JPH06200593A - Baking method of roof tile in roller hearth kiln and pressure-worked roof tile obtained through said method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Objective] To provide a roof tile firing method in a roller hearth kiln and a pressure-processed roof tile obtained by this method. The invention is particularly suitable for the firing of pressed tiles with complex shapes. According to the method of the present invention, the tiles (1) are placed directly on the roller surface (2) and transported, especially in the front-to-back connected state. A roof tile formed by pressing a ceramic material by the method of the present invention includes a central area (101) and an overlapping curved portion (102). For firing in a roller hearth kiln, at least two continuous reinforcing ribs (103) are placed on the underside of each tile to place the tile on the rollers of the roller hearth kiln, and above each tile. On the side, the outer lower edge (108) of the overlapping curved portion (102) of the adjacent isomorphic tile (1) is placed in the area of the longitudinal edge (106) opposite the overlapping curved portion (102) of the tile. A mounting surface (107) is provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of firing roof tiles in a roller hearth kiln, and in particular to carrying out the method of the invention to provide a central area and an overlapping curved portion which are pressed from a ceramic material. The present invention relates to a roof tile that has.

The invention is used in particular, but not exclusively, for the firing of roof tiles known as Portuguese tiles or cross tiles.

[0003]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Crosstiles are plain tiles having a straight central area and a curved area for overlapping adjacent tiles, or a light S-shaped plain hollow tile, or a straight central area and a curved overlap with a large radius of curvature. And a Roman tile having an area.

All these tiles have complex shapes and do not have a single flat surface for easy and reliable placement on a roller-type continuous conveyor.

The prior art proposes various methods for firing tiles of this type. A commonly used method, as an example, is the tunnel kiln firing method, which uses a traditional car loaded with material, or a special auxiliary firing means, which is a refractory material. Consisting of a U-shaped crate-like support consisting of
It is pre-arranged so that each support in principle receives a predetermined number of tiles vertically. These supports are deposited one above the other to form several tile layers.

Another firing method is a single-layer tunnel kiln in which a single-layer tile is formed on the car, the tiles being made of a refractory material provided on the car. It is arranged and held in a vertical position by means of special supporting elements.

For tiles of particularly complicated shape, tunnel kilns are considered, but in this case a car is used,
The tiles are deposited horizontally using a special support that is connected in a stack up and down on the car.
In this case, each tile is mounted and supported on its own refractory support, which guarantees a complete retention of the tile shape during firing and thus a successful end product.

[0008]

However, all prior art tile firing processes, whether or not a refractory support for loading tiles on the car, are used in the tunnel kiln. It is necessary to load pile tiles on top. Such a method, for example, apart from the complexity of requiring loading and unloading equipment, the need for the presence of supports considerably increases the cost of the plant, while on the other hand the material is moved by car. The firing technology to be used is not the most modern technology, nor is it the most efficient. This type of kiln has a relatively long firing cycle, sometimes up to 24 hours.

All these things have a very negative impact on the cost of tiles. In the floor tile and wall tile industries, roller hearth kilns are used, which have suitable functions for the production of smooth surface coated tiles. This type of roller hearth kiln is small and exhibits a relatively short firing time.

The main object of the present invention is to provide a method of firing tiles of particularly complex shape in a roller hearth kiln without the need to use special auxiliary supports for firing the tiles. To solve the shortcomings and limitations.

[0011]

More specifically, in a roof tile having a central area and an overlapping curved portion obtained by pressing a ceramic material, for placing the tile on the rollers of a roller hearth kiln. , At least two reinforcing continuous ribs are arranged on the lower side of each tile, and on the upper side of each tile, in the area of the longitudinal edge opposite the overlapping curved section of the tile, the overlapping curved section of the adjacent tile of the same type. The object of the invention is achieved by a roof tile, characterized in that it is provided with a mounting surface for mounting the outer lower edge of the.

The pressed roof tiles thus formed are continuously fed through the roller hearth kiln without the use of special auxiliary supports, the tiles being continuous on the rollers of the roller hearth kiln. It is reliably supported by the ribs and the lower edge of the overlapping curved portion placed on the placing surface of the preceding tile. It is important that no material overload occurs in the support area at the lower edge of the overlapping curve.

Preferably, the continuous ribs extend laterally of the tile, but they can also extend longitudinally. In the latter case,
Only in the softened area of the roller hearth kiln, additional support rollers for supporting the lower edges of the overlapping curves can be placed in the roller hearth kiln.

Other features and embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from claims 8 to 6.

