JPH0510085A - Vertical shaft excavator and vertical shaft excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] Excavation of vertical shafts can be performed easily, quickly and safely even in places where the construction space is small and it is difficult to load and unload materials and equipment. [Structure] An excavation device 10 provided at a vertical end and a gripper 1 that presses a wall surface of a hole to support the excavation device 10.
1, a vertical shaft excavator 50 including a hammer grab 13 that is lifted up and down from the ground to discharge excavated soil to the ground, and a pipe shaft 14 that forms a passage of the hammer grab 13. The rotary shaft 16 has a rotary table 16 rotatable about the center of the shaft 15, and the excavating arms 17 and 17 ′ attached to the rotary table 16. The pipe shaft 14 communicates with the central opening of the rotary table 16.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shaft excavator and a shaft excavating method, and more particularly to shaft excavation effective for excavating a shaft in a place where it is difficult to carry in materials and equipment due to a narrow construction space such as a mountainous area. The method of excavating machines and shafts.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a method of excavating a vertical shaft for constructing foundation piles, deep foundation piles, etc., there are known cast-in-place pile construction methods such as all casing construction method, earth drill construction method and reverse construction method, and deep foundation construction method. .

[0003]

However, the conventional method for excavating a vertical shaft is such that the all-casing method and the earth drill method are used for excavating machines in places where construction space is small and it is difficult to carry in and out materials and equipment. There is a problem that it is not easy to adopt because the equipment such as the main body and the casing used is large-scale. Further, the reverse method requires a large amount of water to protect the hole wall during excavation and to carry out earth and sand, and therefore cannot be used in places where it is difficult to obtain water, such as in mountainous areas. further,
The deep foundation construction method can be used even in a narrow construction space because the materials and equipment to be used are not large-scale, but since excavation is generally performed manually, the construction efficiency is poor and there is a problem in safety.

Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and can be easily performed even in a place where the construction space is narrow or where it is difficult to carry in and out water and materials without using a large excavator body. (EN) A shaft excavator and a shaft excavating method capable of excavating a shaft, and capable of quickly and safely excavating a shaft without human power.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned object, and its gist is to provide an excavating device provided at a vertical tip and to support the excavating device by pressing a hole wall surface. A gripper, and a soil discharging means such as a hammer grab or a clam shell that vertically lifts and lowers the excavator from above the excavator through a wire or the like to discharge excavated soil by the excavator to the ground, and excavates the excavator tip. An excavator for boring a shaft in the ground, which comprises a guide means such as a pipe shaft that guides the surface to a predetermined position, wherein the excavator has an opening in the center that communicates with the guide means and the shaft. A vertical shaft excavator having a rotary table rotatable about the center of the axis and an excavation arm attached to the rotary table.

Here, the gripper that presses the hole wall surface mainly supports the rotational reaction force of the rotary table and the excavation reaction force of the excavator due to the frictional resistance with the hole wall surface due to the pressing force, and excavates as necessary. Supports the weight of equipment and guide means. The weight of the excavator, the guide means and the like can be normally suspended and supported from a mount provided on the ground using a wire, a chain or the like.

Further, the excavation arm attached to the rotary table has, for example, a rotatable joint portion, and a tip end of the excavation arm cuts the excavation surface when the excavation arm moves radially inward of the rotary table. A scraping bit for cutting, a digging bit for cutting the digging surface when the digging arm moves radially outward, and the like are attached. In addition, it is preferable that the excavation arms are a pair of excavation arms that can be simultaneously actuated in opposite directions and that are opposed to each other in a radial direction with a rotation axis of the rotary table interposed therebetween.

Further, the wall surface of the hole exposed by the excavation is appropriately protected by sprayed concrete or a liner plate.

Another object of the present invention is a method of excavating a vertical shaft in the ground, which maintains a shape of a tip excavation surface in a mortar shape and uses a vertical excavator provided by a tip excavator. Direction, depositing the excavated earth and sand in the center of the mortar-shaped recess, and guiding the earth unloading means suspended and raised from above the excavator to the center of the mortar-shaped recess, whereby the excavated earth and sand is grounded. It is a method of excavating a vertical shaft, which is characterized in that

[0010]

In the shaft excavator according to the present invention, the excavator and the gripper supporting the excavator are directly carried into the hole for excavation. Therefore, a large machine is installed on the ground to obtain a reaction force at the time of excavation or casing press-fitting. Eliminates the need to attach it and makes equipment on the ground compact. Further, the guide means prevents the earth removing means, which is moving up and down, from colliding with the hole wall surface or the like and damaging them. Further, the rotary table of the excavating device sequentially moves the excavating arm in the circumferential direction to facilitate excavation shaping of the entire excavation surface. Further, when the excavation arms are a pair of excavation arms that are opposed to each other in the radial direction of the rotary table, the excavation arms simultaneously operate in opposite directions to cancel out the excavation reaction forces applied in the radial direction.

