JPH0533081B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(3-1) Industrial application field The present invention relates to a treatment method for rapidly clarifying polluted water. ) containing fine powder of igneous rocks (hereinafter simply referred to as "silicon rocks, etc."), and floating rock sedimentary rocks containing plagioclase in the crystalline substance such as silicate floating rock sedimentary rocks and floating rock tuffs (hereinafter simply referred to as " When we say "floating sedimentary rock," we are referring to this.)
A high-speed clarification method for polluted water that makes the coagulation and sedimentation of pollutant components much more efficient than conventional methods by simultaneously injecting a pulverizing agent containing fine powder and an inorganic flocculant such as aluminum salt into polluted water. Regarding. (3-2) Prior art When treating water containing turbidity, clean water,
Purification treatment of industrial water, treatment of domestic wastewater such as hospitals, schools, hotels, kitchens, industrial wastewater, food, dyeing,
Treatment of industrial wastewater such as chemical and pharmaceutical industry wastewater can be considered, but in any case, sieving tanks, settling tanks,
Clarification is carried out by installing equipment such as a filtration tank and performing appropriate treatment operations such as adsorption, coagulation, and activation in the equipment. For example, in water purification treatment, chemical separation or sterilization of manganese and iron using chlorine, flocculants such as polyaluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, and iron chloride, and coagulation aids such as slaked lime and soda ash are used to remove gravity. Treatment is carried out by appropriately combining physical and chemical treatment, sludge, biological treatment using active bacteria, etc. However, all of these conventional treatment methods for treating polluted water require large-scale treatment equipment, requiring large equipment costs and installation space, and have the drawbacks of requiring considerable time for treatment. . (3-3) Purpose of the invention The present invention improves the above-mentioned drawbacks of conventional treatment methods for clarifying polluted water, and makes it possible to clarify polluted water easily and in an extremely short time without requiring large-scale treatment equipment. The purpose of this project is to provide a treatment method for water treatment, as well as a simple method for securing emergency water in times of disaster. (3-4) Structure and operation of the invention Inorganic flocculants have been used for a long time to treat polluted water, but they have undergone rapid development and changes along with the development of industry. Basic aluminum chloride was discovered in the United Kingdom and the United States in the 1960s, and an improved version of it was invented in Japan (Japanese Patent Publication No. 21401/1989) and is widely used. Its features include hydrolysis and ion adsorption,
Separation of contaminants through flock cross-linking and aggregation. The inventor of the present invention has conducted various studies on adding substances other than this inorganic flocculant to clarify polluted water. Similarly, by adding an inorganic coagulant to the fine powder of floating rock sedimentary rocks, which are found everywhere in Japan, the sedimentation of pollutants is extremely rapid, and the clarification effect is also very good. I came to discover that The present invention was made as a result of this, and the precipitate formed after adding and stirring a predetermined ratio of grainstone, etc., which has undergone predetermined particle size adjustment, fine powder of floating sedimentary rock, and an inorganic flocculant to polluted water. The objective is achieved by removing the object. The components of each processing agent will be explained in detail below. (a) Fine powder such as sparite: As mentioned above, sparite is a type of igneous rock, and contains feldspars such as plagioclase and alkali feldspar in its vitreous substance, as well as quartz and mica. It is hardened by erupting from a volcano. Rhyolite is found everywhere in Japan, but the typical rhyolite is found in Inayama-cho, Sarashina-gun, Nagano Prefecture, Arima-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe City, and Nagano City. Also, perlite is famous for being produced in Imari City, Saga Prefecture, and Mount Horaiji, Minamishitara District, Aichi Prefecture. Additionally, Amakusa in Kumamoto Prefecture and Takachiho Town in Usuki District in Miyazaki Prefecture are known as producing areas of mud-lava. The particle size of all of these igneous rocks is adjusted to contain 70% or more of 30 to 100 μm particles, but fine powder less than 30 μm hinders the agglomeration effect of pollutants, significantly prolongs the settling time, and worsens the clarity and turbidity. In addition, those with a diameter exceeding 100 μm rapidly settle, which has the disadvantage of hindering adsorption, aggregation, and the formation of flocs. The other one is defined as 70% of particles with a particle size of 30 to 100 μm.
