JPH047065B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH047065B2
JPH047065B2 JP58071961A JP7196183A JPH047065B2 JP H047065 B2 JPH047065 B2 JP H047065B2 JP 58071961 A JP58071961 A JP 58071961A JP 7196183 A JP7196183 A JP 7196183A JP H047065 B2 JPH047065 B2 JP H047065B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
polypropylene
fibers
separator
polyamide
resin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP58071961A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS59196556A (en
Inventor
Hisayuki Takigawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to JP58071961A priority Critical patent/JPS59196556A/en
Publication of JPS59196556A publication Critical patent/JPS59196556A/en
Publication of JPH047065B2 publication Critical patent/JPH047065B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44Fibrous material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411Organic material
    • H01M50/414Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417Polyolefins
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411Organic material
    • H01M50/414Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/423Polyamide resins
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014Alkaline electrolytes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は密閉型アルカリ電池、特にニツケルカ
ドミウム蓄電池に用いるアルカリ電池用セパレー
ターの構成に関するものである。 従来、アルカリ電池用セパレーターにはポリア
ミド繊維の持つ吸水性、吸液性等の特性を利用し
たポリアミド繊維のみよりなる不織布が一般に用
いられている。また、ポリアミド繊維の吸液性、
吸水性をより向上させる為に無機塩類により繊維
を溶出して繊維表面に多数の微細な孔を有する多
孔質の構造にしたものが見られる。このように繊
維を多孔性としたことにより、電解液の保液量は
均一となり、それがため放電容量が大きくなると
いう特徴がある。然るに、アルカリ電池は高温時
或は連続的に過充電が行われる様な条件下では、
電解液の温度上昇や電気化学変化が大きい為に、
上記ポリアミド製不織布セパレーターでは劣化が
著しく、長期の使用に耐え難いという欠点があ
る。 また、ポリアミド繊維に電解液に対し耐性のあ
るポリプロピレン繊維を混入した不織布よりなる
セパレーターも見られるが、ポリプロピレン繊維
の熱容量により繊維相互を接着するため、加熱溶
着時にポリプロピレン繊維の収縮が著しく、厳密
な工程管理を必要とし、均一な製品を大量、かつ
安価に製造することが困難である等の問題点があ
る。 更に、ポリプロピレン樹脂のメルトピロー方式
による不織布、ポリプロピレン繊維の湿式法によ
る不織布をセパレーターとしたものがあるが、吸
液性、耐アルカリ性等の電池特性は満足しうるも
のの、セパレーターの機械的強度が弱い為、電池
製造工程に於てセパレーターの伸び、切断等の問
題が発生することによりラインアツプされていな
いのが現状である。 更に、ポリアミド繊維とポリプロピレン−ポリ
エチレン系複合繊維とを80〜50%:20〜50%の比
率で混合し形成したウエブを加熱、加圧してポリ
エチレン成分を溶融し、繊維相互間を一体に結合
したセパレーターも工夫されてはいる。しかし上
記ポリプロピレン−ポリエチレン系複合繊維の混
合割合が非常に限定されるという問題点がある。
即ち、上記複合繊維が20%以下では接着力不足と
なり、電池組立工程にかけられず、また強力を付
与するため複合繊維を20〜50%未満混合するとポ
リアミド繊維が50%以上含まれることになり、前
記アルカリ電池の高温時或は連続的過充電が行わ
れる様な条件下では電解液の温度上昇や電気化学
的変化が大きい為にポリアミド繊維の劣化が著し
くなり、繊維が分解されてセパレーターとしての
性能が低下することになり好ましくなく、又、上
記複合繊維を50%以上混入すると加熱・加圧時に
該複合繊維を形成する低融点樹脂成分(ポリエチ
レン)が溶融圧着時にフイルム化し易く、繊維間
隙の閉塞現象が発生し易くなり、セパレーターと
しての性能に悪影響を及ぼす。この様にポリプロ
ピレン−ポリエチレン系複合繊維の混入割合が非
常に限定される上に、ポリアミド繊維が存在する
ため、劣化による形態変化が著しく、大巾な性能
低下をきたすことになる。 本発明は上記諸欠点を克服し、如何なる条件下
でも十分実用に供し得るアルカリ電池用セパレー
ターを提供するものである。 以下本発明の1実施例を詳細に説明する。 本発明のアルカリ電池用セパレーターは、芯部
形成口金の周囲に鞘部形成口金を配置した紡糸口
金によりポリプロピレン樹脂95〜70%(重量比)
と、ポリアミド繊維5〜30%(重量比)とを混合
した溶融樹脂液を芯部とし、鞘部として上記溶融
樹脂液に発泡剤を1〜10%(重量比)混入した溶
融樹脂液を使用し、上記紡糸口金により、上記2
種類の溶融樹脂液を紡糸した後、鞘部のみ発泡さ
せて、表面に無数の細孔を設けた海島型複合繊維
50〜70%(重量比)と、ポリプロピレン−ポリエ
