JPH053047A - Electric double layer battery - Google Patents
Electric double layer batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH053047A JPH053047A JP3027497A JP2749791A JPH053047A JP H053047 A JPH053047 A JP H053047A JP 3027497 A JP3027497 A JP 3027497A JP 2749791 A JP2749791 A JP 2749791A JP H053047 A JPH053047 A JP H053047A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- electrode
- battery
- double layer
- electric double
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【目的】 蓄電器の性質を有し、１次・２次電池に近い
電気保存能力をもち、永いサイクル寿命をもった電気保
持体を得ること。
【構成】 一対の電極取り出しターミナルを設けた電池
内にカーボン電極を充填し、該カーボン電極間に絶縁膜
を設け、当該カーボン電極を前記電極取り出しターミナ
ルに対応させて二重に区分する形式の電気二重層電池で
あって、前記カーボン電極を、直径１０μ以下の活性炭
粉末を圧着して固型化したものを核とし、この核の外殻
材として、電解液と誘電材とをゲル化せしめたもの、ガ
ラス等の誘電粉体に酸又はアルカリの電解液をまぶしゲ
ル化せしめたもの、酸又はアルカリの電解液とガラス等
の誘電粉体とカーボン粉体との混合体とをゲル化したも
の、酸又はアルカリ電解液に該電解液のイオン化を促進
する添加剤を加えた液体をガラス等の誘電粉体にまぶし
ゲル化したものを用いた。
(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To obtain an electric holder that has the characteristics of a storage battery, has an electric storage capacity close to that of primary and secondary batteries, and has a long cycle life. [Structure] An electric battery of a type in which a carbon electrode is filled in a battery provided with a pair of electrode extraction terminals, an insulating film is provided between the carbon electrodes, and the carbon electrode is divided into two parts corresponding to the electrode extraction terminals. A double-layer battery, in which the carbon electrode obtained by pressure-bonding activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less to be solidified is used as a core, and an electrolytic solution and a dielectric material are gelled as an outer shell material of the core. Or a dielectric powder such as glass sprinkled with an acid or alkali electrolyte and gelled, or a mixture of an acid or alkali electrolyte and a mixture of dielectric powder such as glass and carbon powder A liquid obtained by adding an additive to an acid or alkaline electrolyte to the ionization of the electrolyte to a dielectric powder such as glass and gelling the mixture was used.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、絶縁層を介してカーボ
ン電極を相対峙させる形式の電気二重層蓄電器の改良に
関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of an electric double layer electric storage device of a type in which carbon electrodes are opposed to each other via an insulating layer.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に、電気を蓄えるものとして、電池
とキャパシターが知られている。そのうち電池は、二次
電池においてのみ多少電荷の復元をなすことが可能であ
るが、元来一方向性の化学変化による作用なので、例え
ば図４に示すように、その蓄電能力は有限である。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, batteries and capacitors are known to store electricity. Among them, the battery can restore electric charge to some extent only in the secondary battery, but since it is an action due to unidirectional chemical change, its storage capacity is limited as shown in FIG. 4, for example.
【０００３】他方、キャパシターは、電気的時定数を整
えることを元来目的としており、例えば図５に見るよう
に、極めて短時間に充・放電を完了し、且つこれを繰り
返すものとして知られている。On the other hand, the capacitor is originally intended to adjust the electric time constant, and as shown in, for example, FIG. 5, it is known that charging / discharging is completed in an extremely short time and this is repeated. There is.
【０００４】この両者の特性を兼ね備えているものが電
気二重層蓄電器で、例えば米国特許第３５３６９６３号
公報に記載されている。An electric double layer capacitor having both of these characteristics is described in, for example, US Pat. No. 3,536,963.
【０００５】なお、我が国では、シリコン単結晶・多結
晶・非結晶（アモルファス）のＰ−Ｎ接合ウエーハを太
陽電池と称しているが、これは前述した本来的な電池で
はなく、ソーラーセル、或いはソーラーボルタイックセ
ルといった所謂起電体であり、電圧を発生する能力はあ
るが、そこに生じた電荷を蓄えておく能力はない。In Japan, a silicon single crystal / polycrystalline / amorphous P-N junction wafer is called a solar cell, but this is not the original battery described above, but a solar cell or It is a so-called electromotive body such as a solar voltaic cell and has the ability to generate a voltage, but it does not have the ability to store electric charges generated therein.
