JPH05997B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH05997B2
JPH05997B2 JP59108493A JP10849384A JPH05997B2 JP H05997 B2 JPH05997 B2 JP H05997B2 JP 59108493 A JP59108493 A JP 59108493A JP 10849384 A JP10849384 A JP 10849384A JP H05997 B2 JPH05997 B2 JP H05997B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
phb
medium
culture
nitrogen
microorganisms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP59108493A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS60251889A (en
Inventor
Takao Myamori
Ryozo Numazawa
Akihiro Sakimae
Hisao Oonishi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
Priority to JP59108493A priority Critical patent/JPS60251889A/en
Publication of JPS60251889A publication Critical patent/JPS60251889A/en
Publication of JPH05997B2 publication Critical patent/JPH05997B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、微生物によるポリ(β−ヒドロキシ
酪酸)(以下PHBと称する)の製造法に関する。 PHBは下記式で表わされる熱可塑性ポリエス
テルであり、生物分解性、生体吸収性、高結晶
性、圧電性、光学活性等を示し、しかも酸、アル
カリ、光、空気及びほとんどの有機溶媒に対し強
い抵抗性を有する。 PHBは例えば糸、繊維、膜等に加工できるた
め、ポリプロピレンの代替品として、また縫合
糸、外科用ピン、コーテイング材料、圧電膜等の
素材として有用である。PHBは糖質例えばグル
コール、フラクトース等を原料として、微生物を
用いて生産できることが知られている。PHBを
生産する微生物としては、アルカリゲネス・フア
セカリス(Alcaligenes facecalis),アルカリゲ
ネス・ルーランデイ(Al.ruhlandi)、アルカリゲ
ネス・ラルス(Al.larus)、アルカリゲネス・ア
クアマリヌス)Al.aquamarinus)、アルカリゲネ
ス・エウトロフス(Al.eutrophus)、バチルス・
メガテリウム(Bacillus megaterium)、シユー
ドモナス・フアシリス(Pseudomonas facilis)、
アゾトバクター・クロオコツカム(Azotobactor
chroococum)、アゾトバクター・ビネランデイ
(A.vinelandi)等が知られている。 これらの微生物を、糖質を炭素源とする培地を
用いて培養すると、PHBが菌体内に蓄積され、
通常は例えば超音波処理により菌体を破壊したの
ち、PHB可溶性溶媒を用いてPHBを抽出する。
しかしアゾトバクター属の微生物は菌体を破壊せ
ずにPHBを抽出できるため好ましいとされてい
る(特開昭55−118394号参照)。特にアゾトバク
ター・ビネランデイ(以下ビネランデイ種と略称
する)の菌株は、菌体が大きく、培地から菌体を
分離するのに便利であること、生産されるPHB
の分子量が200万程度と他の微生物から得られる
PHBより高分子量であるため、PHBの性能が優
れているなどの特色を有する。しかしこの微生物
は窒素固定に多くのエネルギーを消費し、そのた
め増殖率及び菌体収率が低いという窒素固定菌に
共通する欠点を有する。ビネランデイ種の菌株を
窒素を含む培地で培養すれば、窒素固定にエネル
ギーを消費せずに済み、増殖率が高まることが考
えられる。しかし培地に窒素源を加えると、増殖
率は高まるが、菌体中のPHB含有率が低下する
ため、PHBの生産性は向上しない(ジヤーナ
ル・オブ・バクテリオロジー91巻1号304〜310頁
1966年参照)。 本発明者らは、ビネランデイ種の菌株を用いる
PHBの製造法について研究した結果、微生物の
増殖率が高く、しかも菌体中のPHB含有率が低
下しない培養条件を見出した。 本発明はこの知見に基づくもので、炭素源中の
炭素と窒素源中の窒素の重量比が6〜50:1であ
る培地に、アゾトバクター・ビネランデイ又はそ
の変異株を培養し、培養物からポリ(β−ヒドロ
キシ酪酸)を採取することを特徴とする、ポリ
(β−ヒドロキシ酪酸)の製造法である。 本発明に用いられるA.ビネランデイ種の菌株
としては、例えばIFO 3741、IFO 12018、IFO
13581等があげられる。これらの変異株を用いる
ことも当然可能である。 炭素源としては、糖類例えばグルコース、フラ
クトース等が用いられる。培地中の炭素源の濃度
は10〜50g/が好ましい。窒素源としては、ア
ンモニウム塩例えば硝酸アンモニウム、塩化アン
モニウム、硫酸アンモニウムなどが用いられる。
培地には燐源、無機塩類、ビタミン等を添加して
もよい。燐源としては、燐酸化合物例えば燐酸二
カリウム、燐酸二ナトリウムなどが好ましい。 本発明において培地中の炭素源中の炭素と窒素
源中の窒素との重量比(C/N比)は6〜50:
1、好ましくは10〜40:1であつて、これは下記
のように計算する。グルコース100g中の炭素重
量は40g、硝酸アンモニウム50g中の窒素重量は
17.5gであるから、グルコース100g及び硝酸ア
ンモニウム50gを含有する培地のC/N比は2.3
となる。この計算法に基づいて培地中のC/N比
を適当に調整する。培地中のC/N比が6より低
いと菌体中のPHB含有率が低下し、またC/N
比が50より高いと微生物の増殖率が低下して
PHBの収量が減少する。 本発明を実施するに際しては、C/N比が6〜
50である培地中でビネランデイ種の菌株又はその
変異株を培養する。培養は通常50℃以下の温度、
PH2〜11の範囲で行われる。微生物の生育を促進
するため、通常は振盪、通気攪拌等により好気的
に培養することが好ましい。二段培養を行うこと
もできる。 培養終了後、例えば遠心分離により菌体を分離
し、この菌体を水、アセトン、メタノールなどで
洗浄したのち、PHBを抽出する。この抽出には
PHBが可溶な溶剤、例えばクロロホルム、塩化
メチレン、エチレンカーボネイト等が用いられ
る。抽出液にメタノール/水(4/1)混液、n
−ヘキサンなどを加えてPHBを凝固させ、乾燥
すると、固形のPHBが得られる。 本発明方法によれば、PHB生産菌の増殖率が
高く、しかも菌体中のPHB含有率が低下しない
ため、PHBを高収率で得ることができる。 実施例 1 アゾトバクター・ビネランデイIFO 13581を
0.3g含有する培養液を、第1表に示す組成の液
体培地(C/N比=34.3、PH7.7)1に植菌し
た。
The present invention relates to a method for producing poly(β-hydroxybutyric acid) (hereinafter referred to as PHB) using microorganisms. PHB is a thermoplastic polyester represented by the following formula, and exhibits biodegradability, bioabsorption, high crystallinity, piezoelectricity, optical activity, etc., and is resistant to acids, alkalis, light, air, and most organic solvents. Has resistance. Since PHB can be processed into threads, fibers, membranes, etc., it is useful as a substitute for polypropylene and as a material for sutures, surgical pins, coating materials, piezoelectric membranes, etc. It is known that PHB can be produced using microorganisms using carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose as raw materials. Microorganisms that produce PHB include Alcaligenes facecalis, Al.ruhlandi, Al.larus, Al.aquamarinus), Alcaligenes eutrophus (Al. eutrophus), Bacillus
Megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), Pseudomonas facilis (Pseudomonas facilis),
Azotobacter
chroococum), Azotobacter vinelandi (A. vinelandi), etc. When these microorganisms are cultured using a medium that uses carbohydrates as a carbon source, PHB accumulates inside the microbial cells,
Usually, after the bacterial cells are destroyed by, for example, ultrasonication, PHB is extracted using a PHB-soluble solvent.
