JPH05168085A - Microphone system - Google Patents
Microphone systemInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05168085A JPH05168085A JP3336506A JP33650691A JPH05168085A JP H05168085 A JPH05168085 A JP H05168085A JP 3336506 A JP3336506 A JP 3336506A JP 33650691 A JP33650691 A JP 33650691A JP H05168085 A JPH05168085 A JP H05168085A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- output signal
- unit
- microphone
- subtractor
- omnidirectional microphone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/403—Linear arrays of transducers
Landscapes
- Stereophonic Arrangements (AREA)
- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【目的】 マイクロホンの近傍の音源が発する騒音、機
械振動、風の影響を低減し、収音ＳＮ比の高い超指向性
マイクロホンを提供する。
【構成】 全て無指向性マイクロホンユニットであるユ
ニット１、２、３を、ユニット１とユニット２との間隔
と、ユニット２とユニット３との間隔がそれぞれｄとな
るように、同一直線上に配置する。ユニット２の出力信
号をユニット間隔ｄに対応した位相遅れを施した後、ユ
ニット１の出力信号より差し引くことによって第１の１
次音圧傾度型単一指向性マイクロホンを構成する。ま
た、ユニット２とユニット３を用いて同様に第２の単一
指向性マイクロホンを構成する。これら第１と第２の単
一指向性マイクロホンの出力信号の差信号を取ることに
よって、２次音圧傾度型超指向性マイクロホンが得られ
る。この超指向性マイクロホンの出力信号の高周波数成
分とユニット１の出力信号の低周波数成分を加算して出
力する。
(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To provide a super-directional microphone having a high sound-to-noise ratio, which reduces the effects of noise, mechanical vibration, and wind generated by a sound source near the microphone. [Configuration] Units 1, 2, and 3 which are all omnidirectional microphone units are arranged on the same straight line so that the distance between unit 1 and unit 2 and the distance between unit 2 and unit 3 are d, respectively. To do. The output signal of the unit 2 is delayed by a phase corresponding to the unit interval d and then subtracted from the output signal of the unit 1 to obtain the first signal.
A unidirectional microphone with secondary sound pressure gradient is constructed. In addition, the second unidirectional microphone is similarly configured by using the units 2 and 3. By taking the difference signal between the output signals of the first and second unidirectional microphones, the secondary sound pressure gradient type superdirective microphone can be obtained. The high frequency component of the output signal of the super directional microphone and the low frequency component of the output signal of the unit 1 are added and output.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は２次音圧傾度型超指向性
マイクロホンに関し、特にビデオカメラに内蔵される超
指向性マイクロホンに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a secondary sound pressure gradient type super directional microphone, and more particularly to a super directional microphone incorporated in a video camera.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】周囲の騒音の影響を低減し、所望の音源
からの音を高ＳＮ比で収音する手段として、超指向性マ
イクロホンが用いられる。超指向性マイクロホンとして
はラインマイクロホンや高次の音圧傾度型マイクロホン
が用いられるが、特にビデオカメラ等の機器に内蔵され
る超指向性マイクロホンの場合、マイクロホンの大きさ
やコストパフォーマンス、性能の安定性の点で、２次音
圧傾度型マイクロホンが最も実用的である。2. Description of the Related Art A super directional microphone is used as a means for reducing the influence of ambient noise and collecting a sound from a desired sound source with a high SN ratio. Line microphones and higher-order sound pressure gradient type microphones are used as superdirectional microphones, but especially in the case of superdirectional microphones built into devices such as video cameras, the size, cost performance, and performance stability of the microphones are stable. In terms of, the secondary sound pressure gradient type microphone is the most practical.
【０００３】（図３）に従来の２次音圧傾度型超指向性
マイクロホンの構成の一例を示す。（図３）に示す例で
は、２個の単一指向性マイクロホンユニット２２、２３
を、適当な間隔をおいて、それぞれの主軸の向きが一致
するように配置し、ユニット２２とユニット２３の出力
信号の差信号を減算器２４にて取り出すことにより、２
次音圧傾度型マイクロホンを実現している。FIG. 3 shows an example of the structure of a conventional secondary sound pressure gradient type super-directional microphone. In the example shown in FIG. 3, two unidirectional microphone units 22 and 23 are provided.