The reason for this is that crystallite is a deposit of metals such as gold, silver, and copper, and during the crushing, pulverization, and smelting processes, particles with particle sizes in the above range are produced as unnecessary products, so the cost is extremely low. It is the body. (b) Floating sedimentary rock: The main components of floating sedimentary rock are vitreous, feldspar, quartz, etc., similar to crystallite. The difference is that while rock is an igneous rock made from hardened rock ejected from a volcano,
Floating sedimentary rock is a porous rock that is produced by crushing rocks and depositing them on the surface of the earth or in water. 〓rhyolitic pumice,
Pumice (sedimentary rock) is usually called pumice, and is an igneous rock that adsorbs various components (e.g., calcareous, carbonate, silicic acid, sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.) during diffusion and deposition on the ground, and is transformed into a sedimentary rock. It is something. Pumiceous tuff is a rock known as Oya stone, which is produced in Hakusan Village, Kawachi District, Tochigi Prefecture. The grain size of these rocks is adjusted so that the grain size is 30 to 100 μm. Particles with a particle size of less than 30 μm have the disadvantage of hindering the agglomeration effect of pollutants, significantly prolonging the settling time, and worsening the clarity and turbidity, similar to the case of crystallite, etc., and particles with a particle size of more than 100 μm has the disadvantage that it sediments rapidly, which hinders adsorption, flocculation, and floc formation. In addition, when processing floating sedimentary rocks to produce plant beds and polishing sand, particles of about 30 to 100 μm in size are produced as substandard products, so the cost is extremely low, similar to the case with stonestone, etc. It is. (c) Inorganic flocculants: Inorganic flocculants neutralize the electric charge of colloidal particles suspended in water, so that the attractive force between the particles exceeds the repulsive force due to the electric charge, thereby coagulating the pollutants in the water. _Cheap and harmless substances that _{have the effect of promoting n} polymer), ferrous sulfate (FeSO ₄ 7H ₂ O), ferric chloride (FeCl ₃ 6H ₆ O), ferric sulfate (Fe ₂
(SO ₄ ) ₃・nH ₂ O), chlorinated Kotparas (Fe ₂
(SO ₄ ) ₃・FeCl ₃ ), etc. The standards for inorganic flocculants used for water supplies are determined by JISK-1475. The treatment agents (a), (b), and (c) explained above are blended in an appropriate ratio, and added to the polluted water (depending on the nature of the polluted water, an appropriate polymer flocculant and flocculation aid are added). (Additionally, even better results can be obtained.) If stirring is performed, the floc formation rate and sedimentation properties are significantly higher than in the conventional method. For example, when treating polluted river water with a turbidity of 14° to 17°, the conventional method takes approximately 125 minutes to reduce the total amount of treated water to a turbidity of 2° after stirring using the specified cylinder test method. , was approximately 9 minutes using the method according to the present invention. As described above, the treatment method according to the present invention enables high-speed treatment of polluted water in a short time that is 1/5 to 1/15 of the conventional method. Such a fact was completely unexpected for those skilled in the art, and was something that no one had been able to accomplish in the past. The mechanism of action for high-speed clarification of polluted water is as follows:
Although it is not clear yet, it can be inferred as follows. In other words, in addition to the adsorption purification effect due to the component structure of plagioclase and vitreous components and porous floating sedimentary rocks contained in treatment agents (a) and (b), the negative charge of the particles whose particle size has been adjusted contains sulfate ions. It has an affinity that is compatible with the high positive charge of the flocculant, and also has a
It is thought that the fine powder has the effect of stabilizing the formation and crosslinking of giant flocs by the flocculant, tightening them to an appropriate size, and making them stronger. Also, processing agent (a),
It is presumed that the components contained in (b) and the floating rock structure have the effect of strongly adsorbing impurities dissolved in water. It is thought that high-speed clarification of polluted water was achieved through the physical and chemical effects described above. When the coagulated precipitate actually obtained by the treatment method of the present invention was examined under a microscope, it was found that the fine powder with adjusted particle size of treatment agents (a) and (b) coagulated into the contaminant coagulation bonds between the pyramidal units of aluminum chloride. The size of the flock is 2~