Further, in the shaft excavating method of the present invention, by holding the shape of the tip excavated surface in a mortar shape, the excavated earth and sand are easily accumulated in the center of the mortar-shaped recess, and the excavated earth and sand are discharged by the earth discharging means. Improve efficiency.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The shaft excavator 50 of this embodiment has a diameter of about 3.0.
As shown in FIG. 1, the vertical shaft of m is excavated. As shown in FIG. 1, the excavator 10 is provided at the tip in the vertical direction, the gripper 11 attached to the excavator 10, and the frame 12 installed on the ground via a wire. It is composed of a hammer glove 13 that moves up and down, and a pipe shaft 14 that forms a passage of the hammer glove 13.

As shown in FIG. 2, the excavator 10 includes a rotary table 16 which rotates about the center of the shaft 15.
And two pairs of excavating arms 17 and 17 'that are attached to the rotary table 16 so as to face the rotary table in the radial direction.
Composed of and. The excavation arms 17, 17 'have two pivotal joints, and move the bits 18, 18' along a desired excavation surface by hydraulic pressure or the like. In addition, the excavating bit 18 that cuts the excavation surface when moving inward in the radial direction is provided in one of the opposing excavating arms 17, and the excavating bit 18 is provided in the other opposing excavating arm 17 ′ when moving inward in the radial direction. Each scraping bit 18 'for cutting a surface is attached. The dug bit 18 is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), for convenience of work, it has a comb-shaped tip portion, while the scraping bit 18 'has a flat tip portion as shown in FIG. 3 (b). Further, as shown in FIG. 3C, if the shaping bit 30 protruding from the side of the scraping bit 18 ′ to the back side is provided, it is pressed against the wall surface of the hole to rotate the rotary table 16. The wall surface of the hole can be shaped into a desired circumferential surface.

As shown in FIG. 5, the rotary table 16 is rotatably mounted around a fixed cylindrical body 19 forming a central opening 38 through a bearing or the like, and the holding ring 20 is attached to the fixed cylindrical body 19. Through the gripper 11
However, a turntable 16 'having a spray nozzle is mounted above it. The gripper 11 expands and contracts radially outward from the holding ring 20 by a power such as hydraulic pressure to press the hole wall surface, and supports the rotating force of the rotary table 16 and the excavation resistance of the excavator 10 by the frictional force with the hole wall surface. Further, the holding ring 20 includes a rotary table turning drive motor 37 and a turntable turning drive motor 37 '.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 1, a pipe shaft 1 having a predetermined length is provided above the fixed cylindrical body 19.
4 vertically connects the shaft 15 to the ground, and a hammer grab 13 suspended from the mount 12 with the pipe shaft 14 as a guide moves up and down between the ground and the excavation surface.

The mount 12 installed on the ground is made by assembling steel members, and a hammer grab lifting device 24 is attached to the upper beam 23 by a hammer grab moving device 25 so as to be movable along the upper beam 23. Further, a suspension wire 26 that supports the weight of the pipe shaft 14 and the like is attached to the upper beam 23. A sand hopper 22 for receiving excavated earth and sand discharged by the hammer grab 13 is attached to a side surface of the gantry 12, and a pipe shaft holding device 29 including a hydraulic jack 27 and a holding ring 28 is provided on a lower portion of the gantry 12. Further, a spray nozzle 31 is attached to the rotary table 16, and the spray nozzle 3 is attached.
1, sprayed concrete is fed from a sprayed concrete device 32 provided on the ground via a sprayed concrete hose 33.

In order to excavate the vertical shaft 15 by using the vertical shaft excavator 50, first, another excavator such as a back force or the hammer glove 13 of the excavator 50 is used to excavate the excavator 1.
0 is inserted and the shaft is initially excavated by the gripper 11 to a depth sufficient to support it. Next, the excavation device 10 is carried into a vertical shaft formed by the initial excavation using a crane or the like, and the gripper 11 fixes the excavation device 10, and the gantry 12 is installed at a predetermined position. Further, the pipe shaft 14 is attached to the fixing ring 19 of the excavation device 10 and the pipe shaft 14 is supported by the pipe shaft holding device 29, and preparation for main excavation by the excavation arms 17, 17 'and the hammer grab 13 is completed. .

In the main excavation, the excavating arm 1
In step 7, the excavation is performed outward from the center of the vertical shaft, the rotary table 16 is further swung by the arm, and the same excavation is repeated to complete the excavation of a predetermined length. In parallel with this, the excavated soil is scraped to the center by using the scraping arm 17 ', and is appropriately carried out to the ground by the hammer grab 13. In addition, excavation arms 17 and 1 due to hard ground and boulders.
When the excavation by 7'is difficult, it is possible to perform the excavation work by hammering the hammer grab 13 to break it. When the excavation of a predetermined length is completed, the rear surface of the scraping bit 18 'or the shaping bit 30 attached as necessary is brought into contact with the wall surface of the hole, and the rotary table 16 is moved to 18
The hole wall surface is shaped by rotating 0 ° forward and backward.

