JPH0486329A - Monoatomic gas internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise engine thermal efficiency in an internal combustion engine to which oxygen and hydrogen are supplied as fuel by providing a means of adding other monoatomic gas than oxygen and hydrogen as a working gas to oxygen and a means of recovering monoatomic gas by cooling the exhaust gas. CONSTITUTION:In the combustion chamber 40, a mixture gas obtained by mixing a working gas 60 of such a monoatomic gas as He or Ar and oxygen 62 with a mixer 61 is introduced in the suction stroke. After its adiabatic expansion, hydrogen fuel 20 is injected from a fuel valve 21 and the mixture is then ignition-combusted with an ignitor, so that work is imparted to a piston 11 via the expansion stroke. A exhaust turbine 33 is driven with a high temperature, high-pressure exhaust 32 from the combustion chamber 40 so that electric power is generated with a generator 34, and the exhaust is cooled with a condenser 51. Water content occurring with combustion of hydrogen and oxygen is condensed into water 52, which is discharged from the system. On the other hand, the working gas 60 is again supplied as a monoatomic gas to the mixer 61.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to monatomic gas internal combustion engines.

[Conventional technology]

FIG. 3 shows an example of a conventional internal combustion engine using adiabatic compression, in which air is used as the working gas and hydrogen is used as the fuel. A piston 11 driven by a crankshaft 10 sucks air 30 as a working gas into a combustion chamber 40, adiabatically compresses it to high temperature and pressure, and then injects hydrogen 20 as fuel from a fuel valve 21 (not shown). Ignite and burn using the igniter.

An example of an ignition device is one that injects a small amount of light oil from a fuel injection valve.

As a result, heat is supplied to the high-temperature, high-pressure working gas, and work is applied to the piston 11 through the expansion stroke of the combustion chamber 40. Changes in the pressure P and volume V of the working gas in the combustion chamber 40 at this time are shown in the Pv diagram in FIG. 3. That is, 1→3 is the compression stroke, 3→4 is the process of supplying heat to the working gas through combustion, and 4→5 is the expansion stroke. After the expansion stroke, the working gas in the combustion chamber 40 is discharged by the piston 11 together with the exhaust gas 31. be done.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In claim (1), the thermal efficiency η of the diesel cycle shown in FIG. 3 is expressed by the following equation.

Here, ε-Vl/V2: compression ratio - specific heat ratio of working gas ρ-V4/V3: degree of isobaricity Therefore, to increase thermal efficiency η, increase ε, ρ
In order to make it smaller, it is necessary to make it larger. However, if ε is increased (then the maximum explosion pressure Pmaχ will increase, and the piston 11 and crankshaft 10 will be damaged.
If the amount of heat given to the compressed working gas is reduced, the output will be reduced.

Therefore, the thermal efficiency is improved by increasing only the specific heat ratio.

In addition, in the method of claim (1) in which the gas and 02 gas are mixed and sucked in the suction stroke, 0° gas remains in the recovered monatomic gas, and the value of the specific heat ratio becomes small, resulting in a decrease in thermal efficiency. Furthermore, a part of the H2 gas 20 injected from the fuel valve 21 reacts with the 0□ gas in the working gas that is present near the cylinder sliding surface and burns, generating heat, causing the sliding surface to reach a high temperature. Therefore, the lubricating oil on the sliding surface evaporates or changes in quality, causing piston seizure. Therefore, claim (2) aims to solve this problem.

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of the conventional device, and to provide a monatomic gas internal combustion engine that increases the specific heat ratio and improves the thermal efficiency of the engine in a diesel engine that recovers and repeatedly uses monatomic gas. It is on offer.

[Means to solve the problem]

In claim (1), the current working gas using air is 1 (
By changing to monatomic gases such as E and Ar, we can significantly improve thermal efficiency.

Further, in claim (2), the combustion chamber is divided into a main chamber including a piston sliding part and an auxiliary chamber communicating with the main chamber via a communication passage, and further, fuel and oxygen are supplied to the auxiliary chamber. A means of supplying the equipment shall be provided.

[For production]

In claim (1), the air which is the working gas is mainly composed of N2,0□ and is a diatomic gas. Therefore, approximately = 1.4
It becomes 0. If this is changed to a monatomic gas such as He or Ar, the value becomes -1.66, which improves the thermal efficiency of the engine.