However, microorganisms of the genus Azotobacter are considered preferable because PHB can be extracted without destroying the bacterial cells (see JP-A-55-118394). In particular, the strain of Azotobacter vinelandii (hereinafter abbreviated as vinelandii species) has a large bacterial body, which is convenient for separating the bacterial cells from the culture medium, and the PHB produced.
has a molecular weight of about 2 million and can be obtained from other microorganisms.
Since it has a higher molecular weight than PHB, it has characteristics such as superior performance to PHB. However, this microorganism has the drawbacks common to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as consuming a lot of energy for nitrogen fixation and therefore having a low growth rate and cell yield. If a strain of Vignerandii is cultivated in a medium containing nitrogen, it is possible that energy will not be consumed for nitrogen fixation and the growth rate will increase. However, when a nitrogen source is added to the culture medium, although the growth rate increases, the PHB content in the bacterial cells decreases, so PHB productivity does not improve (Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 304-310)
(see 1966). We use strains of Vinellandii sp.
As a result of research on the method for producing PHB, we found culture conditions that allow for a high growth rate of microorganisms and that do not reduce the PHB content in the bacterial cells. The present invention is based on this knowledge, and involves culturing Azotobacter vinellandii or a mutant strain thereof in a medium in which the weight ratio of carbon in the carbon source to nitrogen in the nitrogen source is 6 to 50:1, and then producing polypolymers from the culture. This is a method for producing poly(β-hydroxybutyric acid), which is characterized by collecting (β-hydroxybutyric acid). Examples of strains of A. vinelandii used in the present invention include IFO 3741, IFO 12018, IFO
Examples include 13581. Of course, it is also possible to use these mutant strains. As the carbon source, sugars such as glucose and fructose are used. The concentration of carbon source in the medium is preferably 10 to 50 g/. As the nitrogen source, ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, etc. are used.
A phosphorus source, inorganic salts, vitamins, etc. may be added to the medium. As the phosphorus source, phosphoric acid compounds such as dipotassium phosphate and disodium phosphate are preferred. In the present invention, the weight ratio (C/N ratio) between carbon in the carbon source and nitrogen in the nitrogen source in the medium is 6 to 50:
1, preferably 10 to 40:1, which is calculated as follows: The weight of carbon in 100g of glucose is 40g, and the weight of nitrogen in 50g of ammonium nitrate is
17.5g, the C/N ratio of the medium containing 100g of glucose and 50g of ammonium nitrate is 2.3.
becomes. Based on this calculation method, the C/N ratio in the medium is appropriately adjusted. When the C/N ratio in the medium is lower than 6, the PHB content in the bacterial cells decreases, and the C/N
When the ratio is higher than 50, the growth rate of microorganisms decreases.
The yield of PHB is reduced. When carrying out the present invention, the C/N ratio is 6 to 6.
A strain of Vinellandii sp. or a mutant strain thereof is cultured in a medium with a pH of 50%. Culture is usually at a temperature below 50℃,
It is carried out in the pH range of 2 to 11. In order to promote the growth of microorganisms, it is usually preferable to culture the microorganisms aerobically by shaking, aerating, or the like. Two-stage culture can also be performed. After completion of the culture, the bacterial cells are separated, for example, by centrifugation, and after washing the bacterial cells with water, acetone, methanol, etc., PHB is extracted. For this extraction
A solvent in which PHB is soluble, such as chloroform, methylene chloride, ethylene carbonate, etc., is used. Add methanol/water (4/1) mixture to the extract, n
- Solid PHB is obtained by solidifying PHB by adding hexane etc. and drying it. According to the method of the present invention, since the growth rate of PHB-producing bacteria is high and the PHB content in the bacterial cells does not decrease, PHB can be obtained at a high yield. Example 1 Azotobacter vinelandii IFO 13581
A culture solution containing 0.3 g was inoculated into a liquid medium (C/N ratio = 34.3, PH 7.7) 1 having the composition shown in Table 1.