Are arranged at appropriate intervals so that the directions of the respective principal axes coincide with each other, and the difference signal between the output signals of the unit 22 and the unit 23 is taken out by the subtractor 24.
A secondary sound pressure gradient type microphone has been realized.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、音圧傾
度型マイクロホンは、騒音源がマイクロホンの近傍に存
在するときには、近接効果によって低周波数域で収音Ｓ
Ｎ比が低下する。また、マイクロホンに機械振動が加え
られるとマイクロホンは振動雑音を発生するが、音圧傾
度型マイクロホンは、無指向性マイクロホンに比べて、
特に低周波数域で機械振動に対する感度が高い。更に、
ビデオカメラは屋外で使用される頻度が高いが、一般に
指向性の鋭いマイクロホンほど、風の影響が大きく風雑
音を生じ易い。従って、（図３）に示すようなマイクロ
ホンをビデオカメラに内蔵すると、ビデオカメラ本体内
の機構系の発する騒音や機械振動、風の影響により、収
音ＳＮ比は大きく低下する。However, in the sound pressure gradient type microphone, when the noise source is in the vicinity of the microphone, the sound pickup S in the low frequency range is caused by the proximity effect.
The N ratio decreases. Also, when mechanical vibration is applied to the microphone, the microphone generates vibration noise, but the sound pressure gradient type microphone is
In particular, it has high sensitivity to mechanical vibration in the low frequency range. Furthermore,
Video cameras are often used outdoors, but generally microphones with sharper directivity are more susceptible to wind and generate wind noise. Therefore, if the microphone as shown in FIG. 3 is built into the video camera, the sound collection SN ratio is greatly reduced due to the effects of noise, mechanical vibration, and wind generated by the mechanical system in the video camera body.
【０００５】本発明のマイクロホン装置は、上記の問題
点を解決し、収音ＳＮ比の高い超指向性マイクロホンを
提供することを目的とする。An object of a microphone device of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide a super directional microphone having a high sound collection SN ratio.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、本発明のマイクロホン装置は、収音目的とする信号
を、その周波数によって低周波数域と高周波数域に分割
し、低周波数域の信号は無指向性で、高周波数域の信号
は２次の音圧傾度型の指向性で収音を行うものである。In order to achieve the above object, the microphone device of the present invention divides a signal to be picked up into a low frequency region and a high frequency region according to its frequency and outputs a signal in the low frequency region. Is omnidirectional, and high frequency signals are picked up by the secondary sound pressure gradient type directivity.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】本発明のマイクロホン装置は、低周波数域では
無指向性であるため、マイクロホン近傍の騒音源が発す
る騒音、機械振動、風の影響を低減することができると
同時に、高周波数域では２次音圧傾度型超指向性マイク
ロホンとして動作し、所望の音源からの音を高ＳＮ比で
収音することができる。Since the microphone device of the present invention is omnidirectional in the low frequency range, it is possible to reduce the effects of noise, mechanical vibration, and wind generated by a noise source near the microphone, and at the same time, in the high frequency range, It operates as a next sound pressure gradient type super directional microphone, and can pick up a sound from a desired sound source with a high SN ratio.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例について詳細に説明す
る。EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below.
