JPH05876A - Composting equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] Producing compost in a short time without the need for turning back in compost production. [Composition] An air supply means 12 comprising an air supply pipe 8 having a large number of ejection holes 8A is provided in the lower part of the compost tank 1, and an intake means comprising an intake pipe 9 having an intake hole 9A in the upper part of the compost tank 1. A circulation driving body U is provided outside the compost tank 1 to circulate air from the air supply means 12 through the inside of the sediment layer 5 to the intake means 14, and the intake pipe 9 is provided inside the manure tank 1. Is placed on the uppermost surface of the sedimentary layer 5 and the uppermost surface of the sedimentary layer 5 including the intake pipe 9 is covered with a holding sheet 6 for suppressing the dissipation of fermentation heat and the like.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composting apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There is a composting apparatus for producing compost by putting compost materials such as rice husks, rice straw and grass into a composting tank to have an appropriate water content and fermenting the compost materials. When compost is produced with this type of compost production equipment, it is absolutely necessary to keep the inside of the sediment layer of the compost material aerobic in order to accelerate the reaction rate of the composting by microorganisms. An air supply pipe is provided in the lower part of the inside to ventilate air.

[0003]

However, since the conventional composting apparatus only ventilates air from the lower part of the compost tank, there is a decrease in temperature due to the dissipation of air as well as the dissipation of fermentation heat (gas). there were. That is, if the supplied air is left to diffuse, the amount of air becomes excessive, leading to energy loss, and the reaction when composting the compost material is the highest organic matter at about 50-60 ° C called thermophile. Since it is a microorganism with degrading activity, if the heat of fermentation is dissipated, it will lower the temperature, delay composting, and have temperature unevenness in the compost tank, so that uniform and good quality compost can be produced in a short time. Was difficult.

In view of the above point, the present invention suppresses the amount of air by circulating the air supply from the lower part in the compost tank and the exhaust gas from the upper part in a closed loop, and furthermore, the maximum amount of the sediment layer in the compost tank. By covering the upper surface with a sheet that prevents the dissipation of fermentation heat, the entire sedimentary layer in the compost tank is maintained at a temperature suitable for the activity of microorganisms that have the activity of decomposing organic matter, so that there is no need to switch back. The objective is to produce good quality compost in a short time even with a simple device.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention is directed to compost production in which air is sent to the inside of a sediment layer 5 of a compost material 5A in a compost tank 1 to ferment the compost material in the compost tank 1 to produce compost. In the device, the following technical measures are taken to achieve the above-mentioned object. That is, according to the present invention, the air supply means 12 including the air supply pipe 8 having a large number of ejection holes 8A is provided in the lower part of the compost tank 1, and the intake hole 9A is provided in the upper part of the compost tank 1.
An intake unit 14 including an intake pipe 9 having the above is provided, and a circulation drive unit U for circulating air from the air supply unit 12 through the inside of the deposition layer 5 to the intake unit 14 is provided outside the compost tank 1. The intake pipe 9 is placed on the uppermost surface of the sedimentary layer 5 in the compost tank 1, and the uppermost surface of the sedimentary layer 5 including the intake pipe 9 is covered with a holding sheet 6 for suppressing the dissipation of fermentation heat and the like. It is a feature.

[0006]

According to the present invention, air is supplied from the lower part of the sediment layer 5 of the compost material 5A stacked in the compost tank 1 by the air supply means 12 including the air supply pipe 8 having a large number of ejection holes 8A. Together with the intake means consisting of the intake pipe 9
Since it is exhausted by 14, and both are made into a closed loop by the circulation drive unit U, there is little escape area for air, so
Compost material with a small amount of air.

Since the pressing sheet 6 including the intake pipe 9 is covered on the uppermost surface of the sedimentary layer 5, heat dissipation due to the activity of microorganisms is suppressed, and the whole sedimentary layer 5 has an organic matter decomposing activity. Is maintained at the activity temperature of the microorganisms with the kinetics, the reaction rate is accelerated and a uniform composting is ensured throughout.

[0008]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1 showing the overall configuration, the compost tank 1 includes a plurality of columns 3 that can be erected by inserting or screwing into a cylinder 2A of a base plate 2 that is installed on the ground, and a sleeve portion 4A that fits into the columns 3. The heat-insulating side wall sheet 4 has.

