JPH0533563Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Field of Application] This invention relates to a pressurized air envelope for civil engineering and construction work, etc., which has a mixed gas breathing device.

[Prior art]

Diving into the deep sea where high pressure acts while breathing compressed air can cause various disorders such as nitrogen sickness and oxygen poisoning, so as a countermeasure, breathing helium mixed gas, neon mixed gas, or hydrogen mixed gas is recommended. It is known to be used as a gas. The same is true for pressurized air submersibles used in civil engineering and construction work, etc. In the case of pressurized air submersibles, the compressed air pressure in the work room is 3 kg/cm to keep the work room dry and maintain the atmospheric pressure in the work room. ² or above, give workers in the work room a mixed gas such as helium, nitrogen, oxygen or neon, nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen, a ternary gas of nitrogen or oxygen or helium, oxygen or neon, oxygen or hydrogen, oxygen. Two methods have been proposed for breathing reconstitution gas mixtures, such as binary gases.

The first method is to compress and supply the mixed gas instead of supplying compressed air into the working chamber. The second method is to use the mixed gas only as a breathing gas and use compressed air as a working environment gas to keep the working room dry and maintain the atmospheric pressure in the working room. In this case, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of mixed gas air pipes 3 provided in the working chamber 2 of the pressure submersible box 1 are connected to a mixed gas pipe 12 provided in the ceiling slab 11 of the working room 2. Mixed gas piping 12
is connected to a mixed gas supply source via a supply pipe 14 extending through the envelope surrounding wall 13, and a breathing mask 6 worn by workers in the work room 2 is connected to the mixed gas supply pipe 3, and compressed air Supply pipe 15
is made to protrude into the working chamber 2 through the box surrounding wall 13, and a flapper valve 16 is attached to the protruding end. In FIG. 10, 17 is a material lock connected to the upper end of the material shaft 18, 4 is a manlock connected to the upper end of the man shaft 19, 49 is a load water, and 50 is a material hoistway.

[Problem that the invention attempts to solve]

The cost of mixing work when producing a mixed gas is expensive, so even a mixed gas using hydrogen, which is not expensive alone, is relatively expensive.
Mixed gases using helium and neon, which are expensive as single substances, are very expensive.

In the case of the first method, a very large amount of expensive mixed gas is used, so it is extremely uneconomical. In addition, in the case of the second method, when the worker pressurizes and depressurizes inside the manlock and when going up and down inside the manshaft 19, the worker has to breathe compressed air for a relatively long time. May cause health problems.

[Purpose of the invention, structure]

The purpose of this invention is to provide a pneumatic submersible having a mixed gas breathing device that can advantageously solve the above-mentioned problems. A plurality of mixed gas air pipes 3 are provided, and a mixed gas air pipe 5 is also provided in the manlock 4 of the pressure submarine 1, and at the end of each mixed gas air pipe 3, 5, an inhalation hose of a breathing mask 6 is connected. A common ventilation socket 9 to which a ventilation plug 8 can be connected is connected to the end of the ventilation socket 7, and the ventilation socket 9 is equipped with an on-off valve 10 that is automatically opened when the ventilation plug 8 is inserted. A pressurized pneumatic submersible having a mixed gas breathing device characterized by:

〔Example〕

Next, this invention will be explained in detail using illustrated examples.

1 to 6 show a first embodiment of this invention, in which a working chamber 2 in a pneumatic submersible 1 is shown.
A plurality of mixed gas pipes 12 are piped in parallel to the ceiling slab 11 of Gas piping 1
2 is connected to one end of a plurality of mixed gas air supply pipes 3 each consisting of a hose provided in the work chamber 2, and is further connected to a manlock provided at the upper end of a manshaft 19 having a spiral staircase 21 for raising and lowering workers. 4, the end of the supply pipe 22 connected to the mixed gas supply source and the end of the compressed air supply pipe 20 are attached, and one end of the mixed gas supply pipe 5 consisting of a hose provided in the manlock 4. is connected to the end of the supply pipe 22.

Further, the compressed air supply pipe 15 passes through the inside of the container surrounding wall 13 and projects into the working chamber 2, and a flapper valve 16 is attached to the projecting end thereof.

One end of an inhalation hose 7 having a regulator 23, one end of an exhalation hose 25 having a back pressure valve 24, and one end of an exhalation hose 28 having a back pressure valve 26 and an on-off valve 27 are connected to the respiratory mask 6, A ventilation plug 8 having an annular locking groove 29 on its outer periphery is connected to the other ends of the intake hose 7 and the exhalation hose 25.

