JPH05155245A - Automotive air-conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] The energy in the air discharged from the vehicle compartment during ventilation is recovered, and the heat exchange area of the outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the outside air is increased to improve cooling and heating efficiency. Improve. [Structure] An air conditioner installed in a vehicle 1 is of a heat pump type, and includes a first heat exchanger 12 and a second heat exchanger 14 arranged in a first chamber 6 and a second chamber 7 in front of a vehicle compartment 2. When,
It is provided with a third heat exchanger arranged in the third chamber 8 behind the passenger compartment 2. During cooling, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 is sent from the third heat exchanger 16 to the first heat exchanger 12, and after exchanging heat with the air taken in from outside the vehicle in those heat exchangers 16 and 12, The pressure is reduced by the expansion valve 23 and is guided to the second heat exchanger 14. The heat exchanger 14 exchanges heat with the air supplied into the vehicle interior 2 to cool the air. The air discharged from the vehicle compartment 2 by ventilation is passed through a third heat exchanger 16 at the rear of the vehicle compartment, and the heat exchanger 16 absorbs energy in the air.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner installed in an automobile, and more particularly to an air conditioner provided with an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor heat exchanger, and a gas phase / liquid phase between the heat exchangers. The present invention relates to an air conditioner for an automobile, which performs cooling or heating by circulating a refrigerant while causing a phase change.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, an air conditioner for an automobile has an evaporator for an indoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat with air supplied to the passenger compartment, a condenser for an outdoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat with outside air taken from outside the vehicle, and , A compressor for compressing the refrigerant flowing from the evaporator to the condenser, and a pressure reducing means such as an expansion valve for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant flowing from the condenser to the evaporator. The following refrigerating cycle is performed in the cooling device. First, the vapor-phase refrigerant compressed by the compressor becomes high temperature and high pressure and is introduced into the condenser. Outside air is blown to the condenser by a cooling fan,
The outside air cools the refrigerant and liquefies it. The liquefied high-pressure refrigerant is then decompressed by the expansion valve and sent to the evaporator. In the evaporator, the refrigerant vaporizes by taking heat from the surroundings. Therefore, if the air taken in from outside or inside the vehicle and supplied to the inside of the vehicle is blown to the evaporator,
The air is cooled and the passenger compartment is cooled. Then, the vaporized refrigerant is sent to the compressor again and compressed. A typical automobile air conditioner is configured by combining a vapor compression type cooling device that performs such a refrigeration cycle and a heater that uses engine cooling water.

Recently, for example, JP-A-60-179322 has been used.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication, adoption of a heat pump system for an air conditioner for automobiles has been studied. Even in the heat pump type air conditioner,
An indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor heat exchanger are provided, and cooling is performed by circulating a refrigerant between them in the same manner as in the refrigeration cycle described above. On the other hand, heating is performed by switching the flow direction of the refrigerant so that the refrigeration cycle is reversed and heat is radiated from the indoor heat exchanger. According to such a heat pump type air conditioner, since heat is absorbed from the outside air to perform heating, it does not depend on the engine temperature as in the case of using the engine cooling water described above, and the heating starts up quickly. Become. It can also be applied to an electric vehicle that does not have an internal combustion engine.

As described above, in the automobile air conditioner, the indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger are used regardless of whether they are of the vapor compression type or the heat pump type. Since the indoor heat exchanger is for exchanging heat with the air supplied into the vehicle interior, it is arranged inside the vehicle interior. Generally, the indoor heat exchanger is installed in an instrument panel in the front part of the vehicle compartment. On the other hand, the outdoor heat exchanger is installed in the engine room at the front end of the vehicle body where it is easy to take in air from the outside because of the heat exchange with the outside air. Usually, the engine room in which the outdoor heat exchanger is installed is partitioned by the dashboard from the vehicle interior side where the indoor heat exchanger is installed.

In an automobile, air conditioning is often performed while ventilating. In that case, the air supplied into the vehicle compartment is taken from outside the vehicle. Then, that much air in the vehicle compartment is exhausted outside the vehicle from the rear portion of the vehicle compartment. The temperature of the exhaust air is adjusted. Especially during heating, the temperature of the air is considerably higher than the temperature of the outside air. Therefore, the heat in the vehicle compartment is released together with the air. However, in the case where the heat exchanger is installed in front of the vehicle compartment as described above, the heat cannot be recovered. Therefore, there is a problem that the ventilation efficiency during air conditioning lowers the thermal efficiency.

Therefore, in the one described in the above publication,
An outdoor heat exchanger is provided in the engine room at the front end of the vehicle body, an indoor heat exchanger is provided in the instrument panel at the front of the vehicle compartment partitioned from the engine room, and a third heat exchanger is provided at the rear of the vehicle interior. An exchanger is provided so that the air flowing out of the passenger compartment passes through the third heat exchanger. In the air conditioner, each heat exchanger is connected to a compressor via a refrigerant pipe. Also,
The heat exchangers are connected to each other by a refrigerant pipe provided with a pressure reducing device for adiabatically expanding the refrigerant. A four-way valve is provided between the compressor and each heat exchanger, and the flow direction of the refrigerant is switched by the four-way valve. Then, during cooling, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor is sent to the outdoor heat exchanger, and the refrigerant vaporized from the indoor heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger is returned to the compressor. While being sent to the exchanger, the refrigerant vaporized from the third heat exchanger is returned to the compressor. The outdoor heat exchanger is blown with outside air that is taken in from the outside of the vehicle and discharged to the outside of the vehicle. Further, air introduced from outside or inside the vehicle is blown to the indoor heat exchanger, and the air that has passed through the heat exchanger is introduced into the vehicle interior. The air that has flowed out of the passenger compartment and passed through the third heat exchanger is returned to the passenger compartment during cooling and discharged outside the passenger compartment during heating. That is, the third heat exchanger functions as an indoor heat exchanger during cooling and functions as an outdoor heat exchanger during heating. According to such an air conditioner, since the refrigerant is vaporized in the third heat exchanger,
The heat in the air passing through the heat exchanger is absorbed. Therefore, the heat in the air is recovered by allowing the air discharged from the vehicle interior to the vehicle exterior during heating to pass through the third heat exchanger.

