JPH0530995B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] This invention relates to solar thermal power generation that is pollution-free and converts infinite solar energy into electrical energy, and has particularly high operating rate and high efficiency. This relates to power generation equipment.

[Conventional technology]

Figures 6a to 6c show various examples of conventional solar power generation devices, with Figure 6a being a side view and Figures 6b and c.
is a perspective view.

FIG. 6a shows a tower system, in which sunlight 14 reflected by a large number of solar tracking plane mirrors 27 that track incident sunlight 14 is transferred to a tower-top type heat collector 3 at the top of the tower.
The light was focused at zero to generate steam, which turned the turbine generator 5 to generate electricity. Figure 6b shows the gutter-shaped parabolic mirror 2.
A linear heat collecting tube 31 was placed on the focal line of 8 to generate steam and generate electricity in the same manner as above. In FIG. 6c, a high-temperature heat collector 32 is placed at the focal point of a rotating parabolic mirror 29 to collect heat and generate electricity.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, in any of the above-mentioned conventional solar thermal power generation devices, the high temperature water pipe 3 is insulated from the heat collected by the heat collectors 30, 32 or the linear heat collection pipes 31.
3, they are collected in one place and provided for power generation.
In addition, in order to cope with fluctuations in the power generation load, the heat thus collected is stored in an insulated heat storage tank 34 and provided for power generation. Therefore, heat loss during piping and heat storage cannot be ignored, and this causes a major problem in that it lowers the thermal efficiency and operating rate of the plant, making it economically inferior.

This invention was made in order to solve the above problems, and by converting the thermal energy of sunlight into chemical energy, it is possible to generate electricity that can theoretically eliminate heat loss during heat collection and heat storage. The purpose is to obtain equipment.

[Means for solving problems]

A reactive heat collector chemically collects heat using a reversible reaction in which the reactant is a liquid and decomposes into liquid and gas when exposed to sunlight, and the heat generated by the decomposition is supplied from this reactive heat collector. A circulating heat pump consists of a heat generator that generates heat by utilizing a reaction between a liquid and a gas, and a heat generator that heats cold water using the exothermic reaction of a hydrogen storage alloy. A batch-type heat pump that operates alternately to generate high-temperature, high-pressure steam that generates and releases hydrogen by receiving heat from the heat pump, and has a set of steam generators each using a hydrogen storage alloy; It is equipped with a turbine generator that is driven by the steam generated by the generator.

[Effect]

In this invention, a liquid reactant is heated by sunlight and decomposed into a liquid and a gas, which are collected on the heat receiving side and generate heat through a reverse reaction under a catalyst. On the other hand, when hydrogen is occluded, metal hydrides are produced, and the heat of reaction at this time heats cold water to produce high-temperature, high-pressure steam. Thereafter, the metal hydride that has sufficiently absorbed hydrogen is heated by the heat generated by the reverse reaction of the decomposition products of the organic substances, etc.
A set of steam generators alternates between releasing hydrogen and storing hydrogen again, making it possible to heat cold water.

〔Example〕

FIGS. 1a and 1b are schematic system diagrams showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1a shows a daytime driving method, and FIG. 1b shows a nighttime driving method. In these figures, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 6 indicate the same parts, and 1 is a reactive heat collector that collects the sunlight 14 and chemically collects heat using a reversible reaction of organic matter, etc., 2
is a heat generator, and together they form a circulating heat pump. Reference numeral 3 indicates the entire liquid storage tank corresponding to the heat storage tank, and 3A, 3B, and 3C indicate each storage tank that constitutes the liquid storage tank 3. 4 is a steam generator, 6 is a condenser, and 7 is a steam generator in the recovery process, which generates and releases hydrogen H ₂ and supplies hydrogen H ₂ to the steam generator 4.
The steam generators 4 and 7 constitute a batch type heat pump. 8 is a decomposition reactant pipe, 9 is a thermally decomposed substance pipe, 10 is a high pressure steam pipe, 11 is a low pressure steam pipe, 12 is a hydrogen gas pipe, and 13 is a high temperature water pipe.