The mixed gas air pipe 3 and the mixed gas air pipe 5
A common ventilation socket 9 into which the ventilation plug 8 is inserted and connected is connected to the other end. To explain the structure of this ventilation socket 9, a spring 3 is inserted into a socket main body 31 having a plug receiving hole 30.
2 is provided with an on-off valve 10 that is pressed against a valve seat 33, and a valve-opening member 35 that is pressed by a vent plug 8 is fixed to the on-off valve 10, and is provided on the peripheral wall of the plug receiving portion of the socket body 31. A locking ball 36 is fitted into the engagement hole, and a locking sleeve 37 having a large inner diameter portion and a small inner diameter portion is slidably fitted onto the outer periphery of the plug receiving portion.

As shown in FIG. 6, when the large inner diameter portion of the sleeve 37 is arranged to face the locking sphere 36, the ventilation plug 8 can be inserted into and removed from the plug receiving hole 30, and the ventilation plug 8 can be inserted into and removed from the plug receiving hole 30. 8 is inserted into the plug receiving hole 30, the opening/closing valve 10 is pressed and opened by the ventilation plug 8 via the valve opening member 35, and in this state, the locking sleeve 37 is opened as shown in FIG. When the small inner diameter portion is engaged with the locking sphere 36, the ventilation plug 8 is locked in the state inserted into the plug receiving hole 30.

Next, using the apparatus of the first embodiment, the operating sequence from the start of pressurization to depressurization after work will be described.

(1) When workers enter Manrock 4, they first pressurize it with compressed air and then breathe the compressed air, just as they would in a normal pressurized caisson.

(2) When the pressure inside the manlock 4 reaches approximately 3 kg/cm ² , the worker puts on the breathing mask 6 and connects the ventilation plug 8 of the intake hose 7 of the breathing mask 6 to the mixed gas inside the manlock 4. It is connected to the ventilation socket 9 of the air supply pipe 5 to breathe the mixed gas and discharge exhaled air from the exhalation hose 28 into the manlock 4.

(3) Pressurize the inside of the manlock 4 with compressed air to a pressure equal to the pressure inside the work chamber 2.

(4) Portable cylinder 3 filled with mixed gas by a worker
8 on his back, remove the ventilation plug 8 of the intake hose 7 attached to the respirator 6 from the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas supply pipe 5, and insert the ventilation plug 8 into the ventilation socket of the mixed gas supply hose 39 attached to the cylinder 38. At the same time, the ventilation plug 8 of the exhalation hose 25 attached to the breathing mask 6 is connected to the ventilation socket 9 of the reflux hose 40 attached to the cylinder 38.

(5) A worker climbs the spiral staircase 21 inside the man shaft 19 while breathing the mixed gas in the cylinder 38.
Go through it and go down into work room 2.

(6) Inside the work room 2, remove the ventilation plug of the intake hose 7 attached to the breathing mask 6 from the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas supply hose 39 attached to the cylinder 38, and insert the ventilation plug 8 into the work room 2. Connect to the ventilation socket 9 of a certain mixed gas air pipe 3.

(7) A worker connects the supply pipe 14 from the mixed gas supply source to
While breathing the mixed gas sent through the mixed gas pipe 12 and the mixed gas feed pipe 3, the operator operates the excavator 41 and performs other work inside the box.

(8) After the worker finishes working inside the box, remove the ventilation plug 8 of the intake hose 7 attached to the breathing mask 6 from the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas supply pipe 3 in the work room 2, and remove the ventilation plug 8 cylinder 3
Connect to the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas air supply hose 39 attached to the 8.

(9) The worker moves into the manlock 4 through the spiral staircase 21 in the manshaft 19 while breathing the mixed gas in the cylinder 38.

(10) Inside the manlock 4, a worker removes the ventilation plug 8 of the intake hose 7 attached to the respirator 6 from the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas supply hose 39 attached to the cylinder 38, and removes the ventilation plug 8 from the manlock 4. Connect to the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas air pipe 5 located inside.

(11) While breathing the mixed gas sent from the mixed gas supply source through the supply pipe 22, the manlock 4 is depressurized.

(12) When the pressure inside the manlock 4 drops to approximately 3 kg/cm ² , the worker removes the breathing mask 6 and breathes compressed air inside the manlock 4.

(13) The worker completes the depressurization while breathing compressed air inside Manlock 4.

It is known that when the pressure inside the manlock drops to about 1.8Kg/cm ² , oxygen breathing can be used at the same time to shorten the decompression time without causing oxygen poisoning. When the pressure inside the respiratory mask 4 has decreased to about 1.8 kg/cm ² , the gas to be supplied to the breathing mask 6 may be switched from the mixed gas to oxygen to complete the depressurization.

FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of this invention, in which a mixed gas pipe 43 extending vertically across the inside of the man shaft 19 and the inside of the worker hoistway 42 in the ceiling slab 11 is connected to the man shaft 19.
The mixed gas pipe 43 is connected to one end of a large number of mixed gas air pipes 44 made of hoses at intervals in the vertical direction, and the other end of the mixed gas air pipe 44 is connected to a ventilation socket 9. The mixed gas pipe 43 is connected to a mixed gas supply source via a supply pipe 45, but the other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment.

In the case of the second embodiment, when the worker goes up and down between the manlock 4 and the work room 2, he does not use the portable cylinder 38, but connects the ventilation plug 8 of the intake hose 7 attached to the breathing mask 6. Manshaft 1
The mixed gas air supply pipes 44 are connected to the ventilation sockets 9 in sequence and moved up and down.

FIG. 8 shows a third embodiment of this invention, in which the manlock 4 is connected to the manshaft 19 near the ceiling slab 11, and the length of the mixed gas air pipe 5 in the manlock 4 is the same as that of the work chamber 2. Although the length is such that it can be extended to the inside, the other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment.

In the case of the third embodiment, when a worker ascends and descends in a manshaft 19 that is open to atmospheric pressure and enters and exits a manlock 4 provided near the ceiling slab 11, and enters the work room 2 from the manlock 4, First, a worker pressurizes the mixed gas while breathing the mixed gas inside the manlock 4 using the mixed gas supply pipe 5 and breathing mask 6. After the pressurization is completed, the worker leaves the working room 4 with the breathing mask 6 installed. After descending into the room, the intake hose 7 attached to the breathing mask 6 is installed inside the work room 2.
Remove the ventilation plug 8 from the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas air pipe 5, then connect the ventilation plug 8 to the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas air pipe 3 located inside the work chamber 2, and work inside the work chamber 2. Let's do it.

After the worker finishes work in the work room 2, remove the ventilation plug 8 of the intake hose 7 attached to the breathing mask 6 from the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas supply pipe 3 in the work room 2, and After connecting the manlock to the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas supply pipe 5 hanging from the manlock 4, the worker ascends into the worker hoistway 42 and enters the manlock 4 to reduce the pressure inside the manlock 4.

FIG. 9 shows a fourth embodiment of this invention, in which a frame 47 to which a hoist 46 is attached is fixed to the upper end of the man shaft 19, and the hoist 46 is fixed to the upper end of the man shaft 19.
6, the cage 48 is raised and lowered between the inside of the manlock 4 and the frame 47 through the manshaft 19, but the other constructions are the same as in the third embodiment.

In the case of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the problem of the conventional case can be solved because the worker can breathe the mixed gas during pressurization, depressurization, and when moving up and down in the shaft. . Also the second
In the case of the embodiment, since the portable cylinder 38 is not used, there is no restriction on the time limit for use of the cylinder, and therefore it is possible to sufficiently cope with pressure-filled diving boxes at great depths. Even if you are injured and cannot climb up on your own, you can breathe the mixed gas inside the manshaft 19 without being subject to time restrictions.

In the case of the first and second embodiments, the worker must move up and down the manshaft 19 under high pressure (the same pressure as in the work chamber), so he must carry the portable cylinder 38 on his back and move the manshaft 19 up and down.
The ventilation plugs 8 of the intake hoses 7 attached to the breathing mask 6 must be successively connected and converted to the ventilation sockets 9 of the large number of mixed gas supply pipes 44 provided inside the mask, which is complicated and requires the use of a portable cylinder 38. Alternatively, it is necessary to install a mixed gas supply facility in the man shaft 19 consisting of a pipe 43 and a large number of mixed gas supply pipes 44.
In the case of the embodiment and the fourth embodiment, since the worker can move up and down inside the manshaft 19 which is open to atmospheric pressure, the above-mentioned problems in the case of the first embodiment and the second embodiment can be solved. Moreover, since the worker does not have to go up and down inside the manshaft 19 under high pressure, the risk of contracting the disease is further reduced.

In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a worker can move up and down the manshaft 19 under atmospheric pressure at high speed using an elevator, so it is suitable for a deep pneumatic submersible.

Next, the characteristics of the base gas used in the mixed gas will be explained.

Regarding thermal conductivity, which affects the dissipation of body heat, hydrogen is about 7 times that of air, and helium is about 6 times that of air.
Neon is about twice as strong as air. Furthermore, when a worker speaks while wearing a breathing mask equipped with a microphone, sound distortion occurs with hydrogen and helium, but almost none with neon.

