【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は粉末冶金法によつて得られる高速度鋼
に関し、C及びNの含有量を関連的に調整するこ
とによつて得られる高硬度、高靭性、高耐摩耗性
及び高耐焼付性の粉末高速度鋼に関するものであ
る。
高速度鋼は、C、Cr、W、Vを必須要件的に
含有するものであり、更にMo及びCoの一方又は
両方を選択的若しくは必須的に含ませることによ
つて硬さや靭性の改善を図つているが、更にNを
加えることにより高速度鋼としての諸性能を一層
向上させるという試みが展開されている。例えば
特開昭54−11810〜同54−11818は本出願人の開発
に係る一連の含窒素粉末高速度鋼であり、これら
は熱処理上の問題、或は靭性等の機械的性質への
悪影響を伴なうことなしに切削性能の改善を図る
ものとして提案したものであり、各種の溶製高速
度鋼に対する粉末高速度鋼、しかも窒素含粉末高
速度鋼の実用化に向けて大きい功績を果してい
る。即ちこれらの提案は、粉末冶金法を採用した
場合、任意のN量を富化し得ること、炭素化
物を微細均一に形成し得ること、という効果が得
られる点に着目しこれを利用したものであるが、
各種加工の高精度化及び低コスト化(加工の高速
度化)が強く望まれ、更に被加工材の高硬度化が
進む現況下においてその有用性が広く認識されつ
つある。
本発明はこの様な状況に鑑みてなされたもので
あり、苛酷な条件に耐え得る高靭性・高耐摩耗
性・高耐焼付性等の優れた特性を広範囲に亘つて
享受する為に、未開拓の合金組成分野において新
規な含窒素粉末高速度鋼を提供することを目的と
するものである。
上記目的に適うものとして茲に提供される高硬
度、高靭性、高耐摩耗性及び高耐焼付性を満足す
る含窒素粉末高速度鋼とは、
C:次式を満足する量(重量%、以下単に%)
Ceq+0.15≦C+12/14N≦Ceq+0.35
但しCeq=0.19+0.017(W+2Mo)+0.22V
上式において、N、W、Mo及びVは夫々鋼中
の含有量(%)
Cr:3〜5%
Mo:4〜7%
W :5〜7%
[但し(W+2Mo)=15〜20%]
V :3.3%を超え3.8%以下
N :0.2〜1.2%
を含有する点に要旨を有するものである。
高速度鋼の主要合金元素は前述の通りであるが
このうちCは、Cr、Mo、W、V等の炭化物形成
元素と密接な関係を有し、高速度鋼の諸性質に大
きな影響を与える。その為C含有量については炭
化物形成元素、特にMo、W、Vの配合量との関
連を考慮して規定すべきあるとされており、例え
ば「鉄と鋼」(第45巻第5号第511〜516頁)には、
Ceq=0.19+0.017(W+2Mo)+0.22V
の関係式が提示されており、W、Mo及びVとの
関連を考慮せずにC含有量を決定することは当分
野において実質的に採用され得ないところである
(尚上式はCrを約4%で固定したときの計算式で
ある)。
一方Nは合金元素的に見ればCと類似している
点があり、特に両者の原子量は夫々12、14と小さ
く、鋼に対してはいずれも侵入型の原子であるか
ら、安定な合金化合物を生成し易い。その為Nを
多く含有させようとする本発明の主旨の下では、
N含有量を単独で調整するよりも、C量とN量を
相関させて両者含有量を設定すべきであるとの結
論に到達した。
この線に沿つて一定の結論を得る目的で次に述
べる様な実験を行なつた。
第1表に示す様な合金組成からなる粉末鋼をガ
スアトマイズ法で製造し、これを窒化処理した後
いわゆるHIPによつて緻密化されたビレツトを得
た。これを供試材として最高熱処理硬さ及び衝撃
値を求めたところ、第1、2図に示す様な結果が
得られた。
尚第1表において
ΔC=[C+12/14N]−Ceq
と置いたのは、前述の如くCとNが当分野におい
て略同効元素と考えられ、原子量の違いを換算す
れば対等と見倣し得たからである。
The present invention relates to high-speed steel obtained by powder metallurgy, which has high hardness, high toughness, high wear resistance, and high anti-seizure properties by adjusting the contents of C and N in a related manner. It concerns powder high speed steel. High-speed steel contains C, Cr, W, and V as essential elements, and can also improve hardness and toughness by selectively or indispensably containing one or both of Mo and Co. However, attempts are being made to further improve various performances as a high-speed steel by adding N. For example, JP-A-54-11810 to JP-A-54-11818 are a series of nitrogen-containing powder high-speed steels developed by the present applicant, which have problems with heat treatment or adverse effects on mechanical properties such as toughness. This was proposed as a way to improve cutting performance without any associated problems, and it has achieved great success in the practical application of powdered high-speed steels as opposed to various types of melt-produced high-speed steels, and moreover, of nitrogen-containing powdered high-speed steels. There is. In other words, these proposals focus on and take advantage of the fact that when a powder metallurgy method is adopted, it is possible to enrich any amount of N, and it is possible to form fine and uniform carbonized materials. Yes, but