[0015]

Since the length of the placing surface of the continuous rib is larger than the axial distance between the two adjacent rollers, the continuous rib always has at least 2 pieces.
Securely supported on two rollers.

Since there are locking ribs projecting upward from the mounting surface on which the overlapping curved portions of the succeeding tiles are mounted, the tiles can be reliably locked to each other in the roller hearth kiln.

[0017]

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Referring to FIG. 1, 1 indicates a tile of the type known as the Portuguese or Roman tile, which is characterized by having a very complex shape. This type of tile belongs geometrically to a tile shape that can be defined as consisting of a cover-like curved portion connected to a flat. The curved portion has an edge for connecting and overlapping the corresponding flat area, which edge portion can be joined with other adjacent tiles.

The lower side of the tile 1 has the function of ensuring a good connection between the tiles and of the usual hook projections 10, joint cross ribs and various joints and notches for facilitating the laying of the tile. Besides, ribs 12 arranged only to limit the ideal flat mounting surface of the tile 1.
(3 ribs in the embodiment). More specifically, the ribs 12 are laterally arranged and have a length such that they are continuously placed on the rollers 3 of the roller surface 2 of the roller hearth kiln 4 for firing the ceramic product. For good placement, the length of the rib 12 should in principle be at least twice the axial distance between the two rollers. Of course, the lateral arrangement of the ribs 12 corresponds to the arrangement of the tiles 1 on the rollers 3, i.e. the direction of the tiles 1 with respect to the advancing direction of the entire roller surface 2 comprising the rollers 3.

The ribs 12 form a flat surface for mounting the tile on the roller 3 and, due to the presence of these ribs, the hook projections 10 and various other projections and the joining cross ribs 1.
A protruding element such as 1 is arranged on the same surface as the mounting surface formed by the rib 12 or on the upper surface thereof. With this arrangement of ribs 12, therefore, a part of the back side of tile 1 is arranged above roller surface 2 and tile 1 can be moved along roller surface 2 without problems. The ribs 12 extend along most of the back surface of the tile 1 except for the curved portion where the lateral overlapping overlapping edges 13 are arranged. Said side overlapping edge 13
Is designed to be inserted and connected in a special joint seat 14 provided near an overlapping edge 13 of an adjacent tile 1 of the same type and an edge opposite to the overlapping edge 13 when laying tiles.

According to the invention, the operation of placing the tile 1 on the roller surface 2 in order to convey the tile 1 along the roller surface 2 is such that the ribs 12 are perpendicular to the axis of the roller 3 (thus Place it parallel to the direction of tile advancement,
It is carried out by placing the tile 1 on the roller surface 2. Due to such an orientation, the ribs 12 are placed continuously on the roller surface 2, so that the ribs 12 are conveyed without problems.

A plurality of tiles 1 are arranged on the roller surface 2 in a straight line in the front-back direction, that is, in a chain shape.

In the tile laying mode, the respective ribs 12 are sequentially connected to the tiles 1 mounted on the rollers 3, and the overlapping edge 13 of one tile is connected to the joining seat 14 of the next tile 1. Inserted inside. This structure is illustrated in Figure 6, which shows the structure used when the tiles are actually placed on the roof.

The interconnection of the tiles 1 to form the fired mode tile chain is illustrated in FIG. 5 by a protruding element 15 protruding in a tana shape from the edge opposite the overlapping edge 13 of each tile 1. Can be implemented using. For example, the two projecting elements 15 are provided with ribs at their ends to define a joint seat 16 for connecting to the overlapping edge 13 of the corresponding tile.

The presence of the protruding elements 15 formed on the tile allows the tiles 1 to be aligned without impairing the function of the tile 1. This is because the overlapping edge 13 of the tile 1 engages in the protruding element 15 of the succeeding tile 1 and does not interfere with the functional element area of the tile 1 itself. That is, in the tile firing step, it is not directly inserted and connected into the joint seat 14 for receiving the overlapping edge 13 in the tile laying step. In the structure thus obtained, by virtue of the presence of the ribs 12 and the stable overlap of the overlapping edges 13 in the subsequent tile 1, these tiles can be placed on any roller conveyor. In particular, the roller surfaces used in the ceramic material firing roller hearth kiln are linearly connected to each other in the front-rear direction. Due to the stability of the structure, the tile 1 is accurately arranged with respect to the roller during the firing process, and the shape and functional characteristics essential for the correct functioning of the tile when laid are retained. It

The advantages obtained using the method of the present invention compared to prior art firing systems are clear.

FIGS. 8-10 show another preferred embodiment of a pressed plain roof tile in the form of a hollow plain tile according to the present invention.

