JPH0481703B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Technical Field) The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for radiant cooling performed by cooling a floor surface, or radiant heating performed by heating or warming a floor surface.

(Prior art) Radiant cooling or heating for floors (hereinafter referred to as
It's called "radiant heating and cooling." ) is carried out by passing a fluid consisting of a cooling medium such as cold air or cold water or a heating medium such as hot air, hot air or hot water through passages provided inside the floor. while the fluid flows through the passageway;
Takes heat from or releases heat to its surroundings. The floor surface is cooled or heated, and the room is cooled or heated by absorbing heat from the surroundings or supplying heat to the surroundings by the fluid.

By the way, in the conventional radiation heating and cooling method, the fluid is supplied from one opening of the passage and discharged to the outside from the other opening. That is, the fluid is made to flow in only one direction. However, in this case,
In particular, in the case of a long passage, there is a large difference in the temperature of the fluid near one opening (upstream) and the other opening (downstream) of the passage, and the temperature of the floor surface located on the upstream side and the downstream There will be a large difference in temperature between the temperature of the floor surface located to the side. For this reason, cooling spaces or heating spaces with large temperature differences have been forced to be unevenly distributed.

(Object of the Invention) An object of the present invention is to enable radiant cooling or radiant heating by minimizing the difference in floor surface temperature that occurs when the floor surface is cooled or heated.

(Structure, operation, and effect of the invention) The radiant heating and cooling method according to the present invention supplies a fluid consisting of a cooling medium or a heating medium to a passage provided inside a floor from one opening of the passage and from the other. It is characterized in that it is performed alternately starting from one opening.

According to the method of the present invention, since the positional relationship between upstream and downstream when flowing fluid through the passage changes alternately, the positional relationship between upstream and downstream remains unchanged. Differences in floor surface temperature can be reduced. As a result, cooling or heating of the room space extending above the floor surface can be made more uniform.

Further, the radiant heating and cooling device according to the present invention includes a floor provided with passages that are open at at least two places that allow passage of a fluid consisting of a cooling medium or a heating medium, a supply source of the fluid, and a connection to the supply source. a pair of tubes having one end portion that is cylindrical, one of the tubes having a hole communicating with an opening of one of the passages in the floor, and the other tube having a hole communicating with an opening of the other one of the passages; a pair of tubes; a first closing means for selectively closing one of the tubes at the one end side of the tubes; and a first closing means for selectively closing one of the tubes at the other end side of the tubes; and a second closing means for automatically closing the device.

According to the device of the present invention, the operation of the first and second closing means opens and closes the conduit at one end and the other end of one tube, respectively, and also opens and closes the conduit at one end of the other tube. and by respectively closing and opening the conduit at its other end, said fluid is introduced from said source into said one conduit, thence through said passageway, and from said passageway into said other conduit. It can be introduced into a tube and released from the other end of the tube. Furthermore, by reversing the closing and opening of the conduits of both tubes, the flow path of the fluid can be set to the supply source, the other tube, the passage, and the one tube. Thereby, the fluid can be supplied alternately from one opening of the passage and from the other opening.

(Embodiments) The features of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of the illustrated embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows an apparatus 10 for implementing the radiant heating and cooling method for floors of the present invention and a floor 12 installed in the apparatus.

The radiant heating and cooling device 10 includes a fluid supply source (not shown) having a device for generating and delivering a fluid consisting of a cooling medium such as cold air or a heating medium such as hot air or warm air, and a fluid supply source (not shown) connected to the supply source. main manager 14
and a pair of branch pipes 16 and 18 connected to the main pipe,
a first closing means for selectively closing either one of the pipe lines of the branch pipes on the one end portions 16a, 18a side of both branch pipes; and the other end portion 16 of both branch pipes.
b, 18b side, and a second closing means for selectively closing either one of the channels of the branch pipe. The branch pipes 16, 18 may be directly connected to the fluid supply source without going through the main pipe 14.

As shown in FIG. 3, the floor 12 includes a floor slab 20 such as a concrete slab, a base layer 22 provided on the floor slab, and a surface layer 24 provided on the base layer and defining the floor surface. including. The floor surface of the illustrated floor 12 has a rectangular shape as a whole.

The pair of branch pipes 16 and 18 each have an L-shape as a whole. Both branch pipes 16 and 18 are connected to the surface layer 24
They are arranged on the outside and above so that they cooperate with each other to form a rectangular shape as a whole. In the illustrated example, the other end portions 16b, 18b of both branch pipes are connected to another main pipe 26. Both main pipes 14 and 26 are connected to the fluid delivery side and the fluid recovery side of the supply source, respectively. The other end portions 16b, 18b of both branch pipes may be open free ends instead of the illustrated example. Both main pipes 14, 26 and both branch pipes 16, 18 can be installed so as to surround the wall of the building in which the floor will be formed.