In the current situation where there is a strong desire for higher precision and lower cost (higher processing speed) in various types of processing, and furthermore, the hardness of workpiece materials is increasing, its usefulness is becoming widely recognized. The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and is an attempt to make the present invention more effective than ever before, in order to enjoy over a wide range of excellent properties such as high toughness, high wear resistance, and high seizure resistance that can withstand harsh conditions. The purpose is to provide a new nitrogen-containing powder high-speed steel in the pioneering field of alloy composition. Nitrogen-containing powder high-speed steel that satisfies high hardness, high toughness, high wear resistance, and high seizure resistance is provided as a material that meets the above purpose: C: An amount that satisfies the following formula (wt%, (hereinafter simply %) Ceq+0.15≦C+12/14N≦Ceq+0.35 However, Ceq=0.19+0.017 (W+2Mo)+0.22V In the above formula, N, W, Mo, and V are each content (%) in the steel Cr : 3~5% Mo: 4~7% W: 5~7% [However, (W + 2Mo) = 15~20%] V: More than 3.3% and 3.8% or less N: 0.2~1.2% It is something that you have. The main alloying elements of high-speed steel are as mentioned above, and among these, C has a close relationship with carbide-forming elements such as Cr, Mo, W, and V, and has a great influence on the various properties of high-speed steel. . Therefore, it is said that the C content should be specified in consideration of the relationship with the blending amount of carbide-forming elements, especially Mo, W, and V. (pp. 511-516) presents the relational expression Ceq = 0.19 + 0.017 (W + 2Mo) + 0.22V, and it is impossible to determine the C content without considering the relationship with W, Mo and V. This is a point that cannot be practically adopted in this field (the above formula is a calculation formula when Cr is fixed at about 4%). On the other hand, N is similar to C in terms of alloying elements, in particular their atomic weights are small at 12 and 14, respectively, and both are interstitial atoms in steel, making them stable alloy compounds. Easy to generate. Therefore, under the purpose of the present invention to contain a large amount of N,
It was concluded that rather than adjusting the N content alone, the C content and the N content should be correlated and the content of both should be set. In order to reach certain conclusions along this line, we conducted the following experiments. Powdered steel having the alloy composition shown in Table 1 was manufactured by gas atomization, and after being nitrided, a billet was obtained which was densified by so-called HIP. When the maximum heat treatment hardness and impact value were determined using this as a test material, the results shown in Figures 1 and 2 were obtained. The reason for setting ΔC=[C+12/14N]-Ceq in Table 1 is because, as mentioned above, C and N are considered to be approximately equivalent elements in this field, and if the difference in atomic weight is converted, they can be considered equal. Because I got it.