[0007]

However, in the air conditioner in which the third heat exchanger at the rear of the passenger compartment always absorbs heat, the cold air in the passenger compartment is reduced when the ventilation is performed during cooling. It is further cooled by the third heat exchanger and discharged to the outside of the vehicle. Therefore, the energy for cooling is wasted. Therefore, when performing cooling while ventilating, it is necessary to stop the flow of the refrigerant to the third heat exchanger, but even in that case, the cold air in the vehicle compartment is discharged as it is, and It is not possible to recover the energy spent on. In addition, in the air conditioner, as described above,
The heat exchanger is used as an indoor heat exchanger during cooling.
On the other hand, cooling is performed when the outside temperature is high. In such a case, the efficiency of heat radiation to the outside air is reduced. Therefore, it is desired that the third heat exchanger rather acts as an outdoor heat exchanger. In the air conditioner in which the three heat exchangers are arranged in parallel as described above, when trying to do so,
It is necessary to control the flow direction of the refrigerant flowing through each heat exchanger, which makes the circuit extremely complicated.

As described above, it is difficult to increase the cooling efficiency in the conventional automobile air conditioner.
Energy consumption during cooling of an automobile air conditioner is extremely large. In particular, in the case of an electric vehicle, the amount of electric power to be mounted is limited, and therefore, if the electric power is consumed by cooling in this way, the travelable distance becomes short. Therefore, improvement of its efficiency has become a major issue.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to recover energy in the air discharged from the passenger compartment during ventilation in both heating and cooling. Another object of the present invention is to provide an automobile air conditioner with high cooling and heating efficiency, which can be easily switched between cooling and heating while ensuring a sufficient heat exchange area of the outdoor heat exchanger.

[0010]

To achieve this object, in the present invention, a first chamber and a second chamber that are partitioned from each other are provided in front of the vehicle compartment, and a third chamber is provided behind the vehicle compartment. A first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and a third heat exchanger are arranged in the first to third chambers, respectively, and the heat exchangers are connected in series by a refrigerant pipe. I have to. A pressure reducing means for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant is provided in the refrigerant pipe connecting the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. Further, a compressor for compressing the refrigerant is provided in the refrigerant pipe connecting the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger.
An outside air inlet is provided in the first chamber, and the introduced outside air is blown to the first heat exchanger in the first chamber. Also, an air outlet is provided in the second chamber,
The air that has passed through the second heat exchanger is introduced into the vehicle compartment through the air outlet. An air outlet is provided in the third chamber, and the air that has passed through the third heat exchanger is exhausted to the outside of the vehicle through the air outlet. Furthermore, between the first room and the second room, or between the vehicle room and the third room.
A communication passage that can be opened and closed is provided between the chamber and the like.

[0011]

In the air conditioner thus configured, when the high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase refrigerant compressed by the compressor is sent to the third heat exchanger side, the refrigerant is introduced into the third chamber in the third heat exchanger. It is condensed by exchanging heat with the generated air, and is further sent to the first heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the outside air so that it is also condensed in the first heat exchanger. Then, the liquefied high-pressure refrigerant is decompressed by the decompression means and then vaporized by exchanging heat with the air introduced into the second chamber in the second heat exchanger. Therefore, the second
The air supplied to the passenger compartment through the heat exchanger is cooled,
The vehicle interior is cooled. Thus, during cooling, the first
And the heat in the refrigerant is released in the third heat exchanger. That is, those heat exchangers act as outdoor heat exchangers. Therefore, the heat exchange area of the outdoor heat exchanger is apparently increased, and the amount of heat radiation is increased, so that the cooling efficiency is improved. Further, if the air in the vehicle compartment is exhausted through the third heat exchanger during ventilation, the cooling air in the vehicle compartment cools the refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger, so that the condensation efficiency is improved. To do. That is, the energy in the air discharged from the vehicle compartment is recovered. Therefore, the cooling efficiency is prevented from lowering due to ventilation. During heating, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor is sent to the second heat exchanger side. Thereby, the air supplied into the vehicle compartment is heated in the second heat exchanger, and the vehicle compartment is heated. Then, the refrigerant is condensed by its heat exchange, decompressed by the decompression means, and then sent to the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger in order and vaporized by absorbing heat from the outside in these heat exchangers. To do. Therefore, also at this time, the first and third heat exchangers work as the outdoor heat exchanger, and the heating efficiency is improved. Further, during ventilation during heating, the heat in the air is recovered by discharging the air in the vehicle compartment through the third heat exchanger. In this way, an air conditioner with high cooling and heating efficiency is obtained.
The cooling and heating can be switched only by reversing the flow direction of the refrigerant, so that the structure of the refrigerant circuit becomes simple.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an automobile air conditioner according to the present invention. As is clear from this figure, the vehicle interior space of the automobile 1 is partitioned by the instrument panel 3 and the rear partition wall 4 in front of and behind the vehicle interior 2. And the instrument panel 3
The space at the front is further divided into front and rear by a vertical partition wall 5. Thus, the first chamber 6 and the second chamber 7 are formed in front of the vehicle compartment 2, and the third chamber 8 is formed in the rear of the vehicle compartment 2. The space in front of the instrument panel 3 is also divided into upper and lower parts by a horizontal partition wall 9, and the first chamber 6
A fourth chamber 10 is formed below the second chamber 7. The fourth compartment 10 is adapted to communicate with the vehicle compartment 2. The vehicle 1 is an electric vehicle, and a battery 11 and a motor (not shown), which are power sources thereof, are installed in a rear third chamber 8.

A first heat exchanger 12 and a first electric fan 13 for guiding air to the heat exchanger 12 are provided in the first chamber 6 at the front of the vehicle body. A second heat exchanger 14 and a second electric fan 15 for guiding air to the heat exchanger 14 are provided in the second chamber 7 between the first chamber 6 and the vehicle compartment 2. There is. Further, in the third chamber 8 behind the passenger compartment 2, the third
A heat exchanger 16 and a third electric fan 17 that guides air to the heat exchanger 16 are provided. The battery 11 and the like are arranged immediately before the third heat exchanger 16 so that the air guided to the third heat exchanger 16 passes thereabove. Then, the fourth chamber below the first chamber 6 and the second chamber 7
A compressor 18 and a drive motor (not shown) for the compressor 18 and a fourth electric fan 19 for introducing air into the fourth chamber 10 are provided in the chamber 10.

