JPH048232A - Packaged compost - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce packaging and transportation cost by providing a cloth which packages compost with slits, a hole, etc. CONSTITUTION:A packaging bag 1 is formed by joining or sewing the base and both sides of the top surface cloth 3 such as cotton, wool or jute having suitable corrosiveness and weave texture and the undersurface cloth 4 composed of thick thread and hardly corrodible natural fiber, having dense weave texture and hardly developing main roots from the texture at seams 5 with a sewing machine. Compost 2 used for raising seedlings is then filled from the filling mouth of the packaging bag 1 therein. The packaging bag 1 is subsequently closed and the top surface cloth 3 is provided with slits or a hole 6 for sowing seeds or transplanting young seedlings.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (a) Field of industrial use The present invention relates to seedling-raising materials for growing plant seedlings.

[Conventional technology] The technology and materials currently used for growing plant seedlings are plastic molded pots or unglazed molded bodies filled with culture soil containing an appropriate amount of fertilizer and organic components. This is a method of growing seedlings by sowing seeds in culture soil or transplanting young seedlings.

The water necessary for growing seedlings is supplied by sprinkling from the top opening of the pot, and excess water is drained through a small hole at the bottom of the pot. As this water is discharged, air is drawn into the potting soil through the opening of the pot and absorbed by the roots of the seedling, promoting growth.

The seedlings have grown sufficiently, and in the case of fruits and vegetables, flower bud differentiation, flowering, and fruit set have taken place, and even after planting, the tree's vigor increases and blooming occurs (transplanted from a pot with a limited amount of soil to the main field) (As a result, the roots grow into the unrestricted soil of the 2-plant field and absorb a large amount of nutrients. As a result, the growth of the fruits and vegetables before the 2nd fruit set tends to be vegetative and no longer reproduces.) Once the fear is resolved, the 7 seedlings can be potted. It is extracted along with the soil and planted in the main field.

The seedling growing period for plastic molded pots and clay molded pots is 3.
Fruit vegetables, fruit trees, and flowers that take 0 to 50 days.

For ornamental plants, square or round independent pots with a capacity of 0.5 to several liters are used.

Raising potted flowers, leafy vegetables, and sweet corn seedlings can be done in a short period of time, so
Interlocking plastic molded pots are used, which require less soil.

The shape of the connected plastic molded pot is made by molding a large number of continuous depressions into a plastic sheet about the size of a rice seedling box.
Use each of these pots as a seedling pot and fill it with potting soil.
Seeds are sown, germinated, and grown under environmental control with suitable growth conditions.

Only a small amount of soil, about tens to hundreds of milliliters, is required.

The former is filled with cultivation soil manually, but the latter is filled with soil,
In many cases, seeding is mechanized, and seedlings are grown by companies under environmental control similar to plant factories, and then transported over long distances and shipped for sale.

Of course, it is also possible to grow seedlings by forming peat moss (sphagnum moss), which is vegetable matter, into a forest shape as a seedling material that can be planted in a pot, and then filling it with potting soil containing an appropriate amount of fertilizer and organic components in the same way as above. be.

This has the advantage that roots can penetrate the peat moss pot and take root well after planting, but it cannot be shaped into large pots, the pots tend to chip, and care must be taken when handling them, and the unit price is high. Due to its high cost, it is limited to plants that can be grown in small pots, such as lettuce.

An even simpler method is to combine strips of paper in a lattice pattern to create a number of bottomless rectangular connecting frames.

There are paper pots in which seeds are sown by laying newspaper on the bottom, expanding the connecting frame, and filling the frame with culture soil.It is mainly used for raising small vegetable seedlings such as sugar beet, Chinese cabbage, sweet corn, and lettuce. ing.

Recently, a method has also been developed in which waste paper sheets are formed into connected pots to be used as seedling-raising material, and a machine is used to scrape out each pot individually and plant them in the main field.

This method is mainly used for raising and planting small vegetable seedlings such as Chinese cabbage, sweet corn, and lettuce.

Also, techniques that were used in the past but are now obsolete include:
There is a straw pot made of straw woven into a forest shape and used as a material for raising seedlings.

