JPH05332634A - Automatic changing-over method and device for cooling or heating operation in absorption type cold water-hot water feeding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To perform an automatic changing-over of a hot water discharging operation, a cold water discharging operation and a cold water and hot water concurrent discharging operation in an absorption type cold water-hot water feeding machine upon confirmation of decreasing of temperature of cooling water or absorption liquid temperature when these operations are changed over. CONSTITUTION:A cooling water shutting-off valve 104 or a cooling water pump is arranged in a cooling water supplying pipe passage 39 and at the same time a temperature sensor 106 is arranged at an absorption liquid pipe passage 19, a temperature sensor 108 is arranged at a cooling water supplying pipe passage 39 and a temperature sensor 110 is arranged at a cooling water discharging pipe passage 41, respectively. The cooling water shutting-off valve 104 or the cooling water pump is controlled in response to these detected temperatures.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for an absorption chiller-heater that efficiently and automatically switches from a hot water extraction operation to a cold water extraction operation or a simultaneous cold / hot water extraction operation without raising the temperature of the cooling water excessively. Regarding

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, an absorption chiller-heater using, for example, lithium bromide as an absorbent and water as a refrigerant has been generally known. The conventional absorption chiller-heater has a structure as shown in FIG. 6 as an example. Reference numeral 1 is an upper low temperature cylinder, which is composed of a low temperature regenerator 2 and a condenser 3, and a refrigerant reservoir 4 is provided in the lower portion of the condenser 3. Reference numeral 5 denotes a lower cold cylinder, which is composed of an evaporator 6 and an absorber 7. 8 is a high temperature regenerator, which is a combustion chamber 9, a heat recovery device 10, a gas-liquid separator 1.
1, an exhaust stack 12 and a combustion device 13. In addition, the low temperature heat exchanger 14, the high temperature heat exchanger 15 and the like are constituent devices. The dilute liquid in the lower liquid pool 16 in the absorber 7 is
It is sent to the low temperature regenerator 2 via the absorption liquid lines 18 and 19, the low temperature heat exchanger 14, and the line 20 by the low temperature pump 17.
This dilute liquid is heated by the high temperature refrigerant vapor flowing from the refrigerant vapor line 21 and concentrated to an intermediate concentration. The liquid of this intermediate concentration is divided into two. One of the divided liquids
By the high temperature pump 22, the pipe lines 23 and 24, the high temperature heat exchanger 1
5, it is sent to the high temperature regenerator 8 via the pipe line 25. This intermediate concentration liquid is heated by the combustion device 13, and the heat recovery device 10
And enters the gas-liquid separator 11, and is separated into a refrigerant vapor and a concentrated liquid. This concentrated liquid has a pressure of about 650 in the high temperature regenerator 8.
Due to the differential pressure between mmHg and about 6 mmHg of pressure inside the lower low-temperature cylinder 5, the intermediate liquid from the conduit 28 that has been branched before via the concentrated liquid conduit 26, the high-temperature heat exchanger 15, and the conduit 27 ( The other half of the divided liquid is mixed, becomes a mixed concentrated liquid, enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 14, passes through the pipe 29, is sprayed onto the heat transfer pipe of the absorber 7 by the spraying device 30, and is stored in the liquid pool 16. A return cycle is made.

On the other hand, the refrigerant vapor separated by the gas-liquid separator 11 enters the low temperature regenerator 2 via the refrigerant vapor pipe line 21, heats the liquid to condense and liquefy, and then from the refrigerant liquid pipe line 46 to the condenser. Three
to go into. Further, in the low temperature regenerator 2, the refrigerant vapor generated when the dilute liquid is concentrated to the intermediate concentration liquid enters the condenser 3 from the upper space and is condensed to become the refrigerant liquid. The condensed refrigerant water enters the evaporator 6 via the pipe 31 and is accumulated in the lower pool 32. This refrigerant water passes through the pipelines 34 and 35 by the refrigerant pump 33, and the evaporator 6 by the spraying device 36.
On the heat transfer tubes. The cold water used for cooling is
It enters the evaporator 6 from the pipe line 37, is cooled by the latent heat of vaporization of the dropping refrigerant, and flows out from the cold / hot water take-out pipe line 38.
The cooling water flows out through the pipe lines 39, 40, 41, and absorbs the absorbed heat in the absorber 7 and the condensation heat in the condenser 3 and takes them out of the system. Further, by manually opening the cooling / heating switching valve 60 and stopping the cooling water supplied to the cooling water pipe 39,
Hot water can be obtained from the cold / hot water take-out line 38. In the conventional absorption chiller-heater shown in FIG. 6, a cooling tower (not shown) is connected to the cooling water discharge conduit 41, and the cooling water heated by this cooling tower is cooled and then reused. ing.

