JPH05508492A - Electric vehicle toll collection device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] ・East・　and direction゛ l bean skin 1j TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates generally to vehicle toll collection devices, and more particularly, to automated vehicle toll collection systems. The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for performing contactless high-speed collection.

An increasing number of vehicles are traveling on increasingly congested highways. Charges by conventional means Levy has a negative impact on highway throughput and safety. Toll collection Overcrowding and long stagnation in shopping plazas are becoming more and more common. Such a condition is In addition, including significant economic costs and reduced productivity through lost time, Serious accidents at toll collection plazas caused by operator or machine errors The frequency is also increasing.

The prescribed toll collection authority may provide a coin-operated toll collection system or Visually mark each incoming vehicle with the appropriate toll plate or sticker. attempts have been made to address these issues by providing a fare plate system that inspects . However, coin-operated toll collection systems do little to increase throughput. Fare plate systems are vulnerable to fraud through the use of counterfeit coins. A similar defect is encountered and decreases rapidly while the respective vehicle is in the visual inspection area. request to speed up. These systems also rely considerably on the attentiveness of toll collectors. Exists.

In addition, multiple systems use radio frequency identification (RF) for toll collection purposes. using 1nd identification, RFID) technology. It is proposed to Under these systems, the driver is a reflective transmitter or or act as an individual transmitter, acquire a tag or card, which collects tolls. Vehicles are identified by serial numbers as they pass through the booth. This technology is an automatic car Both identification (automatic vehicle 1 identification) , also called AVRI.

This system also encounters multiple deficiencies. To elaborate, radio frequency identification tags Since there is no machine intelligence processor for regular operation and storage, toll collection authorities A separate charge account must be maintained for every user of the system; This is particularly burdensome in urban areas or in bands with high toll traffic. There are several toll collection authorities. It is necessary to manage hundreds of separate accounts and the operation of an automatic vehicle identification system. This is the burden caused by

Furthermore, radio frequency identification tags do not have a processor or user interface. As a result, vehicle operators cannot easily check account balances and are therefore limited or unable to use the vehicle. There are no warnings about unfulfilled credits.

This can lead to confusion and potential when drivers cross into traditional toll lanes without paying attention. create a real safety risk.

In addition, in the absence of a single national tolling authority, each driver concerned must have multiple cards, each corresponding to a separate tolling authority account. It will be necessary to

Radio frequency identification systems also require the generation and storage of detailed vehicle-specific trip records. This also raises the issue of user privacy.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved toll system which considerably increases the traffic capacity of the road. An object of the present invention is to provide a collection method and device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a toll system that increases highway safety and speeds up toll collection. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for collecting money.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system that is convenient to use and that allows multiple toll collection authorities to It is an object of the present invention to provide such a method and apparatus to support toll collection by.

Yet another object of the present invention is to reduce administrative burden and reduce administrative burden on users and toll collection authorities. Facilitate the generation of transaction or processing reports for To provide a toll collection device that protects the privacy of users.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide reliable and resistant to fraud or toll evasion attempts. By providing a toll collection system that is easily integrated with existing toll management equipment, be.

Other general and specific objects of the invention will become apparent in part and in part below. It can be stated.

I1 standing 11 The above purpose is to automatically collect tolls from vehicles moving at high speed on roads. This is accomplished by the present invention, which provides a method and apparatus.

One aspect of the present invention is to provide a first toll facility where vehicles can pass to collect tolls; , the amount of money available for deduction in toll processing at the approaching toll facility. a vehicle fare processor having a memory for storing a representing fare-money availability signal; Equipped with. Initially, the rate processor outputs the initial rate - money available value at the rate facility. A total charge signal representing .

A first toll membrane** separate area that corresponds to the first toll facility collection area and is far from it , there is a toll schedule corresponding to (i) the location of the first toll facility and (ii) the road. Alternatively, the first toll facility identification signal that uniquely displays the list is transmitted. The moving vehicle In response to approaching the first toll facility identification area, the vehicle toll processor identifies the first toll facility identification area. receiving and storing the first toll facility identification signal; and in response to the first toll facility identification signal; Calculate the amount of toll to be deducted at the first toll facility.

In detail, the vehicle toll processor stores the calculated toll amount and the in-vehicle processor. Compare the paid toll minus the money available signal and determine the amount by the toll minus the money available signal. Test whether the monetary amount displayed is greater than or equal to the calculated fee amount. do. The vehicle toll processor provides the vehicle operator with access to the first automated toll facility. It responds to the selection of this comparison by providing a signal indicative of permission for use.

Subsequently, when the vehicle passes through the first toll collection area, the first toll collection The area instructs the vehicle toll processor to subtract the calculated toll amount from its memory. sends a toll collection signal commanding the toll collection. Vehicle toll processor calculates tolls subtract the amount from its memory and reduce the fee-money available signal value according to the deducted amount. respond by In addition, the Vehicle Toll Processor can be used in the toll facility collection area. Send a confirmation signal indicating that the calculated charge amount has been deducted from memory .

In another aspect of the invention, the comparison performed by the vehicle fare processor includes input When indicating that the available toll money is less than the calculated toll amount, The toll processor informs the vehicle operator that the operator should proceed to a conventional toll collection facility. respond by providing a warning signal indicating the

Another aspect of the invention is that the toll amount is determined by the location where the vehicle enters and the location where the vehicle exits the toll road. Provides location-dependent incremental toll road operation. In this situation, the main A second toll facility located far from the first toll facility and a second toll facility collection area a corresponding and remote second toll facility identification area. Second The toll facility identification area corresponds to (i) the location of the second toll facility and (if) the road. A second toll facility identification signal that uniquely displays the toll schedule is transmitted.

The vehicle toll processor receives the second toll facility identification signal and if the vehicle previously If the first toll collection facility has not been passed, the stored first toll facility identification. A second toll facility identification signal is written superimposed on the signal.

In another aspect of the invention, a toll collection facility identification signal, a toll collection signal and a confirmation signal are provided. The signal is a coded radio frequency signal, and the code is dynamically changed to prevent fraud. Reduce the possibility of deception or convey alternative selection information.

Although the invention will be described below in connection with certain illustrative embodiments, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art will For example, various modifications, additions and deletions may be made without departing from the spirit and idea of the present invention. It is clear that this is possible.

simple amount of For a more complete understanding of the nature and purpose of the invention, the following detailed description of the invention and Please refer to the attached drawings. here, FIG. 1 illustrates an automatic toll collection device according to the invention suitable for use on fixed toll roads. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the invention suitable for use on incremental toll roads. It is.

FIG. 3 shows in-vehicle components (IVC) used in FIG. 1 and the second embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating details.

FIG. 4 illustrates details of a To and T1 transmitter constructed in accordance with the present invention. It is a block diagram.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a T2 transmitter subsystem constructed in accordance with the present invention. It is a diagram.

FIG. 6 illustrates the execution subsystem used in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2. .

FIG. 7 illustrates a radio frequency shielding field generated by the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows the fee transaction management ( 1 is a block diagram of a TTM) device.

FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate the collection (CO) generated by the T2 transmitter according to the present invention. LLECT) signal and the confirmation signal generated by the engineering VC. Illustrate the format.