This does not have the disadvantages of the peat moss pots mentioned above, but it takes a lot of effort to make, and it takes about 2,000 pots per 10 a.
It cannot be applied to growing Chinese cabbage, which requires 4,000 pots.

Also, as a method of growing seedlings without using molded pots.

There is a fill block in which a special seedling growing surface is formed into a square shape and cut into dice, and seeds are sown on one side of the dice shaped seedling growing surface.

Soil blocks require specialized machinery for creation and sowing and are suitable for mass production, so they are used for communal seedling raising.

In addition, soil blocks are mainly used for plants that can be grown in small pots, such as lettuce, because the blocks will collapse if the seedling growing period is not short.

As a technique that has been used since before the war, compost-mixed culture soil is kneaded with water and shaped into a shape to create a seedling bed.Chinese cabbage is sown, and after raising the seedlings, the top of the bed is cut into dice with a knife. There is a method of raising seedlings in brick beds, in which the seedlings are separated and planted.

However, because the work is labor-intensive and requires a high level of skill, the practice of raising seedlings in brick beds, which have good rooting ability, is becoming obsolete.

Brick pots made by kneading compost and forming it into a forest shape were used to raise seedlings of tomatoes and other plants during the post-war period and had good results, but these are now rare as preparation and shaping of the compost requires skill and labor. .

(B) Problems that the invention aims to solve When raising seedlings on the farmers' side, it is difficult to fill the currently used plastic molded pots or clay molded pots with potting soil and sow seeds.
This is done by hand, and it takes a lot of effort to fill so many pots with soil as mentioned above.

Furthermore, for fruits and vegetables that require large pots, there are currently no seedling-raising materials that can be planted in pots.

It takes a lot of effort to extract seedlings from plastic molded pots and the like, place them in planting holes dug in the ridges of the main field, and cover them with soil one by one by hand.

If it were possible to at least plant the entire pot, it would not only reduce labor by one, but also create the possibility of mechanizing the planting process.

Corporate seedlings for leaf vegetables and sweet corn using connected plastic molded pots, etc., have small seedlings and require a short seeding period, so the turnover of seedling facilities is quick, transportation costs are low, and inexpensive seedlings can be produced. It can be sold and spread quickly.

In the case of fruit and vegetables, the seedlings have fully grown, flower buds have differentiated, flowered and fruit set, and even after planting, the tree's vigor increases and flower sieving occurs (
The growth of fruits and vegetables planted in the main field before fruit set tends to be vegetative due to excessive nutrient absorption, and reproductive growth such as flower bud differentiation 2 fruit set does not occur, and only the plant body grows vigorously) until the fear disappears. After raising seedlings for a long period of 50 to 60 days, they are planted in the main field.

Therefore, for fruit vegetables, seedlings have a height of 30 to 30 cm, as mentioned above.
It grows into a large seedling that is 40 centimeters long and takes nearly 1 liter of soil.

For this reason, it is not profitable to grow large fruit and vegetable seedlings under environmental control like a plant factory, transport them over long distances, and then ship and sell them because the seedling growing period, area for growing seedlings, and packaging materials are excessive. It is difficult to avoid it.

In addition, the biggest problem with the practical application of fruit and vegetable cultivation on a corporate basis is that
Even if the seedlings are made into large seedlings as described above, the seedlings must be kept upright to prevent potting soil from spilling when packed in boxes for transportation, resulting in an excessive volume of packaging materials.

(1) Means for solving the problem: Packing the culture soil used for raising seedlings with cloth made of fibers with suitable corrosive properties such as cotton, wool, jute, etc. (hereinafter referred to as cloth), including non-woven fabrics with suitable corrosive properties. 1. Provide openings such as cuts and holes for sowing seeds and transplanting young seedlings.

In order to prevent culture soil from spilling out through cuts, holes, etc., it is convenient to make broken lines in the cloth to provide openings for sowing seeds and transplanting young seedlings.

When sowing seeds or transplanting young seedlings, open the opening by pushing through the broken lines.

If cuts or holes are made, attach paper or pressure-sensitive adhesive tape of appropriate strength to these openings to prevent culture soil from leaking out, and then push through the holes when sowing seeds or transplanting young seedlings. , then peel it off.

In addition, since the lower part of the cloth during seedling raising is damp and prone to rot, the fibers of the cloth should be made of thick thread to prevent the cultivation soil from rotting and spilling during seedling raising.

