JPH0565606B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional woven fabric having a three-dimensional structure organized by vertical threads and warp and weft threads. More specifically, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional fabric used as an intermediate base material of a fiber-reinforced composite material that is integrated with a matrix of resin or metal.

[Conventional technology]

Three-dimensional fabrics with a three-dimensional structure consisting of vertical threads and warp and weft threads can be strengthened by the fibers by impregnating the fiber space with a matrix material such as resin or metal, and can be made lighter than metal materials. Therefore, this fiber-reinforced composite material is expected to be used in a wide range of fields that take advantage of its properties, particularly in aircraft, automobile parts, bridges, space structures, and robot arms.

Representative examples of conventional three-dimensional textiles include
-14624 Publication, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-4145, Japanese Patent Application Publication No.
There are publications such as No. 55-132738.

These textiles can be roughly divided into two types based on their structure.
One type is one in which the three components of vertical, warp, and weft threads are simply crossed at right angles without cross-crimping. The other type is one in which three-component threads are crossed and crimped like a normal two-dimensional fabric.

These structures have advantages and disadvantages; in the former, the three-component threads are straight, so a relatively high-density structure can be obtained, and since the fiber content per unit volume is high, it can be impregnated with resin and made into a composite. , it is characterized by little deformation under tensile action.

However, if mechanical strength is not required so much, it is better not to increase the density too much from the viewpoint of cost merit.

In such a case, the vertical, warp, and weft yarns become loose in the woven state, resulting in poor shape retention of the woven fabric, making it difficult to handle, and the problem arises that the fiber arrangement is disordered, resulting in poor product shape after resin impregnation.

On the other hand, the latter has the characteristic that the woven form is difficult to collapse due to friction between the fibers, similar to ordinary two-dimensional woven fabrics, due to the cross-crimping of the three-component threads, and after the intermediate base material and resin impregnation. It also has excellent dimensional stability as a composite.

However, in order to improve mechanical properties, the resin content per unit volume is increased. That is, when taking measures to increase the density, since each thread is cross-crimped, friction between the fibers is large and the density cannot be increased.

Furthermore, when an external force acts on the structure after it has been impregnated with resin, stress concentration tends to occur at the crimp part of the thread, which causes the problem that the strength imparting rate decreases.
This structure has the disadvantage that it is difficult to fabricate high-density fabrics.

From the above, the ideal structure of a three-dimensional fabric is one that has excellent dimensional stability even at low density in the woven state, can be made into a high-density fabric, and has improved mechanical properties when impregnated with resin and composited. However, there is a need for these to be obtained using simple equipment.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The present invention aims to improve such conventional drawbacks, and provides a novel three-dimensional fabric that has good shape retention in the woven state and excellent mechanical properties when impregnated with resin and made into a fiber reinforced composite material. This is what we intend to provide.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention consists of the following configuration.

In other words, vertical thread groups forming rows and columns, weft thread groups arranged perpendicularly to the vertical threads between each row (column) of the vertical thread groups, and the vertical threads arranged between each column (row) of the vertical thread groups. a group of warp threads arranged perpendicularly to the vertical threads, and a winding arranged perpendicularly to the vertical threads to hold the warp threads and the weft threads on the outside of each end row and each end column of the vertical thread group. A three-dimensional woven fabric having a three-dimensional structure consisting of threads, wherein the warp threads and the weft threads are successively arranged and laminated by folding through the winding threads between each row, and the winding threads are continuously arranged in a spiral manner. This three-dimensional fabric is characterized by being wound around the vertical threads in a shape.

In the present invention, the term "perpendicular thread" refers to a thread that is substantially perpendicular to the warp thread and the weft thread.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below using the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a textile structure according to the invention, with the threads exaggerated for clarity of the drawing. 1 is vertical thread, 2 is horizontal thread, 3 is warp thread,
4 is a wrapped thread.

FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of each thread and the weaving order during weaving of the fabric shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for weaving the fabric of the present invention.

In Figure 2 A, the weft threads 2 are arranged from J 1 to _Jn between the vertical threads 1 arranged with the required number of rows (I ₁ , I ₂ ...Im) and columns (J ₁ , J ₂ ...Jn). One person was broken into,
The wrapped thread 4a is passed through, turned back and returned to its original position, and another wrapped thread 4b is passed over it.

In this way, two wires are arranged between each row, and the insertion is completed.

Next _, as shown in FIG.
The wrapped thread 4b is passed through, turned back, returned to the original position, and the other wrapped thread 4a is passed through.
Pushing is completed in the same way as the weft thread.

Next, as shown in Figure 2 A, weft thread 2 is moved from J ₁ to Jn.
However, at that time, the 4th of the 2nd row
b is passed through like 4a in FIG. 2A, and 4a in FIG. 2B is passed like 4b in FIG. 2A. That is, the winding thread continues to wrap around the outside of the vertical thread in a spiral manner.

In this way, the weft yarn 2 and the warp yarn 3 repeat the above cycle between the rows of the vertical yarn 1, so that the weft yarn is continuously arranged and laminated by being folded between the rows of the vertical yarn via the winding yarn, while the vertical yarn The yarns are continuously arranged and laminated by folding back through the wrapped yarns between the rows of vertical yarns. Furthermore, the wrapped threads 4a and 4b are
Each vertical thread group is arranged perpendicularly to the vertical threads on the outside of each row and each column located at the outermost side of the vertical thread group, that is, at both ends of each row and each column, and continuously spirally forms a vertical thread group. A three-dimensional fabric is formed by wrapping around the fibers.