The tile has a central area 101 and an overlapping area 102. On its bottom surface there are arranged three continuous ribs 103 arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tile, these ribs being provided with a horizontal mounting surface 104 for mounting on a roller hearth kiln. . At least on the head and leg sides of the tile, the length of the mounting surface 104 of the rib 103 is more than twice the axial distance between two adjacent rollers of the roller hearth kiln. Further, the continuous ribs 103 are provided on the inclined surface 10 in order to facilitate the placement on the rollers of the roller hearth kiln.
Including 5.

In the area of the longitudinal edge 106 opposite the overlapping curving area 102 of the tile, on the upper side of the tile, the outer downward edge 1 of the overlapping curving portion 102 of the adjacent tile.
The mounting surface 107 for 08 is provided. The mounting surface 107 is provided on two protrusions 109 formed along the longitudinal edge 106 opposite to the overlapping curved portion 102. Each protrusion 109 comprises a locking rib 110 projecting from the mounting surface 107, which lock rib 110, when the lower edge of the overlapping curved portion 102 of the adjacent tiles is placed on the mounting surface 107, completes the two adjacent tiles. Guarantee the connected state.

The continuous ribs 103 each having a mounting surface on the head side and the leg side of the tile extend below the protrusion 109 to the outer edge of the protrusion 109. Furthermore, these three ribs 103 are configured so as not to interfere with the roof beam or the covering.

In the case of a pressed and coated tile, the lower end surface 108 of the overlapping curved portion 102
And the mounting surface 107 have no coating, so that adjacent tiles are not adhered to each other during firing.

FIG. 11 shows a hollow plain tile according to the invention similar to the one described in FIGS. 8 to 10, in which the overlapping curved portions of the following tiles in the legs of the tile as they pass through the kiln. The state where it is arrange | positioned on the protrusion of a tile is shown.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a Roman tile according to the present invention with the overlapping curved portion 102 of the subsequent Roman tile placed on the protrusion of the tile as it passes through the roller hearth kiln. Indicates. The difference between this Roman type tile and the hollow plain tile shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 is that the mounting surface 111 of the overlapping curved portion 102 is provided adjacent to the edge rib 112 without the protrusion 109. All other characteristics are similar to those of Figures 8-11.

FIG. 13 shows a plain barrel tile according to the invention similar to FIG. Also in this case, the protrusion 109 is not arranged, and the mounting surface 111 on which the lower edge 108 of the overlapping curved portion 102 abuts is the bottom surface 111 of the outer edge groove.

Finally, FIG. 14 shows a hollow plain tile according to the invention similar to the Roman tile of FIG. 12 and the plain barrel tile of FIG. This tile also has protrusion 1
Does not have 09. Overlapping curved portion 10 of adjacent tiles
The mounting surface 111 with respect to the lower edge 108 of
2 is configured as a bottom surface of an outer edge groove arranged adjacent to 2.

For the first tile in the row of tiles passing through the kiln, the bottom edge 1 of its overlapping curved portion 102
The 08 mounting surface is placed on a separately molded ceramic component (not shown).

The lower edge 108 of the overlapping curved portion 102
The mounting surfaces 107 and 111 of are configured and arranged so as not to overload the ceramic material during firing in the roller hearth kiln.

Another possible embodiment is to arrange the ribs 103 longitudinally with respect to the tile and to provide an additional support roller for the lower edge 108 of the overlapping curved section 102 at least in the softening zone of the roller hearth kiln. Installed in the kiln.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a partial plan view of a plant implementing the method of the invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of one tile shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a front view of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a side view seen from the left side of FIG.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing the joining of two tiles during firing.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of two adjacent tiles when laid.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a plain hollow tile according to the present invention.

9 is a bottom view of the plain hollow tile of FIG. 8. FIG.

10 is a cross-sectional view of the plain hollow tile taken along line XX of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a side view of a plain hollow tile according to the present invention in a roller hearth kiln showing overlapping curving portions of subsequent tiles.

FIG. 12 is a side view of a roman tile according to the present invention in a roller hearth kiln showing overlapping curving portions of subsequent tiles.

FIG. 13 is a side view of a plain barrel tile according to the present invention in a roller hearth kiln showing overlapping curving portions of subsequent tiles.