1” [1st ward plate [Operation on fixed toll roads] Figure 1 shows a construction according to the invention for use on fixed toll roads, bridges and tunnels. 0 illustrative example showing the overall structure and operation of the constructed electronic toll collection system 1o Examples include toll collection facilities or toll collection facilities at speeds between zero or about 60 miles per hour. To enable automatic collection of billing fees from vehicles moving throughout a gold mine. The vehicle is It is not necessary to stop or slow down considerably to collect tolls.

For simplicity, FIG. 1 shows only a single lane road 12, on which The direction of travel (hereinafter referred to as the down direction) for a given vehicle 14 is indicated by an arrow. more directed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention What can be done in the context of roadways, rail networks and other transport systems? It will be recognized.

The illustrated embodiment includes two main elements. The first is T1 and T2. This is a communication system with two transmitter modules. The transmitter is Usually owned by the tolling agency and located within the tolling agency's proprietary territory.

The second element is the in-vehicle toll processor or vehicle purchased or rented by the vehicle operator. or in-vehicle element (IVC) 16. As explained later, IvC16 is the amount of money available to a vehicle for withdrawal in toll collection transactions. transponder, microprocessor and memory for storing, operating and reporting The IVC collects charges, including collection of billing charges, by communicating with T1 and T2. Process debit/credit transactions related to money collection.

As indicated in FIG. /2 miles adjacent to Roadway 12, with a range of zero to approximately 16 miles. Vehicles moving at speeds between has been done. The T1 module is a “toll collection system” that identifies approaching toll plazas. In two exemplary embodiments, emitting an electromagnetic signal with a "preparation identifier" generated by T1 The signal is a radio frequency (RF) signal.

The second transmitter module T2 is located at the toll plaza, the transmitter module T2 is , toll charges by transmitting a coded collection signal 20, as will be explained below. A transmitter/sensor device that initiates a collection transaction.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, toll collection transactions occur in the following manner. vehicle Shortly before reaching the toll collection station, the toll collection facility located at the toll credit facility 17 The attendant shall enter a value in the IVC representing the initial available toll amount purchased by the vehicle operator. Load into IVC. The IVC also indicates the class of the vehicle in which the IVC is installed. A code will be imposed. (This aspect of the invention will be discussed in further detail.

) The vehicle operator places the IVC inside the vehicle and proceeds along the roadway. From the tollgate At 1/4 to 1/2 mile, the vehicle and IVC are signaled by transmitter T1. It passes through the generated radio field 19. TI radio signal 19 is approaching In one embodiment of the invention, which includes a toll code that identifies a certain toll collection facility: A toll code is a toll code for a roadway that specifies the prescribed tolls for various classes of vehicles. For IVCs used only on fixed toll roadways, including gold schedules, The schedule can be stored in I'/C.

Based on the information provided to the IVC by the T1 transmitter, the IVC Calculate the appropriate prescribed fee for the type of vehicle in which the system will be installed. IVC uses this information Read and interrogate its memory and ensure that there is sufficient available toll balance at the toll machine for that roadway. Check whether the account exists in the corresponding account. If you have an appropriate account When the available toll rate exceeds the cost of the approaching toll plaza, the IVC generates a perceptible "proceed" message on the associated visible display element and Instructs the driver that the vehicle operator may pass through the automated toll collection facility.

If the approaching toll booth fee exceeds the available fee amount for the opening account. The IVC then generates an appropriate alarm message. This means that, for example, audible Alerts and visual indicators such as "insufficient amount remaining" may be included. vehicle driving The person is thereby informed that he/she should proceed to the standard fare booth6. Assuming there is sufficient available balance in the appropriate toll authority account, the use of confirmation A signal perceivable by the operator is generated, and the vehicle and IVC are placed in the electronic toll collection lane. You will be told what to do.

Referring to Figure 1, a vehicle passes through a toll collection facility at a speed of approximately 0-60 miles per hour. The T2 transmitter then calculates the available charge amount stored in its memory. A collection signal 20 is transmitted instructing the IVC to debit the toll amount. I In response, the VC debits the calculated amount and informs transmitter T2 that the IVC applies. A confirmation signal 22 indicating that a valid debit transaction has been executed is transmitted. less than As will be described, the reader 24 at the toll collection facility has an execution light array 26. energize the green lamp.

When the fee collection transaction is completed, the available fees stored in the VC memory are: The charge will be reduced by the corresponding amount and the available charge balance remaining in your account will be displayed. shown.

+VC is a separate service provider that supports multiple tolling agency accounts, as detailed below. The available rate signals can be stored. Thus, one IVC can collect multiple tolls. This feature of the invention, which may operate with respect to toll collection by collection agencies, is useful for several types of toll collection. Especially in geographical areas with roads, bridges and tunnels controlled by public authorities. It is advantageous for

Although Figure 1 depicts only one T2 module governing a single (/in), The present invention provides multiple automation layers governed by corresponding ones of multiple T2 transmitters. It can also be implemented in conjunction with Reduces the possibility of radio frequency leakage between multiple rains to increase longitudinal discrimination between individual vehicles in a single lane. For this purpose, an RF shielding module 28 is provided. Operation and configuration of the shielding module I will discuss the structure later.

The exemplary apparatus transmits a T2 transmitter when the approach of a vehicle is detected by vehicle detector 38. Transmitter control element 30 for emitting collection signals. to receive the IVC confirmation signal. The reader 24 indicates the type of vehicle and proceeds without generating the appropriate confirmation signal. An execution light 26 that identifies the vehicle and records toll collection transactions with the toll collection agency. a toll collection transaction management (TTM) system 32 for a key that allows the vehicle operator to purchase the paid and available toll amount. A cash terminal 17 is provided. For information on the operation and functionality of these elements, I will explain in detail soon.

Thus, FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention adapted for employment on a fixed toll roadway. The present invention also provides for incremental toll vehicles, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. It can also be done on the road.

[Operations on gradual toll roads] The system 10 shown in FIG. 2 calculates tolls based on known entry and exit points. It is suitable for use on incremental toll roads, such as turn bikes.

On such roads, vehicles are routed via selected entrance and exit ramps. to enter and exit the roadway, but select a given exit and pass through the other exits. Normally, each exit Separate toll collection equipment is located at the ramp.

In the embodiment of the incremental toll collection system of the present invention, the system is integrated with the fixed toll collection system. Utilizes IVC, TI and T2, discussed above in connection. Furthermore, the instructions in Figure 2 Another transmitter, referred to as the To transmitter, is connected to the incremental toll road 12, as located adjacent to each entrance ramp 11 to. Each To transmitter is emits an entry point identifier signal 42 that uniquely identifies the corresponding entry ramp. this The signal informs the IVC of the vehicle's entry point onto the incremental toll highway. used for

When the vehicle enters the toll road, the vehicle and IVC are located at the entrance ramp position or relative to the IVC. is a radio frequency containing a coded entry point identifier signal 42 specifying the entry ramp number. Pass through several fields. The IVC stores this information in its memory element.

