JPH0571468A - Piston reciprocating type compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a piston reciprocating type compressor having a valve structure with small pressure loss and rare occurrence of noise and damage. CONSTITUTION:A drive shaft 6 is inserted in a central shaft hole 1a of a cylinder block 1. A piston 15 moving straight within a bore 1b is connected to an oblique plate 9 moving jointly with the drive shaft 6. A housing 4 having an intake chamber 17 connecting to the central shaft hole 1a is so installed as to close the end portion of the cylinder block 1. A communication path 21 for communicating the top portion of the each bore 1b and the intake chamber 17 is provided. A containment cylinder 24 having a communication window 24a to open in correspondence to the communication path 21 is installed inside the communication path 21. A rotary valve 22 having an intake path 25 for communicating the communication path 21 of each bore 1b in the intake stroke and the intake chamber 17 is successively contained in the containment cylinder 34 so as to rotate integrally with the drive shaft 6.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement in a valve structure of a piston reciprocating compressor suitable for vehicle air conditioning.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, like a swash plate compressor,
BACKGROUND ART A compressor is known in which a piston is reciprocated in a bore formed in a cylinder block in parallel with a drive shaft to compress a refrigerant. In this type of compressor, a housing is joined to an end surface of a cylinder block via a valve plate, and a suction chamber for supplying a refrigerant into a bore and a refrigerant compressed by a piston in the bore are discharged to the housing. A discharge chamber is formed. The refrigerant is sucked into the bore from the suction chamber by the suction port formed on the valve plate and the suction valve provided on the bore side of the suction port and opening the suction port according to the pressure in the bore. The discharge of the refrigerant from the inside of the bore to the discharge chamber is performed through the discharge port formed in the valve plate and the discharge port provided on the discharge chamber side of the discharge port according to the pressure in the bore. And a discharge valve for opening the valve. So-called flapper valves are used as the intake valve and the discharge valve.

[0003]

However, the flapper valve used as the intake valve and the discharge valve is constructed so as to overcome the elastic force of its own which works in the direction of maintaining the valve closed state to open the valve. However, there is a problem that the pressure loss is large and the volumetric efficiency of the compressor is reduced. Also,
During high-load operation or high-speed operation, there is a problem that the pressure loss is further increased, and when the valve is closed, the flapper valve collides with the valve plate, which causes large noise and damages the flapper valve.

The present invention has been devised in view of the above problems, and it is an object to be solved to provide a valve structure in a piston reciprocating compressor, which has a small pressure loss and causes less noise and damage. To do.

[0005]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a cylinder block having a plurality of bores parallel to the shaft center, and a drive shaft fitted and supported in a central shaft hole of the cylinder block. A piston that is linearly moved in the bore by being linked to a swash plate that cooperates with the drive shaft, a suction chamber that communicates with the central shaft hole, and a discharge chamber that is formed outside the suction chamber. Housing that closes the end surface of the cylinder block, a conducting path that conducts each of the bores and the central shaft hole, and a conducting window that matches the conducting path, and is installed in the central shaft hole. And a rotary valve that is housed in the housing cylinder and is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft and has a suction passage that sequentially connects the passage of each bore in the suction stroke and the suction chamber. The new configuration is adopted.

[0006]

In the compressor provided with the valve structure of the present invention, when the rotary valve in the storage cylinder rotates in synchronization with the drive shaft, the passage of each bore and the suction chamber at the specific timing of the predetermined suction stroke. And are communicated with each other for a predetermined time through the suction passage of the rotary valve and the conduction window of the storage cylinder. Therefore, the refrigerant gas in the suction chamber is sequentially sucked into each bore. In this way, the rotation of the rotary valve causes the opening and closing of the valve for each bore,
The pressure loss is small and the noise and damage are less likely to occur. Further, since the rotary valve slides smoothly with the storage cylinder, it rotates smoothly, and power loss due to friction, abnormal wear, and seizure are prevented.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a swing swash plate compressor according to this embodiment. In the figure, 1 is a central shaft hole 1a penetrating in the axial direction.
And a front housing 2 is joined to one end surface of the cylinder block 1 and a rear housing 4 is joined to the other end surface thereof via a valve plate 3. In the crank chamber 5 inside the front housing 2, the drive shaft 6 is provided in the front housing 2.
Also, it is fitted into the central shaft hole 1a of the cylinder block 1 and rotatably supported. A rotor 7 is fixed on the drive shaft 6, and a support arm 8 extending to the rear surface side of the rotor 7 is provided.
A long hole 8a is provided at the tip of the. A pin 8b is slidably fitted in the long hole 8a,
A swash plate 9 is tiltably connected to the pin 8b.