The side wall sheet 4 is formed by coating a two-layer foam material with a polyethylene cloth sheet. The so-called foam material provides heat insulation and the polyethylene cloth sheet provides weather resistance and durability. It was done.
The side wall sheet 4 is internally provided with a flexible plastic tape for imparting shape retention at the time of assembly, and has a connecting portion 4B such as a slide fastener and male and female hooks on both side edges. For those further stacked above the second stage, the upper edge of the lower side wall sheet 4 when assembled as shown in FIG. 3 has a skirt 4C on the inner surface of the lower end and is bifurcated. The inner and outer gaps are closed by straddling.

The height of the pillar 3 and the width of the side wall sheet 4 are about 50 cm, and they are assembled by the connecting portion 4B in a cylindrical shape. The efficiency increases, and the entire compost material 5A can be evenly wetted. On the uppermost surface of the sediment layer 5 of the compost material 5A, a heat-insulating holding sheet 6 is placed so as to cover the compost material 5A, which prevents the heat of fermentation from being dissipated in the compost material 5A and progresses the fermentation. Deposited layer 5
Since it reduces the volume, it is designed so as not to lose its heat insulating property by following it.

The entire compost tank 1 is surrounded and covered with an outer cover 7. This outer cover 7 is made of a sheet formed by evaporating aluminum on a plastic sheet so as to have a heat radiation preventing property. With this, this outer cover 7
This is effective in avoiding heat dissipation due to internal fermentation, preventing evaporation of water from the material, and isolating it from the effects of wind and rain.

The air supply pipe 8 has a large number of ejection holes 8A at the center of the bottom of the compost tank 1 as shown in FIG.
8 is laid on the ground, and its ejection hole 8A is provided so that its side surface opens in the installed state. This air supply pipe 8 is composed of a main pipe and a branch pipe, and the reason for arranging this in the center of the tank 1 is to blow the air thoroughly over the entire compost material 5A, and the ejection holes 8A are for the compost material 5A. It is made so as not to be easily blocked by accumulation, and may be opened further downward from the side surface.

An intake pipe 9 is placed on the compost material 5A inside the pressing sheet 6, and the intake pipe 9
Has a flat rectangular shape and has an intake hole similar to the air supply pipe 8.
9A is opened on the side, and its function is to suck the exhaust gas inside which has become hot due to the fermentation of the compost material 5A, while blowing the air from the air supply pipe 8 at the bottom of the tank into the tank 1. Eliminate the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the compost material 5A
It is provided in order to uniformly ferment the whole.

It is desirable that both the air supply pipe 8 and the intake pipe 9 are made of a hard vinyl chloride pipe which is resistant to corrosion. As shown in FIG. 2, an intake pipe 9 is placed on the center of the uppermost surface of the deposited layer 5, and by covering the entire uppermost surface including the intake pipe 9 with the pressing sheet 6, the thickness (diameter of the pipe 9 ), A rectangular space 10 is formed, which ensures suction of exhaust gas and the like.

An air supply hose 11 is connected to the air supply pipe 8 to serve as an air supply means 12, and an intake hose 13 having a bellows type flexibility is connected to the intake pipe 9 to form an air intake means 14. Both hoses 11 and 13 are connected to the circulation drive unit U provided outside the tank in a closed loop. In addition, the reason why the intake hose 13 is of bellows type is to ensure that the intake pipe 9 descends when the volume of the sedimentary layer decreases with the progress of fermentation of the compost material, following this.

The circulation drive unit U is a unit,
As shown in FIG. 1, a blower 15 driven by a motor 15A,
A control unit 16 including a timer and a valve switch for intermittently operating the blower 15, a bifurcated suction pipe 17 and a blowout pipe 18 to the blower 15, and respective suction pipes 17 and blowout pipes. It is composed of a regulating valve 19 attached to the valve 18.

The blow-out pipe 18 is provided with a thermometer 20 for measuring the temperature of the air passing through the inside thereof, and the suction pipe 17 is provided with a fresh air intake 22 having a regulating valve 21. ,
An air supply hose 11 is connected to the extension of the blowoff pipe 18,
Air is supplied to the air supply pipe 8 through the air supply hose 11. Further, an intake hose 13 is connected to the suction pipe 17, thereby forming a closed loop, and the air blown at this time is in accordance with the introduction of outside air from the fresh air intake 22,
If necessary, the generated circulating gas is mixed and supplied in the tank 1 from the suction pipe 17 and the intake hose 13. The thermometer 20 is provided for checking the temperature of the mixed air supplied to the inside at this time and adjusting the mixing ratio and the like with the adjusting valve 19.