The first heat exchanger 12 and the second heat exchanger 14 are connected via a refrigerant pipe 20. The second heat exchanger 14 and the third heat exchanger 16 are connected via a refrigerant pipe 21. The third heat exchanger 16 and the first heat exchanger 12 are connected via the refrigerant pipe 22. Thus, the heat exchangers 12, 14 and 16 are connected in series with each other to form a loop-shaped refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant pipe 20 between the first heat exchanger 12 and the second heat exchanger 14 is provided with an expansion valve 23 as a pressure reducing means for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant. The expansion valve 23 is made of a thin tube called a capillary tube, and is a reversible type that similarly depressurizes the refrigerant flowing on either side. Further, the compressor 18 is connected to a refrigerant pipe 21 between the second heat exchanger 14 and the third heat exchanger 16 via a four-way valve 24. Therefore, by switching the four-way valve 24, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 is guided to either the second heat exchanger 14 or the third heat exchanger 16. That is, in this embodiment, the four-way valve 24 constitutes switching means for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant. Thus, the first heat exchanger 12, the second heat exchanger 14, the third heat exchanger 16, the compressor 18, the refrigerant pipes 20, 21 and 22,
The expansion valve 23 and the four-way valve 24 constitute a heat pump cycle.

The refrigerant pipe 20 provided with the expansion valve 23 is further provided with a bypass passage 25 that bypasses the expansion valve 23. And the bypass passage 25
An on-off valve 26 is provided in the. Therefore, when the open / close valve 26 is opened, the refrigerant bypasses the expansion valve 23 and flows. That is, the opening / closing valve 26 switches the expansion valve 23 and the bypass passage 25. Further, the refrigerant pipe 21 in which the compressor 18 is provided is connected to the compressor 18 and the third pipe.
A direction switching valve 27 is provided between the heat exchanger 16 and the heat exchanger 16. Then, one end of the switching valve 27 is connected to the third heat exchanger 1
The other end of a bypass pipe 28 connected to the refrigerant pipe 22 between the first heat exchanger 12 and the heat exchanger 6 is connected. Thus, when the direction switching valve 27 is switched to the bypass pipe 28 side, the refrigerant flows around the third heat exchanger 16.

An outside air introduction port 29 for taking in outside air into the first chamber 6 is provided on the front end surface of the vehicle body. The outside air introduction port 29 is opened and closed by an outside air introduction damper 30 whose opening can be adjusted. Further, an air exhaust port 32 that is opened and closed by a heat exhaust damper 31 is provided on the rear upper surface of the first chamber 6. Further, in the horizontal partition wall 9 between the fourth chamber 10 forming the bottom surface of the first chamber 6, the heat exchangers are provided at the front and rear positions of the first heat exchanger 12 installed in the first chamber 6. Openings 33 and 34 for circulating the air in the fourth chamber 10 through 12 are provided respectively. The openings 33 and 34 are also opened and closed by the dampers 35 and 36, respectively.

The vertical partition wall 5 between the first chamber 6 and the second chamber 7 is provided with a communication port 37 which forms a communication passage for communicating between them. The communication port 37 is opened and closed by a communication damper 38. Further, an outside air intake 39 for taking in outside air from the outside of the vehicle is provided on the upper wall of the second chamber 7 facing the outside of the vehicle. The outside air intake 39 is opened and closed by an outside air introduction damper 40. Further, in the middle of the horizontal partition wall 9 forming the bottom surface of the second chamber 7, an inside air introduction port 41 for taking in the air in the vehicle interior 2 is provided in front of the position where the second heat exchanger 14 is disposed. ..
The inside air inlet 41 is opened and closed by an inside air circulation damper 42 that rotates downward. Then, the inside air circulation damper 42 is rotated downward to move the inside air introduction port 4
When 1 is opened, the space between the compressor 18 installation portion of the fourth chamber 10 and the vehicle interior 2 is partitioned. On the horizontal partition wall 4, further on the rear part thereof, that is, on the passenger compartment 2 side,
An opening 44 opened and closed by a damper 43 that rotates downward
Is provided. The opening 44 is located rearward of the position where the second heat exchanger 14 is disposed. When the opening 44 is opened, the damper 43 blocks the air flowing from the vehicle compartment 2 to the inside air introduction port 41 of the second chamber 7. Therefore, at that time, the air that has passed through the second heat exchanger 14 does not flow to the vehicle compartment 2 side through the opening 44. That is, the damper 43 constitutes a shielding unit that shuts off the second compartment 7 from the vehicle compartment 2. The instrument panel 3 forming a wall surface of the second chamber 7 facing the vehicle compartment 2 is provided with air outlets 45, 46, 47 on the upper surface, the upper portion, and the lower portion, respectively, as in a normal automobile. ..
The air outlets 45, 46, 47 can be opened and closed, respectively. In this way, the air outside the vehicle or inside the vehicle compartment 2 is taken into the second chamber 7 from the outside air intake port 39 or the inside air introduction port 41, and the first heat exchanger 12 in the first chamber 6 from the communication port 37. The air that has passed through is taken in. And that air is the second
After the heat is exchanged by the heat exchanger 14, the air is blown into the passenger compartment 2 through the air outlets 45, 46, 47 and the opening 4
It is adapted to be introduced into the fourth chamber 10 from No. 4.

On the other hand, on the rear end surface of the vehicle body, there is provided an air discharge port 48 for discharging the air passing through the third heat exchanger 16 in the third chamber 8 to the outside of the vehicle. The air exhaust port 48 is opened and closed by an exhaust damper 49. Then, when the air outlet 48 is closed, the air that has passed through the third heat exchanger 16 is circulated in the third chamber 8. In addition, an outside air introduction port 51 that is opened and closed by an outside air introduction damper 50 is provided on the outer wall of the third chamber 8 facing the outside of the vehicle at a position where positive pressure is applied while the automobile 1 is running. Further, the rear partition wall 4 that partitions the vehicle compartment 2 from the third compartment 8 is provided with a ventilation port 52 that connects them. The ventilation opening 52 is adapted to be opened and closed by a ventilation damper 53.