Usually, the weave of the cloth in the lower part is made dense so that the taproot is difficult to grow from the weave.

However, if the cloth is exposed to light when raising seedlings, the roots will not grow outside the cloth.

Therefore, if you are raising seedlings on a bench and the bench has a structure such as a net or lattice that receives light from the bottom, the weave of the cloth in the lower part during seedling raising does not need to be dense.

In addition, for leafy vegetables whose seedlings are raised for a short period of time, as well as for plants with stubble, perishable cloth may be used.

As for the shape of the packaging, a flat shape with an elliptical cross section, like a small jute bag, is suitable because it is stable, absorbs sunlight well, and easily raises the temperature of the culture soil.

As mentioned above, the amount of culture soil to be packaged varies depending on the seedlings to be grown, ranging from several tens of cc for two-leaf vegetables to 11 cc for fruit vegetables.

To further reduce the labor involved in sowing, the culture soil used for raising seedlings should be completely dried and wrapped in cloth made of a suitable corrosive fiber such as cotton, wool, or jute, and the cloth should have slits and holes for seed germination. The seeds are buried in the culture soil in the opening, and the two germination openings are sealed with a water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or a water-soluble adhesive.

As a water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, the trade name "Disorbo", which is commercially available as a water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive label made by coating water-soluble paper with a water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive, is suitable and inexpensive.

Polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives are preferred as water-soluble adhesives, but starch-based adhesives can also be used as long as they dry immediately.

As mentioned above, the technical concept of packaging culture soil in advance and molding them into individual molds and using them for raising seedlings has not existed until now.

This is just a matter of filling a pot with soil, sowing the seedlings, raising them, and then transplanting the seedlings from the pot to the main field with the potted soil attached (the potted soil is hardened by the roots into the shape of the pot due to the formation of a root ball). This is probably because technical thought could not make a leap forward from the standard of conventional technology.

(1) If the working seeds are not embedded, one seed is sown with a piece of paper glued to the opening of the cut, hole, etc., and when transplanting young seedlings, it is pushed out or peeled off, and the seeds are pushed into the culture soil with a Vincent. Plant young seedlings.

If the seeds are embedded, leave them as they are and place the packaged culture soil in the nursery bed.

In the conventional method of raising seedlings in pots, irrigation is performed by sprinkling water from the pot soil and collecting water at the top of the pot, which penetrates into the pot soil (cultivating soil) and drains from the pot holes at the bottom, allowing air to be aired from the surface of the pot soil. The plants inhale water to supply water to the potted soil and air to the roots.

With this packaged culture soil, in addition to watering by sprinkling water from above as in the past, it is also possible to supply water to one seedling by two-capillary action by placing the packaged culture soil on a mat that has absorbed water.

In the case of seed embedding, the water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or water-soluble adhesive covering the opening is peeled off or dissolved by this water supply, and does not pose an obstacle to seed germination.

When planting, if a seedling grown in this packaged culture soil is placed on the soil surface of a single field, fine roots will first emerge from the weave of the cloth, penetrate the soil, and take root.

Next, the cloth corrodes at the point where it comes into contact with the soil, and the taproot extends into the soil and begins to grow.

(e) To explain with reference to the drawings of the embodiment, FIG. 1 shows a packaging bag 1 made by sewing together packaging cloth, and the filling opening is filled with culture soil 2 and the filling opening is closed.

Upper surface cloth 3 that serves as the upper surface of the packaging bag 1 during seedling raising and provides openings 6 for seed sowing, cuts, holes, etc. for seedling transplantation, and transplant openings 6.
It is made of thin, easily corroded fibers and coarsely woven cloth.

The lower cloth 4 that forms the lower surface of the packaging bag 1 has thick threads;
As a general rule, they are made of natural fibers that do not easily corrode in the short term.

In the case of normal pond bed raising of seedlings, in the case of controlling the elongation of the taproot of fruits and vegetables, etc., the weave of the lower surface cloth 4 is made dense so that the taproot does not easily grow out of the weave.