At 3 mm, the crosslinking becomes denser, and the effects of treatment agents (a) and (b) can be clearly observed. On the other hand, when the conventional method is used, the size of the aggregated flocs is about 4 to 7 mm, and it is observed that the entanglement between the aluminum chloride pyramids, the agglomeration, and the crosslinking of the flocs are rough. In addition, microscopic investigations related to the treatment method of the present invention revealed that a large number of fine aluminum aggregates (20 to 100 μm) that were leaked during the formation of flocs also coagulated and bonded contaminants of around 1 μm or more. a),
(b) Particles are observed to be stuck together. In conventional methods, fine aluminum aggregates of about 20 to 1000 μm that contain these pollutants remain suspended in water for a long time without settling or floating due to interference from oxidized organic matter, etc. However, treatment agents (a) and (b) It is often observed that all these microscopic aggregates are suppressed from floating and allowed to separate and settle from the water. This treatment method in which water is clarified by adding treatment agents (a) and (b) is contrary to conventional treatment methods in terms of treatment time. That is, it is natural that if only forced sedimentation is caused by the addition of the treatment agents (a) and (b), the quality of the water will generally deteriorate. However, in the treatment method according to the present invention as described above, treatment agents (a) and (b) make a large contribution to the absorption and adsorption of impurities, as shown in the water quality tests (Tables 5 and 8) of the implementation data described below. It is presumed that they are doing so. Processing agents (a), (b) fine powder outside the particle size adjustment range (e.g.
4 μm to 10 μm) is probably because the mass charge is small.
There is no binding with the flocculant, and it floats alone in the water, and the coarse particles (200 μm or more) of treatment agents (a) and (b) adhere to the pyramids of aluminum chloride and quickly sink. From these observations, it is clear that particles other than those whose particle size has been adjusted in treatment agents (a) and (b) interfere with the functions of pollutant adsorption, flocculation, crosslinking, and floc sedimentation, which are the characteristics of flocculants. The processing agents (a) and (b) can be used separately in dry granular form or in combination. The effect of processing agent c is not affected whether it is used in liquid form or in dry powder form. Furthermore, when the processing agents (a), (b), and (c) are used in the form of dry powder, their performance is stable over a long period of time unless they are melted and solidified by moisture. The water targeted by the high-speed clarification treatment method according to the present invention is tap water, industrial wastewater, industrial wastewater, etc., and the treatment agent (a)
The amount of (b) and (c) added depends on the properties of the water to be treated, such as turbidity, size of suspended particles, pH, chargeability, type of components, etc., as well as treatment turbidity, mechanism of treatment equipment, and treatment It is not possible to make a general statement based on the presence or absence of additives and other factors. However, in general, for fine particle suspensions, the treatment agent (a) is about 10 to 5000 ppm, and the treatment agent (b) is about 10 to 5000 ppm.
500ppm, (c) is about 10 to 10,000ppm, and more specifically, when the concentration of suspended particles is large, similar to sewage sludge, the treatment agent (a) is about 500ppm.
~5000ppm, (b) is 10~500ppm (c) is approximately 500~
Use within the range of 10000ppm. In addition, in the case of relatively low turbidity stock solutions such as groundwater and river water, the treatment agent (a) should be
1000ppm, (b) is used in the range of 10 to 100ppm, and (c) is used in the range of 10 to 1000ppm. In actual treatment, after investigating the necessary properties of the water to be treated, the most excellent distribution of treatment agents (a), (b), and (c) should be determined experimentally with reference to the examples described later. is necessary. A notable use of the present invention is for emergency water use during disasters. It is a well-established theory that water is the most inconvenient thing in the event of a disaster such as an earthquake, but after treating bath water, standing water, etc. with the method of the present invention in the event of a disaster, sodium subzinc chlorate can be used. As a result, potable water can be easily obtained as demonstrated by the water quality test of leftover bath water described below. (3-5) Examples In order to specifically understand the effects of the present invention, examples of high-speed clarification of hotel kitchen wastewater, groundwater, river water, and bath wastewater will be described below.