[0004]

In the conventional absorption chiller-heater shown in FIG. 6, when the hot water withdrawal operation is switched to the cold water withdrawal operation, the temperature of the cooling water staying in the heat exchanger tube of the chiller-hot water machine becomes high. If the cooling water pump is operated and the cooling water is circulated as it is, the filler filled in the cooling tower is dissolved and deteriorated. Further, in the conventional absorption chiller-heater shown in FIG. 6, when switching from the hot water withdrawal operation to the cold water withdrawal operation, if cooling water is passed while the temperature of the absorbing liquid in the chiller-hot water machine is high, especially in the absorber. However, the pressure inside the hot and cold water machine suddenly drops, the absorbing liquid in the body suddenly boils, and the absorbing liquid jumps into the refrigerant system, for example, the evaporator or the condenser, and the operation cannot be restarted as it is. The present invention has been made in view of the above points, without increasing the cooling water temperature so much, and without bumping the internal absorbing liquid, to switch from the hot water withdrawal operation to the cold water withdrawal operation or the cold and hot water simultaneous withdrawal operation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus capable of

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, a method for automatically switching between cooling and heating in an absorption chiller-heater according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Alternatively, when switching to the simultaneous cold / hot water extraction operation, the temperature of the absorbing liquid extracted from the absorber 7 is measured, and when this temperature becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature (for example, about 40 ° C.), the cooling water is passed and the cold water extraction operation is started. It is characterized by Further, according to another method of the present invention, when the hot water extraction operation is switched to the cold water extraction operation or the cold / hot water simultaneous extraction operation, the cooling water temperature of the absorber 7 and the condenser 3
It is characterized in that at least one of the cooling water temperatures is measured, and when the temperature falls below a predetermined temperature (for example, about 50 ° C.), the cooling water is passed. In this method, until the cooling water drops to a predetermined temperature (for example, about 50 ° C),
It is desirable to open the cooling water blow valve 98 connected to the cooling water supply pipe 39 to lower the cooling water temperature in the absorber 7 and the condenser 3.

The device of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings in an absorption chiller-heater equipped with an evaporator 6, an absorber 7, a condenser 3, a low temperature regenerator 2 and a high temperature regenerator 8.
The cooling water cutoff valve 104 or the cooling water pump is provided in the cooling water supply pipe 39, and the temperature detector 1 is installed in the absorption liquid pipe 19.
06, the temperature detector 108 in the cooling water supply pipe 39 near the absorber 7, and the temperature detector 110 in the cooling water discharge pipe 41 near the condenser 3, and the cooling water cutoff valve 104 or the cooling water pump. It is characterized in that at least one of the temperature detectors 106, 108 and 110 is connected via a controller 112. The temperature detector 106 detects the temperature of the absorbing liquid, the temperature detector 108 detects the temperature of the cooling water in the absorber 7, and the temperature detector 110 detects the temperature of the cooling water in the condenser 3. When the temperature becomes lower than a predetermined temperature, the cutoff valve 104 of the cooling water is opened via the controller 112 or the cooling water pump is controlled to operate.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the shape of the constituent devices described in this embodiment, the relative arrangement, and the like are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only to them unless otherwise specified, and are merely illustrative examples. Nothing more. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the cooling / heating automatic switching device of the present invention. 1 is provided with a cooling water cutoff valve 104 or a cooling water pump in the cooling water supply pipe 39 and a temperature detector 106 in the absorption liquid pipe 19 in the conventional absorption chiller-heater shown in FIG. , Cooling water supply line 39 near the absorber 7
Is provided with a temperature detector 108, the temperature detector 110 is provided in the cooling water discharge pipe line 41 near the condenser 3, and the cooling water cutoff valve 104 is provided.
Alternatively, a cooling water pump and temperature detectors 106, 108, 110
And are connected via the adjuster 112. The temperature detector 108 may be connected to a cooling water pipe in the absorber 7,
Further, the temperature detector 110 may be connected to the cooling water pipe in the condenser 3. The same equipment and piping as in FIG.
It has the same number as. Other configurations and operations are similar to those in the case of FIG.