Each branch pipe is provided with a plurality of holes 28 and 30 at one end and the other end, respectively.
Each hole 28, 30 communicates with a pair of ducts 44, 46, which will be described later, via branch pipes 32, 34, respectively.

The first closing means and the second closing means forming a part of the device 10 are a pair of dampers 3 provided at one end portions 16a and 18a of both branch pipes, respectively.
6, 38, and a pair of dampers 40, 42 provided at the other ends of both branch pipes. Each damper consists of a disk and is fixed to a shaft extending diametrically in each branch pipe and rotatably supported in the branch pipe. Each damper can be rotationally driven, for example, by a motor (not shown) connected to each of the shafts. This makes it possible to independently close and release the conduit at each end of each branch pipe.

Therefore, it is possible to selectively close one of these pipes at each end of the branch pipes 16, 18, opening and closing the dampers 36, 38, respectively, and opening and closing the dampers 40, 42, respectively. When closed and opened (FIG. 1), the fluid supplied from the fluid source can be passed from one branch pipe 16 through a passageway in the bed 12 and discharged to the other branch pipe 18. Also, the opening and closing operations of the dampers 36, 38 and dampers 40, 42 are reversed (second
(FIG.), supply fluid can be introduced into the passage from the other branch pipe 18 and discharged into one branch pipe 16.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a pair of ducts 44 and 46 having an L-shaped planar shape are arranged around the base layer 22 of the floor 12 so as to cooperate with each other to form a rectangular shape as a whole. There is. Both ducts each have a U-shaped cross section, and their open side surfaces are in airtight contact with the 22 side surfaces of the base layer. The end face of each duct is closed.

By the way, the cooling medium and the heating medium may be liquids such as cold water and hot water instead of being gases as described above.
When the fluid is a liquid, it is preferable that the duct be replaced by a pipe member (not shown) having a side portion provided with a hole communicating with the opening of the passage described later. Furthermore, instead of the first and second closing means, the damper, for example, one end portion 16a, 18a and the other end portion 16b, 18b of both branch pipes.
A pair of flow path switching valves (not shown) may be provided at the merging portion of the flow path.

As shown in FIGS. 3-6, the base layer 22 of the floor 12 includes a lower layer 50 disposed on an insulating material 48, such as Styrofoam, and provided with passageways for the fluid. Wire mesh 52 provided above
and an upper layer portion 54 provided on the wire mesh. The heat insulating material 48 is desirably disposed to cover the outer peripheral surface of each duct in order to prevent loss of thermal energy of the fluid. Instead of the illustrated example in which the base layer is composed of two layers, it may be composed of only one layer.

The lower layer part 50 and the upper layer part 54 are made of a plurality of mats each having a rectangular planar shape, which are made by adhering a large number of elastic particles such as rubber chips or cork chips with a large number of interconnecting gaps between them. each formed.

The pine is obtained by spreading a mixture of the large number of granules and the minimum amount of liquid resin necessary for mutually bonding these granules into a mold, and then heating and curing the mixture. be able to. Of course, it can also be formed into a mat shape by assembling a mold on site, spreading the mixture evenly thereon, and curing it.

The lower part 50 has a plurality of mats 50a arranged at intervals in one direction, that is, toward the short sides of the rectangle of the floor surface as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, and a plurality of mats 50a arranged in the other direction. That is, they are formed by arranging them against each other toward the long sides of the rectangle.

The wire mesh 52 has an outer shape approximately equal to the planar shape of the mat 50a, and is arranged on each mat 50a. The wire mesh 52 serves not only to reinforce the floor but also to transfer heat between the lower layer 50 and the upper layer 54.

The upper part 54 arranges mats 54a having a width smaller than the mats 50a on each wire mesh 52 so as to form a step together with the mats 50a, and also arranges a metal plate 56 such as an iron plate between the mats 54a. , is formed by arranging a plurality of mats 54b, which are slightly smaller in thickness than the mats 54a, abutting each other in the other direction on the metal plate. The metal plate defines the first passage section 62, which will be described later, and compensates for the reduction in strength of the floor caused by the provision of the passage section. In the illustrated example, the granules 58 constituting the mat 50a
is the granular material 60 that constitutes the mats 54a, 54b.
The particle size is larger than that of

The mat 50a, the wire mesh 52, and the mat 54a may be integrally formed, and a plurality of integrally formed mats may be laid out on the heat insulating material 48. The mat 50a, the wire mesh 52, and the mat 54a are integrally formed by first adding the granules 60 and the liquid resin mixture into a mold having a bottom and side surfaces that will define the top and side surfaces when they are stacked. This can be carried out by charging and leveling the spread, then placing the wire mesh 52 on top of it, finally charging the mixture of the granules 58 and the liquid resin, leveling it out, and heating and curing it. . The mat 50a can be, for example, the size of a tatami mat.