A sleeve 10 is loosely fitted on the drive shaft 6 adjacent to the rear end of the rotor 7, and is constantly urged toward the rotor 7 by a coil spring 11 and is provided on both left and right sides of the sleeve 10. A pivot shaft 10a (only one of which is shown) is fitted into an engagement hole (not shown) of the swash plate 9, so that the swash plate 9 is pivoted to the pivot shaft 10a.
It is supported so that it can swing around. A swing plate 12 is supported on the rear surface side of the swash plate 9 so as to be relatively rotatable, and a guide portion 12a provided at an outer edge portion is engaged with a through bolt 16 to restrain rotation of the cylinder block 1. The connecting rod 14 connects the piston 15 in the bore 1b formed therethrough and the oscillating plate 12. Therefore, the rotary motion of the drive shaft 4 is transmitted through the swash plate 9 to the rocking plate 12.
When the piston 15 reciprocates in the bore 1b, the refrigerant gas sucked into the bore 1b from the suction chamber 17 is compressed and discharged into the discharge chamber 18.
The stroke of the piston 15 changes according to the pressure difference between the pressure inside the crank chamber 5 and the suction pressure inside the bore 1b through the piston 15, and the tilt angle of the oscillating plate 12 changes. The pressure in the crank chamber 5 is controlled based on the cooling load by an electromagnetic control valve mechanism (not shown) provided in the rear end protrusion of the rear housing 4.

Further, the rear housing 4 has an opening at the rear end face at substantially the center and a central hole 3 of the valve plate 3.
A suction chamber 17 communicating with the central shaft hole 1a of the cylinder block 1 via a is provided. Then, in the valve plate 3 interposed between the rear housing 4 and the cylinder block 1, as shown in FIG. 2, a conduction path 21 extending radially from the central hole 3a and electrically connected to the top of each bore 1b is formed. It is provided radially. Inside the central shaft hole 1 a and the central hole 3 a of the valve plate 3, a storage cylinder 24 having a conduction window 24 a aligned with the conduction path 21 is arranged. The housing cylinder 24 has a support portion protruding inward in the radial direction at one end thereof, and one end portion side having this support portion is fitted into a step portion formed on the wall surface of the suction chamber 17 and the other end. The part side is fitted and positioned in a step formed on the wall surface of the central shaft hole 1a. A cylindrical rotary valve 22 mounted by a key 23 at the tip of the drive shaft 6 extending into the central shaft hole 1a is housed in the housing cylinder 24, and the rear side of the rotary valve 22 is It is supported by the support portion of the storage cylinder 24. This rotary valve 2
As shown in FIG. 3, a circular hole 25a radially bent from the center of the shaft on the suction chamber 17 side and a groove portion 2 continuous with the circular hole 25a and extending over about a half circumference of the outer peripheral surface thereof are shown in FIG.
5b and the suction passage 25 are formed, and while the groove 25b faces the conduction passage 21 of each bore 1b in the suction stroke, the suction passage 25 and the suction chamber 17 communicate with each other through the suction passage 25.
It is designed to communicate with 1. A ring-shaped discharge chamber 18 is formed outside the suction chamber 17 of the rear housing 4, and the discharge chamber 18 is connected to the bores 1b through the discharge port 18a and the discharge valve 18b of the valve plate 3. It is in communication.

The compressor configured as described above is arranged in the circuit as a vehicle air-conditioning refrigerating device and is used. When this compressor is operated and the drive shaft 6 rotates,
The swash plate 8 swings together with the drive shaft 6 while rotating. The oscillating plate 13 is restricted in rotation with respect to the swash plate 8 and only makes an oscillating motion, whereby the piston 15 reciprocates in the bore 1b. Then, when the piston 15 starts moving toward the bottom dead center in the bore 1b and enters the suction stroke, the storage cylinder 2
4, the end of the groove of the suction passage 25 of the rotary valve 22 that rotates in synchronism with the drive shaft 6 faces the conduction passage 21 of the bore 1b and the conduction window 24a of the storage cylinder 24, and the suction chamber 25 is connected to the suction chamber. 17 and the conduction path 21 communicate with each other. This allows
Refrigerant gas is sucked into the bore 1b from the suction chamber 17.
Then, when the piston 15 in the bore 1b reaches the bottom dead center, the rear end side of the groove portion of the suction passage 25 passes through the conduction window 24a as the rotary valve 22 rotates, and the suction chamber 17 and the conduction passage 2 are connected.
And 1 are cut off. When the piston 15 starts moving toward the top dead center, the discharge valve 18b opens as the refrigerant gas is compressed and the pressure in the bore 1b becomes high, and the refrigerant is discharged from the discharge port 18a. It is discharged into the discharge chamber 18.