FIG. 2 shows another example of the device of the present invention. The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in which a cooling water blow valve 98 and a blow pipe 100 having a water quality detector 102 are connected to the cooling water supply conduit. Then, until the cooling water drops to a predetermined temperature, the blow valve 98
Is opened to lower the cooling water temperature in the absorber 7 and the condenser 3.

In the absorption chiller-heater shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, hot water can be taken out only from the cold / hot water take-out pipe line 38 from the evaporator 6, and when hot water of different temperatures is required or when hot water is supplied. It is not possible to deal with the case where hot water for heating and hot water for heating are required. In view of this point, the present inventor attaches one or more water heaters to the low-temperature regenerator, introduces the refrigerant vapor that has passed through the low-temperature regenerator pipe into the water heater, and then from the evaporator in the heating operation mode. Other than hot water to take out,
A hot water multi-circuit take-out absorption chiller-heater was invented in which hot water can be simultaneously or / and arbitrarily taken out by the above water heater, or hot water can be taken out from only one or a plurality of water heaters. Of course, at the time of taking out cold water, hot water can be taken out simultaneously or optionally from one or a plurality of water heaters.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the absorption chiller / heater for taking out the hot water multi-circuit. The absorption chiller-heater shown in FIG. 3 is the absorption chiller-heater shown in FIG. 1 in which the water heater 64 is connected to the low temperature regenerator 2 and the heat exchanger 90 is provided on the low temperature cylinder 5. The same equipment and piping as in FIG. 1 are given the same numbers as in FIG. The absorption chiller / heater includes an evaporator 6, an absorber 7, a condenser 3, a low temperature regenerator 2 and a high temperature regenerator 8.
A state in which cold water is taken out from the evaporator 6 through the pipe line 38 in the cooling mode (at this time, the cooling / heating switching valve 60 is closed), and a state in which hot water is taken out from the evaporator 6 through the pipe line 38 in the heating mode (at this time, the cooling / heating switching valve). 60 is open). In the above configuration, the low temperature regenerator 2
Of the water heater 6 via the refrigerant vapor line 62 to the refrigerant liquid line 46 of
4 is connected. An orifice plate or a float type valve 96 is provided in the refrigerant liquid pipe 46 to perform pressure sealing between the high temperature regenerator side having a high pressure and the condenser side having a low pressure. As shown in FIG. 4, two or three or more water heaters 64 can be installed. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the high temperature regenerator 8 and the low temperature regenerator 2 are connected through the refrigerant vapor line 21, and after guiding the high temperature refrigerant vapor generated in the high temperature regenerator 8 to the low temperature regenerator 2. , Is led to the water heater 64.