Approximately 1/4 to 172 miles from each exit ramp toll plaza, vehicles and IvC is approaching the Tl transmitter and identifying the approaching exit ramp toll collection facility. 1-encoded toll collection facility identifier signal; T1 signals also indicate Also identify the fee schedule. This fare schedule includes distance, cost and Includes vehicle type and cost data.

The IVC is responsive to the T1 signal data and the To entry point data stored in the IVC. Calculate the appropriate prescribed charges for vehicles with IVC installed based on the data .

The IVC reads this toll data and responds to the toll collection agency for that roadway. Check whether there is sufficient available fee balance in the account.

If the approaching toll cost is the total available toll for the associated account When the amount is exceeded, the IVC generates a message that can be recognized by the user. This mess The page may include an audible alarm and a visual indication such as "Insufficient Balance." vehicle luck Therefore, if the driver is approaching the exit ramp, the driver will be able to exit the toll road. If you choose to exit, you will be informed that you should use the standard fare booth.

The total amount of available tolls in the appropriate account is equal to or close to the cost of the upcoming toll plaza. When this is exceeded, the IVC generates a perceptible "progress" message on the display element. and the vehicle driver chooses to exit the toll road at an approaching exit ramp. If so, instruct the vehicle operator that the automated toll collection facility may proceed.

The operation of the toll collection facility is as described above in conjunction with the fixed toll embodiment of the present invention. Proceed in the same way.

The vehicle operator does not choose to exit at the approaching exit ramp and instead Instead, if you choose to pass the current exit and proceed to the subsequent exit, the vehicle and and IVCs at the next exit ramp and toll collection facilities on subsequent exit ramps. and encounters a subsequent T1 transmitter that is spaced from the facility. IVC is this new storing new T1 data in memory in response to receiving a new T1 signal; Invalidate old T1 data. However, TO population point information is retained. , the IVC will update the new rate calculation based on the TO data and the new T1 information. and perform a total available charge test. This operating cycle is passed through by the vehicle driver. Iterated for each automated exit toll collection facility that attempts to do so. To entry point information is , after receiving a T2 tolling signal at the tolling facility, or after receiving new To data. Cleared from memory after reception. Receipt of new TO data means that the vehicle will be charged incremental tolls. This is done when re-entering the collection road.

In an exemplary embodiment, the TI transmitter approaches the toll collection facility from the opposite direction. To avoid improper detection of the T1 signal by the coming IVC, approximately ]/ Located between 4 and 1 mile. In addition, it can prevent IvC approaching from the opposite direction. To ensure that T2 does not reset improperly before passing through the corresponding T2, T1 transmitter, facing towards oncoming traffic and away from traffic in the opposite direction. The angle is set so that the

[IVC Co. FIG. 3 shows details of the IVC 16. The IVC has a processing element 50 and , the associated εFROM 52 for storing the control software 53, and the available CMO3RAM for storing available charge totals and other data, and a control file. firmware 55, an RF transmitter 56 and associated antenna module 58; , RF receiver 60 and associated antenna module 62, and a user interface. a base element 66, 68, 70, a two-way communication port 64, and a power element. .

Processing element 50 determines the rate based on the rate schedule received from the T1 transmitter. A microprocessor 8086 or microprocessor capable of performing the calculations necessary to calculate the amount. It may be another microprocessor. The microprocessor will be described in detail later. control the decoding and interpretation of the coded signal in a manner that The RAM element 54 is Preferably, sufficient capacity is required to store data for a large number of tolling agency accounts. It is better to have volatile memory.

The IVC antenna 58.62 may be integrated into the antenna C, or may be associated with a cell phone. A conventional window mount, similar to that used in , a receptacle may be provided.

The user interface elements preferably include user-operated keys 66, an LCD or comprises an LED display unit 68 and an audible alarm module 70. Good.

Display and alarm elements provide visual or alarm signals when required , keys and display elements allow the vehicle operator to access the data stored in the IVCRAM. Enables you to obtain information related to the total amount of fees available for your collection agency account do. The display and user interface keys are microprocessor In conjunction with conventional EROM storage software routines to control Allows the user to view the balance of each account stored in the IVCRAM.

In one embodiment, the user interface includes two lines of 10 symbols each. It has an alphabet/numeric combination with a number arrangement.

The two-way communication boat 64 is connected to other microprocessors, including a toll agency data processor. The processor writes data to IVCRAM and reads data from the RAM. allow it to come out. Includes purchase of disputed amounts, diagnostic operations and report generation. These read/write functions will be discussed in detail later.

The power supply element is preferably replaceable by the user such as a lithium power battery A compact long-life battery 74 can be used. These elements also An on/off switch incorporating a check position can be provided.

The IVC elements illustrated in Figure 3 are conventional in design and construction and are One exemplary IV that can be configured according to known control principles for microprocessor combinations The C transponder/processor can be installed on the dash board surface or other convenient location within the vehicle. in a compact portable enclosure adapted to be removably attached to the Can be accommodated.

The combination of elements illustrated in Figure 3 allows the IVC to process fixed or escalating charges. make it possible to In addition, the IVC operates various toll collection agencies, toll collection facilities and and toll collection booths. A single IVC can support multiple toll collection agencies and the expanded capabilities needed for multiple vehicle types. Ability to adapt to incremental fee schedules.

In particular, the IVC receives, decodes and stores T1 transmitter signals; calculate the required toll amount based on the signal, store the calculated toll amount, and 2 Debit the fee calculated by the fee collection equipment in response to the collection signal from the transmitter. RVC will debit the calculated toll amount from an appropriate account and transfer the vehicle type. A confirmation signal including a confirmation of the transfer and withdrawal operation is sent.

As will be discussed in detail later, the confirmation signal is in response to the collection signal from the T2 transmitter. takes the form of a coded logical response. The confirmation signal depends on the content of the collection signal message. Exists.

After transmitting the confirmation signal, the IVC remains inactive until passing the next T1 field. It stops. IvC is thus used intermittently and only when necessary to process toll data. Consumes electricity. This feature reduces average power demand and significantly extends battery life. .

[IVc data field] In the implementation of the present invention, the fee account information stored in the IVC is related to the following information: Contains individual toll road files with data fields, i.e. size Start file 2 bits Toll collection equipment name 10 bits Previous balance 6 bits Amount withdrawn: 6 bits Credit guarantee amount 6 bits Current balance 6 bits Final file 2 bits Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be combined with other data field parameters. It will be appreciated that this can be done in the context of

Each data file is stored between the IVC and the toll collection T2 module, or between the IVC and the toll collection T2 module. and toll collection agency data processing systems, as necessary. may be created or edited. This will be described in detail later [IVC operation] situation] The positional embodiment of the present invention utilizes the following operating states.

Reed IBJjtJ tongue゛・ 0, 0 IVC off 1. OrVC switch on 1.1 When switching on, the system is inoperable due to lack of response. Ruko expresses.

1.2 When switched on, the system operates and performs a battery check. , display the rOKJ message. , emits a beep sound.

1.2.1 When switched on, the system operates and performs a battery check. , detects low battery condition and displays "Low battery" "Oil status" message is displayed. Display rOKJ message, Makes a beeping sound.