【０００９】（図１）は本発明のマイクロホン装置の第
１の実施例の構成を示す図である。全て無指向性マイク
ロホンユニットであるユニット１、ユニット２、ユニッ
ト３を、ユニット１とユニット２との間隔と、ユニット
２とユニット３との間隔がそれぞれｄとなるように、同
一直線上に配置する。移相器４を用いてユニット２の出
力信号をユニット間隔ｄに対応した位相遅れを施した
後、ユニット１の出力信号より減算器６にて差し引くこ
とにより第１の１次音圧傾度型単一指向性マイクロホン
を構成する。また、ユニット２、ユニット３、移相器
５、減算器７を用いて同様に第２の１次音圧傾度型単一
指向性マイクロホンを構成する。そして、上記第１と第
２の単一指向性マイクロホンの出力信号から減算器８に
て差信号を生成することにより、２次音圧傾度型超指向
性マイクロホンが得られる。このようにして構成された
超指向性マイクロホンの出力信号からハイパスフィルタ
１０により高周波数成分を抽出し、この高周波数成分
と、ユニット１の出力信号からローパスフィルタ９によ
り抽出された低周波数成分とを加算器１１で加算し、こ
の加算した信号をマイクロホン装置の最終出力とする。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a first embodiment of a microphone device of the present invention. Units 1, 2, and 3 which are all omnidirectional microphone units are arranged on the same straight line so that the distance between unit 1 and unit 2 and the distance between unit 2 and unit 3 are d, respectively. . The output signal of the unit 2 is delayed by the phase shifter 4 in accordance with the unit interval d, and then subtracted from the output signal of the unit 1 by the subtractor 6 to obtain the first primary sound pressure gradient type unit. Configure a unidirectional microphone. A second primary sound pressure gradient type unidirectional microphone is similarly constructed by using the unit 2, the unit 3, the phase shifter 5, and the subtractor 7. Then, the subtractor 8 generates a difference signal from the output signals of the first and second unidirectional microphones to obtain a secondary sound pressure gradient type superdirective microphone. The high-pass filter 10 extracts a high-frequency component from the output signal of the super-directional microphone thus configured, and the high-frequency component and the low-frequency component extracted from the output signal of the unit 1 by the low-pass filter 9 are combined. Addition is performed by the adder 11, and the added signal is used as the final output of the microphone device.
【００１０】本実施例のマイクロホン装置は、上記の構
成によって、低周波数域では無指向性となり、マイクロ
ホン近傍の騒音源が発する騒音、機械振動、風の影響を
低減することができると同時に、高周波数域では２次音
圧傾度型超指向性マイクロホンとして動作し、所望の音
源からの音を高ＳＮ比で収音することができる。With the above-described structure, the microphone device of the present embodiment becomes omnidirectional in the low frequency range, and it is possible to reduce the effects of noise, mechanical vibration, and wind generated by noise sources near the microphone, and at the same time increase In the frequency range, it operates as a secondary sound pressure gradient type super-directional microphone and can pick up a sound from a desired sound source with a high SN ratio.
【００１１】（図２）は本発明のマイクロホン装置の第
２の実施例の構成を示す図である。全て無指向性マイク
ロホンユニットであるユニット１２、ユニット１３、ユ
ニット１４を、ユニット１２とユニット１３との間隔
と、ユニット１３とユニット１４との間隔がそれぞれｄ
となるように、同一直線上に配置する。ユニット１３の
出力信号をユニット１２の出力信号より減算器１６にて
差し引くことによって第１の１次音圧傾度型双指向性マ
イクロホンを構成する。また、ユニット１３とユニット
１４と減算器１７を用いて同様に第２の双指向性マイク
ロホンを構成する。この第２の双指向性マイクロホンの
出力信号を、移相器１５にてユニット間隔ｄに対応した
位相遅れを施した後、前記第１の双指向性マイクロホン
の出力信号より減算器１８にて差し引くことにより、２
次音圧傾度型超指向性マイクロホンが得られる。このよ
うに構成された超指向性マイクロホンの出力信号からハ
イパスフィルタ２０により高周波数成分を抽出し、この
高周波数成分と、ユニット１２の出力信号からローパス
フィルタ１９により抽出された低周波数成分とを加算器
２１で加算し、この加算した信号をマイクロホン装置の
最終出力とする。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the second embodiment of the microphone device of the present invention. The unit 12, unit 13, and unit 14, which are all omnidirectional microphone units, have a distance d between the unit 12 and the unit 13 and a distance d between the unit 13 and the unit 14, respectively.