Further, the refrigerant drain conduit 6 of the water heater 64 is so arranged that the refrigerant drain condensed in the water heater 64 is returned to the refrigerant system.
6 is connected to the condenser 3 or the low temperature regenerator. Therefore, the refrigerant drain condensed in the water heater 64 is returned to the refrigerant system without returning to the absorbing liquid side, and can be effectively used for cooling to save energy. Further, a heat exchanger 90 is provided in the low temperature cylinder 5 composed of the evaporator 6 and the absorber 7, and the hot water inlet of the heat exchanger 90 and the hot water supply pipe 7 of the water heater 64 are provided.
8 is connected via a hot water supply branch pipe line 92, and the hot water outlet of the heat exchanger 90 and the hot water take-out pipe line 70 of the water heater 64 are connected via a hot water take-out branch pipe line 94. The heat exchanger 90 may be provided outside the case 5 and connected to the case 5.
As described above, the hot water is placed in one or a plurality of hot water heaters 64, or a part of the hot water is placed inside the barrel 5 including the evaporator 6 and the absorber 7 or outside the barrel connected to the barrel 5. By guiding the heat to the heat exchanger 90, the pressure in the body 5 is lowered by the low-temperature hot water so that the absorbing liquid can flow normally when the hot water 64 alone operates. If the heat exchanger 90 is not provided, the pressure at various points may be reversed from the normal state depending on the operating conditions (for example, the pressure in the lower cold cylinder 5 becomes higher than the pressure in the upper cold cylinder 1), and the liquid. Flow may not be performed normally. When the heat exchanger 90 is provided, the refrigerant vapor in the case body 5 is condensed by the heat exchanger 90 to lower the pressure, so such an abnormality does not occur, and cold water operation, hot water operation, and cold water / hot water simultaneous operation are switched. However, there is an advantage that special valves can be provided to operate without opening and closing these valves.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a temperature detector 68 is provided in the cold / hot water extraction conduit 38 from the evaporator 6, and a temperature detector 72 is provided in the hot water extraction conduit 70 from the water heater 64. These temperature detectors 68, 72 and the fuel control valve 74 for the combustion device 13 of the high temperature regenerator 8 are connected via a deviation value determiner 76. Then, when the cold water and the hot water, or the hot water from the plurality of water heaters 64 are simultaneously taken out, the temperature control deviation value of the cold water temperature and / or the hot water temperature is captured, and the larger deviation value is used for the capacity control (mainly the combustion control. ) To do. A hot water three-way control valve 80 is provided in the hot water supply conduit 78 to the water heater 64, and the hot water supply conduit 78 and the hot water take-out conduit 70 are connected via a bypass conduit 82 that passes through the hot water three-way control valve 80. ing. In addition, the hot water three-way control valve 80 and the temperature detector 7 provided in the hot water take-out conduit 70
2 is connected so that the hot water three-way control valve 80 can be controlled by the temperature of the drawn hot water. Therefore, the evaporator 6
When the capacity control is performed by the cold water temperature or the hot water temperature taken out from the hot water temperature, the hot water temperature taken out from the one or a plurality of hot water heaters 64 can be controlled by another control mechanism such as the hot water three-way control valve 80.

Further, the absorption liquid conduit 19 from the absorber 7 and the refrigerant liquid conduit 31 from the condenser 3 are connected via an absorption liquid conduit 86 equipped with a flow rate adjusting valve 84, and this flow rate adjustment is performed. Valve 84 and temperature detector 68 provided in the cold water take-out line 38
Are connected so that the flow control valve 84 can be controlled by the temperature of the cold water. By doing so, when the capacity control is performed by the hot water temperature taken out from one or a plurality of hot water heaters 64, the cold water temperature is controlled by another control mechanism such as putting an absorbing liquid in the refrigerant system. be able to. Further, the manual cooling / heating switching valve 60 provided in the refrigerant liquid conduit connecting the refrigerant liquid conduit 46 at the bottom of the low temperature regenerator 2 and the evaporator 6 is changed to the cooling / heating automatic switching valve 88, and this cooling / heating automatic switching is performed. The valve 88 and the temperature detector 68 provided in the hot / cold water take-out conduit 38 are connected so that the cold / warm automatic switching valve 88 can be controlled by the cold water temperature. By doing so, when the capacity control is executed by the hot water temperature taken out from one or a plurality of hot water heaters 64, the hot water temperature taken out from the evaporator 6 is opened / closed by another automatic switching valve 88. It can be controlled by a control mechanism.

In the above-mentioned hot water multi-circuit take-out absorption chiller-heater, hot water alone operation for taking hot water from the evaporator 6 or combined hot water operation for taking hot water from the water heater 64, and hot water alone for taking hot water only from the water heater 64 When the operation is switched to the operation mode, the hot / cold automatic switching valve 88 is fully closed to easily switch the individual hot water extraction or the combined hot water extraction.

Also in the hot water multi-circuit take-out absorption chiller-heater shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the cooling water cutoff valve 104 or the cooling water pump is provided in the cooling water supply pipe 39 as in the case of FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, the temperature detector 106 is provided in the absorption liquid conduit 19, the temperature detector 108 is provided in the cooling water supply conduit 39 near the absorber 7, and the temperature detector 110 is provided in the cooling water discharge conduit 41 near the condenser 3. The shutoff valve 104 of the cooling water or the cooling water pump is connected to the temperature detectors 106, 108 and 110 via the controller 112.