【０００６】さて、前記電気二重層蓄電器は、図６及び
図７に示すように、一対の電極取り出しターミナル１，
１間に、絶縁膜２を挟んでカーボン電極３，３を充填し
て構成されており、上記絶縁膜２によって、カーボン電
極３，３が二重に区分された二重層となされている。図
６において、４，４はゴム、５，５は端子、７，７はゲ
ル化域である。上記電気二重層蓄電器には、電離性のよ
い（抵抗の低い）酸、例えば硫酸や、アルカリ、例えば
アンモニウム塩のプロピレングリコール液等の電解液が
用いられていて、当該電解液をカーボン電極に浸透させ
て一極が構成されている。また、絶縁膜としては、マイ
ラーのような小粒イオンのみが通過可能な薄膜が用いら
れている。Now, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the electric double layer capacitor has a pair of electrode lead-out terminals 1, 1.
The carbon electrodes 3, 3 are filled with the insulating film 2 sandwiched between them, and the insulating film 2 forms a double layer in which the carbon electrodes 3, 3 are divided into two parts. In FIG. 6, 4 and 4 are rubbers, 5 and 5 are terminals, and 7 and 7 are gel areas. In the electric double layer capacitor, an electrolytic solution having good ionization property (low resistance) such as sulfuric acid or an alkali such as propylene glycol solution of ammonium salt is used, and the electrolytic solution permeates the carbon electrode. Let's make one pole. As the insulating film, a thin film such as Mylar that allows only small-sized ions to pass therethrough is used.
【０００７】そして、両電極に外部から電圧をかける
と、電解液に希硫酸を用いたものでは、図８に示すよう
な化学変化を生じる。すなわち、Ｈ2Ｏ＋Ｈ2ＳＯ4→Ｈ+
＋Ｈ2Ｏ＋ＨＳＯ4 -となって水素イオンを生じ、この水
素イオンの一部が中央の膜を通り抜けてマイナス側（図
の左側）へ移動する。つまり、大容量蓄電器と、化学変
化による＋−イオンの発生・移動による電圧発生とが共
存する。そこでこの現象を電気二重層と指称している。When a voltage is applied to both electrodes from the outside, a chemical change as shown in FIG. 8 occurs in the case of using dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolytic solution. That is, H 2 O + H 2 SO 4 → H +
+ H 2 O + HSO 4 − is generated to generate hydrogen ions, and some of these hydrogen ions pass through the central film and move to the minus side (left side in the figure). That is, a large-capacity capacitor and voltage generation due to generation / movement of + − ions due to chemical change coexist. Therefore, this phenomenon is called an electric double layer.
【０００８】上記電気二重層蓄電器には、従来、上述の
ように電極としてカーボンが用いられている。これは、
カーボンが、比重が軽い、導電性がよい、化学的
に侵されにくい、酸化されにくい、細かい球形を作
りやすい等、多くの利点を有しているためである。Carbon has been conventionally used as an electrode in the electric double layer capacitor as described above. this is,
This is because carbon has many advantages such as low specific gravity, good conductivity, less chemical attack, less oxidation, and easy formation of fine spheres.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし上記カーボン電
極を用いた従来の電気二重層蓄電器は、ペースト状の炭
素（カーボンペースト）で電極を構成しているので、大
きな容量が得られないという欠点がある。つまり、従来
の電気二重層蓄電器は所謂キャパシターであって、蓄電
体ではない。更に、キャパシターの生命である電圧の立
ち上りが悪く、且つ誘電率も悪いので、実際は実用性に
乏しく、高いパワーを採ることは無論不可能であった。However, the conventional electric double layer capacitor using the above-mentioned carbon electrode has a drawback that a large capacity cannot be obtained because the electrode is made of paste-like carbon (carbon paste). is there. That is, the conventional electric double layer battery is a so-called capacitor, not a battery. Furthermore, since the rise of voltage, which is the life of the capacitor, is poor and the dielectric constant is also poor, it is practically poor and it is impossible to obtain high power.
【００１０】また、従来の電気二重層蓄電器では、その
電極取り出しターミナルに、銅、アルミニウム、スズ、
チタン、ニッケル、クロム、タングステン、コバルト、
或いはこれらの合金が用いられているが、上述のよう
に、ペースト状の炭素で電極を構成しているので、カー
ボン電極と電極取り出しターミナルとの接触抵抗が大き
く、したがって電気二重層蓄電器から大電流を発生せし
めようとする場合は、この部位において発熱する等、エ
ネルギーのロスを生じ、結局、従来のものでは大電流が
得られないし、これだけ実施しても尚難点がある。その
難点としては、電池に於ける電解液のリーク現象と、起
電反応を促進せしめる促進剤の添加を要することがあげ
られる。Further, in the conventional electric double layer capacitor, copper, aluminum, tin,
Titanium, nickel, chromium, tungsten, cobalt,
Alternatively, these alloys are used, but as described above, since the electrode is made of paste-like carbon, the contact resistance between the carbon electrode and the electrode take-out terminal is large, so that a large current from the electric double layer capacitor is generated. In the case of attempting to generate the above, energy loss occurs, for example, heat is generated at this portion, and eventually a large current cannot be obtained with the conventional one, and even if only this is carried out, there is still a problem. The disadvantages are the leakage phenomenon of the electrolytic solution in the battery and the addition of a promoter that accelerates the electromotive reaction.