As shown in Figure 1a, the power generation device of the present invention heats cold water by utilizing the circulating heat pump part that collects sunlight 14 from a wide area and the exothermic reaction of the hydrogen storage alloy. Electricity is generated by a batch-type heat pump equipped with a set of steam generators 4 and 7 that generate and release hydrogen H ₂ by receiving heat from the circulation-type heat pump, and generate high-temperature, high-pressure steam for the recovery process. It is composed of parts.

The former part is exposed to sunlight 14 as shown in Figure 2.
As a result, an endothermic reaction occurs in the organic matter in the reactive heat collector 1, and the organic matter is decomposed by a catalyst (for example, nickel metal). As an example of this organic substance, isopropanol (CH ₃ ) ₂ CHOH is decomposed into acetone CH ₃ COCH ₃ and hydrogen H ₂ .

However, Q _s is the amount of heat added by the sunlight 14.

This is sent to the heat generator 2, where a reverse reaction occurs with a catalyst (nickel metal), generating heat and
Heat.

The perspective view of FIG. 3 specifically shows the part that becomes the circulating heat pump for solar heat collection. In addition, in FIG. 3, 15 is a heat exchanger.

The latter part is a metal occlusion alloy in which metal M such as titanium absorbs hydrogen H ₂ and forms metal hydride MH _o.
Steam is generated using the amount of heat Q generated by the heat of reaction when .

MH _o +Q=M+n/2H ₂ This reaction is extremely fast, and by choosing a metal such as titanium, high temperatures of 500-600°C can be obtained.
The high pressure steam generated here is sent to the turbine generator 5 through the high pressure steam pipe 10 to generate electricity. The low-pressure steam output from the turbine generator 5 passes through the low-pressure steam pipe 11 shown in FIG. 1, passes through the condenser 6, and supplies heat to the steam generator 7 which is in the recovery process. Each steam generator 4, 7 using this metal hydride _MHO is the fifth
As shown in the figure, a large number of steam heating modules are arranged side by side, creating a structure similar to a nuclear reactor and generating steam.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing the shape of the steam generators 4 and 7, where the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 indicate the same parts, and 16
is a heating element and contains a metal M that absorbs hydrogen gas H ₂ and generates heat. Reference numeral 17 denotes cold water that is heated by the heat generated by the heating element 16, and includes a large number of heating elements 1.
6 is immersed. 18 is a hydrogen introduction pipe for supplying and recovering hydrogen gas H ₂ to the heating element 16;
19 is a current plate for uniformly flowing the cold water 17;
20 is a steam reservoir, 21 is an outlet for the cold water 17, 2
2 is a removable upper plate for installing or replacing the large number of heating elements 16 and hydrogen introduction pipes 18; 23 is the water surface of the cold water 17; 24 is a steam generator container that accommodates the cold water 17; , 25 is a heat insulating wall covering the outer periphery of the steam generator container 24, and 26 is a water supply valve.

Once the metal M absorbs hydrogen H ₂ and becomes saturated, it no longer absorbs hydrogen H 2 and generates no heat, so a reverse recovery process is required to release hydrogen H ₂ .

M+n/2H ₂ =MH _o +Q This requires an equal amount of heat, as seen from the reaction equation above. However, the temperature may be low. For this purpose, the insufficient heat is supplied from the heat generator 2, and the hydrogen H ₂ stored in the steam generator 7 is released. This hydrogen H ₂ is immediately sent by a pump to the steam generator 4 in operation.

The steam generator 4 in operation and the steam generator 7 in the recovery process form a set, and the several pairs of steam generators 4 and 7 constitute a power generation device, thereby enabling continuous operation.

In addition, in the heat collecting part, as shown in Figure 1,
By providing storage tanks 3A, 3B, and 3C for storing each reactant separately before the heat generator 2, it is possible to absorb fluctuations in the solar radiation of the sunlight 14, and at the same time, as shown in FIG. 1b, It is also possible to drive at night.