In addition, in FIG. 7, reference numeral 23 is a brace for connecting the base plate 2 or the column 3 in a cross shape for the purpose of assembling. However, as shown in FIG. 6, by moving an anchor or the like into the fixing hole 2B provided in the base plate 2, it is possible to prevent the plate 2 from moving.
Whether or not to use 23 is free. Further, the base plate 2 of FIG. 6 is formed with a cutout portion 2C into which the tubular body 2A can be fitted, and the tubular body 2A is fitted into the cutout portion 2C to carry a plurality of base plates 2 in a bulky state for transportation. I am trying to make a good flight.

Next, the steps of assembling the composting apparatus having the above structure and manufacturing the fertilizer will be described as follows. First, the air supply hose 11 is connected to the air supply pipe 8 and the intake hose 13 is connected to the intake pipe 9. Next, at a predetermined position interval, 6 to 10 of the base plates 2 are arranged and fixed, and the pillars 3 of the first stage are fitted into the base plate 2 to stand upright, and the sleeve 4A provided on the side wall sheet 4 is attached. The polygonal cylindrical compost tank 1 is assembled by inserting the side wall sheets 4 adjacent to each other by the connecting portion 4B while inserting the compost tank 3 into the pillar 3 via the above.

An air supply pipe 8 connected to an air supply hose 11 is laid inside the tank 1 thus assembled. Into the tank 1 constructed in this way, rice straw is cut into about 5 cm and the compost material 5A is placed and deposited. At this time, it is desirable to mix chicken manure or an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate or lime nitrogen as the nitrogen content. This is because rice straw alone lacks nitrogen, and nitrogen is essential as a nutrient for the growth of microorganisms.

Here, water is applied so that the compost material 5A becomes soaked. Sprinkle enough water so that it is not too small.
If the amount of water is too large, it will penetrate underground, so there is no problem. The fertilizer and the ripening accelerator may be sprinkled evenly on water and then sprinkled evenly. Next, assemble the columns 3 and the side wall sheets 4 in the same way as in the second and third steps in the same manner as above, put in the compost material 5A and deposit it, sprinkle fertilizer and water, and then connect the intake hose 13. Place the intake pipe 9 on the top of the compost material and lower the intake hose 13 to the ground.

A cover body is formed by covering the deposition layer 5 of the compost material 5A and the intake pipe 9 with a pressing sheet 6 and covering the cover with a cover sheet to deposit the compost material inside. Then, the outer cover 7 is covered so as to cover the tank body. This outer cover 7
It is desirable to bind it with a string or rubber so that it does not curl. After that, the air supply hose 11 and the intake hose 13 are connected to the blow-out pipe 18 and the suction pipe 17 of the circulation drive unit U, respectively.
Connect to.

After that, the inside of the tank 1 was left to stand until the fermentation proceeded, and after the temperature in the tank main body reached 55 to 60 ° C. due to the growth of microorganisms, the control unit 16 such as a timer was operated to lower the inside of the tank 1. The combustible material 5A is blown intermittently from the top, and exhaust gas and the like is sucked from the upper part and circulated. At this time, the mixing ratio of the gas generated in the tank 1 and the outside air is adjusted by measuring the outside air temperature, the residual oxygen amount in the tank, the humidity, or the like, or based on empirically set calibration data.

When fermenting the compost material inside the tank in this way, although there are differences depending on the compost material, it is confirmed that when rice straw is used as the compost material, the compost can be obtained in about one-fifth of the conventional period. Was given. As long as the temperature in the tank 1 allows the growth of microorganisms, it is possible to blow air intermittently from the beginning, or even in the case of blowing only outside air,
If a heater (not shown) is used to raise the temperature of the outside air and blow it in, there is no problem even in a cold region where the outside air temperature is low.

Further, the time interval of the intermittent blowing and the blowing time are mainly determined by the residual oxygen amount in the tank 1. Strictly speaking, oxygen consumption per hour is different in the early, middle, and final stages of fermentation, so if straw rice straw is used as the compost material, it is blown intermittently in a cycle of 2 hours, 3 hours, or 5 hours, respectively. It is appropriate to get compost in the shortest possible time. However, even if the residual oxygen amount in the tank 1 becomes zero, the aerobic bacteria will not be killed and only the activity will be stopped. Therefore, the aerobic bacteria may be blown at time intervals of the greatest common divisor.

The heat during fermentation is prevented from being dissipated by the holding sheet 6, and the skirt portion 4C is prevented from being dissipated in the stacking portion of the side wall sheet 4, whereby a temperature suitable for the activity of microorganisms is obtained. Is maintained, and
Intrusion of rainwater from the stacking part is also prevented by the double skirt 4C inside and outside. Intake pipe 9 is space
Since gas or the like is sucked from the portion having 10, suction resistance is low and clogging does not occur.

