JPH05163733A - Pneumatic caisson process and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] Efficient excavation is enabled by unmanned automation by continuously excavating and discharging soil. [Structure] The earth and sand continuously excavated in the pressure working chamber are continuously carried out in the pressured state, and a required amount is stored in an earth discharge lock chamber equipped with a discharge gate. After that, in a state where the pressure inside the pressure chamber is cut off, it is carried out from the earth discharging lock chamber 12 onto the earth discharging work floor 2 at the bottom of the caisson 1 and outside the caisson 1. As a result, soil is continuously discharged to improve excavation and discharge capacity, and safety, maintenance and dismantling work are also performed under atmospheric pressure.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pneumatic caisson method and an apparatus for continuously excavating and excavating and enabling efficient excavation by unmanned automation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There is a pneumatic caisson method as one of the construction techniques applied to large-depth vertical piles and large-depth large foundations for effective use of underground space. In this, a worker enters the working chamber where air is applied at the tip of the caisson and excavates the caisson while excavating.

[0003]

In this pneumatic caisson method, there is a limit to the internal pressure at which a worker can enter the work chamber, so the excavation depth is restricted in the ground where the groundwater level is high. For this reason, instead of directly entering the pressure chamber, a worker enters inside a capsule with an indoor pressure close to the atmospheric pressure provided in the pressure chamber, and a method is also proposed in which the excavating machine in the pressure chamber is operated from the inside of this working capsule. Has been done. However, in any case, since the material discharge is used to discharge the soil from the pneumatic excavator through the material lock, the material lock is operated every time the discharge bucket passes, so it takes time to discharge the soil, There is a limit to the excavation capacity because the excavation capacity is determined according to the earth removal capacity due to the size of the material lock.

In the pneumatic caisson method according to the present invention, no worker is allowed to enter the pressure chamber, and a soil discharge lock chamber is provided between the pressure chamber and the soil discharge chamber to continuously discharge the air by the drag line bucket elevator. The purpose is to improve the excavation and discharge capacity by soiling and to perform safety, maintenance and dismantling work under atmospheric pressure.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and is provided with a carry-out gate for continuously carrying out earth and sand excavated continuously in a pressure working chamber in a pressured state. After storing the required amount in the discharge chute, it was carried out to the outside of the caisson by discharging it to the earth excavation work floor at the bottom of the caisson outside the earth discharging lock room with the pressure inside the pressure chamber being cut off. And

[0006]

A casing frame is provided so as to be rotatable so as to be electrically connected to the pressure air working chamber below the caisson, and an earth discharge lock chamber and a drag line bucket elevator are provided in the casing so that earth can be discharged in a pressure air state. To provide. An excavating device is provided on the elevating frame provided with the casing frame so that the excavating and discharging device can be stored in the casing in a manner isolated from the pressure chamber. Therefore, by alternately opening and closing the gates provided in the upper and lower parts of the soil discharge lock chamber, the pressure in the casing frame does not escape even during soil discharge, and the soil can be continuously excavated and discharged. Can be improved. Furthermore, since the excavation and soil discharging device is housed in the casing and can be isolated from the pressure chamber, repair and dismantling can be performed completely under atmospheric pressure.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The pneumatic caisson construction method and apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a main body of a caisson having a required diameter and a length. The caisson main body 1 is constructed so as to be successively added to the upper portion in accordance with the excavation depth, and a required pneumatic working chamber R from a lower end blade 1a.
The work floor 2 is integrally formed with the caisson main body 1 at a required height position for forming a ground, and a through hole is provided in the center of the work floor 2 so that the lower portion of the casing 3 for accommodating the excavation / excavation device is airtight. It is inserted into and is rotatably supported.

The turning (turning) of the casing 3 is performed by the turning device 4 installed on the casing 3 or the working floor 2.

An elevating frame 6 supporting the excavation and unloading device 5 is vertically and airtightly fitted in the casing 3, and is lifted and lowered by a hoisting device 7 provided on the upper part of the casing 3.