The mat 50a has a plurality of holes 64 extending in the one direction and opening on both sides of the mat 50a.
are provided at intervals in the other direction. The holes 64 can be formed by placing a round bar in the mold during molding of the mat 50a and pulling it out after demolding.

Mats 50a, heat insulating material 48 and metal plate 5
A space 6 having a rectangular cross-sectional shape defined by 6
The hole 64 that communicates with
a, 46a. A closing plate 66 is disposed at the other end of the space 62 that is open on both sides of the rectangular long side of the base layer 22 so that only one end thereof is open to the outside. The closing plates 66 are arranged every other space on each side of the long side so that the open ends of a pair of adjacent spaces 62 are oriented in opposite directions. The space 62 thus formed and the hole 64 constitute a first passage part and a second passage part, respectively, of the passage for the fluid.

By forming the base layer 22 with a plurality of the mats, the floor construction work can be carried out easily and in a short time.

The surface layer 24 that defines the floor surface is the upper layer 5 of the base layer.
It can be formed by a resin layer formed by applying a liquid resin such as urethane resin to 4. The surface of the mat 54a constituting the upper layer 54 serves as a filler 68 for preventing the liquid resin from dripping;
Plaster, a rubber sheet, a urethane sheet, etc. are adhered to the surface of the wire mesh 52 on the side surface and the stepped portion, and to the surface of the mat 54b.

The radiant heating and cooling method according to the present invention can be carried out as follows using the apparatus and floor structure of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, first, the dampers 36 and 38 constituting the first closing means are rotated to connect one branch pipe 16 with the main pipe 14 and connect the other branch pipe 18 with the main pipe 14. communication is cut off. Further, a damper 40 constituting the second closing means,
42 is rotated to separate one branch pipe 16 and the main pipe 26.
and the other branch pipe 18 and the main pipe 2.
6.

Next, when the fluid is sent out from the supply source, the fluid flows into one duct 44 via the main pipe 14, one branch pipe 16, and a plurality of branch pipes 32.
The fluid that has flowed into the duct 44 flows through its one end 4
4a to the second passage section 64 and from the other end 44b to the first passage section 62.
from its open end, and passes through these passages to the other duct 46 (see dashed arrow). The fluid that has entered the first passageway section 62 flows through the second passageway section 64 toward the other passageway section 62 adjacent to the passageway section because the other end of the passageway section is closed; The other end 46b of the other duct 46 is reached from the open end of the other first passage portion 62. Further, the fluid also flows into the one end portion of the second duct 46 from the second passage portion 64 communicating with the one end portion 46a of the other duct 46.

While the fluid flows through the passageway, the fluid removes heat from or imparts heat to its surroundings. More specifically, the fluid passing through the first passage portion 62 passes through the metal plate 56 and the particulate matter 5 of the lower layer 50.
8 and voids 70 defined in the granules (fifth
Figure) Cools or heats the air inside. Also,
The liquid flowing through the second passageway section 64 cools the wire mesh 52, particulate matter 58, and air in the void 70 (FIG. 6). For good thermal conductivity of the wire mesh 52 arranged over almost the entire floor surface, the lower layer section 5 is placed in the upper layer section 54 over almost the entire bottom surface.
Heat is transferred from the upper layer 54 to cool or heat the air in the granules 60 of the upper layer 54 and the voids 71 defined by the granules, thereby cooling or heating the surface layer 24.

With this floor structure, the length dimension of the second passage section 64 can be set to a small value, thereby reducing the degree of temperature rise or temperature drop of the fluid that occurs when passing through the passage section. I can do it. Further, in this example, the first passage portion 62 does not penetrate the lower layer portion 50. Therefore, there is no heat loss caused by penetrating the lower layer,
The temperature difference of the fluid filling the first passage section 62 at both ends of the first passage section is small. Therefore, no matter where the second passage portion 64 communicates with the first passage portion 62 at any position between both ends of the first passage portion 62, the second passage portion 64 has approximately the same Temperature fluid can be introduced.
This contributes to more uniform cooling or heating of the underlying layer 22.

The fluid in the other duct 46 returns to the fluid supply via the branch pipe 34, the other branch pipe 18 and the main pipe 26. The fluid returned to the supply source is cooled or heated again in the supply source and sent to the main pipe 14.

After a certain period of time or at any time 54
When either one of the upstream side and the downstream side of a reaches a preset temperature value, the first and second closing means are actuated. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the dampers 36 and 38 at one end of the branch pipes 16 and 18 are placed in the closed and open states, respectively, and the dampers 40 and 42 at the other end are turned on.
to the closed and open states, respectively.

The operation of the first and second closing means can be automatically controlled. In the illustrated example, the mat 54 closest to one end of the branch pipe 16
A pair of temperature sensors 72 and 74 such as thermostats are embedded near the surface of a, and when one of the sensors senses the set temperature, a motor electrically connected to the sensor is An electrical signal is sent to a control device (not shown), and the motor is operated based on commands from the control device.