Further, even if the fermentation progresses and the volume is reduced, the intake pipe 9 follows the intake and the bellows type intake hose 13
Due to its flexibility, it sinks without displacement and the pressing sheet 6 also follows. As a result, the aerobic bacteria breeding conditions are preferably maintained in the compost tank 1, and the compost material is uniformly composted throughout the tank.

After the composting is completed, the outer cover 7 is removed, the holding sheet 6, the intake pipe 9 and the like are removed, and the connecting portion 4B of the side wall sheet 4 is detached and detached from the column 3. Since the side wall sheet 4 is separable at the connecting portion 4B, the ease of assembly and disassembly is improved, and when compost is taken out,
By partially removing the side wall sheet 4 and leaving the rest of the sheet 4 as it is, the removal of the compost can be facilitated while preventing the compost from collapsing.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the column 3
The roof portion of the outer cover 7 is formed as a dome 7A by providing the dome forming member 24 in a cross shape and detachably attached to each other to prevent rainwater and the like from accumulating. Others are common to the above-described embodiments. .. 9 to 11 show another embodiment of the present invention, in which a temperature or oxygen amount detection sensor 25 is provided and connected to the control unit 16 of the blower 15.

When the sensor 25 is a temperature sensor, the control unit 16 causes the motor 15A to rotate when the fermentation temperature rises to about 60 ° C. or higher and stops the motor 15A when the fermentation temperature drops to about 55 ° C. or lower. The blower 15 is controlled so that the fermentation temperature is maintained within the set range of about 55-60 ° C. Further, when the sensor 25 is an oxygen amount detection sensor, when the residual oxygen amount is small, the motor 15A is rotated by this signal to supply oxygen. At this time, the intake of fresh air, on the other hand, may cause a temperature difference in the up and down direction in order to lower the temperature of the compost material in the lower part of the tank. Therefore, in consideration of summer, winter, and temperature, if necessary, the hot gas generated in the tank is used, and this is blown together with intermittent blowing air or independently to prevent the temperature difference in the vertical direction in the tank. .. As a result, the oxygen concentration (%) is increased by intermittent blowing of fresh air and circulation of the gas generated in the tank.
Adjust the temperature (℃) to adjust the aerobic bacteria breeding conditions for aerobic bacteria.

[0031]

The present invention is as described above, and the air is supplied from the lower part of the compost tank, the generated gas is discharged from the upper part to the outside of the tank, and the gas is circulated to be supplied to the inside of the tank. Loss can be suppressed. In addition, since the top surface of the deposition tank is covered with a holding sheet that includes the intake pipe, there is no wasteful emission of fermentation gas or waste heat of fermentation, and the entire inside of the tank is uniform without lowering the temperature inside the tank. The compost can be made into the environment, and the turning back work, which was conventionally required, is no longer necessary, which makes it efficient, and it is possible to produce a uniform compost in a short time of about one month.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an entire embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a compost tank.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a compost tank side wall portion.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the bottom of the compost tank.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the upper part of the compost tank.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a base plate.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a procedure for assembling and disassembling the compost tank.

FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of a compost tank showing another embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of a compost tank showing another embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a control system.

FIG. 11 is a control characteristic diagram.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Compost Tank 5 Sedimentary Layer 5A Compost Material 8 Air Supply Pipe 9 Intake Pipe 12 Air Supply Means 14 Intake Means U Circulation Drive Unit

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tsuyoshi Tsuchida 2-4-1 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kawatetsu Shoji Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Keiichi Sanpei 64 Ishizukita-cho, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Kubota Sakai Factory

Claims (1)

[Claims] [Claim 1] A sediment layer of a compost material (5A) in a compost tank (1)
(5) In the compost manufacturing device that produces air by sending air inside and fermenting the compost material in the compost tank (1), a large number of ejection holes (8A) are provided in the lower part of the compost tank (1). An air supply means (12) comprising an air supply pipe (8) having
(1) An intake means (14) consisting of an intake pipe (9) having an intake hole (9A) is provided in the upper part, and the intake means (14) is passed from the air supply means (12) through the inside of the deposition layer (5). A circulation driving body (U) that circulates air over the whole is provided outside the compost tank (1), and the intake pipe (9) is provided with a sediment layer (5) inside the compost tank (1).
The pressing sheet that is placed on the uppermost surface of the stack and contains the intake pipe (9) on the uppermost surface of the sedimentary layer (5) that suppresses the dissipation of fermentation heat, etc.
A composting apparatus characterized by being covered with (6).