FIG. 14 is a side view of another plain hollow tile according to the present invention in a roller hearth kiln showing overlapping curving portions of subsequent tiles.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 tile 2 roller surface 3 roller 4 roller hearth kiln 12 continuous rib 13 overlapping edge 14 joining seat 15 projecting element 16 joining seat 101 central portion of tile 102 overlapping curve portion 103 continuous rib 104 tile horizontal mounting surface 106 side edge 107, 111 Placement surface of lower edge of adjacent tile 108 Lower edge of overlapping and curving portion 109 Protrusion 110 Upward locking rib 112 Upward lip

Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. In the tile firing method in a roller hearth kiln, the tiles (1) are previously arranged directly on the roller surface (2) of the roller hearth kiln (4), and each tile (1) is At least a part of its lower side surface is provided with an auxiliary placing means that defines an ideal placing surface, and due to this placing surface, various projection elements such as hook projections (10), joining ribs (11) are mounted. The auxiliary mounting means has a geometrical shape such that the mounting surface defined by the auxiliary mounting means is not arranged below the mounting surface and is continuous in at least a predetermined direction. how to. 2. The mounting means comprises at least two ribs (12) on a part of the lower surface of each tile (1), said ribs (12) defining an ideal mounting surface. 2. The tiles are arranged parallel to the advancing direction of the tiles (1) placed on the roller surface (2).
The method described in. 3. The length of the rib (12) is equal to that of the roller surface (2).
Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it is at least equal to twice the axial distance of the adjacent rollers (3). 4. A tile (1) is mounted on said roller surface (2) by said ribs (12) and said tiles are constrained to each other and are removable between the opposite side edges of these tiles. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the chain is formed by the connection of 5. The connection between opposing side edges of said tiles (1) is such that the overlapping edge (13) of one tile (1) is formed on the opposite side of the overlapping edge of an adjacent isomorphic tile (1). Method according to claim 4, characterized in that it is carried out by resting on at least one projecting element (15) in the form of a sword. 6. The connection between said opposite side edges of tile (1) is such that the overlapping edge (13) of one tile (1) is
It is carried out by placing it in a joint seat (14) provided close to the side edge on the opposite side to the overlapping edge of the adjacent homomorphic tiles (1), and the tile (1) is laid during the laying work of the tile 5. It is possible to connect
The method described in. 7. A curved portion (10) which overlaps with a central area (101) obtained by pressing a ceramic material.
2) in a roof tile with and-at least two reinforcing continuous ribs (103) are arranged on the underside of each tile for mounting the tile on the rollers of the roller hearth kiln, and-for each tile On the upper side, in the area of the longitudinal edge (106) opposite the overlapping curved part (102) of the tile, the overlapping curved part (102) of the adjacent isomorphic tile (1).
A mounting surface (107, 1) for mounting the outer lower edge (108) of the
Roof tiles characterized by having 11). 8. The at least two continuous ribs (103)
The pressure-treated roof tile according to claim 7, characterized in that the mounting surface (104) has a length greater than the axial distance between two adjacent rollers of the roller hearth kiln. 9. Pressed roof tile according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that three or more continuous ribs (103) are provided. 10. The pressure processed according to claim 7, wherein the continuous ribs (103) are arranged so as not to collide with the roof beam or interfere with the roof cover. Roof tiles. 11. An overlapping curved portion (10) of adjacent tiles.
The mounting surface (107) of the lower edge (108) of (2) is formed on two protrusions (109) projecting from the overlapping curved portion (102) of the tile and the opposite longitudinal edge (106). The pressure-treated roof tile according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that. 12. Pressurized roof tile according to claim 11, characterized in that the projections (109) are provided with locking ribs (110) projecting upwards from the mounting surface (107). 13. Pressed roof tile according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the continuous ribs (103) are continuous under the projections (109). 14. The mounting surface (111) of the lower edge (108) of the overlapping curved portion (102) is formed directly adjacent to the side upwardly projecting lip (112). The roof tile which has been subjected to pressure processing according to any one of 1. 15. A ceramic coating is not applied to the lower edge (108) of the overlapping curved portion (102) and its mounting surface (107, 111). Pressed roof tiles. 16. The additional mounting surface of the outer lower edge (108) of the overlapping curved portion (102) is provided on a separately molded ceramic part, according to any one of claims 7 to 15. Pressed roof tiles of. 17. Pressed roof tile according to any of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that said continuous ribs (103) extend laterally of the tile. 18. Pressurized roof tile according to any of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that the continuous ribs (103) extend in the longitudinal direction of the tile. 19. The lower edge (108) of the overlapping curved portion (102) is formed to rest on an additional support roller of a roller hearth kiln.
8. The pressure-treated roof tile according to item 8. 20. The lower edge (108) of the overlapping curved portion (102) is formed to rest on the additional support roller only in the softening zone of the roller hearth kiln. The pressure-treated roof tile according to.