These are all for illustrative purposes only, and it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to these examples and can be effectively implemented in other various water treatments.Example 1 (Table 1) , the treatment agent (a) uses a fine rock powder, and the treatment agent (b) uses a fine powder of floating rock.) An example of industrial wastewater is the secondary wastewater from a hotel kitchen after the primary sieve sedimentation treatment (turbidity 74°) Collect the
This was subjected to a clarity test using a 1 jar test. The treatment method according to the present invention includes treatment agent (a) 600 (b)
100 ppm, and as the treatment agent (c) component, add 700 ppm of JIS standard flocculant for water supply and 1 mg of organic polymer. Add the necessary amount of NaOH solution to the liquid to be treated so that the pH becomes 7.1 after treatment. Add the processing agent while stirring the liquid to be processed.
Inject (c), then add treatment agents (a) and (b), perform rapid stirring (150 rpm) for 3 minutes, then perform slow stirring (40 rpm) for 10 minutes, and then let stand for 10 minutes. The turbidity and COD of the supernatant were measured.
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Table] In the table, the term "product of the present invention" indicates treated water treated by the method according to the present invention (the same applies to each of the following examples (however, in the examples from Table 2 onwards, no organic polymer was used). )), and the comparative product is a product that was treated using the same method as the method of the present invention (without adding treatment agents (a) and (b)). The same applies to each of the following Examples. As is clear from the results in Table 1, the treatment method according to the present invention shows excellent results with a rapid decrease in turbidity compared to the comparative product using the conventional treatment method.
COD hasn't changed much. This shows that the properties of the flocculant are not impaired. As shown in this example, in the treatment method according to the present invention, sedimentation and clarification are too fast with the jar test stirring method described above, so in the following examples, the cylinder test method shown below is used as the stirring method. shall be. Cylinder test method: Collect 250ml of sample water in a 250ml graduated cylinder, inject treatment agents (a) and (b), then inject treatment agent (c), then perform rapid inversion for 30 seconds and slow inversion for 7 minutes. , leave it still. Because clarification occurs rapidly, measure the turbidity and pH of the entire liquid (take equal amounts from the top, middle, and bottom of the liquid). For supernatant water, enter the information in minutes after it has been allowed to stand still. As the treatment agent (c), use a water supply flocculant (JISK-1475 standard product). Example 2 (Tables 2 and 3, treatment agents (a) and (b) are the same as in Example 1) Groundwater with a raw water turbidity of 98° and a pH of 7.42 was collected, and treatment agents (a) and (b) were used. Changes in turbidity and PH after 30 minutes of standing (Table 2) and treatment agent (a) by changing the concentration of treatment agent (c) with constant ((a) 500ppm, (b) 100ppm) (b)(c)
The changes in turbidity over time (Table 3) of the product of the present invention and a comparative product made by the conventional method were measured when quantified.

【table】

[Table] From the results in Table 2, the injection amount of treatment agent (c) is
It can be seen that when the concentration is 200 ppm or more, a remarkable effect appears in clarifying the turbidity. In addition, from the results in Table 3, the turbidity decrease is significantly faster than that of the comparative product, and the supernatant liquid shows a good value of 0.8° after 10 minutes of standing, indicating that it is superior to the comparative product. Recognize. From Tables 1 to 3 above, the turbidity is 50° to 100°.
