JPH0538522A - Combined forming method and this apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide combined forming method, in which high precise bending work is executed to a material to be worked and crack is not developed and strain-releasing work is made to unnecessary. CONSTITUTION:For example, laser beam as beam for heating, irradiates the part executing bending work in the material W to be worked, and by partially heating this part to high temp., plastic deformation is developed, and after executing the rough bending to the material W to be worked, to the rough bent part in the material W to be worked, the bending work is made to execute with e.g. a press brake 3 as a bending machine. Then, at the time of executing the bending to the bending part in the material W to be worked, the bending part in the material W to be worked is desirable to be high temp.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composite forming method and apparatus for performing bending by subjecting a material to be processed to thermal stress by a heating beam such as a laser beam, a plasma or an electron beam to cause plastic deformation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, of the materials to be processed, for example, when a metal plate having a high bending strength such as high-strength steel is subjected to bending, it is almost impossible to perform it by cold bending. It is performed by hot working such as forging. In addition, at present, the bending structure is not used at the time of designing, and the bending process is avoided as the welding structure.

Further, even a material having a small bending strength and brittle at room temperature cannot be processed by cold bending.

Further, when bending a usual work material such as stainless steel, it is merely performed by mechanical bending work.

[0005]

By the way, in the above-described conventional bending of high-strength steel or the like, in the bending process by forging or the welding process, the working accuracy is poor due to the influence of deformation due to heat deflection, and moreover, cracking is likely to occur. However, there has been a problem that the work for removing the strain is required and the finishing must be performed by machining.

Further, there is a problem that when a normal work material is mechanically bent, the outer portion of the bent portion has a curved surface and cannot be bent sharply.

The object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned problems. In particular, when bending a work material such as a material which is brittle at high tension or at room temperature, it is possible to obtain a high processing accuracy and to prevent cracks. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite forming method and an apparatus for the same, which enables the bending without removing the strain removal work and allows the bent portion to be sharply bent.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention irradiates a portion of a material to be bent with a heating beam and locally heats it to a high temperature to cause plastic deformation. The composite forming method is characterized in that after bending the work piece at least, the bending part of the work piece is further bent by a bending machine.

In the above-mentioned composite forming method, when the bending portion of the workpiece is bent by the bending machine, it is desirable that the bending portion of the workpiece be at a high temperature.

Also, the present invention is characterized in that the bending portion of the workpiece is bent by a bending machine while irradiating the heating beam to the bending portion of the workpiece. It is a molding method.

Further, the composite forming apparatus is movable between a press brake that bends a work piece by cooperation of a punch and a die, and a lower end position of the punch and a retracted position of the press brake. In addition, a heating processing head that is movable to irradiate a heating beam along the longitudinal direction of the material to be processed is provided. ..

Further, as the composite forming apparatus, a plate pressing lower mold for pressing the work material and a plate pressing upper mold for vertically moving are provided, and the end portion of the work material is bent so as to be freely bendable. A bending machine equipped with a mold and X, Y for irradiating a heating beam above the bending portion of the work material
And a heating processing head that is movable in the axial direction.

[0013]

By applying the composite forming method and the apparatus thereof according to the present invention, when the heating beam is applied to the portion of the workpiece to be bent, the bent portion is locally heated to a high temperature and plastically deformed. Occurs and is bent. By further bending the bent bending portion with a bending machine, it is possible to obtain high-precision processing accuracy for the work material. Further, the work material is less likely to crack, and it is not necessary to perform the straining work. Moreover, this processing method is particularly effective for bending a work material such as high-strength steel or a material brittle at room temperature.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the composite forming apparatus 1 includes a press brake 3 as a bending machine and a laser processing head 5 for irradiating a laser beam as a heating beam. I have it. A laser nozzle 7 is provided at the tip of the laser processing head 5.