However, if the cloth is exposed to light when raising seedlings, the roots will not grow outside of the cloth, so as mentioned above, when raising seedlings on a bench, a seedling raising facility with a structure where the bench is exposed to light from the bottom of a net, lattice, etc. (often used for corporate seedling raising), the weave of the lower cloth 4 does not need to be dense.

The color of the upper cloth 3 and the lower cloth 4 is black, which is easy to raise the culture soil temperature for growing seedlings in winter, and white, which easily reflects sunlight and has the effect of repelling flying aphids, for raising seedlings in summer.
Silver color is preferable.

The top cloth 3 and the bottom cloth 4 are joined at the bottom and both sides by gluing or sewing 5 as shown in Figure 2, and then the packaging bag 1 is assembled as shown above.
Configure.

Of course, the effect is the same even if the socks are woven like a bag by changing the materials and weave of the upper and lower cloths.

Figure 2 shows the situation in which two seedlings grown using the packaged culture soil were set up in a field, and fine roots have begun to develop.

Seedlings 7 protrude from the sowing/transplanting opening 6 and continue to grow.

Fine roots 8 are generated from the texture of the lower cloth 4 and penetrate into the ridges 9.

In greenhouses and plastic greenhouses, water 11 is supplied to the ridges 9 through holes in the irrigation pipes 10 or irrigation nozzles, and is then absorbed by the roots in the packaged culture soil through the lower cloth 4.

In open fields, it is similarly supplied by rainfall. Even if the packaged culture soil is thoroughly watered during planting, the root ball will not collapse like when other seedling raising materials are used.

Therefore, even when planting in a dry ridge in the open field, the necessary moisture is absorbed into the culture soil during the period from when the fine roots 8 emerge from the weave of the lower surface cloth 4 and penetrate into the ridge top 9 to absorb moisture. It can be impregnated in advance.

Of course, the fine roots 8 penetrating the ridges 9 also absorb nutrients as well as moisture, but if the weave of the underside fabric 4 is dense and the taproot does not grow from the weave, the underside fabric 4 Nutrient absorption is limited until the taproot penetrates the ridge ±9 due to erosion.

If the weave of the lower surface fabric 4 is dense so that the taproot does not easily grow from the weave, the extension of the taproot into the soil can be prevented by a node 9.
A planting hole is dug in ridge 9 of the main field, and the seedlings grown in this packaged culture soil are placed here.

Then, if you cover the entire packaged culture soil with soil at an appropriate time (for fruits and vegetables, grow up to 2 flowers and 2 fruits), the taproot will extend into the soil through the weave of the coarsely woven top cloth 3, and further. The easily corroded upper surface cloth 3 corrodes in the soil at an early stage, and the elongation of the taproot is promoted.

In addition, as mentioned above, when raising seedlings of plants that require short-term seedlings, such as nine-leaf vegetables, or when raising seedlings on a bench in a seedling-raising facility with a structure where the benches are exposed to light from the bottom of a net or lattice, etc., two upper surface cloths are used. The lower cloth 4 may be made of the same easily corroded material and textured fiber as in 3 and used for raising seedlings.

To further save labor, seeds are embedded in the culture soil 2 in advance.

As shown in the side perspective view of Figure 3, openings such as cuts and holes 6 for seed germination are provided in the upper cloth 3, and seeds 12 are buried in the culture soil 2 at the bottom of the opening for germination. The opening 6 is sealed with a water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or a water-soluble adhesive 13.

In this case, the culture soil 2 is completely dried and the embedded seeds 12 are
Prevent the germination power from being lost due to water absorption.

In particular, in the case of corporate production in which seeds are embedded in advance by mechanical work, one seed is separated by a shape sorting machine, a specific gravity sorting machine, a color sorting machine, etc. Seeds with poor germination are removed by thorough screening, and seed treatments such as high-pressure infiltration with a high molecular weight polyethylene glycol solution are applied to ensure complete germination even when sown.

For Chinese cabbage, lettuce, radish, etc., which have fine seeds, coated seeds obtained by wrapping the seeds in clay or the like and granulating them, as is currently done, will have good workability and germination.

(Power) Effects Therefore, if this packaged culture soil is industrially mass-produced in advance, when farmers individually use it for raising seedlings, there is no need to pack the culture soil into molded pots.

Furthermore, if the seeds are embedded in culture soil in advance, the labor required for sowing can be saved.