【表】【table】
【表】
第1図は横軸にΔC、縦軸にロツクウエル硬さ
を示したものであるが、HRCを66以上に高め得
たものは、ΔCが0.15〜0.35の範囲内にありΔCが
0.11(B2)ではHRCが66に到達せず、ΔCが0.43
(B4)では4回の焼戻しによつてはじめて66以上
のHRCを示すに過ぎず2回焼戻しでは66に及ば
ない。即ちNの添加によつて高硬度化するために
は、前記計算式から求められるΔCが0.15〜0.35の
値を示す様に調整する必要があり、N含有量は
C、W、Mo及びV各含有量の関連において定め
られるべきであるとの結論を得た。尚ΔCが低い
場合は炭窒化物の形成量が少ない為に高硬度が得
られなかつたものと思われ、一方ΔCが高い場合
は焼入時に残留オーステナイトが増加したために
焼戻し回数を増加させる必要が生じたり又焼戻し
をしても高硬度を獲得し難くなつたものと思われ
る。
次に第2図は横軸にΔC、縦軸にシヤルピー衝
撃値をとつたものであるが、0.15≦ΔC≦0.35を満
足しないものはシヤルピー衝撃値が極めて低いの
に対し上記範囲を満足したものでは飛躍的に改善
されている。又上記範囲を満足するもの(A1〜
A4)同士で比較すると、N含有量の多いA4が特
に優れた靭性を示す様であつた。
そこでN含有量において、上記諸効果並びに高
速度鋼として要求される諸性能を有効に発揮し得
る最低必要量が存在するのではないかと考え、次
に述べる様な実験を行なつた。
まず上記4鋼種(A1〜A4)を素材とするバイ
トを試作し、SNCM41を被削材として切削試験
を行なつたところ、バイトのクレータ摩耗深さは
第3図に示す様な結果を示した。尚切削条件は下
記の通りとした。
切削速度:20m/分 切削長:200m
切込み :1.5mm 送り:0.2mm/rev
潤滑剤 :無し
第3図に見られる通り、クレータ摩耗深さが小
さいのはN含有量が0.2%以上のものに限られ、
N含有量が0.04%のものではクレータ摩耗が約2
倍になつた。
次に同じく上記4鋼種を素材として第4図に記
載した様な半円状ダイスを製造し、それらを対向
させると共にその間に鋼板(SCM415)を挾み付
け、両側からのダイス押付荷重(M・M′方向:
300Kg)、鋼板の引抜き速度(N方向:100mm/分)
を設定し(無潤滑剤)、摩擦係数を求めたところ
第4図に示す様な結果が得られた。即ちN含有量
が0.04%のものでは大きな摩擦係数を示したが、
0.2%以上では急激に小さくなつていることが分
かつた。
以上第3,4図に示した結果を判断すると、高
速度鋼として用いたときの耐摩耗性及び耐焼付性
を満足させる為にはN含有量を0.2%以上にすべ
きであるとの結論が得られたが、その効果は1.2
%あたりで飽和に達するので、1.2%を上限の目
安と定めた。
上記した如く含窒素粉末高速度鋼における要点
即ちC及びNの各含有量について一定の結論を得
たが、残余の合金元素については、JIS・SKH53
と同54の中間的鋼種を狙うという観点から次の様
に定めた。即ちSKH53はCr:3.80〜4.50、Mo:
4.80〜62.0、W:5.50〜6.70、V:2.80〜3.30(各
%)であり、他方SKH54はCr:3.80〜4.50、
Mo:4.50〜5.50、W:5.30〜6.50、V:3.90〜
4.50(各%)であるところから、本発明の高速度
鋼については、Cr:3〜5%、Mo:4〜7%、
W:5〜7%(但しW+2Mo:15〜20%)、V:
3.3%を超え3.8%以下と定めた。即ちCr、Mo、
W、Vの4元素については、耐摩耗性の改善効果
を十分に発揮させるという観点から夫々の下限を
定めたが、Crの下限値は耐酸化性の改善効果を
実質的に発揮させるという点からも重要である。
次に上限については、Crは効果の発現が飽和に
達するという点から定め、W、Mo、Vは靭性に
悪影響を与えない程度という点から定めた。尚残
部は実質的に鉄及び不可避不純物から構成され
る。
前記第1表に示した11鋼種は全てこれらの条件
を満足するものであり、これらのうちA2,A3,
A4,B3,B6の5鋼種がC及びN含有量に関する
前記条件を満足するものであるから、該5鋼種は
本発明の実施例鋼とみなすことができる。
本発明は以上述べた様に構成されているので、
高硬度・高靭性・耐摩耗性・耐焼付性の優れた新
規な含窒素粉末高速度鋼を提供することができる
に至つた。[Table] Figure 1 shows ΔC on the horizontal axis and Rockwell hardness on the vertical axis. Products that can increase HRC to 66 or higher have ΔC in the range of 0.15 to 0.35 and ΔC
0.11(B2) HRC does not reach 66 and ΔC is 0.43
(B4) shows an HRC of 66 or higher only after four times of tempering, and does not reach 66 after two times of tempering. That is, in order to increase the hardness by adding N, it is necessary to adjust so that ΔC obtained from the above calculation formula shows a value of 0.15 to 0.35, and the N content is It was concluded that it should be determined in relation to the content. If ΔC is low, high hardness cannot be obtained because the amount of carbonitrides formed is small, whereas if ΔC is high, retained austenite has increased during quenching, so it is necessary to increase the number of times of tempering. It seems that it has become difficult to obtain high hardness even if hardened or tempered. Next, in Figure 2, the horizontal axis shows ΔC and the vertical axis shows the Shalpy impact value. Those that do not satisfy 0.15≦ΔC≦0.35 have extremely low Shalpy impact values, while those that satisfy the above range It has improved dramatically. Also, those that satisfy the above range (A1~
When comparing A4) with each other, A4 with a high N content seemed to exhibit particularly excellent toughness. Therefore, we thought that there may be a minimum necessary amount of N content that can effectively exhibit the above-mentioned effects and the various performances required for high-speed steel, and conducted experiments as described below. First, we prototyped a cutting tool made from the above four steel types (A1 to A4) and conducted a cutting test using SNCM41 as the work material, and the crater wear depth of the tool showed the results as shown in Figure 3. . The cutting conditions were as follows. Cutting speed: 20m/min Cutting length: 200m Depth of cut: 1.5mm Feed: 0.2mm/rev Lubricant: None As seen in Figure 3, the crater wear depth is small when the N content is 0.2% or more. limited,
