltrate and the trailing small tunnel 7° shield excavation I! The lining of the small preceding tunnel 1 is exposed inside the tunnel 2. In other words, the leading small tunnel 1 and the trailing small tunnel 7 share the lining of the leading small tunnel 1, so that the lining at the joining part is not duplicated and can be combined.

Based on FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the connection state of the preceding small tunnel and the following one small tunnel will be explained.

FIG. 4 is a detailed view showing the joint portion of the leading small tunnel and trailing small tunnel lining, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the combined leading small tunnel and trailing small tunnel.

A pair of insertion holes 9 are formed on both sides of a pair of excavation guide rails 6 formed in the outer circumferential surface of the leading small tonnage 2 . On the other hand, a protrusion 10 that fits into the excavation guide rail 6 is provided on the lower end surface of the trailing small tunnel 7, and a pair of non-return pins 11 that fit into the insertion holes 9 are protruded on both sides of the protrusion 10. It is set up.

A water stop plate 12 made of an elastic body is inserted into the excavation guide rail 6. In the water stop plate 12, a pin 11 with a non-return spring fits into the insertion hole 9, and a protrusion 10 is inserted into the excavation guide rail 6. By being inserted into the lining, it becomes a sandwiched state and seals between the outside of the lining and the trailing small tunnel 7.

As a method for connecting the linings of the leading small tunnel 1 and the trailing small tunnel 7, a bolt fastening method may be used in addition to the chuck pin method described above. As shown in FIG. 5, the preceding small tunnel 1. The segment constituting the lining of the trailing small tunnel lure is further divided into pieces 13, and each piece 13 is connected to the inter-piece joint 1 from the inside of the tunnel.
4 to be assembled and fixed. Examples of the material for producing the lining material for each of these tunnels include precast concrete, rope material, and the like.

Next, based on FIGS. 6 to 9, the above-mentioned shield excavator 2
Explain the procedure for creating an underground space using

Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the construction of a trailing small tunnel between the leading small tunnels, Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the small tunnels installed in a row, and Figure 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the ground surrounded by the small tunnels. An explanatory diagram showing the situation during excavation, FIG. 9 shows a front view showing an underground space surrounded by a small tunnel.

As shown in Figure 6, a pair of leading small spears la, lb
An appropriate distance is constructed, and then the shield excavator 2 is used to construct trailing small tunnels 7 from one leading small tunnel 1a to the other leading small tunnel lb. The small tons that are arranged in a row are connected to each other by the protrusions 10 shown in Fig. 4. They are connected to each other by the excavation guide rail 6 or the like (see FIG. 7). As shown in FIG. 8, a shell-like structure 14 is built underground by connecting small tunnels in a rectangular shape, and then the ground 15 surrounded by the structure 14 is excavated using a general excavator. 16 to excavate and remove. By excavating and removing the ground 15 surrounded by the structures 14, a space 17 surrounded by the structures 14 (small tunnel) is formed underground.

Furthermore, in addition to constructing the structure 14 having a rectangular cross-sectional shape as described above, this construction method also combines small tunnels having cross-sectional shapes divided in the circumferential direction, as shown in FIG. , a cylindrical underground space 19 may be formed by constructing an annular structure 18.

According to this embodiment, even if it becomes necessary to expand the structure 14 in the future, since the excavation guide rail 6 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the lining, the structure 14 can be easily expanded underground. can. In addition, since excavation guide rails 6 and protrusions 10 are provided on the lining of each small tunnel, the structures 14
In addition, the shield excavator 2 engages with the excavation guide rail 6 and travels, allowing for highly accurate excavation along the preceding small tunnel. Construction can be done.

The cross-sectional shape of each small tunnel is not limited to a rectangular shape, and can be constructed in any shape such as a circle or a horseshoe shape, and the portion where the linings of the preceding small tunnel 1 and the following small tunnel 7 overlap, The lining can be single-layered or double-layered (see FIGS. 11, 12, and 13). In addition to structures built underground that have a rectangular cross section,
As shown in Figure 14, the small tunnel 1c has a circular ring shape.
It is also possible to form a dome shape by connecting the small tunnels 1c in the direction of the central axis and gradually decreasing the diameter of the small tunnel 1c upward (see FIG. 15).