The outside air introducing damper 5 is also provided on the front surface of the fourth chamber 10.
A cooling air intake port 55 that is opened and closed by 4 is provided. Further, a heat exhaust port 56 for exhausting the air heated by the compressor 18 and its drive motor to the outside of the vehicle is provided at a position rearward of the compressor 18 installation portion of the fourth chamber 10. The heat exhaust port 56 is opened and closed by a heat exhaust damper 57 that rotates upward.

Next, the operation of the automobile air conditioner thus configured will be described. B) Cooling Normally, the opening / closing valve 26 of the bypass passage 25 is closed. Further, the direction switching valve 27 includes the compressor 18 and the third
The heat exchanger 16 is set to be connected. When the vehicle interior 2 is cooled, as shown in FIG. 2, the four-way valve 24 is set so that the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 is guided to the third heat exchanger 16. Then, the outside air inlet 29 and the air outlet 32 of the first chamber 6, the inside air inlet 41 of the second chamber 7, the air outlet 46 above the instrument panel 3, the outside air inlet 51 of the third chamber 8 and the air outlet. Open the outlet 48. Also, the fourth chamber 10
The cooling air intake port 55 and the exhaust heat port 56 are also opened. Furthermore,
When performing ventilation at the same time, the outside air intake 3 of the second chamber 7
9 and the ventilation opening 52 between the passenger compartment 2 and the third compartment 8 are opened halfway. Keep the other openings closed. In this state, the compressor 18 and the electric fans 13, 15, 17, 19 are driven. When the first electric fan 13 is driven, the outside air is taken into the first chamber 6 through the outside air introduction port 29 on the front surface thereof together with the traveling wind, and the outside air passes through the first heat exchanger 12 inside the first chamber 6. After that, the air is discharged from the air outlet 32 to the outside of the vehicle. When the second electric fan 15 is driven, the outside air is taken in through the outside air intake port 39 of the second chamber 7, and the air inside the vehicle interior 2 is taken in through the inside air introduction port 41.
Then, the mixed air is used as the second heat exchanger 14 in the second chamber 7.
Air that has been blown onto the vehicle and has passed through the heat exchanger 14 is supplied into the vehicle interior 2 from the air outlet 46. Further, by driving the third electric fan 17, the outside air is taken into the third chamber 8 through the outside air introduction port 51, and the air inside the vehicle interior 2 is sucked through the ventilation port 52, so that the mixed air becomes 3 The heat exchanger 16 is sprayed. Then, the air that has passed through the heat exchanger 16 is discharged to the outside of the vehicle from the air discharge port 48. When the fourth electric fan 19 is driven, outside air is taken into the fourth chamber 10 through the cooling air intake port 55 on the front surface thereof together with the traveling wind. Then, the air flows around the compressor 18 and then flows out of the vehicle through the exhaust heat outlet 56. On the other hand, when the compressor 18 is driven, the gas-phase refrigerant that has been compressed by the compressor 18 and has become high temperature and high pressure is guided to the third heat exchanger 16 in the third chamber 8. The heat exchanger 16 is blown with the mixed air of the outside air taken in from the outside of the vehicle and the inside air discharged from the vehicle interior 2 as described above. Therefore, in the third heat exchanger 16, heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air introduced into the third chamber 8 is performed, and the heat exchange cools the refrigerant. As a result, the refrigerant condenses. The air that has become high temperature by exchanging heat with the refrigerant is discharged from the air discharge port 48 to the outside of the vehicle. Then, the refrigerant is guided to the first heat exchanger 12 in the first chamber 6 through the refrigerant pipe 22, and is further cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air introduced into the first chamber 6 in the heat exchanger 12. .. Thus, the refrigerant becomes a high pressure liquid. Next, the liquid refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion valve 23 to be in a state of being easily evaporated, and then introduced into the second heat exchanger 14 in the second chamber 7. In the second heat exchanger 14, the refrigerant is vaporized while rapidly expanding to remove heat from the surroundings. Therefore, the air blown to the second heat exchanger 14 is cooled. Then, the cooling air is blown into the vehicle interior 2 from the air outlet 46. The refrigerant whose temperature has been raised by absorbing heat from the air supplied into the vehicle interior 2 is again guided to the compressor 18 and compressed.

In this way, by supplying air into the vehicle interior 2 through the second heat exchanger 14, the vehicle interior 2 is cooled. Further, the outside air is taken into the vehicle interior 2 through the second chamber 7, and the air in the vehicle interior 2 is exhausted from the third chamber 8 to the outside of the vehicle by that amount, so that the inside of the vehicle interior 2 is ventilated. The temperature in the vehicle interior 2, that is, the temperature of the air supplied into the vehicle interior 2 is adjusted by the rotation speed of the compressor 18 and the amount of air blown by the second electric fan 15. In addition, the ventilation amount is controlled by the opening degree of the damper 53 of the ventilation port 52 or the rotation speed of the electric fans 15 and 17.

During this time, the compressor 18 and its drive motor are installed in the independent fourth chamber 10. The cooling air is introduced into the fourth chamber 10 from outside the vehicle. Therefore, the compressor 18 is directly cooled by the cooling air, and the cooling is efficiently performed. As a result, the temperature rise of the refrigerant when it is compressed can be suppressed low. The refrigerant is cooled in the first and third heat exchangers 12 and 16. Therefore, if the temperature rise can be suppressed to a low level, the cooling efficiency is improved. In addition, after the refrigerant is cooled in the third heat exchanger 16,
It is cooled again in the first heat exchanger 12. That is,
Both the first heat exchanger 12 and the third heat exchanger 16 act as outdoor heat exchangers. Therefore, the apparent heat exchange area of the outdoor heat exchanger is increased, and the heat of the refrigerant is surely released into the high-temperature outside air, and the refrigerant is sufficiently cooled. Further, the air blown to the third heat exchanger 16 is mixed with the cool air discharged from the vehicle interior 2. Therefore, the temperature of the air becomes lower than that of the outside air, and the refrigerant flowing in the heat exchanger 16 is efficiently cooled. Moreover, since the third heat exchanger 16 is installed in the third chamber 8 apart from the fourth chamber 10 in which the compressor 18 and its drive motor are installed, it is affected by the radiant heat from the compressor 18 and the like. Never. Therefore, the cooling efficiency is further improved. Also, the third heat exchanger 1
The efficiency of No. 6 is also improved, and the heat exchanger 16 can be downsized. On the other hand, the cold air discharged from the vehicle interior 2 flows around the battery 11 to cool the battery 11. That is, the air discharged from the vehicle compartment 2 for ventilation is also used for cooling the battery 11 and the like. In this way, the cold air discharged from the vehicle compartment 2 is effectively utilized, and the energy spent for cooling the air is recovered.