Here, the pair of excavating arms 17
Alternatively, the scraping arms 17 ′ simultaneously act toward the center of the shaft 15 or in the opposite directions toward the outside to counteract the reaction forces during excavation and cancel each other, so that the weight of the excavator 10 and the pipe shaft 14 is reduced. It is possible to obtain a large excavating force without using a special reaction force device.

Further, in such main excavation, as shown in FIG. 2, the shape of the tip excavated surface is maintained in a mortar shape. According to this, it is possible to facilitate the accumulation of the excavated soil in the center of the excavated surface of the tip and to promptly discharge the soil to the ground by the hammer grab 13.

Then, the excavated earth and sand discharged to the ground are loaded into a dump truck or the like through the earth and sand hopper and carried out. The hole wall surface exposed by the excavation is protected by spraying spray concrete from the spray nozzle 31 as the rotary table 16 rotates.

FIGS. 4A to 4C show a process of adding the pipe shaft 14 as the excavation progresses.
That is, when the excavation device 10 shown in FIG. 1 has completed excavation for a predetermined length, the gripper 11 and the pipe shaft holding device 29 are opened, and the suspension wire 26 attached to the suspension hook 34 on the upper portion of the pipe shaft is extended to extend the pipe shaft 14. And the excavation device 10 is lowered as a unit, and the upper end of the lowered pipe shaft 14 is held by the pipe shaft holding device 29 again as shown in FIG. Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the hammer glove 13 is moved along the upper beam 23 and the crane 35 is moved.
The pipe shaft 14 'which should be continuously installed is installed by the above, and as shown in FIG.
Bolts are connected to the flange 36 by tightening bolts, and the hanging wire 26 is connected to the upper pipe shaft 1
Replace with 4'hanging hook 34 '. Then, the hammer grab 13 is moved again to continue excavation.

When the excavation of the vertical shaft 15 of a predetermined depth is completed,
The pipe shaft 14 is removed in the reverse order to the above, the excavation device 10 and the gantry 12 are removed, and the process proceeds to the next step such as foundation concrete pouring.

[0025]

As described above, the shaft excavator of the present invention is
Since the digging device at the tip, the gripper that supports the digging device, the earth unloading unit that suspends and descends from above the digging device to discharge the earth and sand to the ground, and the guide unit that guides the earth discharging unit, The equipment and the gripper that supports it are directly inserted into the hole for excavation, and the excavated soil is discharged without using muddy water etc. It is possible to easily excavate a vertical shaft by using various equipment even in a narrow construction space or where it is difficult to carry in and out materials and equipment. Further, the rotary table and the excavation arm facilitate excavation shaping of the entire excavation surface. Further, when the excavation arms are at least a pair of excavation arms that face each other in the radial direction with the rotary shaft of the rotary table interposed therebetween, the pair of excavation arms are simultaneously operated in opposite directions so that the excavation reaction forces applied in the radial direction are mutually affected. By excavating while offsetting each other, a large excavating force can be obtained without using a special reaction force device. Furthermore, since the excavation on the tip excavation surface is performed by the excavator without manual labor, the work can be performed quickly and safely, and its automation can be facilitated.

Further, in the shaft excavating method of the present invention, since the shape of the tip excavated surface is held in the shape of a mortar, the excavation is carried out in the vertical direction. Can be done quickly.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a shaft excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing details of the excavation device of the present invention.

3 (A), (B) and (C) are perspective views showing the shape of a bit attached to the excavating arm.

4 (a), (b) and (c) are explanatory views showing a situation in which a guide member is added next.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a mounting state of a rotary table and a gripper.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 drilling equipment 11 gripper 12 mounts 13 Hammer grab (excavation means) 14 Pipe shaft (guide means) 15 shafts 16 rotary table 17,17 'excavating arm 38 Central opening 50 vertical shaft excavator

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An excavator for boring a vertical shaft in the ground, the excavator being provided at a vertical tip, a gripper for supporting the excavator by a pressing force on a hole wall surface, and the excavator. And a guide means for forming a passage of the earth removing means, and the excavating device has an opening at the center and has a center of a vertical shaft. A vertical shaft excavator having a rotary table rotatable about an axis and an excavation arm attached to the rotary table, and the guide means communicating with an opening of the rotary table. 2. A method for excavating a vertical shaft in the ground, which comprises excavating vertically excavating earth and sand by an excavating device provided at the tip while holding the shape of the tip excavating surface in a mortar shape. Excavation of a vertical shaft, characterized in that it is deposited at the center of a mortar-shaped recess and guides a soil discharging means that is suspended and lifted from above the excavator to the center of the mortar-shaped recess to discharge the accumulated excavated earth and sand. Method.