Regarding breathing resistance, neon has a lower resistance than air, helium has a lower breathing resistance than neon, and hydrogen has a lower breathing resistance than helium. In addition, in the case of helium, the anesthetic effect that gives workers a feeling of intoxication similar to nitrogen narcosis is 9 kg /
Symptoms appear when pressure exceeds cm ² and 13Kg/
Symptoms occur when the pressure exceeds cm ² , and neon has some narcotic properties to a lesser extent than air, while hydrogen has almost no narcotic properties.

Regarding safety, hydrogen has the risk of catching fire and exploding, but helium and neon are safe because they are inert. Furthermore, in terms of price, hydrogen is the cheapest, helium is expensive, and neon is the most expensive.

Therefore, the base gas to be used for the mixed gas may be determined by considering each of the above-mentioned characteristics.

[Effect of idea]

According to this invention, a plurality of mixed gas air pipes 3 are provided in the working chamber 2 of the pneumatic submersible 1, and a mixed gas air pipe 5 is also provided in the manlock 4 of the pneumatic submersible 1, and each mixed gas air pipe 3,
A common ventilation socket 9 to which a ventilation plug 8 connected to the end of the intake hose 7 of the breathing mask 6 can be connected is connected to the end of the work chamber 2.
When working inside and pressurizing inside manlock 4,
In either case of depressurization, the worker can breathe the mixed gas, and therefore the worker will not be breathing compressed air for a long time under high pressure, so the worker will not be exposed to health problems such as nitrogen sickness or oxygen poisoning. In addition, the ventilation plug 8 of the intake hose 7 attached to the breathing mask 6 can be inserted into the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas supply pipe 3 in the work chamber 2 and in the manlock 4. The connection can be quickly made to the ventilation socket 9 of the mixed gas supply pipe 5, and the opening/closing valve 10 in the ventilation socket 9 is opened only when the ventilation plug 8 is inserted into the ventilation socket 9. Wasteful consumption of mixed gas can be prevented. In addition, especially in the case of this device, since the mixed gas supply pipe 5 is provided in the manlock 4, it is possible to shift to mixed gas breathing after reaching a certain pressure at the pressurization stage. Effects such as being able to prevent workers from suffering health problems such as decompression sickness due to breathing high-pressure air inside the manlock 4 can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 6 show the first embodiment of this invention, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional side view of a pressure-filled box equipped with a mixed gas breathing device, and Figure 2 is a mixed gas pipe on the ceiling of the work room. and a plan view showing the arrangement of compressed air supply pipes, Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the connection state when breathing a mixed gas from a mixed gas supply pipe with a breathing mask, and Fig. 4 is a plan view showing the connection state when breathing a mixed gas from a mixed gas supply pipe with a breathing mask. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional side view showing the state in which the ventilation plug and vent socket are connected, and Fig. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the state in which the ventilation plug and the vent socket are separated. FIG. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal side view showing a pneumatic submersible box having a mixed gas breathing device according to the second embodiment of this invention, and FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a pneumatic submersible case having a mixed gas breathing device according to the third embodiment of this invention. Figure, No. 9
The figure is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a mixed gas breathing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal side view showing a pneumatic envelope having a conventional mixed gas breathing device. In the figure, 1 is a pressure case, 2 is a work chamber, 3 is a mixed gas air pipe, 4 is a manlock, 5 is a mixed gas air pipe, 6 is a breathing mask, 7 is an intake hose, 8 is a ventilation plug, and 9 is a ventilation socket. , 10 is an on-off valve,
11 is a ceiling slab, 12 is a mixed gas pipe, 14 is a supply pipe, 15 is a compressed air supply pipe, 19 is a man shaft, 20 is a compressed air supply pipe, 21 is a spiral staircase for work elevation, 22 is a supply pipe, 25 and 28 is an exhalation hose, 30 is a plug receiving hole, 32 is a spring, 35
is a valve opening member, 36 is a locking sphere, 37 is a locking sleeve, 38 is a portable cylinder, 39 is a mixed gas supply hose, 40 is a reflux hose, 43 is a mixed gas pipe, and 44 is a mixed gas supply pipe. be.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A plurality of mixed gas air pipes 3 are provided in the working chamber 2 of the pneumatic submersible 1, and a mixed gas air pipe 5 is also provided within the manlock 4 of the pneumatic submersible 1, and the ends of each mixed gas air pipe 3, 5 are provided. is connected to a common ventilation socket 9 to which a ventilation plug 8 connected to the end of the intake hose 7 of the respiratory mask 6 can be connected, and the ventilation socket 9 is automatically opened when the ventilation plug 8 is inserted. 1. A pneumatic submersible having a mixed gas breathing device, characterized in that it is equipped with an on-off valve 10 that is configured to operate as an open/close valve.