JPH0478748B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

<Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a method for opening multifilaments. <Relationship with conventional technology> Spreading multifilaments involves opening multiple multifilaments of different colors, discolorations, or foreign substances, stacking them together and compounding them to obtain multifilaments with new physical properties, or opening multifilaments with new physical properties. It is used in various processes, such as combining filament with staple to obtain a new composite system in which filament and staple are dispersed. Therefore, as a method for opening multifilaments, for example, the multifilaments are ejected from a nozzle together with a high-speed fluid, and the multifilaments are made to collide with a collision plate made of a flat surface, a curved surface, or a combination thereof in front of the nozzle, and the multifilaments are opened by spreading the fluid. A method of charging a multifilament with an electrostatic charge and opening the filament using the repulsive force is well known. However, the former has low fluid utilization efficiency and high energy cost, and since the multifilament is exposed to high-speed fluid, the multifilament vibrates, so when it is being stacked with short fibers in an opened state to form a composite, etc. However, the field of application was severely limited due to the problem of short fibers being blown away. The latter is advantageous in terms of energy costs, but it is difficult for static charges to accumulate on the multifilament, requiring high voltage to be applied to electrodes, etc., which poses problems in operability and safety. Since the multifilament is wound around the thread roller, it is necessary to increase the thread tension, and in this case, there is a problem that the repulsive force of static electricity is inhibited and opening becomes poor. <Objective of the Invention> An object of the present invention is to provide a multifilament opening method that can stably open a multifilament. <Configuration of the Invention> In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the present invention is based on the formula [In the formula, R ₁ and R ₃ are an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R ₂ is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms]. This is a method for opening multifilaments, which is characterized by charging twisted multifilaments to 500 V or more in an untensioned state and opening them. The present invention will be explained in detail below. In the present invention, in order to simultaneously satisfy the chargeability and spreadability of the multifilament, an amine oxide represented by the above formula (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a processing agent) is used.
It is essential to deposit at least 0.1% by weight of If the number of carbon atoms in R ₁ and R ₃ is 5 or more, and the number of carbon atoms in R ₂ is 19 or more, the solubility will be poor when used as an aqueous emulsion, and the viscosity of the treatment agent will also increase, so that it will adhere uniformly to the multifilament. In addition, even if the multifilament becomes electrified due to its viscosity, it becomes difficult to open the filament, so it is excluded from the present invention. Generally, R ₁ and R ₃ are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R ₂ is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
Preferably, 8 to 16 alkyl or alkenyl groups are suitably used. Examples of these preferred amine oxides include, but are not limited to, methyl ethyl octyl amine oxide, dimethyl lauryl amine oxide, diethyl myristyl amine oxide, dipropyl lauryl amine oxide, and dibutyl lauryl amine oxide. Next, the adhesion rate must be at least 0.1% by weight since 0.1% by weight results in poor charging properties and poor opening properties.
However, if the amount is too large, the charging property is improved, but sparks occur at the electrode and the opening property is deteriorated due to the viscosity of the oil, so it is preferably 1% by weight or less. Here, the charging property of the multifilament is the voltage measured at the position shown in Figure 1 using a static electricity meter manufactured by Shishido Shokai Co., Ltd. If the charging voltage of the yarn is not at least 500 V or more, the opening width will be small and unstable. Therefore, in the present invention, the voltage should preferably be 500 V or more, preferably 1000 V or more. However, if you try to increase the charged voltage of the multifilament too much, it will be necessary to increase the voltage applied to the electrodes, which is dangerous.
15000V or less is preferable. Furthermore, the reason why the multifilament is processed without tension is to improve the opening property, but in the present invention, the term tensionless means that the multifilament is processed by an hourly roller that runs the multifilament at a predetermined processing speed. Generally, this tension needs to be increased as the speed increases, and the tension level differs between flat yarn and crimped yarn, so it cannot be generalized, but it is generally 0.02. ~
Approximately 0.06 g/d is preferably adopted. Also, substantially no twisting means less than 30T/M, more preferably 20T/M or less, which is used in ordinary twisting machines.
Refers to items below M. The material of the multifilament used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is composed of at least five filaments, and for example, polyester, nylon, acrylic, promics, acetate, rayon, etc. are preferably used. It also includes crimped yarns such as false twisted yarns. Furthermore, ordinary spinning oils and finishing oils for multifilament may be used, such as mineral oil, fatty acid ester, smoothing agent components such as EO/PO copolymer polyether, and emulsifiers consisting of nonionic activators and anionic activators. , and other additives. Further, the amine oxide described above may be deposited in a separate process, or it may be deposited together with the spinning oil, finishing oil, etc. to achieve the deposition rate described above. Finally, the electrode for charging the multifilament preferably used in the present invention is
There are truncated cone-shaped electrodes as shown in 11248, but they are not limited to these, but there are electrodes that utilize corona discharge, electrodes that use ionized air as a medium,
A method of contacting with a high-voltage electrode can also be used as necessary. <Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to stably open the fibers even at high speeds, and it can be applied to various processing such as mixing multiple filaments, mixing filaments and staples, etc. It is. EXAMPLE The following treatment agent was applied to raw yarn of polyester 50 denier 24 filament spun and drawn in a conventional manner under the conditions shown in Table 1, and an experiment was conducted on charging property and opening property. The treating agents in Table 1 are A: dimethyl lauryl amine oxide B: dipropyl lauryl amine oxide C: dibutyl lauryl amine oxide D: dihexyl uryl amine oxide E: dimethyl alkyl amine oxide F: alkyl phosphate amine salt G: POE alkyl All were made into aqueous emulsions using phenyl ether and deposited at the deposition rates shown in Table 1. The test was carried out using the test machine shown in Fig. 1, and the electrodes shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 11248/1983 were used. Note that l=150 mm. The results are shown in Table 1. (See the next page.) Levels 3, 5, 8-11, 14, and 15 according to the present invention are almost to the electrode.

[Table] (C) shows that the applied voltage and the charging voltage of the multifilament in the comparative example are equal, and the opening width W is also 10 mm or more (measured at the position shown in Figure 1). If there is no treatment agent or only a small amount of treatment agent is applied, the charging voltage will be low and the fiber opening will be poor. Comparative Examples 16-17 in which the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group or alkenyl group were different had good charging properties, but poor opening properties due to the viscosity of the processing agent, which was not good in either case. Next, Comparative Examples 18 and 19 are examples in which phosphate and nonion were used as processing agents, and both of these are excluded from the present invention because of poor fiber opening. Next, Comparative Example 4
Since the electrode voltage was low, the charging voltage of the yarn was low and the fiber opening was also poor.On the other hand, in Comparative Example 13, the electrode voltage was high and sparks occurred at the electrode, making it impossible to process. In Comparative Example 6, the processing tension was low, and as a result, the yarn swayed significantly, making the yarn run unstable and easily winding around the rollers, making stable processing impossible. In Comparative Example 7, the processing tension was high and the fiber opening was small. Moreover, Comparative Example 12 shows an example in which the number of twists of the yarn is too high, so the charging property is good but the opening is poor.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a test machine and a method for evaluating spreadability according to the present invention. 1: Multifilament, 2: Feed roller, 3: Spreading electrode, 4: Guide, 5: Delivery roller, W: Spreading width.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 formula [In the formula, R ₁ and R ₃ are an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R ₂ is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.]
A method for opening a multifilament, characterized in that a substantially untwisted multifilament with a weight percent attached thereto is charged to 500 V or more in a non-tensioned state and then opened.