JPH06209657A - Horticultural plastic house good in both air permeability and thermal insulation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a horticultural plastic house for raising field crops or horticultural plants, avoiding wind and rain, good in air permeability, retaining moderate humidity, excellent in thermal insulation, rich in scattered light, and capable of blocking insect pest invasion. CONSTITUTION:The roof 4a of a plastic house A consists of a covering material S made up of (A) a meshy sheet constituted of transparent synthetic fiber filament yarns and (B) a transparent synthetic resin lower in melting point than the filament yarns and having high-frequency fusibility bound to the filament yarns, and agricultural films F are stretched over the sidewalls 4b, 4b' and frontages 4c, 4c'.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a horticultural plastic house used for cultivating agricultural products, horticultural plants and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in the cultivation of agricultural crops, especially leafy vegetables, it is necessary to avoid the rain from directly hitting the crops. Therefore, a house framework assembled using pipes and steel frames is covered with an agricultural vinyl film. The plastic house for horticulture that was formed is used.

However, conventional agricultural vinyl films are not breathable, and it is difficult to install a ventilation device in a normal horticultural plastic house because of its simple structure. When covered with a film, ventilation is not performed because there is no ventilation system, and the inside of the plastic house becomes a high temperature, which adversely affects crops. Therefore, the side wall of the plastic house is currently used in an open state.

That is, the conventional plastic house is
As shown in FIG. 6, the roof part a of the plastic house H is covered with the agricultural vinyl film, but the side wall part b and the frontage part c are used while being opened.

In this case, there is a problem that a large amount of pesticide is sprayed and regular irrigation is also necessary in order to prevent insect damage caused by invasion of harmful insects from the open part. On the other hand, when the structure of a plastic house is strengthened and a ventilation device is installed inside the plastic house, there is a problem that the construction cost becomes large and a sufficient effect cannot be obtained. Also, in the severe winter season, outside air enters the house from the open part and causes cold damage.Therefore, in order to prevent cold damage, the open part must be closed with a separate covering material to improve the heat retention effect. have.

Further, for the cultivation of leafy vegetables, it is necessary to have a large amount of scattered light, but with conventional vinyl films for agriculture, it is possible to increase the scattered light while maintaining a high light transmittance. However, there are problems such as insufficient growth of crops.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is suitable environment for cultivating leafy vegetables, that is, avoiding wind and rain, and having good air permeability and appropriateness. An object of the present invention is to provide a plastic house for horticulture that can keep various humidities, is excellent in heat retention, has a large amount of scattered light, and can prevent invasion of harmful insects.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is a plastic greenhouse for horticulture, which comprises structural members such as wood, pipes, and steel aggregates as pillars. For the formed roof part, or the roof part and the frontage part, a mesh sheet made of a yarn made of transparent synthetic fiber has a melting point lower than that of the yarn and has high-frequency fusion property. A transparent synthetic resin is adhered, and a covering material formed by forming a mesh-like ventilation hole having a hole diameter of 0.1 mm or more and an area of 0.01 to 1.0 mm ² is spread, It is characterized in that an agricultural plastic film is spread over the side wall and the frontage formed by the house frame of the plastic house, or the side wall.

Further, as described in claim 2, wood,
A plastic house for horticulture, which comprises structural members such as pipes and steel aggregates as pillars, and a net-like sheet made of yarns made of transparent synthetic fiber on the entire surface of the house formed by the house frame of the plastic house. ,
A transparent synthetic resin having a melting point lower than that of the yarn and having a high-frequency fusion property is attached, and the diameter of the hole is 0.1 mm or more and the area of the hole is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mm ^2. It is characterized in that a covering material having pores formed in a mesh shape is expanded, and an agricultural plastic film is stretched openably and closably on the outer side of the side wall part on which the covering material is expanded.

The yarn made of transparent synthetic fiber constituting the covering material may be any of monofilament, multifilament and spun yarn, and is not particularly limited as long as it has no fusion property by high frequency or heat. Polyester multifilaments are preferred. The fineness is 10
It is preferably in the range of 0 to 2000 denier,
The number of single yarns constituting the multifilament is preferably 0.04 to 0.4 per denier. Further, it needs to be transparent, but may contain a small amount of dye, pigment or the like so long as the transparency is not impaired.

As the mesh sheet, it is preferable to weave a filament yarn of transparent synthetic fiber to form a woven fabric having a structure such as a plain weave, a dummy weave, a leno weave, and a warp weave. The transparent synthetic resin layer covering the mesh sheet is not particularly limited as long as it has a softening point lower by 10 ° C. or more than the mesh sheet as the base material and high frequency fusion property, Polyvinyl chloride resin is preferred.

