JPH06158531A - Washing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To remove stain difficult to remove in laundries or by dry cleaning without imparting damage to clothes by washing clothes with a mixed liquid obtained by mixing a carbon fluoride liquid with a fluorocarbon-based solvent and further adding a fluorocarbon-based surfactant thereto. CONSTITUTION:A fluorocarbon liquid such as FC-51-14 expressed by the formula C6F14, FC-61-16 expressed by the formula C7F16 or FC-7118 expressed by the formula C6F18 is mixed with a fluorine-based solvent CFC-113 expressed by the formula C2Cl3F3 and an anionic type fluorine-based surfactant expressed by formula I or a nonionic type fluorine-based surfactant expressed by formula II is added to the mixture in order to solubilize or emulsify the fluorocarbon liquid to prepare a mixed liquid, with the proviso that in the formula I and the formula II, n is 7-10 and n is 7-8 in the case where water is added, n is 9-10 in the case where organic solvent is added. Clothes are washed for l-5min using the mixed liquid and then the liquid is removed and then the clothes are dried with hot air.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for washing clothes and the like using a novel cleaning liquid.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional washing method, water, which has been used since the origin of washing, is used. Laundry is effective for removing water-soluble dirt, perchlorethylene is effective for removing oil-soluble dirt, and organic. Dry cleaning with solvent etc.
Known are powder cleaning, which uses corn cores and the like in powder, and shampoo cleaning, which uses foam.

[0003]

Laundry is effective for removing water-soluble stains caused by sweat of natural materials and absorbent fiber products such as recycled fibers. However, the water used has a molecular weight of 18%. Although it is small, it seems to be associated, but because it is liquid at room temperature, the intermolecular force is strong because it is associated, so the surface tension is very large and rapid penetration into the fiber interior is possible. It is difficult to use, but due to the combined use of surfactants, time, and physical force, the molecular diameter is small after permeation, so it easily penetrates into coarse parts such as amorphous parts inside the fiber and swells the fiber. Will end up. Therefore, cellulose fibers cause hygral expansion (fiber expansion), and animal fibers also cause hygral expansion, causing shrinkage of the fabric. Further, in the case of a woolen fabric, the scale covering the fiber surface is opened, and the physical force during the washing is applied, whereby the entanglement between the scales is significantly increased, and the felting phenomenon occurs. Further, in the case of a silk fabric, the glossiness of the surface is likely to be lost due to the loudness defect that microfibers (fibrils) are piled up on the fiber surface. In the case of synthetic fibers such as polyester, fiber swelling due to temperature occurs, and solid particles are likely to enter the roughened fiber portion to cause redeposition. As described above, in the laundry, the fibers are swollen to cause injuries such as shrinkage of the product, change in form, change in texture and the like.

Therefore, dry cleaning using an organic solvent has been developed as a washing method for preventing fibers from swelling. Since the organic solvent is a non-polar solvent, the amount of water dissolved therein is small, and the molecular weight of the organic solvent currently generally used is 133.5 to 187.5, which is very large compared to the molecular weight of water. It does not penetrate into the interior and does not swell the fiber. As the organic solvent used, perchlorethylene, which has a large oil-soluble stain removing ability, that is, a large KB value (kauributanol value), is most often used. However, textile products are those that have undergone various finishing processes to improve the properties of the fibers, those that contain oils and fats themselves such as hair products, or pigment prints are used, and the KB value is used as an auxiliary material. Since there are quite a few cases where chemical agents that dissolve in high-solvents are used, washing with perchlorethylene, which has a large KB value, causes these substances to be removed together with oil-soluble stains, resulting in damage that reduces the product value. Will end up. As mentioned above, water-soluble stains are laundry,
Oil-soluble dirt is easy to remove by dry cleaning,
Other stains include insoluble stains such as solid particles.
This insoluble stain is due to electrical repulsion and van der W
Since they are attached to the fiber due to the difference with the aals attraction force, these forces must be removed by reducing these forces or imparting energy above these forces.