Are arranged on the same straight line so that By subtracting the output signal of the unit 13 from the output signal of the unit 12 by the subtracter 16, a first primary sound pressure gradient type bidirectional microphone is constructed. Further, a second bidirectional microphone is similarly constructed by using the units 13, 14 and the subtractor 17. The output signal of the second bidirectional microphone is delayed by the phase shifter 15 according to the unit interval d, and then subtracted from the output signal of the first bidirectional microphone by the subtractor 18. By this, 2
A sub-directional pressure gradient type super directional microphone is obtained. A high-frequency component is extracted by the high-pass filter 20 from the output signal of the super-directional microphone configured as described above, and this high-frequency component is added to the low-frequency component extracted by the low-pass filter 19 from the output signal of the unit 12. The signal is added by the device 21, and the added signal is used as the final output of the microphone device.
【００１２】本実施例のマイクロホン装置は、上記の構
成によって、低周波数域では無指向性となり、マイクロ
ホン近傍の騒音源が発する騒音、機械振動、風の影響を
低減することができると同時に、高周波数域では２次音
圧傾度型超指向性マイクロホンとして動作し、所望の音
源からの音を高ＳＮ比で収音することができる。With the above-described structure, the microphone device of the present embodiment becomes omnidirectional in the low frequency range, and it is possible to reduce the effects of noise, mechanical vibration, and wind generated by the noise source near the microphone, and at the same time In the frequency range, it operates as a secondary sound pressure gradient type super-directional microphone and can pick up a sound from a desired sound source with a high SN ratio.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明のマイクロホン装
置は、収音目的とする信号を、その周波数によって低周
波数域と高周波数域に分割し、低周波数域の信号は無指
向性で、高周波数域の信号は２次の音圧傾度型の指向性
で収音を行うことにより、従来の２次音圧傾度型超指向
性マイクロホンと比較して、マイクロホン近傍の騒音源
が発する騒音、機械振動、風の影響を著しく低減するこ
とができる。As described above, the microphone device of the present invention divides a signal to be picked up into a low frequency region and a high frequency region according to its frequency, and the low frequency region signal is omnidirectional, High-frequency signals are picked up by the secondary sound pressure gradient type directivity, so that noise generated by a noise source near the microphone is higher than that of a conventional secondary sound pressure gradient type super-directional microphone. The effects of mechanical vibration and wind can be significantly reduced.
【図１】本発明の第１の実施例におけるマイクロホン装
置の構成を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a microphone device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第２の実施例におけるマイクロホン装
置の構成を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a microphone device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】従来の２次音圧傾度型超指向性マイクロホンの
構成の一例を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a conventional secondary sound pressure gradient type superdirective microphone.
１、２、３、１２、１３、１４ 無指向性マイクロホン
ユニット ４、５、１５ 移相器 ６、７、８、１６、１７、１８ 減算器 ９、１９ ローパスフィルタ １０、２０ ハイパスフィルタ １１、２１ 加算器1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 14 Omnidirectional microphone unit 4, 5, 15 Phase shifter 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 18 Subtractor 9, 19 Low-pass filter 10, 20 High-pass filter 11, 21 Adder
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 山品 裕治 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内Front page continuation (72) Inventor Yuji Yamashina 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
Claims (2)
た第１、第２、第３の無指向性マイクロホンユニット
と、前記第２の無指向性マイクロホンユニットの出力信
号に適当な位相遅れを施す第１の移相器と、前記第１の
無指向性マイクロホンユニットの出力信号より前記第１
の移相器の出力信号を差し引く第１の減算器と、前記第
３の無指向性マイクロホンユニットの出力信号に適当な
位相遅れを施す第２の移相器と、前記第２の無指向性マ
イクロホンユニットの出力信号より前記第２の移相器の
出力信号を差し引く第２の減算器と、前記第１の減算器
の出力信号より前記第２の減算器の出力信号を差し引く
第３の減算器と、前記第１の無指向性マイクロホンの出
力信号の高周波数成分を除去するローパスフィルタと、
前記第３の減算器の出力信号の低周波数成分を除去する
ハイパスフィルタと、前記ローパスフィルタの出力信号
と前記ハイパスフィルタの出力信号を加算する加算器と
を備えたマイクロホン装置。1. A first, second, and third omnidirectional microphone units arranged on the same straight line at regular intervals, and an appropriate phase delay for an output signal of the second omnidirectional microphone unit. The first phase shifter for applying the first phase shifter and the output signal of the first omnidirectional microphone unit.