The amount of the transparent synthetic resin layer attached is preferably in the range of 30 to 300% by weight based on the mesh sheet. If it is less than 30%, the mesh sheet may be exposed, which may cause problems such as deterioration of water repellency. On the other hand, if it is more than 300%, the mesh will be clogged, and it will be difficult to form a ventilation hole of a predetermined size, which may impair the air permeability.

The method for forming the transparent synthetic resin layer for coating the mesh sheet is not particularly limited, but in the case of a soft polyvinyl chloride resin, it is applied to the mesh sheet as plastisol, organosol or emulsion. After that, a method of forming a coating layer by heating and gelling is preferable.

The size of the mesh-like ventilation holes is such that the diameter of the holes is 0.
It is necessary that the area of the hole is 0.01 to 1.0 mm ^{2 in} the range of 1 mm or more. If the diameter of the hole is smaller than 0.1 mm, the air permeability is impaired, and the area of the hole is less than 0.01 mm ² . As the size gets smaller, the air permeability also deteriorates and the hole area becomes 1.0 mm.
^If it is larger than ² , inconveniences such as difficulty in preventing rain infiltration and pest invasion may occur.

The synthetic resin forming the transparent synthetic resin layer may contain a water-repellent agent. For example, as the water-repellent agent, a silicone-based or fluorine-based one generally used for synthetic resins may be used. Good. The water repellent may be added to the synthetic resin to be contained in the synthetic resin manufacturing process for forming the transparent synthetic resin layer, or after the step of adhering to the mesh sheet is completed, a spray method, an impregnation method, or a gravure method is used. You may make it adhere to the surface by the method etc.

Further, in order to enhance the heat retention effect, a proper amount of a foaming agent is added to the synthetic resin forming the transparent synthetic resin layer so as not to impair the transparency thereof, and the transparent synthetic fiber yarn is foamed. You may form a synthetic resin layer.

Agricultural plastic films are soft polyvinyl chloride films for agriculture (commonly known as agricultural agricultural products), ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer films for agricultural use (commonly known as agricultural agricultural products),
Agricultural polyethylene films (commonly known as agricultural poly), hard vinyl chloride films, agricultural polyester films, and other commonly used agricultural plastic films may be used, but especially soft agricultural polyvinyl chloride films (commonly known as agricultural vinyl). ) Is preferred.

[0018]

In the plastic greenhouse for horticulture according to claim 1, the above-mentioned breathable covering material is spread on the roof part of the plastic house formed by the house frame, or on the roof part and the opening part, and the side wall part and the opening part. Or, since a general agricultural plastic film is spread on the side wall, intrusion of wind and rain is prevented even in strong winds, and large raindrops are fragmented by the ventilation holes of the covering material and become fog-like. Since it is evenly distributed throughout the plastic house and maintains proper humidity, and has excellent breathability and heat retention, it is possible to prevent cold damage without using special heat insulation equipment even in the severe winter season, and yet to prevent pests Invasion is blocked and a good cultivation environment without insect damage can be obtained. In addition, since the covering material spread on the roof part has a transparent synthetic resin layer formed on a yarn made of transparent synthetic fibers, scattered light entering the house increases, and the growth of cultivated plants is improved. .

The plastic house for horticulture according to claim 2 is
Good air permeability and heat retention because the above-mentioned breathable covering material is spread over the entire surface of the plastic house formed by the house frame and the agricultural plastic film is stretched on the side wall so that it can be opened and closed. And
Since it is possible to easily block or open the air permeability of the side wall portion as necessary, it becomes possible to subtly respond to the outside air temperature, weather conditions, etc., and it becomes easy to maintain a good cultivation environment. Further, since the covering material in which the transparent synthetic resin layer is formed on the yarn made of the transparent synthetic fiber is spread, the scattered light entering the house is increased, and the growth of the cultivated plant is improved.