As described above, the power generation device of the present invention not only solves the problems of conventional devices, but also has the following features.

1. It is possible to utilize not only direct solar radiation but also total solar radiation, including scattered solar radiation.

2. A relatively inexpensive fixed condensing type heat collector may be sufficient.

3. Since it is a reactive heat collector, there is no loss in intermediate piping.

4. Because it uses a chemical reaction, heat storage is easy and there is no loss.

5. An organic substance such as a petroleum product (impropanol) can be used as the reactant in the heat collecting section and is inexpensive.

6. The chemical heat pump of the steam generator uses a metal hydrogenation reaction, so the reaction is extremely fast.
Moreover, it only operates to take in and out hydrogen, and there are no mechanically moving parts.

7. By selecting metals such as metallic titanium as hydrides, high temperatures of 500°C to 600°C can be obtained and the efficiency of the plant can be improved.

8 By using several pairs of steam generators, continuous operation of the plant is possible.

9. By operating several pairs of steam generators cyclically, the amount of relatively expensive metal hydride can be reduced without increasing the cost of building the plant.

10 Since it is a completely closed cycle system, there are no chemical pollution problems.

11 Since a chemical heat pump is used, exhaust heat is fully utilized and there is no problem of thermal pollution.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, a reactive heat collector chemically collects heat using a reversible reaction in which the reactant is a liquid and decomposes into liquid and gas when exposed to sunlight.
a circulating heat pump comprising a heat generator that generates heat by utilizing the reaction between the liquid generated by the decomposition and the gas supplied from the reactive heat collector;
It heats cold water using the exothermic reaction of the hydrogen storage alloy, generates and releases hydrogen by receiving heat from the heat generator of the circulating heat pump, and operates alternately to generate high-temperature, high-pressure steam that performs the recovery process. , a batch-type heat pump with a set of steam generators each using a hydrogen storage alloy, and a turbine generator driven by the steam generated by the steam generator, so that the reactant can absorb solar heat. Since it decomposes into liquid and gas when it is decomposed, heat transfer is extremely good, eliminating heat loss during the heat collection process, and making it possible to obtain high-temperature steam through heat pump action. Since the steam generators are operated alternately, it is possible to supply steam continuously, which has the advantage of dramatically increasing the plant's operating rate and achieving high efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1a and 1b are schematic system diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1a is a diagram showing a daytime operation system, Figure 1b is a diagram showing a nighttime operation system, and Figure 2 is a diagram showing a heat collection system. Fig. 3 is a perspective view specifically showing the heat collecting part, Fig. 4 is a principle diagram showing the case where steam is generated by metal hydride in the steam generating part, Fig. Figure 5 is a side sectional view showing a steam generator using metal hydride, Figures 6 a to c show various examples of conventional solar thermal power generation devices, Figure 6 a is a side view, Figure 6 b and c are perspective views. In the figure, 1 is a reactive heat collector, 2 is a heat generator, 3 is a liquid storage tank, 3A, 3B, 3C are storage tanks, 4, 7
is a steam generator, 5 is a turbine generator, 6 is a condenser, 8 is a decomposition reactant pipe, 9 is a thermally decomposed substance pipe, 10 is a high pressure steam pipe, 11 is a low pressure steam pipe,
12 is a hydrogen gas pipe, 13 is a high temperature water pipe, 14 is sunlight, and 17 is cold water.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A reactive heat collector that chemically collects heat using a reversible reaction in which the reactant is a liquid and decomposes into liquid and gas when exposed to sunlight, and the decomposition that is supplied from this reactive heat collector A circulating heat pump consisting of a heat generator that generates heat by using the reaction between the generated liquid and a substrate, and a heat generator of the circulating heat pump that heats cold water using the exothermic reaction of a hydrogen storage alloy. Generates hydrogen by receiving heat from
A batch-type heat pump has a set of steam generators, each using a hydrogen storage alloy, which operates alternately to generate high-temperature, high-pressure steam for the release and recovery process; What is claimed is: 1. A power generation device comprising: a turbine generator;