When not performing ventilation but only cooling,
As shown in FIG. 3, the outside air intake 3 of the second chamber 7
9 and the ventilation opening 52 between the passenger compartment 2 and the third compartment 8 are closed.
By doing so, the interior of the vehicle interior 2 is cooled by the air circulating between the vehicle interior 2 and the second chamber 7. That is,
Cooling of the inside air circulation is performed. In that case, there is no need to cool the high temperature outside air taken in from outside the vehicle, and
Since the cool air in the passenger compartment 2 is not discharged, the cooling in the passenger compartment 2 is efficiently performed and the rising of the passenger compartment 2 is accelerated.

(B) Heating When heating the passenger compartment 2, as shown in FIG. 4, the four-way valve 24 is switched to introduce the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 to the second heat exchanger 14. To do so. Then, the outside air inlet 29 and the air outlet 32 of the first chamber 6, the cooling air intake 55 and the heat exhaust port 56 of the fourth chamber 10 are closed, and instead, the space between the first chamber 6 and the fourth chamber 10 is closed. Open the openings 33, 34 of. Further, the inside air inlet 41 of the second chamber 7, the air outlet 47 at the lower part of the instrument panel 3, the outside air inlet 51 and the air outlet 48 of the third chamber 8 are opened. When performing ventilation at the same time, the second chamber 7
The outside air intake port 39 and the ventilation port 52 between the vehicle compartment 2 and the third chamber 8 are opened halfway. Keep the other openings closed. In this state, the compressor 18 and the electric fans 13, 1
5 and 17 are driven. The electric fan 19 in the fourth chamber 10 is stopped or reversed. When the first electric fan 13 in the first chamber 6 is driven, air circulates between the first chamber 6 and the fourth chamber 10 through the openings 33, 34, and the compressor 18 in the fourth chamber 10 and its drive are driven. The high temperature air heated by the heat generated by the motor is blown onto the first heat exchanger 12. Further, when the second electric fan 15 is driven, the air in the vehicle compartment 2 is sucked into the second chamber 7 from the inside air introduction port 41 of the second chamber 7, and the outside air is taken in from the outside air intake port 39. Then, the mixed air passes through the second heat exchanger 14 in the second chamber 7 and then is supplied into the vehicle interior 2 from the air outlet 47. On the other hand, when the electric fan 17 is driven, the outside air is introduced into the third chamber 8 through the outside air introduction port 51, and the air in the vehicle interior 2 is sucked through the ventilation port 52, so that the mixed air becomes the third heat. It is sprayed on the exchanger 16. Then, the air that has passed through the third heat exchanger 16 is discharged to the outside of the vehicle from the air discharge port 48. On the other hand, when the compressor 18 operates, the gas-phase refrigerant that has been compressed by the compressor 18 and has become high temperature and high pressure is guided to the second heat exchanger 14 in the second chamber 7. And that heat exchanger 1
In 4, the heat is exchanged with the air introduced into the second chamber 7. Therefore, the air is heated. The hot air is blown into the vehicle interior 2 from the air outlet 47.
Further, the refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the air supplied into the vehicle interior 2 is
After being cooled to become a high-pressure liquid and decompressed by the expansion valve 23, the high-pressure liquid is guided to the first heat exchanger 12 in the first chamber 6 and the third heat exchanger 16 in the third chamber 8 in order. Then, by exchanging heat with the air blown to the first and third heat exchangers 12 and 16, the heat in the air is taken and vaporized. Then, the refrigerant is again guided to the compressor 18 and compressed. The air having a low temperature due to heat exchange with the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger 12 is introduced into the fourth chamber 10 and is heated by cooling the compressor 18 and the like in the fourth chamber 10. Further, the air that has become low in temperature by exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger 16 is discharged from the air discharge port 48 of the third chamber 8 to the outside of the vehicle.

In this way, the heat pump cycle is reversed from that during cooling, and heat is radiated from the second heat exchanger 14 while air is supplied into the passenger compartment 2 through the heat exchanger 14, whereby the passenger compartment 2 The inside is heated. In that case, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the first heat exchanger 12 and then flows into the third heat exchanger 12.
The heat exchanger 16 absorbs heat again. That is, also in this case, both the first heat exchanger 12 and the third heat exchanger 16 function as outdoor heat exchangers. Therefore, the heat exchange area of the outdoor heat exchanger is increased, and sufficient heat absorption is performed even when the outside air temperature is low. Moreover, the air blown to the first heat exchanger 12 is heated by the compressor 18 or the like in the fourth chamber 10, and the air blown to the third heat exchanger 16 is heated by the battery 11 or the like installed upstream thereof. To be done. Then, the heat is absorbed by the refrigerant. As a result, the exhaust heat of the battery 11, the compressor 18, etc. is positively used, and the heating efficiency is significantly improved. In addition, the outside air taken in through the second chamber 7 is supplied into the vehicle interior 2, and the air in the vehicle interior 2 is exhausted to the outside of the vehicle through the ventilation port 52 and the third chamber 8 from the air exhaust port 48 by that much. As a result, the interior of the passenger compartment 2 is ventilated. In that case, the temperature of the air discharged from the vehicle interior 2 is high, but the air is passed through the third heat exchanger 16 in the third chamber 8. Then, the heat exchanger 16 absorbs the heat in the air and raises the temperature of the gas-phase refrigerant sent to the compressor 18. The air supplied to the vehicle interior 2 is heated by exchanging heat with the refrigerant that has passed through the compressor 18, so that the air supplied from the vehicle interior 2 is exhausted for ventilation. Will be added. In this way, the heat in the air discharged from the vehicle interior 2 is recovered. Switching between cooling and heating is performed only by reversing the flow direction of the refrigerant by the four-way valve 24. That is, it is not necessary to individually control the flow direction of the refrigerant so that all the three heat exchangers 12, 14 and 16 work effectively in all of the heating and cooling. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a large number of control valves and the like, and the refrigerant circuit is simple.