Since the press brake 3 is well known, it will be described in brief. A lower table 9 which is vertically moved by a hydraulic cylinder is provided at a lower portion of a side frame (not shown), and an upper portion of the side frame is provided. An upper table 11 is fixed to the. A die D is provided on the upper part of the lower table 9, and a bolt 15 is provided on the lower part of the upper table 11 via an intermediate plate 13.
The punch P is attached at a position corresponding to the die D.

With the above construction, as shown in FIG. 2, the workpiece W is placed on the die D and the lower table 9 is moved up and down, whereby the punch P and the die D cooperate with each other to perform bending. Will be done.

On the left side of the upper table 11 is a direction (X-axis direction) orthogonal to the paper surface in FIGS. 1 and 2.
There are provided a plurality of parallel guide rails 17 extending to each other. The guide rail 17 is provided with a movable body 19 guided by the guide rail 17 and movable in the X-axis direction. This moving body 19 is provided with a nut member 23 screwed into a ball screw 21 extending in the X-axis direction. A drive motor (not shown) is linked to one end of the ball screw 21.

When a drive motor (not shown) is driven by the above structure, the ball screw 21 is rotated and the moving body 19 is moved in the X-axis direction via the nut member 23.

A rotary shaft 25 is provided on the upper side of the moving body 19.
A fluid cylinder 27 that is rotatable is pivotally supported via. A support block 31 is attached to the tip of a piston rod 29 mounted on the fluid cylinder 27, and the first link 3 is attached to the support block 31 by a pin 33.
One end of 5 is pivotally supported so that it can rotate slightly.
A pin 37 is provided at the other end of the first link 35 to connect the second link 3
One end of 9 is stopped. The laser processing head 5 is provided on the other end of the second link 39 via a bracket 41.

One ends of third and fourth links 43 and 45 which are parallel to each other are fixed to the moving body 19 by pins 47 and 49, and the other ends of the third and fourth links 43 and 45 are pin 51. , 53, which are fastened to one end of the fifth link 55 and approximately the middle portion. The first link 35 is also fixed to the fifth link 55 by a pin 53. Further, one end of the sixth link 59 is stopped by the pin 57 at the other end of the fifth link 55, and the other end of the sixth link 59 is stopped by the second link 39 by the pin 61.

On the other hand, the upper table 11 has rollers 6
3 is attached with bolts 65. As shown in FIG. 3, a V-shaped roller 67 is rotatably supported in the upper portion of the laser processing head 5.

With the above construction, the laser processing head 5 is in the retracted position as shown in FIG. 2, and when the workpiece W is bent by the laser beam, the laser processing head 5 is moved to the punch P as shown in FIG. Positioned at the bottom. That is, when the fluid cylinder 27 is operated in the state shown in FIG. 2, the piston rod 29 is extended downward. The piston rod 29 is extended downward and the first link 35 is lowered. Due to the lowering of the first link 35, the third and fourth links 43, 4 which are parallel links.
5 is rotated counterclockwise in FIG. 2 with pins 47 and 49 as fulcrums. The third and fourth links 43, 45
By the rotation of, the fifth link 55 and the second link 39 descend while maintaining parallelism by the first and sixth links 35 and 59, and continue descending until the second link 39 hits the roller 63. At this time, the first link 35 and the sixth link 59
The dimension L between them is fixed by bolts 69 provided on the first and sixth links 35, 59.

When the second link 39 hits the roller 63,
With the pin 53 as a fulcrum, the force of the fluid cylinder 27 is applied to the laser processing head 5 side, the second link 39 moves slightly upward, and the center of the roller 67 provided on the laser processing head 5 contacts the tip of the punch P. Laser processing head 5
Is positioned at the lower end of the punch P, and the state shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.

When the state of FIG. 1 is returned to the state of FIG. 2, the fluid cylinder 27 is operated and the piston rod 29 is contracted, whereby the operation opposite to the above-described operation is performed.