チレン系サイドバイサイド型又は海島型複合繊維
50〜30%(重量比)との混合繊維を用いる。例え
ばポリプロピレン樹脂90%とポリアミド樹脂10%
の混合成分よりなり、かつ表面層、すなわち鞘部
のみ発泡剤により芯部の厚さに対し2〜10倍程度
に厚く発泡させて無数の細孔を作り多孔質化し
た、海島型複合繊維70%とポリプロピレン−ポリ
エチレン系複合繊維30%との混合繊維をランドウ
エバー機又はカード機により、目付90g/m2のラ
ンダムウエブ又はクロスウエブを形成し、一対の
加熱、加圧ロールを通過させて、ポリエチレン成
分の溶融によりウエブ構成繊維間相互を一体に接
着し、見掛密度0.2〜0.5g/cm3のアルカリ電池用
セパレーターを形成する。 なお、セパレーターの重量は40〜300g/m3
間で使用目的に応じて適宜変更することができ
る。また見掛密度は0.2g/cm3未満になるとセパ
レーターの強度や吸液速度が低下し、又0.5g/
cm3をこえると厚さが薄く、目が詰まり過ぎて吸液
量が低下すると共に電解により発生した酸素の通
過が阻害されるので好ましくなく適宜の空隙を必
要があり好ましくは0.2〜0.5g/cm3に調整する。 本発明に用いるポリプロピレン−ポリアミド複
合繊維は、第1図及び第2図に示す様にポリプロ
ピレン樹脂成分1を海としてポリアミド樹脂成分
2が島状に点在しており、更に鞘部である表層が
発泡剤により2倍程度に発泡し、無数の細孔3を
有してなり、上記複合繊維4と耐アルカリ性にす
ぐれたポリプロピレン樹脂成分5とポリエチレン
樹脂成分6からなるサイドバイサイド型複合繊維
7のポリエチレン成分の融着によつてウエブ構成
繊維相互を一体に接着してセパレーターを構成す
る。 従つて、セパレーターの主構成繊維である表層
部に無数の細孔を有するポリプロピレン−ポリア
ミド海島型複合繊維の初期性能、例えばKOH溶
液の吸液量は400%であり、同じ樹脂(ポリプロ
ピレンとポリアミド)を用いるサイドバイサイド
型複合繊維で形成したセパレーターに比べ劣る
が、本発明の海島型複合繊維はポリプロピレン樹
脂成分中に島状に分布するポリアミド樹脂成分の
電解液による劣化・脱落による多孔質化及び鞘部
が発泡により多孔質化することにより吸液量を向
上させることにより、アルカリ電池用セパレータ
ーとしての性能低下は極力押えられる。また、上
記実施例において繊維間相互の接着繊維となるポ
リプロピレン−ポリエチレン複合繊維の形態は第
2図に示す如くポリエチレン成分が必ず複合繊維
表面の一部を形成するサイドバイサイド型又はポ
リプロピレン成分が島でポリエチレン成分が海で
ある島海型であることが必要である。 次に、上記本発明のアルカリ電池用セパレータ
ーAと比較例として従来のポリアミド繊維セパレ
ーターB、ポリプロピレン繊維セパレーターC、
ポリアミド、ポリプロピレン混合繊維セパレータ
ーDの物性を下表に示した。
The present invention relates to the structure of an alkaline battery separator used in sealed alkaline batteries, particularly nickel-cadmium storage batteries. Conventionally, nonwoven fabrics made only of polyamide fibers have been generally used for separators for alkaline batteries, taking advantage of the properties of polyamide fibers such as water absorption and liquid absorption. In addition, the liquid absorption properties of polyamide fibers,
In order to further improve water absorption, fibers are eluted with inorganic salts to create a porous structure with many fine pores on the fiber surface. By making the fibers porous in this manner, the amount of electrolyte solution retained is uniform, and as a result, the discharge capacity is increased. However, under high temperature conditions or conditions where alkaline batteries are continuously overcharged,
Due to the large temperature rise and electrochemical changes in the electrolyte,
The polyamide nonwoven fabric separator described above has the disadvantage that it deteriorates significantly and cannot withstand long-term use. In addition, there are separators made of nonwoven fabric made of polyamide fibers mixed with polypropylene fibers that are resistant to electrolytes, but because the heat capacity of the polypropylene fibers bonds the fibers together, the polypropylene fibers shrink significantly during heat welding, and strict There are problems such as requiring process control and making it difficult to manufacture uniform products in large quantities at low cost. Furthermore, there are separators made of polypropylene resin melt-pillow