Also in this heating mode, as shown in FIG. 5, the outside air intake 39 of the second chamber 7 and the passenger compartment 2
It is also possible to operate by closing both the rear ventilation ports 52. By doing so, the internal air circulation type heating is performed, the heating of the vehicle interior 2 is efficiently performed, and the rising thereof is accelerated. In these heating modes, assuming that the outside temperature is extremely low, the compressor 1
Although the exhaust heat of 8 and the like is positively utilized, when the outside air temperature is not so low, the outside air introduction port 29 and the air discharge port 32 of the first chamber 6 are opened and taken into the first chamber 6. It can also be made to absorb heat from the outside air.
In that case, the cooling air intake port 55 and the exhaust heat port 56 of the fourth chamber 10 are also opened so that the compressor 18 and the like are cooled by the outside air.

C) Ventilation When only the interior of the passenger compartment 2 is ventilated, the compressor 18
To stop the heat pump cycle. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the outside air introduction port 29 of the first chamber 6, the communication port 37 provided in the vertical partition wall 5 between the first chamber 6 and the second chamber 7, the instrument panel. 3 Air outlet 46 at the top, partition wall 4 between the passenger compartment 2 and the third compartment 8
The ventilation port 52 provided in the room and the air exhaust port 48 at the rear of the third chamber 8 are opened. Also, the air outlet 45 on the upper surface of the instrument panel 3 may be opened. In this case, generally, the outside air introduction port 51 of the third chamber 8 is closed. The electric fans 13, 15, 17, 19 are used for the automobile 1.
Stop when driving at high speed. When the vehicle is running at low speed or is stopped, the first to third electric fans 13, 1 are
5 and 17 are driven. With this configuration, when the automobile 1 travels at high speed, the traveling wind is first discharged from the outside air introduction port 29 at the front end.
The communication port 3 that flows into the chamber 6 and connects the first chamber 6 and the second chamber 7
7 through the second chamber 7, and flows into the vehicle interior 2 from the air outlet 45 or 46 of the instrument panel 3. Then, the air in the vehicle compartment 2 flows out of the vehicle from the ventilation port 52 in the rear portion through the third chamber 8. Therefore, the interior of the vehicle compartment 2 is ventilated. The air volume at this time is adjusted by the opening degree of the outside air introduction damper 30 that opens and closes the outside air introduction port 29. The opening degree can be adjusted, for example, by detecting the air volume at that time by the back electromotive force generated in the motor of the first electric fan 13 and controlling the electromagnetic motor or the like which operates the damper 30 by the signal. it can. Further, when the automobile 1 is stopped or traveling at low speed, the outside air is taken in from the outside air introduction port 29 by the first electric fan 13, and the outside air is taken by the second electric fan 15 in the passenger compartment 2
Supplied within. Then, the air in the passenger compartment 2 is exhausted to the outside by the third electric fan 17 by that amount. Therefore, the interior of the vehicle compartment 2 is ventilated. The air volume at this time is adjusted by the number of rotations of the electric fans 13, 15, and 17.

In this case, since the inside air introduction port 41 of the second chamber 7 is closed by the inside air circulation damper 42, the vehicle compartment 2 and the fourth chamber 10 which is the accommodation chamber of the compressor 18 communicate with each other. However, since the compressor 18 is stopped at this time, the temperature inside the fourth chamber 10 does not become high, and the temperature inside the vehicle interior 2 is not affected thereby. When the ventilation mode is to be immediately changed after the compressor 18 is driven for a long time, the cooling air intake 55 and the exhaust heat outlet 56 of the fourth chamber 10 may be kept open. The battery 11 and the like installed in the third compartment 8 are cooled by the air in the passenger compartment 2 that is discharged from the air exhaust port 48 to the outside of the vehicle through the third compartment 8. When the battery 11 or the like is not sufficiently cooled by only the air, the outside air introduction port 51 of the third chamber 8 is opened to introduce the outside air into the third chamber 8, and the outside air is supplied to the battery 1
It is added to cooling air such as 1.

D) Dehumidification When the humidity inside the vehicle compartment 2 rises and the windshield or the like becomes cloudy, the dehumidification mode is operated. The dehumidification mode has two operating states. One of them is a weak cooling mode operation state. In that case, as shown in FIG. 7, the directional control valve 27 is switched so that the compressor 18 and the first heat exchanger 12 are directly connected. Then, the four-way valve 24 is switched to the direction in which the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 flows to the first heat exchanger 12 side. In addition, the outside air inlet 29 and the air outlet 3 of the first chamber 6
2. Open the inside air inlet 41 of the second chamber 7, the outside air inlet 51 and the air outlet 48 of the third chamber 8, the cooling air inlet 55 and the heat exhaust port 56 of the fourth chamber 10. At this time, the air outlet 45 on the upper surface of the instrument panel 3 is opened. In this state, the compressor 18 and the electric fan 1
3, 15, 17, 19 are driven at low speed. Compressor 1
When 8 operates, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 is guided from the direction switching valve 27 to the first heat exchanger 12 through the bypass pipe 28. Then, after radiating heat in the heat exchanger 12, the pressure is reduced by the expansion valve 23 and vaporized in the second heat exchanger 14. The air introduced from the inside of the vehicle compartment 2 is blown to the second heat exchanger 14. Therefore, the air is cooled, and the water content in the air is condensed by the cooling. As a result, from the air outlet 45 on the upper surface of the instrument panel 3 to the passenger compartment 2
The air blown inside becomes relatively dry air. In this manner, the dry air is blown onto the windshield to remove the fog on the windshield. In this case, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 bypasses the third heat exchanger 16 and is directly guided to the first heat exchanger 12, so that the third heat exchanger 16 does not work. Moreover, since the first electric fan 13 is driven at a low speed, the amount of air blown to the first heat exchanger 12 is small. Therefore, the heat radiation amount of the refrigerant can be suppressed to be smaller than that during normal cooling. As a result, the temperature of the air supplied into the vehicle interior 2 is maintained close to the outside air temperature, and the temperature inside the vehicle interior 2 is prevented from changing significantly. In addition, the battery 1 installed in the third chamber 8
The first and the like are cooled by the outside air introduced into the third chamber 8 by the third electric fan 17.