1.2.2 1VC enters dormant state, i.e. little or no power Not consumed, IVC senses the signal wait.

1, 2.3 1VC detects transmission, exits dormant state and sends coded message Ready to read.

1.2.3.1 Attempts to read message, fails 3 times, displays "Error" , "proceed" and emit a beeping sound. 1,,2.3.2 Read the message correctly and confirm the correct reading.

1. 2.3.2.1 Check whether the message is To, TI), or T2 .

1, 2.3.2.1.1. Determine that the message is To.

1, 2.3.2.1.1.1 Emit a beep and remove all currently moving data from memory. erase data , i.e. for the current behavior Erase current memory.

L2.3.2.1.1.2 Save the movement data and enter the hibernation state.

1, 2.3.2.1.2 Determine that the message is a T1 record and divide it into 2 minutes T1 of I don't read records.

1.2.3.2.1.2. l　T　1 message is a fixed force) Gradual increasing type Decide what to do.

1.2.3.2.1.2.1. l Determine that the T1 record is incremental.

1.2.3.2.1.2.1. ．． 1.1 r movement data” T in memory.

searched for and was not found.

1, 2.3.2.1.2.1.1.1.2 Makes a beep sound and indicates "Error" and "Progress" Display.

1.2.3.2.1.2.1.1.3 Enter hibernation state.

1, 2.3.2.1.2.1.1.2 Search for To in “r movement data”, record To Find the record.

1, 2.3.2゜1.2.1.1.2.1 Make a beep sound and display rOKJ, Between To record and current record Based on the comparison, it will be specified in the next T2. Calculate the flat rate and, if any, Previous T1 record in movement data j Erase.

1.2.3.2.1.2.1.1.2.2 Enter hibernation state.

1.2.3.2.1.2.1.2 Determining that TI records consist of a fixed fee type. Ru.

1, 2.3.2. L, 2. L, 2.1 Delete the previous T1 record (“Transfer”) dynamic data (if any).

1, 2.3.2.1.2.1.2.2 Makes a beep, displays roKJ, and charges Calculate.

1, 2.3.2.1.2.1.2.3 Transition to hibernation state.

1.2.3.2.1.3 Determine that the message is a T2 record.

1, 2.3.2.1.3.1 Return coded confirmation in vehicle type and identify The fee starts from the amount Erase the amount.

1, 2.3.2.1.3.2 Make a beep sound, roKJ, rThank You Display J.

! , 2.3.2.1.3.3 Clear all "movement data" 1, 2.3. 2.1.3.4 Enter hibernation state.

[Error logic] If an IVC that does not have "movement data" in memory receives T2, the rvc i reads the erroneous charge from T2's record and deletes the erroneous amount from the appropriate account. Ru.

[IVC fee calculation theory Rational fixed charge]: IVC passes the fixed charge T1 field and indicates the fixed charge. Receive coded TI records. At that time, IVC is the rate schedule field Calculate the prescribed fee for the next T2 region based on the fixed fee found in . too If the IVC passes through another T1 field before encountering the T2 field. , the IVC erases the old T1 record and replaces it with a new TI record.

[Incremental charge]: The IVC passes the To field and the coded To record is stored for processing. This record includes:

1. Start message 2 bits 2. Rate equipment identifier 6 bits 3. Direction identifier 2 bits 4. TOva Besshi 2 bits 5. End message 2 bits Upon receiving the TO message, the I’/C erases all “movement data” in memory. leave

When the IVC passes through the T1 field, the IVC charges an escalating charge as follows: 1. Start message: 2 bits to receive the coded record to indicate. 2. Rate equipment identifier 6 bits 3. Direction identifier 2 bits 4. Tl! li Besshi 2 bits 5. Rate format (incremental or fixed): 2 bits 6. Rate schedule: 256 bits Tsuto 7. End message 2 bits After receiving the To and T1 records, the IVC calculates the prescribed charges at the next T2 encountered. Calculate. If the IVC passes through the next T1 field before encountering T2 , the IVC erases the previous T1 record, replaces it with a new T1 record, and charges the specified fee. Calculate money.

Upon passing T2, the IVC is identified! Deduct the appropriate fees from your VC fee institution account. Scrape it off.

A complete T2 record includes: 1. Start message 2 bits 2. T2 identifier (transmitter is T2 simple statement) 2 bits 3. Toll agency/booth identifier: 6 bits 4. Direction identifier: 2 bits 5. Error fee amount: 8 bits 6. End message 2 bits These To and T1 records contain all the data needed to calculate the incremental charges. The direction identifier, including, can be used in error detection calculations.

The 256-bit rate schedule in the incremental rate T1 record is To and T1, respectively. and the entry point (A-C in this example) and exit point (A-C in this example) specified in the T1 record. ) is a fee amount matrix based on i. That is, [TO, Tll transmitter FIG. 4 shows an entrance ramp transmitter TO and toll collection equipment constructed in accordance with the present invention. 1 illustrates the structure of Besshi transmitter T1. If you are familiar with this technology, Although the illustrated To and T1 transmitters utilize radio frequency signal generators, this The invention can be practiced in conjunction with infrared (ID) or other radiated electromagnetic energy wavelengths. It will be recognized that

As discussed above, the To transmitter and the T1 transmitter provide a charge meter to the IVC responder. It repeatedly emits a coded signal that provides the data necessary for calculation and collection.

The To Toll Facility Identifier Signal field is coded for the following records: . That is, 1. Start message flag 2. Toll identifier (identifies toll collection equipment) 3. Direction identifier 4. Toill identifier (not a number, but easily identifies the signal source as TO) 5. End message flag T1 messages are coded with respect to the following records: That is, 1. Start message 2. Toll collection equipment identifier (identifies the toll collection equipment) 3. Direction (A or B) 4. Price schedule 5. T1 identifier (not a number, simply identifies the signal source as T1) 6. Fee format (incremental or fixed) 7. End message The fare scale identifies fares and their classification by vehicle type. T1 signal can be received in increments, and IVC is required among received messages. Check the data that is required and store the required message ρ.

The start and end messages are such that each IvC reads only the complete message, Important in ensuring that no attempt is made to read a message that is already in progress .

Each exemplary transmitter unit To, Tl includes a conventional type RF transmitter 82 and an antenna. element 84 and a microprocessor and associated erasable programmable It is equipped with a field-only memory (EFROM) 86 and a power supply element 88. E FROM stores software for control and operation of the transmitter. child These elements are conventional in design and materials, and the transmitter follows well-known engineering practices. can be configured according to All To and T1 assemblies are within range typical of roadway environments. Contains a rugged, weather-resistant housing 90 to withstand temperatures, humidity, and UV radiation. The Tl transmitter, preferably housed, is activated by infrared or engineered vehicle detectors. Because it can, it only emits a signal when the vehicle is near the transmitter.

[T2 transmitter] Figure 5 shows a toll collection signal instructing the IVC to debit the calculated toll amount. 0 The present invention illustrating a toll collection transmitter T2 according to the invention for transmitting signals In one embodiment, the toll collection signal (fTOLL-COLLECT) is 4 bytes. It is digital data that includes data.