【００１１】本発明は、前記事情に鑑みてなされたもの
で、この種の電気二重層蓄電器を改良して、キャパシタ
ーとしてでなく、蓄電池（二次電池）として用いる電気
二重層電池を提供すべくなされた。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to improve an electric double layer battery of this kind to provide an electric double layer battery used not as a capacitor but as a storage battery (secondary battery). Made
【００１２】[0012]
【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち、本願は一対の
電極取り出しターミナルを設けた電池内にカーボン電極
を充填し、該カーボン電極間に絶縁膜を設け、当該カー
ボン電極を前記電極取り出しターミナルに対応させて二
重に区分する形式の電気二重層電池であって、前記カー
ボン電極を、直径１０μ以下の活性炭粉末を圧着して固
型化したものを核とし、電解液と誘電材とをゲル化せし
めたものを前記核の外殻材とした電気二重層電池を第１
の発明とし、一対の電極取り出しターミナルを設けた電
池内にカーボン電極を充填し、該カーボン電極間に絶縁
膜を設け、当該カーボン電極を前記電極取り出しターミ
ナルに対応させて二重に区分する形式の電気二重層電池
であって、前記カーボン電極を、直径１０μ以下の活性
炭粉末を固型化したものを核とし、ガラス等の誘電粉体
に酸又はアルカリの電解液をまぶしゲル化せしめたもの
を前記核の外殻材とした電気二重層電池を第２の発明と
し、一対の電極取り出しターミナルを設けた電池内にカ
ーボン電極を充填し、該カーボン電極間に絶縁膜を設
け、当該カーボン電極を前記電極取り出しターミナルに
対応させて二重に区分する形式の電気二重層電池であっ
て、前記カーボン電極を、直径１０μ以下の活性炭粉末
を固型化したものを核とし、酸又はアルカリの電解液と
ガラス等の誘電粉体とカーボン粉体との混合体とをゲル
化し、前記核の外殻材とした電気二重層電池を第３の発
明とし、更に、一対の電極取り出しターミナルを設けた
電池内にカーボン電極を充填し、該カーボン電極間に絶
縁膜を設け、当該カーボン電極を前記電極取り出しター
ミナルに対応させて二重に区分する形式の電気二重層電
池であって、前記カーボン電極を、直径１０μ以下の活
性炭粉末を固型化したものを核とし、酸又はアルカリ電
解液に該電解液のイオン化を促進する添加剤を加えた液
体をガラス等の誘電粉体にまぶしゲル化したものを前記
核の外殻材とした電気二重層電池を第４の発明とするも
のである。[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present application is to fill a carbon electrode in a battery provided with a pair of electrode extraction terminals, provide an insulating film between the carbon electrodes, and make the carbon electrode correspond to the electrode extraction terminals. An electric double layer battery of the type in which the carbon electrode is solidified by pressure-bonding activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μ or less as a core, and the electrolytic solution and the dielectric material are gelled. The first is an electric double layer battery in which the outer shell material of the nucleus is used.
According to the invention, a battery having a pair of electrode extraction terminals is filled with carbon electrodes, an insulating film is provided between the carbon electrodes, and the carbon electrodes are divided into two parts corresponding to the electrode extraction terminals. An electric double layer battery, wherein the carbon electrode is formed by solidifying activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less as a core, and a dielectric powder such as glass is sprinkled with an acid or alkali electrolytic solution to form a gel. An electric double layer battery using the outer shell material of the nucleus is defined as a second invention, a carbon electrode is filled in a battery provided with a pair of electrode extraction terminals, an insulating film is provided between the carbon electrodes, and the carbon electrode is What is claimed is: 1. An electric double layer battery of a type which is divided into two parts corresponding to the electrode extraction terminals, wherein the carbon electrode is formed by solidifying activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less. An electric double layer battery, which is obtained by gelling a mixture of an acid or alkali electrolyte and a dielectric powder such as glass and a carbon powder, and using the outer shell material of the nucleus as the third invention. An electric double layer battery of a type in which a carbon electrode is filled in a battery provided with an electrode extraction terminal, an insulating film is provided between the carbon electrodes, and the carbon electrode is divided into two parts corresponding to the electrode extraction terminal. The carbon electrode is formed by solidifying activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less as a core, and a liquid obtained by adding an additive that promotes ionization of the electrolytic solution to an acid or alkaline electrolytic solution is a dielectric powder such as glass. A fourth aspect of the present invention is an electric double layer battery in which a gel-coated body is used as an outer shell material for the core.