However, in the dehumidifying mode, the air supplied into the vehicle compartment 2 is cooled to some extent. Therefore, when it is not preferable that the cool air is blown into the passenger compartment 2, the operation is performed as shown in FIG. That is, the direction switching valve 27 is returned to the normal state, and the four-way valve 24
Is switched so that the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 flows to the second heat exchanger 14 side, and the heat pump cycle is set to the heating mode. Then, the air outlet 32 of the first chamber 6 is closed and the communication port 37 between the first chamber 6 and the second chamber 7 is opened. Further, the ventilation port 52 between the vehicle compartment 2 and the third compartment 8 is opened. On the other hand, the outside air introduction port 51 of the third chamber 8
Closes. In this state, the compressor 18 and the electric fans 13, 15, 17, 19 are driven at low speed. Then, the outside air introduced from the outside air introduction port 29 of the first chamber 6 is
The first heat exchanger 12 cools and removes water. Then, the dry air flows into the second chamber 7 through the communication port 37 and is heated by the second heat exchanger 14. Then, the air flows into the vehicle interior 2 from the air outlet 45 on the upper surface of the instrument panel 3. Therefore,
Dry air will be blown to the windshield, and the windshield will be frosted. On the other hand, the high-humidity air in the vehicle compartment 2 is discharged from the ventilation port 52 to the outside of the vehicle through the air outlet 48 of the third chamber 8. In this case, the heat absorption of the refrigerant is performed by both the first heat exchanger 12 and the third heat exchanger 16, while the heat radiation is performed only by the second heat exchanger 14. Therefore, the outside air taken in from the outside air introduction port 29 is heated in the second heat exchanger 14 more than the temperature cooled in the first heat exchanger 12. That is, the air having a temperature higher than the outside temperature is supplied into the vehicle interior 2, and the interior of the vehicle interior 2 is heated. In this way, heating while dehumidifying is possible. Also at this time, the heat in the high temperature air discharged from the vehicle interior 2 is recovered by the third heat exchanger 16. The exhaust heat of the battery 11 and the like installed in the third chamber 8 is also used for heating. Therefore, the thermal efficiency is kept sufficiently high.

E) Defrosting Heating is performed when the outside air temperature is low. And
As described above, heat is absorbed in the first heat exchanger 12 and the third heat exchanger 16 during the operation in the heating mode.
That is, as the refrigerant vaporizes, heat is taken from the air blown to the heat exchangers 12 and 16. Therefore, when the outside air is blown to the heat exchangers 12 and 16, the surrounding temperature becomes lower than the outside air temperature, and when the humidity is high, the moisture in the outside air is condensed and the heat exchanger 1
Freezing may occur at 2 and 16. In particular, the first heat exchanger 12 provided in the front part of the vehicle body is apt to get rainwater and the like, so that ice is likely to adhere thereto. Further, even if the high-temperature air in the passenger compartment 2 is blown to the third heat exchanger 16 during heating while ventilating, the ventilation amount cannot be increased so much to maintain heating efficiency. The third
It is inevitable that the heat exchanger 16 is also frozen. When the ice adheres to the heat exchangers 12 and 16 in this way, the efficiency of the heat exchangers 12 and 16 is significantly reduced. Therefore, in such a case, drive as follows.

First, as shown in FIG. 9, the direction switching valve 27 is switched so that the compressor 18 and the first heat exchanger 12 are directly connected. The flow direction of the refrigerant is the same as that in the heating mode. That is, the four-way valve 24 remains set so that the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 flows to the second heat exchanger 14 side. Further, as in the case of heating, the openings 33 and 34 between the first chamber 6 and the fourth chamber 10, the inside air introduction port 41 of the second chamber 7, and the air outlet 47 at the lower part of the instrument panel 3.
Keep it open. On the other hand, both the outside air introduction port 51 and the air discharge port 48 of the third chamber 8 are closed, and the ventilation port 52 between the vehicle compartment 2 and
Also close it. Then, at this time, the opening / closing valve 26 provided in the bypass passage 25 of the expansion valve 23 is opened. In this state, the electric fans 13, 15, 17 are driven. In that case, the second electric fan 15 is rotated at a low speed. Then, the amount of air that exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger 14 is suppressed to a small amount, so that the refrigerant is kept at a relatively high temperature even after passing through the heat exchanger 14. Then, the refrigerant passes through the bypass passage 25 that bypasses the expansion valve 23 and flows into the first heat exchanger 12. Therefore, a relatively high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is introduced into the first heat exchanger 12. Moreover, the high temperature air in the fourth chamber 10 heated by the heat generation of the compressor 18 and its drive motor is blown onto the first heat exchanger 12. As a result, the ice attached to the first heat exchanger 12 is thawed. On the other hand, at this time, the refrigerant is directly returned from the first heat exchanger 12 to the compressor 18 through the bypass pipe 28, so that the third heat exchanger 16 does not absorb heat. That is, the air around it is not cooled. Since the third chamber 8 is closed, the third electric fan 1
Air is circulated in the third chamber 8 by driving the device 7. The air is heated by the heat generated by the battery 11 and the like. Therefore, the third heat exchanger 16
The air attached to the heat exchanger 16 melts the ice adhered to the heat exchanger 16. Further, at this time, the air blown to the second heat exchanger 14 is at least heated by the heat exchanger 14 although the air is blown in a small amount because the rotation speed of the second electric fan 15 is low. Then, the heated air is supplied into the vehicle interior 2. Therefore, even if the interior of the vehicle compartment 2 is not heated, at least the temperature decrease is prevented. In this way, the first and third heat exchangers 12, 16 are thawed while maintaining the temperature inside the vehicle compartment 2.