Further, in claim (2), fuel H2 gas and 0□ gas are supplied to the subchamber so that combustion is performed in the subchamber. Therefore, it is sufficient to supply only the amount of 02 gas necessary for fuel combustion.
There is no need to supply extra Ot gas as in the conventional case, and since combustion takes place in the auxiliary chamber, the temperature of the piston sliding part in the main chamber is reduced.

〔Example〕

With reference to FIG. 1, the first embodiment of the present invention (claim (1)
) will be explained.

In the combustion chamber 40, a working gas 60 of a monatomic gas such as He or Ar and oxygen 62 are mixed in a mixer 61, the mixed gas is inhaled in an intake stroke, and after adiabatic compression, hydrogen fuel 20 is supplied from a fuel valve 21. is injected and ignited and combusted by an ignition device (not shown). After work is applied to the piston 11 through the expansion stroke, it is exhausted by the piston 11 as exhaust gas. The high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gas 32 from the combustion chamber 40 drives an exhaust turbine 33 , generates electric power from a generator 34 , and is then led to a condenser 51 . When the exhaust gas is cooled by the condenser 51, moisture generated by the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen condenses into water 5.
2 and is discharged from the system. As a result, the working gas 60 becomes a monatomic gas again and the cycle repeats.

Since a monoatomic gas internal combustion engine can be realized as described above, the efficiency of the engine is improved.

Further, FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment (claim (2)) of the present invention. The combustion chamber is divided into a main chamber 41 containing a sliding part of the piston 11 and a sub-chamber 42 having a communication passage 43 between the main chamber 41.

Further, hydrogen fuel 20 and oxygen 62 are supplied to the subchamber 42 through check valves 22 and 63, respectively.

That is, the working gas 60, which is a monatomic gas, is sucked in by the piston 11, and after adiabatic compression, the hydrogen fuel 2 is
0 and oxygen 62 are supplied to the auxiliary chamber 42, and ignited and burned using an ignition device (not shown). The combustion gas then flows out into the main chamber 41 through the communication passage 43 and imparts heat to the working gas in the main chamber 41 to operate the cycle. After applying work to the piston 11 during the expansion stroke, the exhaust gas 31 is discharged. When the exhaust gas 31 is cooled by a condenser (not shown), water is condensed and turned into water, which is discharged outside the system. At this time, in the second embodiment, since no extra oxygen is supplied, the working gas 60 becomes only a monatomic gas, which is sucked into the main chamber 41 again, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the engine.

〔Effect of the invention〕

In the present invention, by using a monatomic gas as the working gas, the specific heat ratio of the working gas increases from 1.40 to -1.66. As a result, under conditions close to the current operating conditions of internal combustion engines, the thermal efficiency ranges from ηt+, -64.6% to 75.4%.
A relative improvement of 17% can be obtained. Furthermore, in claim (1) of the present invention, since hydrogen is used as fuel, CO
□, It is possible to realize an internal combustion engine that does not generate NoX and has no exhaust pollution.

Furthermore, in claim (2), unlike in claim 1, there is no need to supply extra oxygen, so the working gas becomes a monatomic gas, the specific heat ratio increases, and the thermal efficiency improves. Furthermore, since combustion takes place in the auxiliary chamber, the temperature of the piston sliding part in the main chamber decreases, eliminating the cause of piston seizure.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 and 2 are related to the present invention; Figure 1 is an overall system diagram of an internal combustion engine according to the first embodiment, Figure 2 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 1 of the second embodiment, and Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams corresponding to Figure 1. In the conventional example, FIG. 3 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a PV diagram of a diesel cycle. 11...Piston, 20...Hydrogen fuel, 31.32
...Exhaust, 41...Main chamber, 42...Sub-chamber, 43.
...Communication passage, 60...Working gas, 61...Mixture, 62...Oxygen. Figure 3 Figure 4■

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) An internal combustion engine that supplies oxygen and hydrogen as fuel, which has a means for adding a monatomic gas other than oxygen or hydrogen to oxygen as a working gas, and a means for cooling exhaust gas and recovering the monatomic gas. A monoatomic gas internal combustion engine. (2) The combustion chamber is divided into a main chamber containing the piston sliding part and an auxiliary chamber having a communication passage between the main chamber and a means for supplying hydrogen fuel and oxygen to the auxiliary chamber. A monatomic gas internal combustion engine characterized by: