JPH052906B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (a) Industrial application field The present invention is an absorption refrigeration system that utilizes an absorption refrigeration cycle to obtain heated fluid used for space heating or hot water supply, or cooled fluid used for air conditioning. Regarding machines.

(b) Prior art The absorption refrigeration cycle has a mechanism that heats the liquid that has absorbed the refrigerant and reseparates the refrigerant, and the refrigerant obtained by this mechanism is used for cooling or heating, so the generator There are also absorption chillers that cannot operate until the liquid temperature reaches a certain temperature, and cannot immediately shift to steady operation even if the generator temperature reaches a certain temperature.

For example, in an absorption chiller using an organic absorbent or a water-ammonia absorption chiller, a rectifier 3 is provided between a generator 1 and a condenser 2, as shown in FIG. The absorbent component mixed in the refrigerant gas stream that is heated in the generator 1, becomes gaseous, and flows toward the condenser 2 is reduced. In this rectifier 3, for example, the absorption liquid or the like aggregated in the partial condenser 4 is dripped from the liquid disperser 5 to wet the filler 6 housed in the rectifier 3, thereby generating the generator 1.
The absorbent components are removed by bringing the gas into liquid contact with the gas flow rising from the side.

However, the liquid dripped onto the filling material 6 of this rectifier is no longer supplied when the operation of the absorption chiller stops, and the liquid that had wetted the filling material 6 is also flowed down or absorbed, and the filling material 6 becomes dry. Since the rectification function of dry filling material is small, if you start operating the absorption chiller as it is, the performance of the rectifier will remain low for some time, causing the rectifier to become larger. was.

In addition, at the start of operation, this type of absorption chiller circulates the refrigerant and absorbent obtained by heating the absorption liquid with a low refrigerant concentration present in the generator, and shifts to steady operation. Unless the liquid temperature becomes considerably high, convection of the absorbing liquid or generation of refrigerant will not occur sufficiently. In particular, the solution near the heater 7 of the generator will be exposed to high temperature conditions, and if an organic refrigerant-absorbent is used. In the case of conventional absorption chillers, there were disadvantages such as denaturation of the liquid.

(c) Purpose of the Invention The present invention, which was created in view of the above points, aims to improve the rectification function of a rectifier during the transition from the start of operation of an absorption chiller to steady operation, and to quickly return to steady operation. This enabled a smooth transition.

(d) Structure of the Invention The absorption chiller of the present invention has a rectifier above the generator, and in this rectifier, liquid droplets flowing down inside the container and a gas flow rising inside the container are mixed. While storing the filler that promotes contact, the cold soot from the condenser's cold soot reservoir passes through the pump to the upper part of the rectifier, and when the absorption cooler is started, the cold soot flows and absorbs the filler in the rectifier. Providing a cold soot flow path that is moistened with cold soot to ensure the wet state of the filler at the start of operation of the absorption chiller, or
The structure is designed to increase the refrigerant concentration of the refrigerant-absorbent in the generator.

(e) Examples The present invention will be explained below based on the drawings. 1 is a generator which has a heater 7 such as a burner on the lower side as in FIG. 1, and separates the refrigerant from the absorption liquid by heating and boiling the absorption liquid in the vessel with this heater 7, and 3 is this generator. The rectifier is installed above the generator 1 and separates absorbent components that are mixed into the heated and rising refrigerant stream in the generator 1. Reference numeral 4 denotes a dephlegmator which cools the gas flow flowing in through the rectifier 3 in a heat exchanger 8 for final separation of absorbent components, and the liquid separated in the dephlegmator 4 is sent to a liquid spargeer. 5 and is sprayed from above the rectifier 3 to be used as part of the gas-liquid contact liquid for separating the refrigerant and absorbent.

2 is a condenser that cools and liquefies the gaseous refrigerant that flows in through the demultiplexer 4; 9 is a condenser that cools and liquefies the gaseous refrigerant that flows in through the condenser 4; The evaporator 12 that provides heat is an absorber that absorbs the refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporator 9 with an absorbent. ,
It is refluxed to the generator 1 via the rectifier 3.

15 is a heat exchanger that dissipates the heat generated when the absorption liquid absorbs refrigerant in the absorber 12; 16 is a concentrated absorption liquid pipe that returns the absorption liquid with a high refrigerant concentration from the absorber 12 to the generator 1; , 17 and 18 are on-off valves arranged across the absorption liquid pump 13 in this concentrated absorption liquid pipe, and 19 is a connection valve from the generator 1 to the absorber 12.
Absorption liquid pipes 20 and 21 for sending the diluted absorption liquid to the absorption liquid pipe 19 are an on-off valve and a pressure reducing device arranged in this absorption liquid pipe 19. Further, 22 and 23 are refrigerant liquid pipes for supplying the refrigerant liquid in the condenser 2 to the rectifier 3, and the refrigerant liquid pipe 2
2 is connected to the absorption liquid pipe 16 on the suction side of the absorption liquid pump 13 via an on-off valve 24, and the refrigerant liquid pipe 23 has an on-off valve 25 and one end is connected to the discharge side of the absorption liquid pump 13.
The other end is connected above the rectifier 3, for example to the demultiplexer 4. In addition, the on-off valves 17, 18, 20, 24,
25 is preferably a solenoid valve.

In an absorption chiller having such a circulation cycle of refrigerant and absorbent, when the evaporator 9 is on the load side, the air passing through the heat exchanger 11 is cooled by being deprived of the latent heat generated when the refrigerant vaporizes. When connecting the air conditioner that sends cold air to the load, or the liquid flowing through the heat exchangers 26 and 15 of the condenser 2 and absorber 12 to the load side,
It can be used as a water heater or space heater that supplies heat obtained from the evaporator 9 to a load, and in each operating state, valves 24 and 25 are closed and valves 17, 18, and 20 are opened. in normal operating condition.

Therefore, when the absorption chiller is started up before reaching the normal operating state, valves 17, 18, and 20 are closed, and valve 2 is closed.
When the absorption liquid pump 13 is operated with 4 and 25 open, the refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant reservoir 27 of the condenser passes through the on-off valves 24 and 25 and the refrigerant pipes 22 and 23 to the upper part of the filling material 6 of the rectifier. A large amount of water is poured in a short period of time, and the filling material 6 can be completely wetted once. If the filling material 6 is completely wetted in this way, the liquid temperature in the generator 1 will not rise sufficiently and the amount of gas to be vaporized will be small, so that the filling material 6 from the dephlegmator 4 to the rectifier will not rise sufficiently.
Even when the amount of liquid sprayed is small, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon where the liquid flows down while wetting only a part of the filler, and when the amount of liquid flowing down from the decentralizer 4 is small, such as during startup However, it is possible to maintain the function of the rectifier close to that of a rectifier under steady operating conditions.

A specific example of this operation will be explained according to the diagram. When the heater 7 starts heating the absorption liquid, or when the heating starts and gaseous gas starts to be generated, the on-off valves 24 and 25 are opened. When the on-off valve 18 is closed and the absorption liquid pump 13 starts operating, the refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant reservoir 27 is sprayed from above the filler 6 via the dephlegmator 4 and the liquid sprayer 5, and the filler 6 becomes a refrigerant. Wet the liquid.

Next, the absorption liquid pump 13 is stopped, and the valves 24 and 25
When the absorption liquid in the generator 1 is closed, the valve 18 is opened, and the absorption liquid in the generator 1 is continued to be heated, the temperature and pressure of the absorption liquid will rise. Pressure sensor 28, 29
The controller 30 controls the opening and closing of the valves using the input from the sensor 28 or 29.
When 20 is opened, the absorption liquid and the refrigerant begin to flow in a normal circulation cycle, and by operating the water pump 31, normal operation is started.

The refrigerant reservoir 27 of the condenser has a structure as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, so that the refrigerant liquid always remains at the end of operation of the absorption refrigerator, and the refrigerant is absorbed by the absorption liquid of the generator 1. In order to prevent this from happening, it is preferable to provide a valve 32 and a trap 33 that operate in conjunction with the on-off valves 24 and 25. In addition, the amount of liquid stored in the refrigerant reservoir 27 is such that when the refrigerant is sprayed on the filler 6, flows down to the generator 1, and mixes with the absorption liquid in the device, the refrigerant concentration of the absorption liquid can be increased by 10 to 15 wt%. In this way, convection of the heated absorption liquid in the generator 1 can be facilitated, local overheating of the absorption liquid at the time of startup can be prevented, and the start-up performance of the machine can be improved.

34 is a wire mesh built into the refrigerant reservoir 27, 35 is a punching plate, trifluoroethanol is used as the refrigerant, and pyrrolidone-based solution is used as the absorbent. Further, as a device for wetting the filler at the time of startup, in addition to the above-mentioned liquid spraying, a refrigerant may be made into a mist and distributed to the filler.

(F) Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, a cold soot passage is provided from the cold soot reservoir of the condenser to the upper part of the rectifier via the pump, and an absorption chiller is installed in this cold soot passage. At startup, cold soot is flowed to completely wet the filling material in the rectifier, which improves the start-up performance of the absorption chiller and also reduces the refrigerant concentration of the absorption liquid in the generator. This can be increased to facilitate liquid convection and reduce overheating of the absorption liquid. Furthermore, by improving the function of the rectifier at startup, it is possible to make the rectifier smaller and to improve its performance.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the general structure of an absorption refrigerator having a rectifier, Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an absorption chiller showing an embodiment of the present invention, and Figs. 3 and 4. FIG. 2 is an enlarged explanatory diagram showing a specific structural example of a refrigerant reservoir. 1... Generator, 2... Condenser, 3... Rectifier,
4... Condenser, 6... Filling material, 13... Absorption liquid pump, 22, 23... Cold soot liquid pipe, 27... Refrigerant reservoir.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A generator that heats the absorption liquid to vaporize the cold soot to obtain a cold soot gas stream, a rectifier that reduces absorbent components mixed in the cold soot gas stream, a condenser that liquefies the cold soot gas, and a machine. An evaporator that obtains heat from an external fluid to vaporize liquid-cooled soot, and an absorber that separates the cold soot in a generator and scatters an absorption liquid with reduced cold soot components to absorb the vaporized cold soot. The generator, condenser, evaporator, absorber, etc. are connected with piping in a confidential manner, and the absorbent at the bottom of the absorber is pumped back to the generator. In an absorption refrigerator that forms a circulation cycle, the rectifier contains a filler that promotes contact between the droplets flowing down in the rectifier and the rising stream, and the cooling of the condenser is An absorption chiller provided with a cold soot flow path that extends from the soot reservoir to the upper part of the rectifier via the pump, and through which cold soot flows when the absorption chiller is started and moistens the filling material of the rectifier with cold soot. .