nonwoven fabrics and polypropylene fiber wet-processed nonwoven fabrics, but although they can satisfy battery properties such as liquid absorption and alkali resistance, the mechanical strength of the separators is weak. Currently, this product is not available in the lineup due to problems such as elongation and cutting of the separator during the battery manufacturing process. Furthermore, a web formed by mixing polyamide fibers and polypropylene-polyethylene composite fibers at a ratio of 80 to 50%: 20 to 50% was heated and pressurized to melt the polyethylene component and bond the fibers together. The separator has also been devised. However, there is a problem in that the mixing ratio of the polypropylene-polyethylene composite fibers is very limited.
That is, if the composite fiber is less than 20%, the adhesion will be insufficient and it cannot be used in the battery assembly process, and if less than 20 to 50% of the composite fiber is mixed to impart strength, it will contain more than 50% polyamide fiber. When the alkaline battery is subjected to high temperatures or continuous overcharging, the temperature rise and electrochemical changes in the electrolyte are large, resulting in significant deterioration of the polyamide fibers, causing the fibers to decompose and fail to function as a separator. This is undesirable because the performance will deteriorate, and if more than 50% of the composite fibers are mixed in, the low melting point resin component (polyethylene) that forms the composite fibers will tend to form a film during melt-pressing when heated and pressurized, and the gaps between the fibers will be reduced. A clogging phenomenon is likely to occur, which adversely affects the performance as a separator. As described above, since the mixing ratio of polypropylene-polyethylene composite fibers is extremely limited, and in addition to the presence of polyamide fibers, morphological changes due to deterioration are significant, resulting in a large drop in performance. The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks and provides a separator for alkaline batteries that can be put to practical use under any conditions. One embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below. The separator for alkaline batteries of the present invention is made of polypropylene resin of 95 to 70% (weight ratio) using a spinneret in which a sheath forming die is arranged around a core forming die.
The core is a molten resin liquid mixed with 5-30% (weight ratio) of polyamide fibers, and the sheath is a molten resin liquid mixed with 1-10% (weight ratio) of a blowing agent in the above-mentioned molten resin liquid. Then, by using the spinneret, the above 2
Sea-island type composite fiber made by spinning different kinds of molten resin liquid and then foaming only the sheath part to create countless pores on the surface.