If the ice cannot be thawed even in this mode,
As shown in FIG. 10, the direction switching valve 27 is returned to the normal state and the four-way valve 24 is switched to operate the heat pump cycle in the cooling mode. In that case, in order to prevent the air cooled by the second heat exchanger 14 from flowing out into the vehicle compartment 2, the air outlets 45, 46 that blow out the air from the second chamber 7 into the vehicle compartment 2. , 47 are all closed, and the opening 44 on the passenger compartment 2 side provided in the partition wall 9 forming the bottom wall of the second compartment 7 is opened. Then, the second chamber 7 is shut off from the vehicle compartment 2 side by the damper 43 that opens and closes the opening 44, and the second chamber 7 portion is sealed. Then, the air that has passed through the second heat exchanger 14 has its opening 44
After flowing out of the second chamber 7 through the inside air inlet 41 again.
Returned inside. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the passenger from feeling cold air. Then, by operating in the cooling mode in this way, the refrigerant radiates heat in the first heat exchanger 12 and the third heat exchanger 16, so that the heat exchanger 1
The temperature around 2 and 16 becomes high. Also at this time, the fourth chamber 1 is heated to a high temperature by the heat generated by the compressor 18 and the like.
Since the air in 0 is circulated between the first chamber 6 and the first chamber 6, warm air is blown to the first heat exchanger 12 installed in the first chamber 6. As a result, the ice attached to the first heat exchanger 12 is rapidly thawed. Further, since the third chamber 8 accommodating the heat source such as the battery 11 is sealed and the air is circulated in the third chamber 8, hot air is also blown to the third heat exchanger 16. It will be. as a result,
The ice attached to the third heat exchanger 16 is also rapidly melted. In this way, the first heat exchanger 12 or the third heat exchanger 16
Even when icing occurs in the ice, the ice can be removed by operating the heat pump cycle and utilizing the exhaust heat of the battery 11, the compressor 18, and the like.

In the above embodiment, the four-way valve 24 is used as the switching means for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant.
If a reversible valve is used as shown in Japanese Patent No. 55-8588, such a four-way valve 24 can be omitted. Further, as the pressure reducing means for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant,
In addition to the single expansion valve 23 formed of a capillary tube as in the above embodiment, an expansion valve that operates in the cooling cycle and an expansion valve that operates in the heating cycle may be separately provided. Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the fourth chamber 10 in which the compressor 18 is installed is arranged below the first chamber 6 and the second chamber 7, but the fourth chamber 10 is
For example, it may be arranged laterally of the first and second chambers 6 and 7. Also, a heat source such as the battery 11 may be arranged in the fourth chamber 10, or conversely, the compressor 18 may be arranged in the third chamber 8 behind the vehicle compartment 2. Is also possible.

[0035]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged in front of the vehicle compartment, and the third heat exchanger is provided in the vehicle compartment. The third heat exchanger is made to act as an outdoor heat exchanger both during cooling and heating, so that it can be removed from the passenger compartment during ventilation during cooling or heating in the passenger compartment. The energy in the discharged air can be recovered. Therefore, the air conditioner can consume less energy. Further, since the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged in two independent rooms provided in front of the vehicle compartment, the first heat exchanger is used as an outdoor heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger can be made to act as an indoor heat exchanger, and the rooms in which those heat exchangers are placed can be communicated / interrupted so that special heat removal such as dehumidification during heating can be achieved. It is possible to drive in the mode, and it is possible to maintain the passenger compartment in a comfortable environment at all times. Further, since the three heat exchangers are connected in series, switching between cooling and heating can be performed only by switching the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant circuit can be simplified. Moreover, all the heat exchangers can be operated both during cooling and during heating. Then, by using two of the three heat exchangers as the outdoor heat exchanger, the apparent heat exchange area of the outdoor heat exchanger increases, so the amount of heat radiation when the outdoor temperature is high, Alternatively, it is possible to secure the amount of heat absorption when the outside air temperature is low, and it is possible to provide an extremely efficient air conditioner. Therefore, it can be applied to an electric vehicle.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an automobile air conditioner according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing one form of a cooling mode in the air conditioner.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing different modes of a cooling mode in the air conditioner.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing one form of a heating mode in the air conditioner.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing different modes of a heating mode in the air conditioner.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing one form of a ventilation mode in the air conditioner.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing one form of a dehumidifying mode in the air conditioner.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing different modes of a dehumidifying mode in the air conditioner.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing one form of an ice thawing mode in the air conditioner.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing different forms of an ice-breaking mode in the air conditioner.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Car 2 Vehicle Room 3 Instrument Panel 4 Rear Partition 5 Vertical Partition 6 1st Chamber 7 2nd Chamber 8 3rd Chamber 12 1st Heat Exchanger 14 2nd Heat Exchanger 16 3rd Heat Exchanger 18 Compressor 20,21 , 22 Refrigerant piping 23 Expansion valve (pressure reducing means) 24 Four-way valve 25 Bypass passage 26 On-off valve 27 Direction switching valve 28 Bypass piping 29 Outside air inlet 37 Communication port (communicating passage) 45, 46, 47 Air outlet 48 Air outlet

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A first chamber having an outside air introduction port for taking in air from the outside of the vehicle and a second chamber having an air blowing port for blowing air into the vehicle compartment are provided in front of the vehicle compartment, and are separated from each other. A third chamber having an air discharge port for discharging air to the outside of the vehicle is provided at the rear, and the first chamber, the second chamber, and the third chamber perform the first heat exchange with the air passing through these chambers. A heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and a third heat exchanger are arranged, respectively, and the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are interposed between the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger. , And the third heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger are respectively connected in series by a refrigerant pipe, and the refrigerant pipe is connected to the refrigerant pipe between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. Decompression means for decompressing the flowing refrigerant,
An air conditioner for an automobile, characterized in that each of the refrigerant pipes between the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger is provided with a compressor for compressing a refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipes. 2. Between the first chamber in which the first heat exchanger is arranged and the second chamber in which the second heat exchanger is arranged, the air passing through the first chamber is passed to the second chamber. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising an openable / closable communication path for introduction. 3. A vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant pipe between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger is provided with a switchable bypass passage that bypasses the pressure reducing means. apparatus. 4. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein a switchable bypass pipe that bypasses the third heat exchanger is connected between the first heat exchanger and the compressor.