It depends on the properties of the treated liquid before and after, but the treatment agent (a) is
500-1000ppm, processing agent (b) is approximately 100ppm, processing agent (c)
200 to 1000 ppm is practically used, and for processing liquids with a turbidity of 100° or more, the injection amounts of processing agents (a), (b), and (c) must be greater than the above. Example 3 (Table 4, treatment agents (a) and (b) are the same as Example 1) Surface water downstream of Tsurumi River, Kanagawa Prefecture (turbidity 14.5°, PH
7.5) was collected and measured using the test method described above. In this case, the treatment agent (a) 250ppm, (b) 50ppm, (c) 150ppm,
was injected into raw water, and the turbidity and pH over time and the supernatant water turbidity and pH after 10 minutes of standing were measured for the invented product and the comparative product.
The results are shown in Table 4.

[Table] As shown in the table, the turbidity after 10 minutes of standing was much better than that of the comparative product, and the invention product also showed an extremely rapid decrease in turbidity for the total amount of treated solution. Example 4 (Table 5) Using the raw water of Example 3, the test method, treatment agent,
Tests were conducted under the same conditions as in Example 3, including water temperature, etc.
In order to investigate the effect of the rapid decrease in turbidity as shown in Table 4 on water quality, water quality was measured for treated solutions of the invention and comparative products. That is, after 30 minutes of standing, the liquid was filtered through No. 5A paper, and COD and other items were measured for the two types of liquids and raw water. The results are shown in Table 5.

[Table] As shown in the table, despite the rapid decrease in turbidity, the product of the present invention does not impede water quality compared to the comparative product, and improvements are seen in each item. Example 5 (Tables 6 and 7, treatment agent (a) and pearlite fine powder (b) are the same as in Example 1) Remaining hot water (bath water) at home (turbidity 13.5°, PH
7.24, Suspended matter (mainly organic matter dissolved or suspended in water) was collected after one day and tested. This test was conducted to determine whether bath water can be used as emergency water. In this test, various other items such as COD were also tested to see the effect of the high-speed clarification process according to the present invention on water quality.
First, in the first test, treatment agent (c) was injected first, and treatment agent (c) was injected first.
We adopted a method in which (a) and (b) were injected later. Processing agent
(c) was fixed at 150 ppm, processing agents (a) and (b) were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.2, and the turbidity and PH were measured by varying the injection amount of the mixture. The result is the 6th
As shown in the table.

[Table] In addition, in the second test, treatment agents (a) and (b) were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.2 as described above, and the concentration was 300 ppm.
The treatment agent (c) was set at 150 ppm, and water quality such as turbidity and COD was measured. The results are shown in Table 7.

[Table] In this test, only the sediment was excluded and the entire liquid was measured. As can be seen from Table 6, the injection amount of the mixture of treatment agents (a) and (b) is 300 ppm under these conditions, and injection of more than 300 ppm may be necessary in special cases, for example when the raw water has a high degree of pollution. It seems unnecessary except in cases where it is indicated. Furthermore, from the results in Table 7, it is also demonstrated that although the treatment method according to the present invention shows abnormal high-speed clarification, the water quality shows even better values and does not impair the properties of the flocculant at all. has been done. Example 6 (Table 8, treatment agents (a) and (b) are the same as Example 1) Based on the findings of Example 5, the remaining water in home baths met the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare ordinance water quality standards under even more severe conditions. Based on
A test was conducted to determine if the water was drinkable. Three people bathed in the bath at home for two consecutive days, and the remaining hot water was left for another two days and then used as raw water for testing. The treatment agents (a) and (b) were the same as in Example 1, and the treatment method was the same as in Example 5, but the treatment agents were (a)+(b)=
200ppm, (a):(b)=1:0.1, (c)=100ppm.
In addition, sodium hypochlorite was added to the treated water as a sterilizing agent so that the residual chlorine was 1.0 ppm. The results are shown in Table 8.