50-70% (weight ratio) and polypropylene-polyethylene side-by-side type or sea-island type composite fiber
Use mixed fibers with 50-30% (weight ratio). For example, 90% polypropylene resin and 10% polyamide resin
A sea-island type composite fiber 70 made of a mixture of components, and in which only the surface layer, that is, the sheath part, is foamed to a thickness of 2 to 10 times the thickness of the core part using a foaming agent to create countless pores and become porous. % and 30% polypropylene-polyethylene composite fibers are formed into a random web or cross web with a basis weight of 90 g/m 2 using a Landweber machine or a card machine, and then passed through a pair of heating and pressure rolls. By melting the polyethylene component, the fibers constituting the web are bonded together to form a separator for alkaline batteries with an apparent density of 0.2 to 0.5 g/cm 3 . The weight of the separator can be changed as appropriate between 40 and 300 g/m 3 depending on the purpose of use. In addition, if the apparent density is less than 0.2 g/cm 3 , the strength and absorption rate of the separator will decrease, and if the apparent density is less than 0.5 g/cm 3
If the thickness exceeds cm 3 , the thickness is too thin and the mesh is too clogged, reducing the amount of liquid absorbed and impeding the passage of oxygen generated by electrolysis. Adjust to cm3 . As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the polypropylene-polyamide composite fiber used in the present invention has a polypropylene resin component 1 as a sea and polyamide resin components 2 scattered in the form of islands, and a surface layer that is a sheath. The polyethylene component of the side-by-side composite fiber 7 is foamed to about twice its size by a foaming agent, has countless pores 3, and is composed of the composite fiber 4, a polypropylene resin component 5 having excellent alkali resistance, and a polyethylene resin component 6. The fibers constituting the web are bonded together by fusing to form a separator. Therefore, the initial performance of the polypropylene-polyamide sea-island type composite fiber, which is the main constituent fiber of the separator and has countless pores in the surface layer, is 400%, for example, the absorption amount of KOH solution, and the same resin (polypropylene and polyamide) Although inferior to separators formed from side-by-side type composite fibers, the sea-island type composite fibers of the present invention do not cause porosity or sheathing due to deterioration and shedding of the polyamide resin component distributed in islands in the polypropylene resin component due to the electrolyte. By increasing the amount of liquid absorbed by making it porous through foaming, the deterioration in performance as a separator for alkaline batteries can be minimized. In addition, in the above examples, the form of the polypropylene-polyethylene composite fiber that serves as the adhesive fiber between the fibers is a side-by-side type in which the polyethylene component always forms a part of the surface of the composite fiber, as shown in FIG. It needs to be an island-sea type where the component is the sea. Next, the separator A for alkaline batteries of the present invention, conventional polyamide fiber separator B, polypropylene fiber separator C as comparative examples,
The physical properties of polyamide and polypropylene mixed fiber separator D are shown in the table below.