The movement of the fluid after the flow path is switched by the damper is opposite to that described above. In order to avoid duplication of explanation, the outline of the fluid path is shown in FIG. 2 by dashed arrows.

In this way, one of the plurality of openings of the passage (the first passage portion 62 on the other end 44b side of the duct)
and the open end of the second passage portion 64 on the one end 44a side);
The other plurality of openings of the passage (the other end 4 of the duct)
By alternately supplying the liquid from the open end of the first passage section 62 on the 6b side and the open end of the second passage section 64 on the one end 46a side, the liquid can be supplied more uniformly over the entire floor surface. Cooling or heating can be achieved.

In addition, in the case of radiant heating, it is desirable to arrange the heating wire 76 within the first passage portion 62. According to this, by energizing the heating wire 76 at night, for example, after stopping the supply of the fluid, it is possible to minimize the temperature drop in the base layer 22 due to the stoppage of the supply of the fluid. This allows for quick heating the next morning. Also, the first
The passage portion 62 may be a hole passing through the underlayer 22 . Further, the second passage portion 64 may be formed at any position in the vertical direction of the base layer 22. Furthermore, instead of forming the second passage portion 64 as a hole, a groove 7 opening downwardly opens the second passage portion 64, as shown in phantom lines in FIG.
It can be composed of 8. The groove 78 may be open upward. Furthermore, the tubes 16, 18
The duct can be omitted by providing the same number of holes as the openings of the passageway and interconnecting the holes and the openings with another pipe member. However, in the illustrated example, in order to seal the openings of the gaps 70 and 71 to the outside, a plate member is applied to the side surface of the base layer or a liquid resin is applied to the side surface.

In the illustrated example, as described above, the passages are open at multiple locations on the side surface of the base layer 22;
The method and apparatus of the invention can be applied to floors having passageways opening to the exterior of the floor in at least two places. For example, there are examples of floors in which the fluid passages extend in a meandering manner. In this case, branch pipe 16,1
8 is provided with at least holes corresponding to the number of passage openings (if a duct is provided) or the number of openings of the passage (if a duct is not provided). Further, in the illustrated example, the passage is formed in a base layer 22 having cushioning properties and made of a large number of granules. However, this does not prevent the method and device of the invention from being applied to floors having, for example, a hard subfloor and passageways provided therein.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are plan views of the apparatus of the invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1; and FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged plan view of the floor; 5 and 6 are partially enlarged cross-sectional views taken along lines 5-5 and 6-6 of FIG. 4. 10: Radiant heating and cooling device, 12: Floor, 14,2
6: Main pipe, 16, 18: Branch pipe (pair of pipes), 2
0: Floor slab, 22: Base layer, 24: Surface layer, 28,3
0: hole of branch pipe, 36, 38: damper (first closing means), 40, 42: damper (second closing means), 50, 54: upper and lower parts of base layer,
62: first passage portion, 64, 78: second passage portion, 76: heating wire.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A cooling medium or a heating medium is alternately supplied to a passage provided inside the floor and opening to the outside of the floor at at least two places from one opening and the other opening of the passage. , radiant heating and cooling methods. 2. A floor provided with passages opening at least in two places, allowing the passage of a fluid consisting of a cooling or heating medium, a source of said fluid, and a pair of tubes having one end connected to said source. a pair of tubes, one of the tubes having a hole communicating with the opening of one of the passages in the floor, and the other tube having a hole communicating with the opening of the other one of the passages; A first closing means for selectively closing either one of the tubes at one end side, and a second closing means for selectively closing either one of the tubes at the other end side of both tubes. a radiant heating and cooling system, comprising: a closure means; 3. The radiant heating and cooling device according to claim 2, wherein the pair of tubes communicate with each other at one end thereof. 4. said fluid consists of a gas, said first closure means consists of a damper provided at one end of each tube,
The radiant heating and cooling device according to claim 2, wherein the second closing means comprises a damper provided at the other end of each pipe. 5. The passage includes a plurality of first passage portions provided at intervals in one direction, and a plurality of second passage portions provided at intervals in the other direction and communicating with the first passage portions. and each first passage section is open to the outside at only one of its ends, and the open ends are oriented in opposite directions with respect to the mutually adjacent first passage sections. The radiant heating and cooling device described in . 6. The base layer has a lower layer portion and an upper layer portion disposed on the lower layer portion, and each of the lower layer portion and the upper layer portion has a large number of voids in which a large number of elastic granules communicate with each other. 6. The radiant heating and cooling device according to claim 5, wherein the passage is provided in the lower layer portion. 7. The radiant heating and cooling device according to claim 6, wherein a heating wire is arranged in the first passage portion.