【００１３】[0013]
【作用・効果】本発明は、直径１０μ以下の活性炭粉末
を圧着して固型化し、これに電解液を浸透せしめてカー
ボン電極を構成したので、多孔質の活性炭があたかもコ
ークスや軽石のようになってこれが電極として形成さ
れ、したがって、第１に、実質面積が大きく採れるの
で、これに伴い容量が電極面積に比例して増大する。細
かい活性炭の表面積は６００〜２０００ｍ2／ｇにもな
り、これはカーボンペースト状電極をもつ従来の電気二
重層蓄電器の数十倍から数百倍にも増大し、更に内部抵
抗を百分の１以下に下げることが可能となる。[Operation / Effect] In the present invention, the activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less is pressure-bonded to be solidified, and the electrolytic solution is permeated into the carbon electrode to form the carbon electrode. As a result, this is formed as an electrode. Therefore, firstly, since the substantial area can be taken large, the capacity increases in proportion to the electrode area. The surface area of fine activated carbon is as high as 600 to 2000 m 2 / g, which is several tens to several hundreds of times that of the conventional electric double layer capacitor having a carbon paste-like electrode, and the internal resistance is 1/100. It will be possible to lower it below.
【００１４】第２に、電極を固型化することにより、電
気保持体自体の大型化が可能となる。すなわち、従来の
ペースト状電極の場合は、固型電極としての機能に必要
なカーボンの密度を確保するためには、およそ１０〜１
００ｋｇ／ｃｍ2の荷重を電極に掛けなければならない
ため、大型化、大電力化には問題があったが、本発明に
よれば、これを解決することができる。Secondly, by solidifying the electrodes, the size of the electric holder itself can be increased. That is, in the case of a conventional pasty electrode, in order to secure the density of carbon required for the function as a solid electrode, approximately 10 to 1 is required.
Since a load of 00 kg / cm 2 has to be applied to the electrodes, there are problems in increasing the size and increasing the power, but the present invention can solve this problem.
【００１５】第３に、電極の固型化と相俟て、電解液の
リークを除去し且つ必要に応じてイオン化促進剤を添加
した前記固型化された核電極の周囲に電解液をゲル化し
た外周材を備えたところ、極めて電気的に安定なかつ、
数千ファラッドにも及ぶ大容量をもつ電池を得ることが
出来た。Thirdly, in combination with the solidification of the electrode, the electrolyte solution is gelled around the solidified core electrode which removes the leakage of the electrolyte solution and to which an ionization accelerator is added if necessary. When equipped with a modified outer peripheral material, it is extremely electrically stable and
We were able to obtain a battery with a large capacity of several thousand farads.
【００１６】[0016]
【実施例】図１は、本発明を実施した電気二重層電池を
示す図で、従来の電気二重層蓄電器と同様に、一対の電
極取り出しターミナル１，１間に、絶縁膜２を挟んでカ
ーボン電極３，３を充填して構成されるものであり、こ
の絶縁膜２によって、カーボン電極３，３が二重に区分
されて二重層に形成されている。なお、４，４はゴムで
ある。EXAMPLE FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an electric double layer battery embodying the present invention. As with a conventional electric double layer battery, a carbon film with an insulating film 2 sandwiched between a pair of electrode lead-out terminals 1 and 1 is used. It is configured by filling the electrodes 3 and 3. The insulating film 2 divides the carbon electrodes 3 and 3 into double layers to form a double layer. Incidentally, 4 and 4 are rubbers.
【００１７】そして、絶縁膜２は、前述のように、マイ
ラーのような小粒イオンのみが通過可能な薄膜を用い、
電解液としては希硫酸を使用している。As described above, the insulating film 2 is a thin film such as Mylar which allows only small-sized ions to pass through.
Dilute sulfuric acid is used as the electrolytic solution.
【００１８】カーボン電極３，３は、直径１０μ以下の
直径を有する球状活性炭粉末に圧力を掛けて（圧着し
て）固型化した（固体とした）ものに電解液を浸透せし
めて構成され、実施例では、縦６０ｍｍ、横４０ｍｍ、
厚さ８ｍｍの多孔質の活性炭電極となされている。The carbon electrodes 3 and 3 are formed by impregnating a spherical activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less with pressure (compressing) to solidify (solidify) the electrolyte solution. In the example, length 60 mm, width 40 mm,
It is a porous activated carbon electrode having a thickness of 8 mm.