【表】 本発明は上記の如く構成したから、接着繊維と
なるポリプロピレン−ポリエチレン複合繊維の混
入割合が接着力、即ち引張強力保持性にのみ役割
が限定されセパレーターとして必要かつ十分なる
吸液速度及び吸液率を維持し、且つ耐久性のある
必要強度を得る最小混合割合(30〜50%)に抑制
することができる。また電解液によるセパレータ
ーの劣化による形態変化がなくなり、電池寿命が
大巾に延長する。また上表に示す如く、本発明の
セパレーターは島状のポリアミドに加えポーラス
構造となつている為、親水性樹脂が単に島状に存
在している繊維を用いるセパレーターよりも更に
吸液量、吸液性にすぐれ、またポリアミド部分の
劣化後もポーラス構造であるため短絡率も良好で
ある等理想的なアルカリ電池用セパレーターが得
られる等の秀れた効果を有する発明である。
[Table] Since the present invention is configured as described above, the mixing ratio of polypropylene-polyethylene composite fibers serving as adhesive fibers is limited to adhesive strength, that is, tensile strength retention, and has a liquid absorption rate necessary and sufficient as a separator. The mixing ratio can be kept to the minimum (30 to 50%) that maintains the liquid absorption rate and provides the necessary strength with durability. In addition, there is no change in shape due to deterioration of the separator due to the electrolyte, greatly extending battery life. Furthermore, as shown in the table above, since the separator of the present invention has a porous structure in addition to the island-like polyamide, the amount of liquid absorbed is higher than that of a separator using fibers in which the hydrophilic resin is simply present in the form of islands. This invention has excellent liquid properties, has a porous structure even after the polyamide portion has deteriorated, and has a good short circuit rate, and has excellent effects such as providing an ideal separator for alkaline batteries.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明のアルカリ電池用セパレーター
に用いる鞘部に無数の細孔を有するポリプロピレ
ン−ポリアミド海島芯鞘型複合繊維の要部拡大
図、第2図は同ポリプロピレン−ポリアミド海島
芯鞘型複合繊維とポリプロピレン−ポリエチレン
サイドバイサイド型複合繊維との接着状態を示す
拡大図である。 1…ポリプロピレン樹脂成分、2…ポリアミド
樹脂成分、3…細孔、…ポリプロピレン−ポリ
アミド複合繊維、5…ポリプロピレン樹脂成分、
6…ポリエチレン樹脂成分、…サイドバイサイ
ド型複合繊維。
Fig. 1 is an enlarged view of the main part of a polypropylene-polyamide sea-island core-sheath type composite fiber having numerous pores in the sheath portion used in the alkaline battery separator of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the same polypropylene-polyamide sea-island core-sheath type composite fiber. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the state of adhesion between fibers and polypropylene-polyethylene side-by-side composite fibers. 1... Polypropylene resin component, 2... Polyamide resin component, 3... Pore, 4 ... Polypropylene-polyamide composite fiber, 5... Polypropylene resin component,
6...Polyethylene resin component, 7 ...Side-by-side type composite fiber.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂及び発
泡剤を混合した溶融樹脂を鞘部とし、ポリプロピ
レン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂の混合溶融樹脂を芯部
として複合紡糸し、鞘部を発泡させて多孔質化し
たポリプロピレン樹脂成分が海でポリアミド樹脂
成分が島である海島芯鞘型複合繊維とポリプロピ
レン−ポリエチレン複合接着繊維との混合繊維か
らなるクロスウエブ又はランダムウエブを加熱・
加圧してポリエチレン成分の溶融により構成繊維
相互を一体に接着した見掛密度0.2〜0.5g/cm3
アルカリ電池用セパレーター。
1 A polypropylene resin component made by composite spinning a molten resin mixed with a polypropylene resin, a polyamide resin, and a foaming agent as a sheath, and a core with a mixed molten resin of a polypropylene resin and a polyamide resin, and then foaming the sheath to make it porous. A cross web or random web made of a mixed fiber of a sea-island core-sheath type composite fiber in which the polyamide resin component is an island and a polypropylene-polyethylene composite adhesive fiber is heated in the sea.
A separator for alkaline batteries with an apparent density of 0.2 to 0.5 g/cm 3 in which the constituent fibers are bonded together by melting the polyethylene component under pressure.
JP58071961A 1983-04-22 1983-04-22 Separator for alkaline battery Granted JPS59196556A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58071961A JPS59196556A (en) 1983-04-22 1983-04-22 Separator for alkaline battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58071961A JPS59196556A (en) 1983-04-22 1983-04-22 Separator for alkaline battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59196556A JPS59196556A (en) 1984-11-07
JPH047065B2 true JPH047065B2 (en) 1992-02-07

Family

ID=13475573

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58071961A Granted JPS59196556A (en) 1983-04-22 1983-04-22 Separator for alkaline battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59196556A (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59196556A (en) 1984-11-07

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