First subtractor for subtracting the output signal of the phase shifter, a second phase shifter for appropriately delaying the output signal of the third omnidirectional microphone unit, and the second omnidirectional A second subtractor that subtracts the output signal of the second phase shifter from the output signal of the microphone unit, and a third subtraction that subtracts the output signal of the second subtractor from the output signal of the first subtractor And a low pass filter for removing high frequency components of the output signal of the first omnidirectional microphone,
A microphone device comprising: a high-pass filter that removes low-frequency components of the output signal of the third subtractor; and an adder that adds the output signal of the low-pass filter and the output signal of the high-pass filter.
た第１、第２、第３の無指向性マイクロホンユニット
と、前記第１の無指向性マイクロホンユニットの出力信
号より前記第２の無指向性マイクロホンユニットの出力
信号を差し引く第１の減算器と、前記第２の無指向性マ
イクロホンユニットの出力信号より前記第３の無指向性
マイクロホンユニットの出力信号を差し引く第２の減算
器と、前記第２の減算器の出力信号に適当な位相遅れを
施す移相器と、前記第１の減算器の出力信号より前記移
相器の出力信号を差し引く第３の減算器と、前記第１の
無指向性マイクロホンの出力信号の高周波数成分を除去
するローパスフィルタと、前記第３の減算器の出力信号
の低周波数成分を除去するハイパスフィルタと、前記ロ
ーパスフィルタの出力信号と前記ハイパスフィルタの出
力信号を加算する加算器とを備えたマイクロホン装置。2. The first, second, and third omnidirectional microphone units arranged on the same straight line at regular intervals, and the second omnidirectional microphone unit based on an output signal of the first omnidirectional microphone unit. A first subtractor for subtracting the output signal of the omnidirectional microphone unit, and a second subtractor for subtracting the output signal of the third omnidirectional microphone unit from the output signal of the second omnidirectional microphone unit A phase shifter that applies an appropriate phase delay to the output signal of the second subtractor, a third subtractor that subtracts the output signal of the phase shifter from the output signal of the first subtractor, and the third 1. A low pass filter for removing high frequency components of the output signal of the omnidirectional microphone, a high pass filter for removing low frequency components of the output signal of the third subtractor, and an output of the low pass filter. A microphone device comprising a signal and an adder for adding the output signal of the high-pass filter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3336506A JPH05168085A (en) | 1991-12-19 | 1991-12-19 | Microphone system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3336506A JPH05168085A (en) | 1991-12-19 | 1991-12-19 | Microphone system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05168085A true JPH05168085A (en) | 1993-07-02 |
Family
ID=18299839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3336506A Pending JPH05168085A (en) | 1991-12-19 | 1991-12-19 | Microphone system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05168085A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114125615A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-03-01 | 湖北芯擎科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted interface data processing system and method and vehicle-mounted equipment |
| GB2604995A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-21 | Cirrus Logic Int Semiconductor Ltd | Apparatus and method for obtaining directional audio signals |
-
1991
- 1991-12-19 JP JP3336506A patent/JPH05168085A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2604995A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-21 | Cirrus Logic Int Semiconductor Ltd | Apparatus and method for obtaining directional audio signals |
| US11477569B2 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-10-18 | Cirrus Logic, Inc. | Apparatus and method for obtaining directional audio signals |
| GB2604995B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2023-04-19 | Cirrus Logic Int Semiconductor Ltd | Apparatus and method for obtaining directional audio signals |
| CN114125615A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-03-01 | 湖北芯擎科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted interface data processing system and method and vehicle-mounted equipment |
| CN114125615B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-03 | 湖北芯擎科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted interface data processing system and method and vehicle-mounted equipment |
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