Therefore, stains that are difficult to remove by laundry and dry cleaning are removed by applying a physical force such as a surfactant, an alkali auxiliary agent, or stirring. A surfactant has a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group in one molecule, and in a solvent, it forms a molecular assembly (micelle) in which the part that is soluble in the solvent is on the outside and the part that is not soluble is on the inside. The inside of the micelle has the opposite properties of the solvent. When the solvent is water, it is possible to dissolve an organic solvent, and when the solvent is an organic solvent, it is possible to dissolve a solvent opposite to water (solubilization). Dissolve and remove stains that do not dissolve the solvent. As a matter of course, the dirt removal rate varies depending on the physical force and the amount and type of additives, and the goodness or badness of the detergency is evaluated.
Therefore, it is desirable that the solvent remove dirt as much as possible, but at the same time, it is important that it does not damage the object to be washed.

Next, various numerical values that need to be considered as a solvent are shown in Table 1.
Shown in

[0007]

[Table 1] In the table, underlined items indicate problems in use. Of these, the fluorinated solvent CFC-11
Although No. 3 is used as a relatively mild dry cleaning solvent, it becomes a problem as a causative substance such as ozone layer depletion and global warming, and its production is prohibited. As shown in Table 1, there are various requirements as a solvent, and a solvent used in laundry using water and dry cleaning using an organic solvent are distinguished. However, there is a reciprocal relationship between the detergency and the damage to the object to be washed, and if the removal rate of dirt is increased, the damage caused by water or an organic solvent becomes large.

Since the spread of high-grade products has increased the number of clothing items in which the delicate texture is valued in recent years, petroleum-based solvents and CFC-113 (Chemical formula 1) are often used as solvents having a mild resin dissolving power (chemical power). Although they have come to be used, even though they have KB values smaller than those of perchlorethylene, they have a resin dissolving power and may cause injury. Further Table 1
The petroleum solvent has flammability and toxicity, and various boiling points cause various injuries due to drying.
No. 13 also had the problem of ozone layer destruction as described above.

[0009]

[Chemical 1]

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems] From the above, as the washing method, laundry to be washed with water is laundry,
Items to be washed that are not affected by the dissolving power of organic solvents should be dry cleaned with perchlorethylene. The object to be washed which is difficult to be treated by any of these methods is to avoid the risk of dry cleaning using a petroleum solvent or CFC-113 which is a relatively mild organic solvent having a problem halfway through, It is desirable to treat with a liquid that has no dissolving power, that is, has a KB value of zero.

Therefore, the present invention is a washing method using a newly discovered liquid which does not have the dissolving power, which is a drawback of laundry and dry cleaning, and which removes chemical damage to an object to be washed. The liquid of the present invention is FC-51-14 (Chemical Formula 2), FC-
61-16 (Chemical formula 3) or FC-71-18 (Chemical formula 4)
It is a series of fluorocarbon liquids with a KB value of zero and is a medium that disperses most of the dirt that comes out of the object to be washed without dissolving it. , A processing method that eliminates the dissolving power (chemical power).

[0012]

[Chemical 2]

[0013]

[Chemical 3]

[0014]

[Chemical 4] However, since the KB value is zero, it does not dissolve water-soluble stains or oil-soluble stains, so it is difficult to perform laundry or dry cleaning as an object to be washed. For example, a combination of PVC with hair products is used. The method of the present invention is used for the treatment when the hair product part is unsuitable for laundry and the PVC part is unsuitable for dry cleaning such as clothing. Further, by adding water and an organic solvent to the liquid-soluble fluorosurfactant of the present invention, water-soluble stains and oil-soluble stains can be removed without damaging the object to be washed.

[0015]

[Examples] Fluorocarbon liquid FC-51-14 was added to an anionic surfactant which was a fluorine-based surfactant.

[0016]

[Chemical 5] Or nonionic surfactant

[0017]

[Chemical 6] Alternatively, a mixture obtained by mixing the both in an appropriate ratio is 0.03.
~ 1.0 wt% of the liquid added to the water depending on the state of dirt and the water to be washed, or the degree of influence on the organic solvent 0 ~
3000 mg / liter or 0-3000 mg / liter of an organic solvent such as perchlorethylene is added in a solubilized or emulsion state, washed for 1 to 15 minutes, drained, and dried in hot air at about 50 ° C for 10 to 15 minutes.