By rotating the rotary valve 22 in synchronization with the drive shaft 6 in this manner, the operation of sucking the refrigerant gas from the suction chamber 17, compressing it, and discharging it to the discharge chamber 18 is repeated in each bore 1b. Be seen. As described above, according to the valve structure of the present embodiment, since the intake valve mechanism is configured by using the rotary valve 22 that rotates in synchronization with the drive shaft 6, the flapper that has been conventionally used as an intake valve. Since the opening area of the valve can be made larger than that of the valve, the loss of suction pressure can be reduced and therefore the volumetric efficiency can be improved.

Further, it is possible to eliminate the risk of noise and damage such as when using the flapper valve. Further, since the rotary valve 22 that rotates together with the drive shaft is housed in the housing cylinder 24 and can rotate smoothly, it is possible to prevent power loss due to friction, abnormal wear, seizure, etc. It will be good. That is, the rotary valve 22
Is the cylinder block 1, valve plate 3
And a portion where the rear housing 4 is combined,
It is difficult to control the dimensions of these materials, and there are cases where it is not possible to select a material having good wear resistance due to their functional relationship. Therefore, by interposing the storage tube 24, the dimensional accuracy and the degree of freedom in selecting the material are improved, and the processing and assembling work are simplified.

In the above embodiment, the swing swash plate type compressor constituted by using the single head type piston having the piston head on one side has been described as an example, but the swash plate chamber is provided at the center of the cylinder block. The present invention can also be applied to a swash plate compressor in which double-headed pistons are reciprocally moved in bores provided oppositely to each other. In this case, similar passages and rotary valves are arranged symmetrically with respect to the front and rear bores, respectively, but the intake stroke and the discharge stroke of the front side and the rear side are the same for one piston. Since it is reversed, the two rotary valves are approximately 180 °
The phase may be shifted and fixed to the drive shaft so that the refrigerant gas flows from the suction chamber into each bore in the suction stroke.

[0014]

According to the present invention, a cylinder block having a plurality of bores parallel to the shaft center, a drive shaft fitted and supported in a central shaft hole of the cylinder block, and the drive shaft coacts with the drive shaft. An end face of the cylinder block is closed by a piston that is linked to a swash plate and moves directly in the bore, a suction chamber that communicates with the central shaft hole, and a discharge chamber that is formed outside the suction chamber. Housing, a conduction path for connecting each of the bores with the suction chamber, and a suction passage for sequentially connecting the suction passage, which is integrally rotatably mounted on the drive shaft and is in the suction stroke, to the suction passage. In the piston reciprocating compressor, the pressure loss is small, and the occurrence of noise and breakage can be reasonably reduced.

Further, since the rotary valve is constructed so as to be slidably engaged with the housing cylinder, the rotary valve rotates smoothly, and power loss due to friction, abnormal wear, seizure, etc. can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a swash plate compressor according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a partition plate according to the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a storage cylinder according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a rotary valve according to an embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Cylinder block 1a ... Central shaft hole 1b ... Bore 2 ... Front housing 3 ... Valve plate 4 ... Rear housing 6 ... Drive shaft 15 ... Piston 21 ... Conducting passage 2
2 ... rotary valve 24 ... storage cylinder 24a ... conduction window 25 ... suction passage

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A cylinder block having a plurality of bores parallel to an axis, a drive shaft inserted and supported in a central shaft hole of the cylinder block, and a swash plate cooperating with the drive shaft. A piston that directly moves in the bore, a suction chamber that communicates with the central shaft hole, and a discharge chamber that is formed in an outer region of the suction chamber, and that closes an end surface of the cylinder block; A conduction path that electrically connects the bore and the central shaft hole, a storage cylinder that has a conduction window that matches the conduction path, and is housed in the central shaft hole, and a drive shaft that is housed in the storage cylinder. A piston reciprocating compressor, comprising: a rotary valve that is integrally rotatably mounted and has a suction passage that sequentially connects the passage of each bore in the suction stroke and the suction chamber.