When the work W placed on the die D is bent, the laser processing head 5 is positioned on the lower end of the punch P based on the above-described operation so as to be in the state shown in FIG. To do. In the state shown in FIG. 1, a laser beam oscillated from a laser oscillator (not shown) is radiated from the laser nozzle 7 toward the workpiece W, and the moving body 19 is irradiated with X.
By moving the workpiece W in the axial direction, the laser beam is irradiated in the longitudinal direction of the bent portion of the workpiece W.

That is, by irradiating the laser beam,
The back surface of the bent portion of the workpiece W is locally heated to a high temperature, and the heat gradually diffuses into the bent portion. Thus, thermal stress is applied only to the bent portion to cause plastic deformation, and the bent portion is bent with the irradiation direction of the laser beam inward. Thus, the outer side of the bent portion is sharply bent. It should be noted that the moving body 1 is kept until the bending angle of the bent portion due to the irradiation of the laser beam becomes a desired angle.
9 can be repeatedly reciprocated in the X-axis direction.

Next, in a state where the laser processing head 5 is retracted to the retracted position, mechanical bending is performed by cooperation of the punch P and the die D. As a result, the sharp bent portion bent by the irradiation of the laser beam on the outer side of the bent portion is kept small even by machining, and can be bent sharper than before.

In this way, the bending portion of the workpiece W is irradiated with the laser beam, and the bending portion is locally heated to a high temperature to cause plastic deformation. By performing the mechanical bending process in cooperation with the die D, it is possible to obtain the processing precision with high accuracy. That is, since the pressing force required during mechanical bending is smaller than in the conventional case and the springback return amount is smaller than in the conventional case, an accurate bending angle can be obtained. Further, since the bending process is performed later, the number of laser beam irradiations can be reduced.

Among the materials W to be processed, in particular, for bending the high-strength steel or the material brittle at room temperature, after performing the bending by the local heating by the irradiation of the laser beam, the mechanical processing is performed. The bending method that performs simple bending is the easiest and most effective.

Further, the temperature for locally raising the temperature by irradiating the laser beam is preferably the eutectoid transformation (A ₁ transformation point) or higher, for example, in the case of mild steel or the like, the red heat temperature at 800 ° C. or higher. is there.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment, which is an alternative to the above-mentioned embodiment. In FIG. 4, the composite forming apparatus 1 includes, for example, an ironing and bending machine 71 and a laser processing head 73 as a bending machine. Since the ironing and bending machine 71 is already known, the work table 75 will be described briefly.
A plate pressing lower die 77 for pressing the workpiece W at one end of the
And a plate pressing upper mold 79 which is vertically movable by, for example, a fluid cylinder or the like is provided above the plate pressing lower mold 77. Further, in FIG. 4, a rotary shaft 81 extending in a direction orthogonal to the paper surface (X-axis direction) is provided, and the rotary shaft 81 has a rotatable bending die for bending the workpiece W. 83 are supported.

With the above structure, the workpiece W is loaded onto the work table 75 and placed on the plate pressing lower die 77. Next, when the plate pressing upper die 79 is lowered, the workpiece W is pressed by the plate pressing lower die 77 and the plate pressing upper die 79. Then, by rotating the rotary shaft 81, the bending die 83 is rotated in the clockwise direction, so that the one end side of the workpiece W is bent.

A supporting member 85 is provided above the bent portion of the workpiece W so as to extend in the X-axis direction. The support member 85 is provided with a plurality of parallel guide rails 87 extending in the X-axis direction. This guide rail 87 is provided with an X-axis carriage 89 that is movable in the X-axis direction, and a plurality of guide rails 91 are moved in the left-right direction (Y-axis direction) in FIG. 4 below the X-axis carriage 89. A free Y-axis carriage 93 is provided. Further, this Y-axis carriage 93 is shown in FIG.
The laser processing head 73 that is movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) is provided, and a laser nozzle 95 is provided at the tip of the laser processing head 73.