<Effects of the Invention> In the underground space construction method according to the present invention, the lining for forming the underground space is constructed in a small tunnel with a small cross section.
There is no risk of the face collapsing, there is no need for large-scale shoring or equipment, and it is possible to create a large-section underground space in soft ground. In addition, by changing the cross-sectional shape of the small tunnel, underground structures of any shape can be constructed.
An underground space with an efficient shape suitable for the purpose of use is constructed, and the excavation work to create the space can be done inside the shell-like structure, making it easy to excavate using a general excavator. This allows for a significant reduction in drilling equipment costs.

In the underground space construction method according to the present invention, which uses the lining of a small tunnel as an excavation guide and coupling joint, when it becomes necessary to expand the underground space, the structure can be easily expanded by using the outer periphery of the lining. can.

In the underground space construction method according to the present invention, in which a small tunnel is constructed using the shield method, the shield excavator can be caused to travel along the preceding small tunnel by engaging with the excavation guide of the preceding small tunnel, and the shield excavator can be moved along the preceding small tunnel. Because the lining of a small tunnel can be efficiently connected to the preceding small tunnel or flannel,
Structures can be constructed extremely easily and with high precision.

The shield excavator according to the present invention prevents muddy water from entering with a water-stop seal, and the outer circumferential surface of the lining of the leading small tunnel is exposed inside the trailing small tunnel and the shield excavator. The outer circumferential surface of the construction is exposed inside the small trailing tunnel, and the joint can be lined with a single layer. As a result, the space inside the small tunnel can be efficiently secured.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a shield excavator used in the underground space construction method according to this embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the shield excavator as seen from the rear. Fig. 4 is a detailed view showing the joining part of the lining of the leading small tunnel and the trailing small tunnel, Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the combined leading small tunnel and trailing small tunnel, and Fig. 6 is: An explanatory diagram showing the construction of a trailing small tunnel between the leading small tunnels, Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram showing small tunnels installed in a row, and Figure 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the construction of the following small tunnel between the leading small tunnels. Figure 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the underground space surrounded by a small tunnel, Figure 10 is a front view of the ring-shaped structure, and Figure 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the situation.
Figure 12 is a front view of a structure built by closing small rectangular tunnels into a rectangular shape (in case the joints are double). Figure 12 is a front view of a structure built by closing small circular tunnels. (If the joint part is double), Fig. 13 shows the following:
Figure 14 is a front view showing a structure built by closing small circular tunnels (in case there is only one joint); Figure 14 is a perspective view showing a structure built by combining small tunnels into a dome shape; FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view thereof. ■...Small tunnel ahead, 2...Shield excavator. 5... Engagement means, 6... Excavation guide rail 7.
...Small tunnel behind. 8a, 8b, 8c...Water stop seal 14...Structure 17...Space.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A shell-like structure is built underground by arranging a plurality of small tunnels underground and connecting the small tunnels, and the structure is surrounded by the shell-like structure. A method for constructing an underground space, which is characterized by forming a space underground by excavating and removing the ground in the area where the ground has been removed. (2) The method for constructing an underground space according to claim (1), characterized in that the lining of the small tunnel is used as an excavation guide in the construction of adjacent small tunnels and as a coupling joint between the small tunnels. (3) The method for constructing an underground space according to claim (2), characterized in that the small tunnel is constructed by a shield method. (4) In a shield excavator that excavates using a small preceding tunnel as an excavation guide, the skin on the outer periphery of the lining of the small preceding tunnel is exposed so that the outer periphery of the lining of the small preceding tunnel is exposed inside the shield excavator. A part of the plate is removed and a water stop seal is installed between the outer periphery of the lining of the leading small tunnel, the outer periphery of the lining of the following small tunnel, and the outer periphery of the lining of the small tunnel. A shield excavator used in the method for constructing an underground space according to claim 3, wherein the shield excavator is disposed between the shield excavator and the shield excavator.