【００１９】また、固体化された活性炭塊をとりまくよ
うに１０μ程度以下の直径を有する球状ガラス体、或い
はプラスチック体等の誘電体に電解液をまぶした外殻体
を前記活性炭塊と密着するごとく備えた電極を構成する
ものである。この外殻体には必要に応じ核と同質のカー
ボン粉体を入れたり、電池活性剤として亜鉛、カドミウ
ム、リチウム、白金、ロジウム等を加えて電解液の分離
（希硫酸に於てはＨ+とＨＳＯ4 -のイオン化）を促進す
る剤・材を添加すれば尚効果的である。In addition, a spherical glass body having a diameter of about 10 μm or less so as to surround the solidified activated carbon mass, or an outer shell formed by sprinkling an electrolytic solution on a dielectric such as a plastic body is adhered to the activated carbon mass. It constitutes an electrode provided. If necessary, carbon powder of the same quality as the core is added to this outer shell, or zinc, cadmium, lithium, platinum, rhodium, etc. are added as battery activators to separate the electrolytic solution (in dilute sulfuric acid, H + It is still effective to add agents and materials that accelerate the ionization of HSO 4 − and HSO 4 − .
【００２０】６は電極棒で、前記電極取り出しターミナ
ル１，１同様炭素又は炭素と第IV族金属との複合体から
なるものである。この実施例では、電極棒６の全部が炭
素と第IV族金属との複合体で形成されている。そして、
この電極棒６は、前記電極取り出しターミナルを挿通し
て、カーボン電極３，３に取り付けられている。実施例
では、カーボン電極３，３にねじ穴をあけ、他方、電極
棒６の端部にねじ切りをなし、この電極棒６をカーボン
電極３に螺着して取り付けている。電極棒６は、前述の
ように炭素のみで形成してよいが、これに第IV族金属を
用いて複合体とした場合は、縦方向のみならず、横方向
からの圧力に対し一層の剛性を付与することができる。Reference numeral 6 denotes an electrode rod, which is made of carbon or a composite of carbon and a Group IV metal, like the electrode take-out terminals 1 and 1. In this embodiment, the entire electrode rod 6 is formed of a composite of carbon and a Group IV metal. And
The electrode rod 6 is attached to the carbon electrodes 3 and 3 through the electrode lead-out terminal. In the embodiment, the carbon electrodes 3 and 3 are provided with screw holes, on the other hand, the ends of the electrode rod 6 are threaded, and the electrode rod 6 is screwed and attached to the carbon electrode 3. The electrode rod 6 may be made of only carbon as described above, but when a group IV metal is used as a composite, the electrode rod 6 is more rigid not only in the longitudinal direction but also in the lateral direction. Can be given.
【００２１】更に本実施例に於ては、図６で７，７とし
て示す電極を用いている。すなわち、カーボン電極３の
まわりに、１μ程度のガラス粉末５０％と０．７μ程度
のカーボン粉体５０％との混合体に希硫酸をまぶし、ゲ
ル化した外殻材を圧着した厚さ約１．５ｍｍの電極７，
７を構成しアルミ管の中に納めた。この場合、例えば亜
鉛粉末を少量加えてイオン化を促進してやれば更に効果
があがることが予想される。Further, in this embodiment, the electrodes shown as 7 and 7 in FIG. 6 are used. That is, a mixture of glass powder 50% of about 1 μm and carbon powder 50% of about 0.7 μm was sprinkled with dilute sulfuric acid around the carbon electrode 3 and a gelled outer shell material was pressure-bonded to a thickness of about 1 μm. 0.5 mm electrode 7,
I made 7 and put it in an aluminum tube. In this case, it is expected that the effect will be further enhanced by adding a small amount of zinc powder to promote ionization.
【００２２】この実施例に示す本発明の電気二重層電池
において、１．５Ｖの電圧を両電極に与えたとき、極め
て大きな容量（この例では４０００ファラッド）の電気
が蓄えられたことを確認した。In the electric double layer battery of the present invention shown in this example, it was confirmed that when a voltage of 1.5 V was applied to both electrodes, an extremely large capacity (4000 farads in this example) of electricity was stored. .
【００２３】更に、この実施例の構造の場合、図２に示
す電圧・時間の特性が得られ、実際には６Ｖ、７００ｍ
Ａの負荷を４時間持続稼働せしめ得る電池を構成するに
至った。Further, in the case of the structure of this embodiment, the characteristics of voltage and time shown in FIG. 2 are obtained, and actually, 6V, 700m.
The present inventors have constructed a battery capable of continuously operating the load of A for 4 hours.