Since CFC-113 is an ozone depleting substance, its use amount will be reduced until 1995.
Since it is currently available, it is possible to supplement the reduced amount of CFC-113 by mixing FC-51-14 with CFC-113 during that time.

The texture of the article to be washed can be adjusted by adding an amphoteric surfactant to the above-mentioned surfactant and a cationic surfactant other than the nonionic surfactant.

However, in the chemical formula, when n = 7 to 10 and water is added, n = 7 to 8 and when an organic solvent is used, n = 9 to
Use 10.

The following Table 2 shows a comparative table of fluorocarbon liquids.

[0022]

[Table 2] Fluorocarbon is considered as a kind of fluorine-based organic solvent in a broad sense, but since it does not have a dissolving power, it will be referred to as a liquid rather than a solvent. The fluorine-based organic liquid is generally composed of any one of hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F) and carbon (C), and fluorine and carbon are indispensable.
Molecules composed of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon are stable in the atmosphere and diffuse to the ozone layer where they are decomposed by ultraviolet rays, and the chlorine atoms contained catalytically decompose ozone into oxygen molecules. Production will be banned soon. Among the dry cleaning solvents, CFC-113 (Chemical formula 1) is a member of this group. HCF in which a part of chlorine is replaced with hydrogen
C and HFC in which all chlorine is replaced with hydrogen are half-finished as a dry cleaning solvent as shown in Table 2. For example, HCFC-225 is a resin having a solubility parameter in which the solubility of the resin can be inferred. Belongs to the range of 7.5 to 10, which is the most applicable, and easily dissolves acrylic resin and the like. Furthermore, HCFC-114 has a low boiling point, is difficult to store, has a large dissolving power, and has a problem that the ozone depletion power is not zero, and it will be banned from production soon.

[0023]

According to the washing method using the newly discovered liquid according to the present invention, it is possible to remove stains which cannot be washed by laundry and dry cleaning, without causing chemical damage to the object to be washed. is there. And CFC-113
It is not an ozone-depleting substance like that, there is no danger of ignition, and there is no toxicity. Furthermore, fluorocarbon liquids FC-51-
CFC-11, which is widely used at present, if 14 is used.
Since the boiling point is close to 3, the CFC-113 washing machine can be used as it is, and except that the fluorocarbon liquids FC-61-16 or FC-71-18 having a large number of carbons also have different boiling points. For example, since the properties are similar to CFC-113, the same machine can be used by modifying the washing machine.

As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, this newly discovered liquid is much lower than CFC-113, which has a relatively low heat of vaporization even in the currently used dry cleaning solvents, and can be said to be easily dried. It can be said that the effect of mechanical damage to the wash is small. When the organic solvent to be used is collected and reused for reasons such as toxicity and price, like dry cleaning solvent, the tumble dryer using hot air is forced to dry the item to be washed. Dry. In such a case, as described above, a petroleum solvent (including n-decane and the like) having a high boiling point and a large heat of vaporization takes a long time to dry, so that the object to be washed is easily mechanically (physically) damaged. This can also be said for laundry, where the heat of vaporization of water is high, which causes various injuries due to forced drying.

That is, in the washing process using the fluorocarbon liquid, chemical influence due to water or an organic solvent can be prevented in the washing process, and in the drying process, it is easy to dry, so that laundry or dry cleaning can be performed. It is possible to significantly reduce the mechanical damage caused by forced drying. In addition, since the surface tension is significantly smaller than that of other liquids, the fibers can easily penetrate into the deep part of the fiber without swelling during cleaning. It can be said that injury can be reduced.

Furthermore, since the heat of evaporation is small, the drying energy is small because it is easy to dry, which leads to a reduction in energy cost for washing.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A washing method using fluorocarbon liquids. 2. A fluorocarbon liquid CFC in a fluorocarbon liquid
A washing method using a liquid mixed with -113. 3. A washing method using a fluorocarbon liquid or a liquid obtained by mixing a fluorocarbon solvent CFC-113 with the fluorocarbon liquid and adding a fluorosurfactant thereto. 4. A fluorocarbon liquid is FC-51-14,
The washing method according to claim 1 or 2, which is FC-61-16 or FC-71-18. 5. The washing method according to claim 3, wherein the fluorine-based surfactant is an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or a mixture thereof.