The lower end of the elevating frame 6 projects into the pneumatic working chamber below the work floor 2 during normal excavation and earth removal work, and the lower end supports the trencher 8 and the ring cutting machine 9 so that they can swing up and down. , This frame 6
Airtight drag line bucket elevator 10 inside
The casing frame 11 is provided. Under the casing frame 11, the buckets 10B arranged in the endless chain 10c at a predetermined pitch are operated to excavate the bottom surface of the central portion of the pneumatic working chamber R, while scooping out the soil to remove the inside of the casing frame. It rises and discharges to the discharge chute 10S provided on the upper part of the frame.

The casing frame 11 has a cylindrical shape, and a bucket 10B attached to an endless chain rises and descends inside the longitudinal cylinder, and the rising bucket 10B is turned to collect contents, that is, excavated earth and sand. Casing frame 1 so that it can be discharged into chute 10S
The discharge chute 10S is integrally formed on the upper side of 1.
A soil discharge lock chamber 12 having a required internal volume is continuously provided below the discharge chute 10S, and a discharge gate 13 is rotatably provided between the discharge chute 10S and the soil discharge lock chamber 12.
By opening the gate 13, the excavated earth and sand in the discharge chute is dropped and supplied to the earth discharge lock chamber 12 below.

A soil discharging gate 14 is provided at the lower end of the soil discharging lock chamber 12 so as to be openable and closable, and the soil discharging gates 13 and 14 provided on the inlet side and the outlet side of the soil discharging lock chamber 12 are alternately arranged. It is opened and closed so that the pressure in the casing frame 11 is maintained even when soil is being discharged.

The casing 3 has a cylindrical portion for moving up and down an elevating frame 6 having an excavating and discharging device 5, and one outer peripheral surface of the casing 3 is cut out in the longitudinal direction thereof to form a discharging chute 10S portion of the casing frame 11 into a cylindrical portion. More guidance,
The casing 3 is freely moved up and down, and a bulging portion 3a is integrally provided so as to cover the outside over the entire length of the raising and lowering process of the discharging chute 10S, and the lower surface of the casing bulging portion 3a is the earth discharging lock. It is vertically opposed to the soil discharging gate 14 of the chamber, and the lower position of the soil discharging gate 14 is opened, and a shutter 15 is provided to be openable and closable, and the shutter 15 is always opened during normal soil discharging work. It should be closed during maintenance and inspection / repair of the excavation and earth removal device.
When loading a water load, the lower part of the discharge gate is lowered to join the shutter in a watertight manner, a material lock is provided on the upper part, and a hospital lock is also provided by connecting a shaft to the upper part.

A bottom gate 16 is provided which opens in the center of the work floor 2 and closes a hole through which the casing 3 is inserted when the elevating frame 6 is raised.

The trencher 8 and the ring cutting machine 9 provided at the lower end of the elevating frame 6 are provided at different positions, for example, at opposing positions as shown in the drawing, and at the same time, the caisson lower end peripheral portion can be excavated, and at the same time mainly the groove trench is formed. Equipped with an excavator 17 at the tip of the trencher 8
The trencher 8 excavates under the caisson blade at the tip of the trench.

Therefore, when excavating with the device configured as described above, the pressure working chamber at the lower end of the caisson is appropriately adjusted according to the ambient pressure outside the excavation hole so that the excavation portion does not collapse due to earth pressure or water pressure around the outside of the excavation hole. Add air pressure. In this case, since no worker enters the pneumatic working chamber R, the pressure can be set higher than the normal worker's pressure resistance. While applying the required pressure in this way, the trencher 8, the grip excavator 17, and the ring cutting machine 9 excavate the caisson blade and its peripheral portion by rocking the arm of the trencher and the ring cutting machine, and excavating the earth and sand. Is discharged to the center of the pressure chamber. Then, while excavating the central part with the drag line bucket elevator 10, while scooping with a bucket along with the earth and sand discharged by the trencher / ring cutting machine, the casing frame 11 is sequentially raised and the discharge chute with the gate 13 closed. Open within 10S.