Crater wear is approximately 2 for those with N content of 0.04%.
It's doubled. Next, semicircular dies as shown in Fig. 4 were manufactured using the above four steel types as raw materials, and they were made to face each other and a steel plate (SCM415) was sandwiched between them. M′ direction:
300Kg), steel plate drawing speed (N direction: 100mm/min)
(no lubricant), and the friction coefficient was determined, and the results shown in Figure 4 were obtained. In other words, the one with a N content of 0.04% showed a large friction coefficient, but
It was found that the value decreased rapidly above 0.2%. Judging from the results shown in Figures 3 and 4 above, it is concluded that the N content should be 0.2% or more in order to satisfy wear resistance and seizure resistance when used as high-speed steel. was obtained, but the effect was 1.2
Since saturation is reached at about 1.2%, the upper limit was set at 1.2%. As mentioned above, we have reached a certain conclusion regarding the main points of nitrogen-containing powder high-speed steel, namely the contents of C and N, but regarding the remaining alloying elements, JIS/SKH53
From the perspective of aiming for an intermediate steel type between the same and 54, the following was determined. That is, SKH53 has Cr: 3.80 to 4.50, Mo:
4.80 to 62.0, W: 5.50 to 6.70, V: 2.80 to 3.30 (each %), while SKH54 has Cr: 3.80 to 4.50,
Mo: 4.50~5.50, W: 5.30~6.50, V: 3.90~
4.50 (each %), for the high speed steel of the present invention, Cr: 3 to 5%, Mo: 4 to 7%,
W: 5-7% (however, W+2Mo: 15-20%), V:
It has been set as exceeding 3.3% and below 3.8%. That is, Cr, Mo,
For the four elements W and V, lower limits were set for each from the perspective of fully exhibiting the effect of improving wear resistance, but the lower limit of Cr was set so that the effect of improving oxidation resistance could be substantially exhibited. It is also important from
Next, regarding the upper limit, Cr was determined from the viewpoint that the expression of effect reaches saturation, and W, Mo, and V were determined from the viewpoint that they do not adversely affect toughness. The remainder essentially consists of iron and unavoidable impurities. All 11 steel types shown in Table 1 above satisfy these conditions, and among these, A2, A3,
Since the five steel types A4, B3, and B6 satisfy the above conditions regarding C and N contents, these five steel types can be considered as example steels of the present invention. Since the present invention is configured as described above,
We have now been able to provide a new nitrogen-containing powder high-speed steel with excellent hardness, high toughness, wear resistance, and seizure resistance.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]
第1図はΔCとロツクウエル硬さの相関を示す
グラフ、第2図はΔCとシヤルピー衝撃値の相関
を示すグラフ、第3図はN含有量と耐摩耗性の相
関を示すグラフ、第4図はN含有量と耐焼付性の
相関を示すグラフである。
Figure 1 is a graph showing the correlation between ΔC and Rockwell hardness, Figure 2 is a graph showing the correlation between ΔC and Charpy impact value, Figure 3 is a graph showing the correlation between N content and wear resistance, Figure 4 is a graph showing the correlation between N content and seizure resistance.