With the above structure, the X-axis carriage 89 is guided by the guide rail 87 and moved in the X-axis direction, and the Y-axis carriage 93 is guided by the guide rail 91 and slightly moved in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, the laser processing head 73 is moved in the X and Y axis directions as well as in the Z axis direction.

The workpiece W is placed on the plate retainer lower die 77 and the plate retainer upper die 79 is lowered so that the workpiece W is separated by the plate retainer lower die 77 and the plate retainer upper die 79. The workpiece W is pressed down. In this state, a laser beam oscillated from a laser oscillator (not shown) is irradiated downward from the laser nozzle 95 and the X-axis carriage 89 is moved in the X-axis direction, so that the laser beam bends in the workpiece W. Irradiate in the longitudinal direction of the part.

That is, by irradiating the laser beam,
The surface of the bent portion of the workpiece W is locally heated to a high temperature, and the heat gradually diffuses into the inside of the bent portion. Thus, thermal stress is applied only to the bent portion to cause plastic deformation, and the bent portion is bent with the irradiation direction of the laser beam inward.

Then, as the rotary shaft 81 is rotated, the bending die 83 is rotated in the clockwise direction, so that the bending portion of the workpiece W is subjected to desired bending. Therefore, also in this embodiment, the same effect as that of the above-described embodiment is obtained.

Further, in FIG. 4, the laser processing head 7
It is also possible to irradiate the laser beam from the laser nozzle 75 of No. 3 to the bending portion of the workpiece W, and to rotate the bending die 83 while locally heating the bending portion to a high temperature to perform bending processing. It is possible. That is, mechanical bending is immediately performed while the bent portion of the workpiece W is heated and not cooled.

Further, after performing the bending process with the laser beam, when performing the bending process again with the bending machine, it is possible to irradiate the laser beam and perform the bending process in a heated state.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be implemented in other modes by making appropriate changes. In this embodiment, an example in which a laser beam is used as the heating beam has been described, but plasma, electron beam, or the like can also be used.

[0042]

As can be understood from the above description of the embodiments, according to the present invention, since the structure is as described in the claims, the bent portion of the work material is sharp. It is possible to obtain a high-precision processing accuracy by bending it to the right, and it is possible to eliminate cracks and eliminate strain removal work.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a composite forming apparatus that bends a material to be processed with a press brake and a laser processing head.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of an operation when a work piece is bent by the composite forming apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by an arrow III in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a composite forming apparatus for performing bending on a work material by an ironing and bending machine and a laser processing head of another embodiment replacing FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Composite Forming Machine 3 Press Brake (Bending Machine) 5 Laser Processing Head 7 Laser Renozzle 71 Ironing Bending Machine 73 Laser Processing Head 77 Plate Pressing Lower Mold 79 Plate Pressing Upper Mold 83 Bending Mold P Punch D Die

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location B23P 23/04 7041-3C

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A bending beam of a work material is irradiated with a heating beam, locally heated to a high temperature to cause plastic deformation, and then the work material is bent.
A composite forming method, characterized in that the bending portion of the workpiece is further bent by a bending machine. 2. The composite forming method according to claim 1, wherein when the bending portion of the workpiece is bent by a bending machine, the bending portion of the workpiece is at a high temperature. 3. A composite forming method, wherein the bending portion of the workpiece is bent by a bending machine while irradiating the bending portion for bending the workpiece with a heating beam. 4. A press brake that bends a work piece by cooperation of a punch and a die, and a press brake that is movable between a lower end position of the punch and a retracted position of the press brake and that of the work piece. A composite molding apparatus comprising: a heating processing head that is movable to irradiate a heating beam along the longitudinal direction. 5. A bending machine provided with a plate pressing lower mold for pressing a work material and a plate pressing upper mold which can move up and down, and a rotatable bending mold for bending an end of the work material. And a heating processing head which is located above the bending portion of the workpiece and is movable in the X- and Y-axis directions so as to irradiate the heating beam, and a composite forming apparatus.