【００２４】本発明は、直径１０μ以下の活性炭粉末を
圧着して固型化し、これに電解液を浸透せしめてカーボ
ン電極を構成したので、多孔質の活性炭があたかもコー
クスや軽石のようになってこれが電極として形成され、
したがって、実質面積が大きく採れるので、これに伴い
蓄電器の容量が電極面積に比例して増大し、細かい活性
炭の表面積は６００〜２０００ｍ2／ｇにもなり、これ
はカーボンペースト状電極をもつ従来の電気二重層蓄電
器の数十倍から数百倍にも増大し、更に内部抵抗を百分
の１以下に下げることが可能となる。In the present invention, the activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less is pressure-bonded and solidified, and the electrolytic solution is permeated into the carbon electrode to form the carbon electrode. Therefore, the porous activated carbon becomes like coke or pumice. This is formed as an electrode,
Therefore, since the substantial area can be taken large, the capacity of the capacitor increases in proportion to the electrode area, and the surface area of fine activated carbon reaches 600 to 2000 m 2 / g, which is the same as that of the conventional carbon paste electrode. The electric resistance can be increased from several tens of times to several hundreds of times that of the electric double layer capacitor, and the internal resistance can be reduced to one hundredth or less.
【００２５】また、電極を固型化することにより、電気
保持体自体の大型化が可能となる。すなわち、従来のペ
ースト状電極の場合は、固型電極としての機能に必要な
カーボンの密度を確保するためには、およそ１０〜１０
０ｋｇ／ｃｍ2の荷重を電極に掛けなければならないた
め、大型化、大電力化には問題があったが、本発明によ
れば、これを解決することができ、したがって、リーク
の極めて少ない且つ安定な供給電流を負荷に与え得る電
池が得られる。By solidifying the electrodes, it is possible to increase the size of the electric holder itself. That is, in the case of the conventional pasty electrode, in order to secure the density of carbon required for the function as a solid electrode, approximately 10 to 10 is required.
Since a load of 0 kg / cm 2 has to be applied to the electrodes, there is a problem in increasing the size and increasing the power consumption. However, according to the present invention, this can be solved, and therefore the leakage is extremely small and A battery that can provide a stable supply current to the load is obtained.
【００２６】前述のように、６Ｖ、７００ｍＡの負荷を
４時間持続稼働せしめ得る電池を構成する本発明は、今
迄のマイコンのバックアップ電源等に用いられた電気二
重層蓄電器とはその趣が全く異なり、機械系の駆動電源
等の大電力機器に用いることが可能となる。もっとも、
本発明の電気二重層電池の場合は、電圧を上げるため
に、これをシリーズに接続するとその容量は減少する。
例えば、電気二重層電池一組のもつ起電力が１．２Ｖ、
内部抵抗４００ｍΩ、容量４０００Ｆとすると、出力６
Ｖ、３Ａの電池を得るには５組シリーズに接続すればよ
く、この場合、容量は８００Ｆとなる。ところで、６
Ｖ、３Ａの電池を得る場合、第１次電池１個で構成する
のは難しいし、第２次電池で構成する場合も自動車バッ
テリーのように大型で重いものとならざるを得ない。こ
れを軽量に済ませ得るものとして太陽電池セルがある。As described above, the present invention, which constitutes a battery capable of continuously operating a load of 6 V and 700 mA for 4 hours, is completely different from the electric double layer electric storage device used as a backup power source for microcomputers up to now. Differently, it can be used for high power equipment such as a drive power source of a mechanical system. However,
In the case of the electric double layer battery of the present invention, when it is connected in series to increase the voltage, its capacity decreases.
For example, the electromotive force of a set of electric double layer batteries is 1.2V,
If the internal resistance is 400mΩ and the capacity is 4000F, output 6
To obtain V and 3A batteries, it is sufficient to connect them in a series of 5 sets, and in this case, the capacity is 800F. By the way, 6
When obtaining V and 3A batteries, it is difficult to construct a single primary battery, and when it is constructed with a secondary battery, it must be large and heavy like an automobile battery. There is a solar cell that can reduce the weight.