Unlike burying seeds in pot soil, single-pack culture soil is completely sealed in packaging bag 1, so the culture soil will not scatter or move (the seeds will not fly out). , never moves.

In addition, when raising seedlings and grafting industrially in corporate seedling raising, 2
For mechanical sowing or grafting of young seedlings, this packaged culture soil is much easier to handle than molded pots or connected pots, which tend to spill potting soil, and is suitable for mechanical manipulation and handling.

To make it as easy to handle as a connected pot, one container of culture soil should be lined up in a hand box such as a rice seedling nursery box, and each box should be raised and transported.

If the seedlings are not covered with soil not only during seedling raising but also after two plants are planted, the development of tap roots can be restricted, and air is supplied from the entire surface of the wrapping cloth, resulting in good root development of the seedlings.

When planting seedlings in the main field, as a general rule, as mentioned above, planting is done by digging holes, using plastic molded pots, or
Instead of removing the seedlings from the clay molded pots, all you have to do is place the seedlings grown in the packaged culture soil as gifts, which greatly simplifies the planting process.

In the cultivation of fruits and vegetables, seedlings grow only in the rhizosphere, which has limited nutrients and moisture in the packaged culture soil, until the taproot extends into the soil from the wrapping cloth of the single packaged culture soil.

Therefore, the top cloth 3. By appropriately combining and adjusting the material and weave structure of the lower cloth 4, the elongation timing of the taproot into the soil of the main field can be determined at gML.

In addition, if the weave of the lower cloth 4 is dense so that the taproot does not easily grow through the weave, the timing of the elongation of the taproot into the soil of the main field can be adjusted by adjusting the soil covering period as described above. .

For this reason, even if young fruit and vegetable seedlings grown in a small volume of packaged culture soil similar to those in connected pots are planted in the main field, vegetative growth due to excessive nutrient absorption does not occur immediately, growth is suppressed, and reproductive growth is suppressed. Because it leans towards this, one flower and one fruit set are good.

Therefore, it takes a long time to raise fruit and vegetable seedlings in large pots, and to transplant seedlings in small connected pots into large seedling pots and raise them in a limited amount of soil, as well as the greenhouse area, growing period, transportation, and packaging costs. This saves money and allows for the industrial production and long-distance transportation of small fruit and vegetable seedlings.

Since the culture soil is wrapped in cloth, the soil will not spill out even if the grown seedlings are laid on their sides during transportation, so a large amount of fully wrapped culture soil seedlings can be stored in a box with the same volume. , packaging and transportation costs can be reduced.

For the same reason, mechanization of planting is also easy because the soil does not spill out. To make it simple, simply drop the packaged cultured seedlings onto the main field at regular intervals. Even if the seedlings do not stand upright, there is no problem as they will grow upward as they grow.

In addition, as a product that has some of the functions of two-packed culture soil, the culture soil can be wrapped in a water-soluble film such as polyvinyl alcohol to match the shape of the pot, or molded by mixing polyvinyl alcohol solution with the culture soil. There is also a method of drying, embedding nine seeds in the same way, and placing them in pot soil for use in raising seedlings.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a perspective view, Figure 2 is a side view, and Figure 3 is a side perspective view. 1 is a culture soil packaging bag, 2 is a culture soil, 3 is a top cloth, 4
5 is the bottom cloth, 5 is the sewing machine, 6 is the frontage of sowing and transplanting 2 for germination, 7 is the seedling, 8 is the fine root, 9 is the top of the ridge, 10 is the irrigation pipe, 11
is water, 12 is seed 13 is water-soluble pressure sensitive adhesive tape or water-soluble adhesive

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Wrap the culture soil used for raising seedlings in cloth with appropriate corrosive fibers and textures such as cotton, wool, jute, etc., and make cuts and holes in the cloth for sowing seeds and transplanting young seedlings. Naru packaging culture soil (2) Dry the culture soil used for raising seedlings and wrap it in cloth with suitable corrosive fibers and textures such as cotton, wool, jute, etc.
The cloth is made with openings such as cuts and holes for seed germination, the seeds are buried in culture soil in the openings, and the openings are sealed with water-soluble adhesive tape or water-soluble adhesive. packaging culture soil