Note that the above explanation describes the case where the weft yarns are arranged between the rows of vertical yarns and the warp yarns are arranged between the rows of vertical yarns, but in the opposite case, that is, when the warp yarns are arranged between the rows of vertical yarns, The same applies to the case where weft yarns are arranged between rows of vertical yarns. They are laminated together by the action of the wrapped threads to form a three-dimensional fabric.

As mentioned above, a high-density fabric can be obtained because the three-component yarns do not cross-crimp and are orthogonally arranged.Moreover, when the density is low, the wrapped yarn tightly tightens the periphery of the fabric, resulting in a woven fabric with a high density. It is less likely to collapse and is easier to handle.

Furthermore, when it is impregnated with resin and made into a composite, it exhibits excellent morphological stability.

The material of the threads used for the vertical, vertical, horizontal, and wrapped threads mentioned herein may be any type of fiber, including natural fibers and man-made fibers. Preferably, organic synthetic fibers such as carbon fibers and aramid fibers, which exhibit better properties as fiber-reinforced composite materials, and inorganic fibers such as metal fibers and glass fibers are preferred.

Next, a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional fabric according to the present invention will be explained below.

Fiber bundle 10 which becomes vertical thread 1 in FIGS. 2 and 3
feed roll 1 from the creel (not shown)
2, 12', passes through the queue regulation guide 13, and passes through the reed 14.

The queue regulation guide 13 and the reed 14 are the vertical threads 1
Holes corresponding to the number of holes and row pitch are provided in the flat plate. The queue regulation guide 13 is fixed, and the reed 14 is movable up and down. On the other hand, a group of yarns that will become the weft yarn 2 are pulled out from the creel 15 through the tension device 11 and passed through the weft insertion needle 16.

A weft thread pushing needle 16 is fixed to a support 17 with a pitch that can be pushed between each row of vertical threads 1, and a thread hole 30 is provided at the tip of the needle 16.

Next, the warp thread 3 is placed on the same plane as the weft thread 2.
It is threaded through a needle 18 provided in the same manner as the weft yarn at a 90 degree transition (not shown).

The needles 16, 18 are adapted to reciprocate between the rows and columns of the vertical thread 1 by means of a strict or approximate linear movement mechanism, for example a Skott-Tratzel mechanism.

Now, when the weft thread 2 passed through the needle 16 is pushed between the rows of the vertical thread 1 by the needle 16 with its thread end fixed, an opening A is formed between the vertical thread 1 and the weft thread 2. I can do it. A shuttle with a wrapped thread 4a prepared is made to fly through this opening A.

The shuttle running method may be a picking method like a normal shuttle loom, or it may be manual like a handloom.

After the wrapped thread 4a has been passed through, the needle 16 retreats and returns to its original position. Due to this action, two weft threads 2 are folded back and arranged in each row via the wrapped thread 4a. Then, it is driven in by the reed 14, and one cycle of weft thread insertion is completed.

Next, the warp threads 3 are inserted perpendicularly to the weft threads in the same manner as the weft threads. In this case another wrapped thread 4b
Two shuttles are required, and they always act alternately on opposing sides.

In this way, the weft and warp threads are layered orthogonally and fixed with the wrapped threads.

By repeating the cycle from FIG. 2 A to FIG. The threads are arranged like this, and are continuously wound around the vertical threads in a spiral fashion.

As the weaving of the fabric progresses, the initially fixed yarn ends are separated. From now on, the horizontal and vertical threads are held in place by the wrapped thread, so there is no need to worry about it. Fixing is necessary only at the beginning of weaving.

The woven fabric 31 is then pulled out using a passive drawing method using a weight 32, to obtain a three-dimensional fabric.

The feed roller 12 is connected to the reed 14 via a connecting rod 33 and a ratchet 34, and each time the ratchet is beaten, the ratchet wheel 35 is rotated to rotate the feed roller 12 slightly and feed out the vertical yarn 1. Depending on the amount of engagement between the ratchet wheel 34 and the ratchet wheel 35,
The lamination density of warp yarns is adjusted. The density of the vertical threads is selected by the regulation guide 13 and the hole pitch of the reed 14.

Due to the above-mentioned effects, a three-dimensional fabric with a novel structure can be obtained without the need for complicated equipment.

[Effects of the present invention]

Here, the effects of the present invention can be summarized as follows.

(1) Since the wrapped yarn is tightly wrapped around the fabric, the lamination density of the horizontal and vertical yarns is at least low enough to prevent the fabric from deforming, making it easy to handle and making it dimensionally stable when impregnated with resin and made into a composite. Good sex.

(2) Since the fabric structure is simple, no large-scale equipment is required for weaving.

(3) Weaving efficiency is high because the weaving method does not organize the horizontal and vertical threads one by one, but instead stacks the required number of threads together.

It has excellent effects such as:

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a part of the three-dimensional woven fabric of the present invention, FIG. 2 A and B are plan views for explaining the weaving order of the woven fabric of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 1: Vertical thread, 2: Weft thread, 3: Warp thread, 4: Winding reed, 14: Thread, 16, 18: Needle.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A group of vertical threads forming rows and columns, a group of weft threads arranged perpendicularly to the vertical thread between each row (column) of the group of vertical threads, and a group of vertical threads arranged between each column (row) of the group of vertical threads. A group of warp threads arranged orthogonally to each other, and a wrapped thread arranged perpendicularly to the vertical threads to hold the warp threads and the weft threads outside each end row and each end column of the vertical thread group. A three-dimensional woven fabric having a three-dimensional structure, wherein the warp threads and the weft threads are successively arranged and laminated by folding through the winding threads between each row, and the winding threads are continuously arranged in a spiral shape. A three-dimensional fabric characterized in that the vertical threads are wrapped around the group of vertical threads.