【００２７】すなわち、地球上、南北各緯度７５度内の
太陽エネルギーの平均は、１０００Ｗ（１ｋＷ）／ｍ2
であり、昨今、ソーラーセル起電体の変換効率は単結晶
ウエーハで１８〜２０％、多結晶ウエーハで１５〜１８
％、アモルファスウエーハで６〜９％となっている。
今、多結晶ウエーハで１５％のものを例にとってみる
と、１５０Ｗ／ｍ2となる。ソーラーセルを、１０ｃｍ
×１０ｃｍのウエーハを１単位とすると、１単位あたり
１．５Ｗの電力が得られる。実測では、この１０ｃｍ×
１０ｃｍのウエーハからの発生電力は０．５Ｖであるの
で、電流は最大３Ａのものが得られる。この１０ｃｍ角
のソーラーセルを例えば１２枚直列に並べると、６Ｖ、
３Ａという大きなエネルギーが生じる。このようなエネ
ルギーに対応し、このエネルギーを保持する有機体は、
本発明に係る電気二重層電池が最適となる。しかもこの
電池は、従来の蓄電池や乾電池と異なり、永久保持型
で、太陽の存在する間は使用できるものである。これを
示したものが図３で、図中、Ｖｍｉｎは最小稼働電圧を
表わすものである。That is, on the earth, the average of solar energy within each latitude of 75 degrees north and south is 1000 W (1 kW) / m 2
Recently, the conversion efficiency of the solar cell electromotive body is 18 to 20% for a single crystal wafer and 15 to 18 for a polycrystalline wafer.
% And 6 to 9% for an amorphous wafer.
Now, taking a polycrystalline wafer of 15% as an example, it is 150 W / m 2 . 10 cm solar cell
Assuming that a wafer of x10 cm is one unit, 1.5 W of electric power can be obtained per unit. In actual measurement, this 10 cm ×
Since the power generated from a 10 cm wafer is 0.5 V, a maximum current of 3 A can be obtained. For example, when 12 solar cells of 10 cm square are arranged in series, 6 V,
Large energy of 3A is generated. An organism that responds to such energy and retains this energy is
The electric double layer battery according to the present invention is optimal. Moreover, unlike conventional storage batteries and dry batteries, this battery is a permanent storage type and can be used while the sun is present. This is shown in FIG. 3, where Vmin represents the minimum operating voltage.
【００２８】このように、本発明の電気二重層電池は、
蓄電器の性質を有するとともに、限りなく１次・２次電
池に近い電気保存能力をもち、しかも永いサイクル寿命
をもった極めてクリーンな電気保持体である。As described above, the electric double layer battery of the present invention is
It is an extremely clean electrical holder that has the characteristics of a battery, has an electrical storage capacity that is as close as possible to primary and secondary batteries, and has a long cycle life.
【図１】本発明を実施した電気二重層電池を示す図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an electric double layer battery embodying the present invention.
【図２】本発明に係る電気二重層電池の電圧・時間の特
性図である。FIG. 2 is a voltage / time characteristic diagram of the electric double layer battery according to the present invention.
【図３】太陽電池の永久繰り返し使用を示す電圧・時間
の関連図である。FIG. 3 is a voltage / time relationship diagram showing permanent repeated use of a solar cell.
【図４】第１次・第２次電池の電圧・時間の関連図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a relational diagram of voltage / time of primary and secondary batteries.
【図５】一般キャパシターの電圧・時間の関連図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a voltage / time relationship diagram of a general capacitor.
【図６】従来の電気二重層蓄電器を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a conventional electric double layer battery.
【図７】同上の電気的構成図である。FIG. 7 is an electrical configuration diagram of the above.
【図８】同上の化学変化を示す図である。FIG. 8 is a view showing a chemical change in the above.
１ 電極取り出しターミナル ２ 絶縁膜 ３ カーボン電極 ６ 電極棒 1 Electrode take-out terminal 2 insulating film 3 carbon electrodes 6 electrode rod
Claims (4)
電池内にカーボン電極を充填し、該カーボン電極間に絶
縁膜を設け、当該カーボン電極を前記電極取り出しター
ミナルに対応させて二重に区分する形式の電気二重層電
池であって、前記カーボン電極を、直径１０μ以下の活
性炭粉末を圧着して固型化したものを核とし、電解液と
誘電材とをゲル化せしめたものを前記核の外殻材とした
ことを特徴とする電気二重層電池。1. A form in which a carbon electrode is filled in a battery provided with a pair of electrode extraction terminals, an insulating film is provided between the carbon electrodes, and the carbon electrode is divided into two parts corresponding to the electrode extraction terminals. Of the electric double layer battery, wherein the carbon electrode has a core formed by pressure-bonding activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less and solidified, and a gelled electrolytic solution and a dielectric material are provided outside the core. An electric double layer battery characterized by using a shell material.
電池内にカーボン電極を充填し、該カーボン電極間に絶
縁膜を設け、当該カーボン電極を前記電極取り出しター
ミナルに対応させて二重に区分する形式の電気二重層電
池であって、前記カーボン電極を、直径１０μ以下の活
性炭粉末を固型化したものを核とし、ガラス等の誘電粉
体に酸又はアルカリの電解液をまぶしゲル化せしめたも
のを前記核の外殻材としたことを特徴とする電気二重層
電池。2. A type in which a carbon electrode is filled in a battery provided with a pair of electrode extraction terminals, an insulating film is provided between the carbon electrodes, and the carbon electrode is divided into two parts corresponding to the electrode extraction terminals. Electric double layer battery, wherein the carbon electrode is formed by solidifying activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μ or less as a core, and a dielectric powder such as glass is sprinkled with an electrolytic solution of acid or alkali to be gelled. Is an outer shell material for the core.