The T2 transmitter is preferably housed in a weatherproof housing 92 and is a transmitter module 94 and associated antenna elements 96 and a micropro a processor, an EFROM for storing control software, and a power supply element 100. Although the exemplary T2 transmitter comprises a radio frequency signal generating element, the present invention includes Also implemented in conjunction with transponders that utilize infrared IR or other electromagnetic energy wavelengths. can.

The T2 signal is coded with respect to the following information:

1. Start message flag 2. T2 identifier (not a number, but a simple statement that it is T2) 3. Toll identifier (including toll collection agency and toll collection booth) 4. Direction identifier 5. Erroneous Charges - To entry point identifiers that do not exist due to loss or other causes. Amount of charge to be deducted if

6. End message flag [To Toll Collection Facility - Dware Co. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the T2 transmitter includes a transmitter control unit (TCu) 30 and the vehicle detector 38 . vehicle detector For example, the T2 transmitter may be located within IO or 15 feet of the vehicle. It may be a photocell for optically sensing presence and generating a vehicle presence signal. car Once both presence signals are relayed to the TCU, the TCU sends a toll collection message to the T2 transmitter. command that the message should be sent. Thus, the T2 transmitter for a given rain is , a “target” vehicle is present in the lane as directed by the vehicle presence signal. A toll collection signal will be emitted only when

The transmitter control unit is also connected to a confirmation signal reader 24 . Conventional format A reader 24 utilizing an RF receiver receives a confirmation signal from each vehicle IVC. Therefore, the vehicle model identifier contained therein is received, and the toll deduction transaction is performed. Confirm completion. The reader is installed near the top of the toll collection facility canopy. It is installed so that it is tilted downward in relation to passing objects. single charge Multiple readers containing objects passing in a single direction at the gold place are controlled by the reader. unit (RCII) and this reader control unit controls the diagnostic , record the activity in each lane, and save the record of activity for subsequent processing. Send to M.

Each time the reader receives a confirmation signal, it sends the vehicle to the execution system illustrated in FIG. Send both identifiers.

The execution system 100 is provided to reduce the possibility of toll evasion. Ru. In particular, automation that utilizes traditional forms of permissive devices such as magnetic cards. The toll collection system is designed for low toll class vehicles such as ordinary cars. By using permitted devices in trucks and other high-cost vehicles, , toll collection may be avoided. Execution system 100 addresses this problem. The system illustrated in FIG. 6, which has been introduced, governs automation.

The system includes an indicator light 1 housed within a weatherproof, substantially cylindrical enclosure. 12 vertical arrays, a switch unit 114, a processor 1.16, and a communication link. A link 118, a power source 120, and an alarm 122 are provided. Each light in the light array is , representing different classes of vehicles, such as buses, cars, trucks, etc. The processor 116 controls the switch 116 to control the read device 2 for the rain. energizes selected indicator lights in response to signals from 4; By reading device 24 The signals generated are relayed to processor 116 via communication link 118. .

The reader 24 receives a confirmation signal and a vehicle type identifier from the IVC in the rain. transmits the vehicle identifier to communication links, processors, switches, and light strings. the selected light, thereby energizing a single selected indicator light. to the IVC in the vehicle currently passing through the corresponding lane in the toll collection facility. represents a more specific vehicle type, then the enforcement officer will The lights are monitored and the correspondence between the vehicle type observed visually and the vehicle type indicated by each IVC is determined. It can be confirmed that the response is appropriate. Without proper measures, current IVCs in vehicles may However, it may be incorrectly initialized for the vehicle model in which the RVC is installed. I understand.

Furthermore, the vehicle detector for a given rain detects a vehicle, but the reader If the execution processor does not receive a proper acknowledgment signal within a certain time interval, the execution processor activates the alarm module. Activate the function. Alarm modules can be activated by alarms such as buzzers or strobe lights. It can include audible alarm elements and visual alarm elements.

[Radio frequency isolation] If the invention is implemented in multiple lanes, an IVC or reader operating in one lane may The receiver may inadvertently pick up signals generated by transmitters operating in adjacent rains. There is a possibility that it will be detected. The confusion caused by this is or allow toll collection zones to abuse automated equipment. For example, as illustrated in FIG. The first and second vehicles and their For purposes of illustration, the second vehicle is placed behind the first vehicle. Assume that you are in When the first vehicle enters the toll collection zone of the first Ruin, The corresponding T2 transmitter transmits a toll collection signal. In the absence of adequate separation, the second The second IVC in the lane receives the toll collection signal intended for the first vehicle. may transmit a confirmation signal before reaching the second rain toll collection zone. Ru. The IVC of the second vehicle then reaches a second tolling zone. Conversely, without proper isolation, the first The confirmation signal generated by the 11th VC in the Ruin is the charge evader of the 2nd Rain. However, the second train is activated without generating a proper confirmation signal and without activating an alarm. Allows you to pass through toll collection zones.

Thus, reducing the possibility of radio frequency leakage between multiple rains and certain measures are adopted to increase the discriminability in the direction of flow between individual vehicles in the Must.

The reading device detects the confirmation signal from the target vehicle 1■C and the adjacent vehicle or other signal source. The control unit (fifth In Figure), the vehicle detector indicates the physical proximity of one vehicle in one lane. Prevents the reader from detecting a confirmation signal until it generates a vehicle presence signal that Ru.

In addition, each IVC has a scheduled time of milliseconds after the T2 transmitter fires the toll collection signal. is programmed to generate that confirmation signal within the The device checks for confirmation signals only during this time window. Vehicle presence signal is generated Enable the reader only when the A time window is used to enable the temporal distribution of the confirmation signal, thereby The reader for the lane detects the confirmation signal from the adjacent IVC in the second lane. reducing the possibility of

Isolation also controls the transmission time of toll collection signals sent from adjacent rains to The transmission of the collection signal and the detection of the subsequent confirmation signal are carried out one vehicle lane at a time. This can also be done by ensuring that only the steps are performed serially.

Another approach is to use T2 to generate dual RF fields as shown in Figure 7. intended to include radio frequency isolation by configuring the module. One field 130 directed to the incoming target vehicle is valid coded toll collection. It carries a message. directed at vehicles behind and on either side of the target vehicle. The second field 132 effectively isolates nearby vehicles from toll collection messages; As a result, only target vehicles in the immediate vicinity of the T2 transmitter and receiver will receive the T2 toll. A collection signal can be received and a confirmation signal can be generated. Continuously repeating shielding Field signal 132 is not encoded, but in one embodiment of the invention may be A value that instructs the IVC to be prepared to receive effect-encoded toll collection signals. can be used to initialize the incoming IVC unit by combining the Can be used.

The radio of the present invention includes a transmitter 134, an antenna 136 and a shielding field 132. The exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. having an antenna 136 oriented at an angle selected to produce a field. A plurality of shielded field transmitters 134 are utilized. This form is Isolate or shield the "effective" area. In this area, the T2 toll collection signal or can receive other "valid transmissions". The shielding transmitter 134 includes at least also uses two antennas. These transmitters transmit uncoded time Continuously transmits an RF flaw signal that does not change with respect to

Thus, the shielding signal disallows the command for the IVC to perform a debit operation. It is a non-operation or non-collection signal.