[Table] The values in the table pass the water quality standards of the Ministry of Health and Welfare ordinance, and the amounts of treatment agents (a), (b), and (c) are small. In other words, this high-speed sedimentation treatment method is of course very effective in emergencies, but it can also be used in various other fields. Note that COD could be further reduced by passing the above clear water through a laminated layer of nonwoven fabric containing 50% activated pulverized carbon. As shown in the above examples, according to the water treatment method according to the present invention, it is possible to quickly clarify polluted water, and treatment agents ( By appropriately changing the concentrations of a), (b), and (c), very good results can be obtained as in the above embodiments. The processing agent (a) used in the examples all has a particle size of
The particle size has been adjusted so that it contains 70% or more of particles with a diameter of 30 to 100 μm, but this particle size adjustment range is a rough guideline, and the present invention is effective even if the particle size is slightly deviated from this range. Of course, it can be implemented. The particle size range of treatment agent (b) is 30~
100 μm is also a rough guideline as in the case of processing agent (a), and the present invention can be effectively practiced even if it deviates to some extent. The same can be said about the injection amounts of each treatment agent (a), (b), and (c). In the present invention, the ingredients
The injection amount for (a) is 10-5000ppm, (b) is 10-500ppm,
Although (c) is limited to 10 to 10,000 ppm, this is also a rough guideline, and depending on the characteristics of the raw water, the present invention can be effectively practiced even with a content slightly outside this range. (3-6) Effects of the Invention The present invention involves injecting a predetermined amount of floating rock, such as rockite, and an inorganic coagulant into polluted water and stirring the particles to remove the generated precipitate. Therefore, it is possible to clarify polluted water at high speed, and it has the following excellent effects. (1) Compared to the various flocculants used conventionally, the flocculation and sedimentation time is greatly shortened. According to the above-mentioned example of river water, it can be treated in a short time of 1/5 to 1/15 of the conventional method. (2) Despite the high-speed clarification process, the turbidity reduction is extremely accelerated without impairing the functions of the flocculants conventionally used (removal of organic matter, reduction of turbidity). (3) The moisture content of the cake is low and the peelability is excellent.
The cake coagulated and sedimented by the method of the present invention has a low moisture content of around 50% and has excellent peelability, so it can be easily extracted from the lower conduit of the settling tank. In addition, the extracted cake can be easily solidified by natural drying, so it has the property of being easy to process. (4) Although processing agents (a) and (b) are required compared to conventional methods, the processing agents (a) and (b) are used in small quantities and are inexpensive. In other words, treatment agents (a) and (b) are each made of fine powder of floating rock such as limestone, but when producing polishing sand and plant seedbeds using these as raw materials, they are also used to treat gold and silver. This is because when manufacturing copper, it is possible to easily use out-of-grade products or unnecessary products in the manufacturing process by simply sorting the particle size with a sieve. As is clear from the examples, processing agents (a) and (b) are often used in a ratio of 1:0.1 to 0.2, so it is also convenient to use a mixture at that ratio from the beginning. It is. (5) Easily separate and settle organic matter such as decayed matter from the liquid, and maintain the settled state. (6) When newly installing water treatment equipment, the method according to the present invention can significantly save equipment costs such as agitation, flocculation, sedimentation, and discharge, as well as site space. (7) The method according to the present invention can be easily applied to water treatment equipment currently in operation, and by using it, the equipment capacity can be increased. (8) In short, improving water treatment equipment will reduce equipment costs, make a major contribution to pollution control, and make it extremely easy to secure emergency water, especially in times of disaster.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Adding 10 to 10 times of a treatment agent having the following component (a) to polluted water.
5000ppm, 10 to 10% of treatment agent containing component (b)
500ppm, treatment agent containing component (c) 10-10000ppm
A method for high-speed clarification of polluted water, which is characterized by adding and stirring, and then removing the generated precipitate. (a) Feldspar (plagioclase, plagioclase, Igneous rock fine powder containing (alkaline feldspar) (b) Rhyolitic pumice, sedimentary rock with particle size adjusted to 30 to 100 μm
(c) Fine powder of floating sedimentary rocks containing plagioclase in the crystalline material, such as rock), pumiceous tuff, etc. (c) Aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, aluminum chloride, polychloride Inorganic flocculants such as aluminum