[0016]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects. (1) When switching from the hot water withdrawal operation to the cold water withdrawal operation or the simultaneous cold and hot water withdrawal operation, the cooling water outlet temperature can be automatically lowered to an appropriate temperature and switched, preventing deterioration of the filler in the cooling tower. can do. Further, in the conventional absorption chiller-heater, when switching the hot water extraction operation to the chilled water extraction operation, if cooling water is passed while the temperature of the absorbing liquid in the chiller-heater, especially in the absorber, is high, the chiller-heater The pressure inside the cylinder suddenly drops, the absorbing liquid inside boils, and the absorbing liquid jumps into the refrigerant system, such as the evaporator or condenser, and the cooling operation cannot be started as it is, but the temperature of the absorbing liquid extracted from the absorber is reduced. If cooling water is passed after the temperature is measured and this temperature becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the cooling operation can be smoothly performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing an embodiment of a cooling / heating automatic switching device in an absorption chiller-heater of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flow sheet showing another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow sheet showing another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flow sheet showing another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow sheet showing still another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flow sheet showing an example of a conventional absorption chiller-heater.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Upper Low Temperature Body 2 Low Temperature Regenerator 3 Condenser 5 Lower Low Temperature Body 6 Evaporator 7 Absorber 8 High Temperature Regenerator 13 Combustion Device 19 Absorption Liquid Pipeline 21 Refrigerant Vapor Pipeline 31 Refrigerant Liquid Pipeline 38 Cold / Hot Water Extraction Pipeline 39 Cooling water supply conduit 41 Cooling water discharge conduit 46 Refrigerant liquid conduit 60 Manual cooling / heating switching valve 62 Refrigerant vapor conduit 64 Water heater 66 Refrigerant drain conduit 68 Temperature detector 70 Hot water extraction conduit 72 Temperature detector 74 Fuel adjustment Valve 76 Deviation value determiner 80 Hot water three-way control valve 82 Bypass pipeline 84 Flow rate control valve 86 Absorbing fluid pipeline 88 Cooling / heating automatic switching valve 90 Heat exchanger 92 Hot water supply branch pipeline 94 Hot water extraction branch pipeline 96 Orifice plate 98 Cooling Water blow valve 100 Blow piping 102 Water quality detector 104 Flow rate control valve 106 Temperature detector 108 Temperature detector 110 Temperature detector 112 The amount adjuster

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. When switching from hot water withdrawal operation to cold water withdrawal operation or simultaneous cold and hot water withdrawal operation, the temperature of the absorbing liquid withdrawn from the absorber (7) is measured, and when this temperature falls below a predetermined temperature, cooling water is passed through. Then, the cooling / heating automatic switching method in the absorption chiller-heater is characterized in that the cooling water extraction operation is started. 2. When switching from the hot water extraction operation to the cold water extraction operation or the simultaneous cold / hot water extraction operation, at least one of the cooling water temperature of the absorber (7) and the cooling water temperature of the condenser (3) is measured, and the temperature is measured. A method for automatically switching between cooling and heating in an absorption chiller-heater, characterized in that cooling water is passed when the temperature falls below a predetermined temperature. 3. A cooling water blow valve (9) connected to a cooling water supply pipe (39) until the cooling water drops to a predetermined temperature.
The cooling / heating automatic switching method in the absorption chiller-heater according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the cooling water in the absorber (7) and the condenser (3) is lowered by opening 8). 4. An absorption chiller-heater equipped with an evaporator (6), an absorber (7), a condenser (3), a low temperature regenerator (2) and a high temperature regenerator (8), wherein a cooling water supply line is provided. A cooling water cutoff valve (104) or a cooling water pump is provided in (39), a temperature detector (106) is installed in the absorption liquid conduit (19), and a cooling water supply conduit (39) near the absorber (7). A temperature detector (108) on the cooling water discharge pipe line (41) near the condenser (3).
10) is provided, the cooling water cutoff valve (104) or the cooling water pump, and the temperature detectors (106), (108), (110).
At least one of the above is connected via a controller (112) to an automatic cooling / heating switching device in an absorption chiller-heater.