As shown in FIG. 7, a shielded field RF transmitter and associated antenna 13 6 are arranged to provide a field 132 with partially overlapping lobes. Ru.

In the shielding field overlap region, the average amplitude of the shielding signal is greater than the signal amplitude, effectively blanking out the toll collection signal. This form Provide RF isolation between vehicles inside the vehicle.

The operation of the shielding element will only occur in areas where there is a sufficient "useful signal", i.e. In other words, IVC is the toll collection method only in the “effective area” where the shielding fields do not overlap. Take advantage of the fact that you check the tsage.

The shielded field antenna 136 is mounted at a selected location on the canopy of the toll collection facility. can be attached. Each antenna is designed to optimize RF isolation between vehicles and lanes. , preferably a plurality of A shielded field antenna 136 is located on the leading edge 141 of the toll facility canopy 140. The bow is oriented with respect to the approaching passing object and about 4 degrees downward from the horizontal plane. one or more shielding field transmitters 1, preferably arranged oriented at 5 degrees; 34 allows single frequency or multi-frequency shielding signals to be generated.

Separation between multiple vehicles in a given single lane and T2 signals from adjacent lanes Isolation from the T2 radio signal is achieved by using a directional antenna on the T2 transmitter. Improved by focusing the field downwards onto the approaching vehicle. Ru.

How it works is that IVC approaches a toll plaza that has already calculated the appropriate toll. , it encounters a shielding field and, in response, encodes ``valid JT2 field.'' be prepared to receive the data. The T2 "enabled" transmitter is located in the canopy 1 of the toll collection facility. 40, approximately midway between its leading and trailing edges 141.143. However, this transmitter will issue its toll collection command when triggered by a vehicle detector. Transmit. The rvc debits the charge amount and responds within the scheduled time interval. , transmit a message to easily confirm debit transactions and identify vehicle type. In one embodiment of the invention, this confirmation signal is 4 bytes of digital data. It is a digital signal containing

The RF shielding system also doubles up vehicles traveling on incremental toll roadways on TO ramps. communication with the TO transmitter by transmitting an uncoded second field that is shielded from the signal. It can also be used in connection.

The exemplary shielded field configuration can also be employed for position detection. In particular, the selected When signals with different frequencies are transmitted from each antenna with different amplitudes, the receiver Based on the change in amplitude of the received signal as it passes through the superimposed shielding field, The relative position of the transmitter with respect to the antenna can be determined. X frequency signal or single When a coded change in the frequency of relative position with respect to the antenna as the receiver passes through the superimposed shielding field. It can be determined from the difference between the received signals.

[Toll collection transaction management] In order for an automated toll collection system to be widely accepted, each toll collection booth and For accurate accounting of traffic activities and toll collection transactions at toll collection facilities. information and records should be provided. The system also. Speed up the rate purchasing process It should be processed quickly.

These advantages, in one embodiment of the present invention, allow for monitoring of toll collection and purchasing of toll amounts. and I’/C roads, with regard to toll purchases, toll collection and traffic activities. Toll Transaction Management (TTM) system 3 illustrated in FIG. Provided by 2.

The 77M system 32 handles all cash transactions, i.e. toll purchases and automated tolls. Maintain records of debit transactions. These records are stored in the toll collection agency's central computer. maintained and formatted for periodic loading onto the computer. TTM is In addition, as will be detailed later, diagnostic tests for each ■■C will be carried out as necessary. Execute and check the status of the fee account in each IVC.

The 77M system has a central processor 140 and is in communication with the central processor 140. A certain cash terminal 17 and a central computer 136 of the toll collection agency and an interactive device are connected to each other. A communication link 37 is provided for data communication. The 77M system also has conventional Type IIAM, magnetic, optical or other digital data memory and storage A data storage module 143 having a storage element is provided.

The 77M central processor 140 is the size required for an automated toll collection system. and, depending on the data throughput, a conventional microcomputer or minicomputer. computer. The central processor collects information such as vehicle type identifier, transaction time, and rain-by-rain interconnected with each automated rain reader 24 to collect traffic activity information. It is. Remote communication between reader and TTM central processor if required may be provided by a modem or other communications device.

The cache terminal 17 includes a conventional display 146 and a keyboard 148. , a printer 150.

The cache terminal also connects to port 64 (Figure 3) on each IVC unit. A compatible R5-232 or other conventional type port 152 is provided. Cat The terminal I7 allows the vehicle driver to use the communication port 152 to select the selected toll rate. Credit that IVC account by paying the amount in advance, i.e. Allows you to load the total available charges.

When the driver pays the fare in advance and wishes to load the IVC, the driver , proceed to the toll collection facility, IVC, and the amount of toll that the driver wishes to pay in advance. equal to I/) Hand the toll collector along with cash or credit card to the toll collector. The collector connects the IVC communication port 64 to the cash terminal communication port 152 and cache the amount to be stored in IVC memory for the toll collection agency account Put it in the terminal.

The cash terminal 17 receives the specified amount for the selected account of the IVC. The IVC 16 sends a signal to the IVC 16 indicating trust. The cash terminal also allows you to Print a receipt confirming your credit. This receipt is issued after the previous cash transaction. All toll transactions involving IVCs can be identified. Cash terminal 17 is next , communicates with a toll transaction management (TTM) central processor 140 to process cash transactions. confirm. This information is collected for further processing and toll collection agency central computers. It is held in the memory 43 of the TTM for communication with. In addition, price purchases and In addition to other cash transactions, the cash terminal 17 also handles individual IVC units. 16 and generate a printed diagnostic report or mobile data report.

As shown in FIG. 8, a 77M central processor 140 provides a The reading device 24 is connected to the reading device 24, and the reading device 24 receives the confirmation signal and the Once the vehicle name and vehicle identifier are received, the vehicle is stored for formatting, other processing, and storage. Both identifiers are relayed to the TTM central processor.

Formatted record generated by TTM for each debit transaction is referred to as a toll collection transaction record.

In addition to toll collection transaction records, the configuration of the 77M system illustrated in FIG. Various records may be generated for use by collection agencies. The number of records of this kind Although the name and format will vary depending on the requirements of the toll collection agency, this TT link system Cash transaction records, traffic records, and comprehensive records of cash can be generated. current Financial transaction records will be credited to the driver's IVC account with advance payment of the selected toll amount. Each time an image is recorded, it is generated by the TTM as described above.

The TTM shall summarize relevant data from each incoming toll collection transaction record. Therefore, a traffic record is generated. The traffic records are then sent to the toll collection agency's central computer. relayed to ta. Cash summary records process all incoming cash transaction records. is generated by TTM.

Cash summary records are also transmitted to the toll collection agency's central computer. these records Examples of data files for each of the following are provided below.

Each of these records is not intended for ultimate use by any toll collection agency. standard data format for communication with external tolling agency processors. should be used. Current measurements show that most toll collection agencies The computer is shown to be able to read and write A.5CII flat files. There is. Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, the TTM is in 5CII format. and output a standardized output to the tolling agency computer. allow it to come out. Cash transactions, debit transactions and The 77M function that creates and classifies records based on traffic activity is 0racIs or Utilize commercially available database programs such as Dbasa III Traffic and financial transaction records, which may be provided by can be recorded, tracked, and displayed on the terminal display unit 146.