【表】 48時間ミニジヤーフアーメンターで通気攪拌培
養を行つたのち、遠心分離して菌体を分離し、水
及びアセトンで洗浄し、クロロホルムで抽出し
た。次いでn−ヘキサンで凝固させたのち乾燥
し、PHB7.8gを得た。菌体中のPHB含有率は65
%であつた。 実施例 2〜8 第2表に示すC/N比の培地を用い、実施例1
と同様にして培養を行い、PHBを得た。その結
果を第2表に示す。
[Table] After culturing with aeration in a mini-jar fermenter for 48 hours, the cells were separated by centrifugation, washed with water and acetone, and extracted with chloroform. Next, it was coagulated with n-hexane and then dried to obtain 7.8 g of PHB. PHB content in bacterial cells is 65
It was %. Examples 2 to 8 Using a culture medium with a C/N ratio shown in Table 2, Example 1
Culture was carried out in the same manner as above to obtain PHB. The results are shown in Table 2.

【表】 比較例 グルコース30g/及び硝酸アンモニウム7
g/を含有する培地(C/N比4.9)を用い、
実施例1と同様にして培養を行い、PHBを得た。
その結果、菌体量12.5g、PHB含有率20%、
PHB収量2.5gであつた。
[Table] Comparative example Glucose 30g/and ammonium nitrate 7
Using a medium (C/N ratio 4.9) containing g/
Culture was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain PHB.
As a result, the amount of bacterial cells was 12.5g, the PHB content was 20%,
The PHB yield was 2.5 g.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 炭素源中の炭素と窒素源中の窒素の重量比が
6〜50:1である培地に、アゾトバクター・ビネ
ランデイ又はその変異株を培養し、培養物からポ
リ(β−ヒドロキシ酪酸)を採取することを特徴
とする、ポリ(β−ヒドロキシ酪酸)の製造法。
1. Cultivate Azotobacter vinellandii or its mutant strain in a medium in which the weight ratio of carbon in the carbon source to nitrogen in the nitrogen source is 6 to 50:1, and collect poly(β-hydroxybutyric acid) from the culture. A method for producing poly(β-hydroxybutyric acid), characterized by:
JP59108493A 1984-05-30 1984-05-30 Preparation of poly (beta-hydroxybutyric acid) Granted JPS60251889A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59108493A JPS60251889A (en) 1984-05-30 1984-05-30 Preparation of poly (beta-hydroxybutyric acid)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59108493A JPS60251889A (en) 1984-05-30 1984-05-30 Preparation of poly (beta-hydroxybutyric acid)

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60251889A JPS60251889A (en) 1985-12-12
JPH05997B2 true JPH05997B2 (en) 1993-01-07

Family

ID=14486169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59108493A Granted JPS60251889A (en) 1984-05-30 1984-05-30 Preparation of poly (beta-hydroxybutyric acid)

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60251889A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4876331A (en) * 1987-08-18 1989-10-24 Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation Copolyester and process for producing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60251889A (en) 1985-12-12

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