The earth discharging lock chamber 12 with the gate 13 closed with the gate 13 opened from inside the discharge chute 10S.
Supply in. When a certain amount of earth and sand is supplied to the earth discharge lock chamber 12, the gate 13 is closed to keep the pressure in the casing frame, and then the gate 14 is opened to drop the earth and sand in the earth discharge lock chamber onto the work floor. Transfer. In this way, the trencher 8 and the ring-cutting machine 9 excavate in the circumferential direction of the caisson blade, which is performed by intermittently rotating the casing 3 intermittently with the trench width of the trencher 8 as one pitch.

Therefore, the soil discharged on the work floor is discharged in the shape of a dashed circle in accordance with the rotation of the casing 3 and rises up. This is discharged to the outside from the inside of the caisson by a clamshell bucket 18 as shown in FIG. In this way, excavation is continued by continuously excavating soil to the required depth while successively adding caisson.

During excavation work, when any or all of the excavation or earth removal devices fail, and during maintenance and inspection, and during dismantling work, the shutter gate 15 is closed, and the trencher 8, ring cut machine 9 and drag line bucket are closed. The seal at the lower part of the elevator is opened to make the inside of the casing 3 in a compressed air state, and the casing 3 is extended to the outside diameter of the elevating frame 6 as shown by the chain line in FIG. The inside of the casing 3 is raised by the upper device 7 or the like. Then, after being completely stored in the casing 3, the bottom gate 16 is closed, the shutter gate 15 is opened so that the pressure in the pressure chamber R does not leak, and the inside of the casing 3 is set to the atmospheric pressure, and the operator uses this casing 3 Enter and perform the prescribed work. After the work is completed, the elevating frame is lowered by the reverse operation of the previous work so that the excavation work can be continued.

[0020]

According to the present invention, the excavated soil excavated in the pressure chamber is scraped up by the drag line bucket elevator and temporarily stored in the discharge chute in the same pressure state as the pressure chamber until the required amount is reached. After that, since it is arranged to be transferred to the work floor inside the caisson via the soil discharge lock room,
Since the pressure in the pressure chamber is maintained even during earth unloading, earth unloading work is performed continuously, and the earth unloading capacity is significantly improved compared to the conventional one, which limits the excavation capacity to this earth unloading capacity. Since it does not occur, there is an advantage that the drilling capacity is also improved. Further, since the excavation / excavation device is housed in the casing together with the elevating frame, and the pressure working chamber can be isolated from the casing, the excavation / excavation device can be safely repaired under atmospheric pressure.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an excavation device used in the pneumatic caisson method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the same main part.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Caisson 2 Work floor 3 Casing 5 Excavation and unloading device 6 Lifting frame 8 Trencher 9 Ring cutting machine 10 Drag line bucket elevator 11 Casing frame 12 Excavation lock room 13 Gate 14 Gate 15 Shutter gate 16 Bottom gate

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Sediment excavated continuously in a pressure working chamber is continuously carried out in a pressured state, and after storing a required amount in an earth discharge lock chamber equipped with a discharge gate, the pressured state with the pressure chamber is cut off. The pneumatic caisson method is characterized in that it is carried out from the earth removal lock room onto the earth excavation work floor at the bottom of the caisson and then out of the caisson. 2. A casing with a shutter gate that is erected in a caisson and that is swingably and airtightly supported in the center of the working floor, an elevating frame that is vertically movable in the casing, and a foldable frame. A freely installed excavating and discharging device, a bottom gate that cuts off the compressed air state between the casing and the compressed air working chamber below the caisson when the excavating and discharging device is stored in the casing, and discharge of the casing frame in the elevating frame. An apparatus for the pneumatic caisson method, which comprises an earth-moving lock chamber having a gate for earth-discharging at the bottom of the chute.