Additionally, multiple 77M systems can be placed along a progressive toll roadway, and In that case, the 77M system and the mainframe computer at the toll collection agency headquarters A conventional communication network is provided between the computer and the computer.

[TTM data field] Each of the 77M records described above contains selected information regarding tolling transactions. The data fields utilized in one embodiment of are described below by way of example. This technique Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be used with data feeds other than those described below. Let's admit that it can be implemented in a field.

In each case, data is recorded in real time as fixed format ASCII records. Can be transferred to TTM. Each record is a carriage return/line feed. ) sequence and begins with a ``record type'' indicator. data is needed field, the field is a date and time in the year-month, day, hour, minute, and second format. Can print.

Recording format 2 Identifying the recording format identify in number Vehicle type 4 Identification of vehicle type End message Bar FU turn End recording [Fee amount purchase/cash transaction data field] field size Recording format 2 Identifying the recording format IVC sequence number 8 Identifies 1 VC unit Credit amount 6 Purchase amount 99 99.99 Current balance 6 Current balance 9999゜99 Finish recording.

Finishing record hard return Recording format 2 Identifying the recording format 87 Hour stamp 14 Records are from - to - Current date/time stamp 14 The record is from - to - vehicle type 4 Identifies the vehicle type End record 8-F IJ turn End record Record format 2 Identify record format 87 Hour stamp 14 Records from - to - Current date/time stamp 14 The record is the terminal number from - to - 4 Identifies the cache terminal Review money income 6 Review money income (repeat the last two fields for each cache terminal in the system) End record 8th return End record [signal encoding] Figures 9A and 9B illustrate coded toll collection signals and and confirmation signal.

According to the encoding method called Digital Time Segment Modified WR (DTSM), The carrier signal is present substantially the entire time during the ON state of the transmitter and is Short intervals or gaps are inserted between segments 164-167.

The temporal position of each gap that defines the length of each digital time segment is In particular, in Figure 9, the position of each gap represents the amount of digital data. It defines bit cells that represent encoded information.

In the exemplary embodiment, the T2 transmitter radiates a carrier signal at 915MH2 and The acknowledgment signal is transmitted at 46M)Iz. However, if you are familiar with this technology, If so, the 037M method encodes information in an electromagnetic signal of any wavelength or frequency. It is recognized that it can be used for

As shown in Figure 9A, a typical transmitted signal is such that the receiver adjusts to the transmitted signal amplitude. 5YCN, which synchronizes the receiver adjustment part to be adjusted and the receiver and the transmitted signal. That is, it includes a synchronization part and a message part 174. The message part a message guarantee portion 176, which portion includes at least one bit. Contains parity pits for messages that follow traditional error checking methods. The communication events provided to check the reliability of Contains works.

1. The controller module for the toll collection equipment (Figures 1.2 and 6) A vehicle presence signal indicating the presence of one vehicle in the corresponding lane is transmitted by a vehicle detector. Receive from.

2. The controller module for the toll collection facility activates the T2 transmitter.

3. The T2 transmitter was coded in the manner described above and illustrated in FIG. 9A. Emit RF toll collection signals.

4.1 VC receives a toll collection signal and debits the appropriate account and similar manners. A confirmation signal (FIG. 9B) encoded with . However, the digital time set Gaps 180 and 181 are inserted between the segments 182 and 183. confirmation The signal can be frequency modulated or amplitude modulated.

5. The toll collection equipment receives the confirmation signal and sends the appropriate signal in the execution light array (Figure 6). Energize the light.

Superior to phase, amplitude or frequency modulation coding from DTSM coding systems The carrier signal is present substantially the entire time during the ON state and its In order to collect peak arriving signals, resulting in high average signal power, To enable the use of a simple, moderately sensitive, and low-cost receiver. moreover , this encoding provides a signal in which the data portion has a fixed and known position. difference Additionally, this encoding also provides the receiver with a length of time to collect the signal before transmitting the data portion. give a good opportunity. Additionally, coded data can be easily interpreted using traditional formatting techniques. be read.

In one embodiment of the invention, the starting position of the confirmation message is the location where the toll collection signal is transmitted. It varies based on the time it is sent and the content of the toll collection signal. In addition, To reduce the possibility of unauthorized recording and reproduction of authorization signals, toll collection signals must be The signal, which is not a fixed message, is selected from the − set of toll collection messages, and each of which is confirmed by the IVC as a toll collection message. Fee collection method The message varies with respect to time, and the confirmation signal varies with time and the content of the toll signal. depends, so the required confirmation signal must also change over time. Confirmations recorded earlier may not be valid at subsequent times.

The coding device also provides spoken road information reports to the driver and on-vehicle map display. Auxiliary machine-readable information and user-readable information containing coded information for the device Possible information can be inserted.

Thus, the present invention can achieve the above objectives from what has been made clear in the above description. It will be appreciated that, in particular, the present invention provides A method and apparatus are provided that enable collection of fees at high speed. This results in , the present invention can achieve high levels of speed that could not be achieved by conventional toll collection systems. This device enables interaction with multiple toll collection agencies, Efficient, low-cost record-keeping and transactions for vehicle operators and toll collection facilities. The present invention enables reporting by reducing speed changes near toll plazas. improve highway safety and integrate into existing toll management systems. is also easy.

Changes may be made to the above-described structure and the above-described order of operation without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. It will be appreciated that modifications may be made. For example, an exemplary radio frequency transmitter may be an infrared transmitter. Can be replaced by transmitters or other radiators operating in the torrential region of the electromagnetic spectrum can. Additionally, the present invention has applications in the field of rail vehicles and other toll or fare collection. It can be carried out in relation to

Therefore, the contents illustrated and explained above should not be seen as limitations, but as examples. It should be understood that these are to be construed as indications.

r! -I! Yo≧Come on abstract The automatic toll collection system 10 includes toll collection equipment 18 and the benefits purchased by the user. Vehicle toll collection processor 1 with memory 54 for storing available toll amounts 6 and identifying the approaching toll collection facility 18 and indicating the toll to be collected. and a toll collection facility identification area T1 for transmitting a toll collection facility identifier signal.