電池内にカーボン電極を充填し、該カーボン電極間に絶
縁膜を設け、当該カーボン電極を前記電極取り出しター
ミナルに対応させて二重に区分する形式の電気二重層電
池であって、前記カーボン電極を、直径１０μ以下の活
性炭粉末を固型化したものを核とし、酸又はアルカリの
電解液とガラス等の誘電粉体とカーボン粉体との混合体
とをゲル化し、前記核の外殻材としたことを特徴とする
電気二重層電池。3. A form in which a carbon electrode is filled in a battery provided with a pair of electrode extraction terminals, an insulating film is provided between the carbon electrodes, and the carbon electrode is divided into two parts corresponding to the electrode extraction terminals. The electric double layer battery according to claim 1, wherein the carbon electrode is formed by solidifying activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less as a core, and an acid or alkali electrolytic solution is mixed with dielectric powder such as glass and carbon powder. An electric double layer battery characterized in that a gel is formed between the body and the outer shell of the core.
電池内にカーボン電極を充填し、該カーボン電極間に絶
縁膜を設け、当該カーボン電極を前記電極取り出しター
ミナルに対応させて二重に区分する形式の電気二重層電
池であって、前記カーボン電極を、直径１０μ以下の活
性炭粉末を固型化したものを核とし、酸又はアルカリ電
解液に該電解液のイオン化を促進する添加剤を加えた液
体をガラス等の誘電粉体にまぶしゲル化したものを前記
核の外殻材としたことを特徴とする電気二重層電池。4. A form in which a carbon electrode is filled in a battery provided with a pair of electrode extraction terminals, an insulating film is provided between the carbon electrodes, and the carbon electrode is divided into two parts corresponding to the electrode extraction terminals. The electric double layer battery according to claim 1, wherein the carbon electrode has a solidified activated carbon powder having a diameter of 10 μm or less as a core, and an acid or alkaline electrolyte is added with an additive that promotes ionization of the electrolyte. An electric double layer battery characterized in that the outer shell material of the core is formed by sprinkling gel with a dielectric powder such as glass.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3027497A JP3003712B2 (en) | 1991-02-21 | 1991-02-21 | Electric double layer battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3027497A JP3003712B2 (en) | 1991-02-21 | 1991-02-21 | Electric double layer battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH053047A true JPH053047A (en) | 1993-01-08 |
| JP3003712B2 JP3003712B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
Family
ID=12222780
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3027497A Expired - Fee Related JP3003712B2 (en) | 1991-02-21 | 1991-02-21 | Electric double layer battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3003712B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11329500A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-11-30 | Sony Corp | Solid electrolyte battery |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53856A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1978-01-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Wet electrolytic capacitor |
| JPS5797612A (en) * | 1980-12-10 | 1982-06-17 | Nippon Electric Co | Carbon paste electrode |
| JPS58209107A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1983-12-06 | ザ・スタンダ−ド・オイル・カンパニ− | Improved double layer energy storage device |
| JPS60235419A (en) * | 1984-05-08 | 1985-11-22 | エルナ−株式会社 | Electric double layer capacitor |
| JPS63110622A (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1988-05-16 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | polarizable electrode |
| JPS63186414A (en) * | 1987-01-28 | 1988-08-02 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | electric double layer capacitor |
| JPH0214506A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1990-01-18 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Gel-like electrolyte |
-
1991
- 1991-02-21 JP JP3027497A patent/JP3003712B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53856A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1978-01-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Wet electrolytic capacitor |
| JPS5797612A (en) * | 1980-12-10 | 1982-06-17 | Nippon Electric Co | Carbon paste electrode |
| JPS58209107A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1983-12-06 | ザ・スタンダ−ド・オイル・カンパニ− | Improved double layer energy storage device |
| JPS60235419A (en) * | 1984-05-08 | 1985-11-22 | エルナ−株式会社 | Electric double layer capacitor |
| JPS63110622A (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1988-05-16 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | polarizable electrode |
| JPS63186414A (en) * | 1987-01-28 | 1988-08-02 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | electric double layer capacitor |
| JPH0214506A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1990-01-18 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Gel-like electrolyte |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11329500A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-11-30 | Sony Corp | Solid electrolyte battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3003712B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
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