When the vehicle 14 approaches the identification area T1, the in-vehicle processor 16 transmits the identifier signal 19. Calculate charges to be received and debited. Vehicle 14 uses toll collection equipment 18 Upon passing, the toll collection facility should debit the calculated toll from memory. A toll collection signal 2o is sent to instruct the in-vehicle processor 16 to: In-vehicle process The processor 16 debits the calculated amount and sends a confirmation signal 22 to the toll collection facility 18. believe

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Claims (25)

[Claims] 1. In a method for automatically collecting tolls from vehicles moving on roads, providing at least a first toll facility through which vehicles can pass for toll collection; Toll-money representing the amount of money available for deduction in toll processing at the approaching toll facility an in-vehicle toll processor having a memory for storing a money availability signal; Loading into the rate processor an electrical total rate signal representing the initial rate-money availability value. the first toll facility identification area that corresponds to the first toll facility and is far from the first toll facility. transmits a first toll facility identification signal that uniquely indicates the location of the first toll facility; the in-vehicle toll processor accepts to receive the first toll facility identification signal; and the in-vehicle toll processor is responsive to the first toll facility identification signal. and is configured to calculate a toll amount to be deducted at the first toll facility; the in-vehicle toll processor when the vehicle passes the first toll collection facility; a toll collection signal commanding the first toll to deduct the calculated toll amount from memory. Sent from the collection equipment to the in-vehicle processor and deducts the calculated toll amount from memory. , and from the in-vehicle toll processor to the first toll facility, the calculated toll amount is stored in memory. Automatic toll collection consisting of stages that send a confirmation signal indicating that a deduction has been made. Method. 2. The deduction stage reduces the fee-money availability signal value according to the amount to be deducted. The automatic toll collection method according to claim 1, which further comprises a step. 3. Using the in-vehicle toll processor, calculate the toll amount and toll-money available signal. The amount of money displayed by the applicable fee minus the money availability signal is the calculated fee amount. Claim No. Automatic toll collection method described in Section 1. 4. In response to said comparison, a message indicating permission to proceed to the first toll facility is provided to the operator of the vehicle. 4. The automatic toll collection method according to claim 3, further comprising the step of providing a toll number. 5. Said response step determines that said comparison has available fee money less than the calculated fee amount. a step that responds by providing a warning signal to the vehicle operator when the The automatic toll collection method according to claim 4, which includes floors. 6. storing the first toll facility identification signal in the in-vehicle toll processor; An automatic toll collection method according to claim 1, comprising: 7. providing a second toll facility on a road far from the first toll facility; Provides a second toll facility identification area that corresponds to the second toll facility and is far away from it. death, From the second toll facility identification location, (i) uniquely represents the location of the second toll facility; transmitting a second toll facility identification signal; using an onboard toll processor, receiving the second toll facility identification signal; and , If the vehicle has not passed through said first toll facility, the first toll stored The in-vehicle toll program specifies that the second toll equipment identification signal is measured and written in the gold equipment identification signal. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the steps of instructing a charger. 8. The step of transmitting the first toll facility identification signal includes transmitting a coded radio frequency signal. The automatic toll collection method according to claim 1, comprising the step of transmitting. 9. The step of transmitting the toll collection signal includes transmitting a coded radio frequency signal. 2. The automatic toll collection method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of: 10. The confirmation signal transmitting step includes transmitting a coded radio frequency signal. The automatic toll collection method according to claim 1, which includes: 11. The coded radio frequency signal transmitting step dynamically changes the code. 11. The automatic toll collection method according to claim 10, comprising the step of: 12. The first toll facility identification area is approximately 0.5 to 1 mile from the first toll facility. The vehicle according to claim 1, which is located at a distance of approximately 0.8 to 1.6 km Automatic toll collection method. 13. between a moving vehicle and any one of multiple transaction stations. In the method of executing transactions between The mobile vehicle is equipped with a signal receiver, a memory means, a processor device and a signal transmitter. providing an in-vehicle component with providing each of said transaction stations with a transmitting device; Based on the repeating of the signal to the transmitting device that identifies its transaction station and send it to quantitative information associated with each transaction station in said memory means; and quantitative information related to the state of the component within the unit; receiving an identification signal from a predetermined one of said transaction stations; In response, said in-vehicle component changes the quantity associated with its predetermined station. retrieving information from said memory means and providing the same to said processor device; and quantitative information relating to the current state of said in-vehicle component from said memory means. and provides it to the processor device, and causes the processor device to receive traffic. a given station according to the transaction rules for executing the transaction. the quantitative information associated with the engine and the quantity associated with the current state of the in-vehicle component; a signal that causes the in-vehicle transmitter to process the transaction information and instruct the in-vehicle transmitter the result of the transaction. send the number, and transactions in order to receive such signals that dictate the outcome of the transaction. A method of performing a transaction comprising steps of providing a station receiver. 14. In a device for automatically collecting tolls from vehicles moving on the road, Onboard tolls carried by vehicles to process toll transactions processor means, a toll transaction at an adjacent first toll facility located at a first location; to memorize the available money signal, which represents the amount of money available for making deductions. memory means for (i) Occurred in area 1 near the road away from the approaching first toll facility location. a first toll facility identification signal representative of the first toll facility location, which is a radiated electromagnetic signal; and (ii) inserting the toll amount from said memory means into said on-board toll processor. a receiving means for receiving a first toll collection signal instructing a toll collection signal; coupled to means and responsive to said first toll facility identification signal; A central processing station equipped with calculation means for calculating the first toll payment amount deducted at the toll facility. scientific means and coupled to said receiving means and responsive to said first toll collection signal; modifying the available money signal stored in the memory means and calculating the calculated toll payment amount; a subtraction means for subtracting from the monetary amount; combined with the said deduction means and the calculated fee amount is deducted from said monetary amount. said available money signal by sending a confirmation signal indicating that said available money signal is and transmitting means responsive to the modification. It becomes Automatic fare collection device. 15. Said on-board fare processor means is coupled to said central processing means. information representing an amount of money corresponding to the available money signal stored in said memory means; Claims comprising user interface means for generating a perceivable signal 14. The automatic toll collection device as set forth in item 14. 16. Said on-board fare processor means is coupled to said central processing means. a machine input receiving an electrical total charge signal representing the first available monetary value. 15. The automatic toll collection device according to claim 14, comprising interface means. 17. Claim 14, wherein said memory means comprises a changeable non-volatile memory element. Automatic toll collection device as described in section. 18. The central processing means is coupled to the receiving means and is configured to receive received electromagnetic signals. The number is either (i) a first toll facility identification signal or (ii) a toll collection signal. The automatic toll rate system according to claim 14, comprising a signal confirmation means for confirming whether the Collection device. 19. Claim 14, wherein the receiving means comprises a crystal oscillation circuit and an amplifier circuit. Automatic toll collection device as described in section. 20. The on-board fee processor means is configured to include the receiving means and the transmitting means. and antenna means coupled to and for collecting and radiating said electromagnetic signal. An automatic toll collection device according to claim 14. 21. The antenna means and the receiving means receive an electromagnetic energy signal of a first wavelength. and configured to transmit the confirmation signal at a second wavelength. 21. The automatic toll collection device according to claim 20. 22. The memory means stores the calculated payment fee amount, and stores the calculated payment fee amount when the reception fee is collected. Claim 14 including means for storing until subtracted in response to the signal. Automatic fare collection device as described. 23. Said memory means corresponds to said on-board charge processor means. means for storing a vehicle type identification value representing a vehicle type; , the confirmation signal is a vehicle type identification signal representing the stored vehicle type identification value. 15. The automatic toll collection device according to claim 14. 24. The on-board charge processor means is a means for storing electrical power. An automatic toll collection device according to claim 14, comprising: 25. The toll facility identification signal, the toll collection signal and the confirmation signal are encoded. a radio frequency signal that is a received toll collection signal, and the confirmation signal is a modified response to the received toll collection signal. 15. The automatic toll collection device according to claim 14, which includes a traffic signal.