[0020]

EXAMPLES Two steel pipes (outer diameter 19.1 _mm , wall thickness 1.
2 _mm ) is bent, and as shown in FIG. 1, the pillars 1 that are joined together at the tops thereof to form an arch shape are juxtaposed on the cultivation area 2 at equal intervals of a pillar pitch p of about 450 _mm. , The top portion 1a of each support 1 and the eaves portions 1b on both sides are connected to a steel pipe (outer diameter 1
9.1 _mm , wall thickness 1.2 _mm ) is connected by a girder-shaped support member 3 through a stopper, and the frontage is 3500 _mm and the eave height is 1200.
_mm, Munadaka 2000 _mm, was to create a house framework 4 of the depth of 52000 _mm. A water sprinkling pipe 5 is hung at the top so that water can be sprinkled over the entire surface of the cultivation area 2.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the house frame 4
The covering material S described later is spread on the roof portion 4a composed of
A commonly used agricultural plastic film F made of vinyl chloride was spread on the side walls 4b and 4b 'and the frontages 4c and 4c' to form a horticultural plastic house A. The front door 4c is provided with a doorway 6 that can be opened and closed. Instead of the agricultural plastic film F, the front cover 4c, 4c 'may be covered with a covering material S similar to the roof 4a.

The covering material S is a mesh sheet formed by using polyester multifilament yarn (250d, 48 single yarns) as warp and weft, respectively, and weaving with a plain weave structure having a basis weight of 55 g / m ² and a yarn gap of 0.6 mm. In addition, a polyvinyl chloride plastisol having the following composition has a solid content of 136
% (To mesh sheet weight)
A horticultural covering material having air permeability created by melting and gelling. Polyvinyl chloride 100 parts by weight Dioctyl phthalate 60 parts by weight Epoxy resin 3 parts by weight Ba-Zn stabilizer 4 parts by weight Benzotriazole derivative (ultraviolet absorber) 0.2 parts by weight Fluorosurfactant 0.1 parts by weight

The obtained covering material S is, as shown in FIG.
The transparent synthetic resin 8 is attached to the periphery of the mesh sheet 7, and the ventilation holes 9 are formed in a mesh shape. The average value of the diameter q of the ventilation hole is 0.6 mm, and the average value of the area of the ventilation hole is 0.36 mm ^2.
Met.

The following cultivation test was conducted using the above-mentioned horticultural plastic house A and a conventional plastic house H as shown in FIG. Plastic House H
As the house frame, the same one as the horticultural plastic house A is used, and only the roof part a is covered with a normal agricultural vinyl film, and the side wall part b and the frontage part c are opened. Gardening plastic house A Conventional plastic house H Cultivated place Natori city, Miyagi Prefecture Same as left Crop crop Yukina Same as left Seeding date August 27, 1992 Same as left Seeding method Suzumaki Same as left Pesticide spray Insecticide 1 to 3 days before sowing Degree of fungicide Once every 10 days Three times every irrigation Once every sowing Once every seven days Harvesting date September 26, 1992 There is a variation in growth conditions (29th day from sowing) No (29th to 33rd days after sowing) Yield 1090 Bundles September 26th 300 Bundles September 28th 400 Bundles September 30th 160 Bundles Total 860 Bundles Quality Length Average 32cm Average 26.3cm Maximum 34cm Maximum 28cm Minimum 30cm Minimum 24cm Weight average 72g Average 54.3g Maximum 77g Maximum 55g Minimum 68g Minimum 50g No insect damage All mosquito feeding damage

As is clear from the above results, the quality and yield of the crop cultivated in the horticultural plastic house A of the present invention are higher than those of the crop cultivated in the conventional pipe house H using a vinyl film for agriculture. Both quantity is outstanding.

FIG. 4 shows, as a heat retention test, a change in the outside air temperature in the winter in Natori City, Miyagi Prefecture and the temperature inside the greenhouse plastic garden A and the following plastic greenhouses (Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3). It is the graph which showed change over 24 hours. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 Plastic house in which the covering material S is spread over the entire surface of the house Comparative example 2 Plastic house in which the vinyl film for agriculture is spread over the entire surface Comparative example 3 The conventional plastic house H described above

The horticultural plastic house A is superior in heat retention to the conventional plastic house H (Comparative Example 3) and the house in which the covering material S is spread over the entire surface of the house (Comparative Example 1). It is slightly inferior to the plastic house of Comparative Example 2 in which the film is spread over the entire surface in terms of heat retention, but the house of Comparative Example 2 is not practical because it has no air permeability, so the plastic house A for gardening is practical. It is clear that it has excellent heat retention.

In order to adjust the air permeability of the side walls 4b, 4b ', a winding device for agricultural plastic film is provided on the eaves of the house so that the plastic film can be freely opened and closed with respect to the side walls 4b, 4b'. You may stretch.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a horticultural plastic house B showing a second embodiment. The horticultural plastic house B uses the same house frame as the horticultural plastic house A, and its entire surface, that is, the roof portion 4
The coating material S is spread on the a, the side wall portions 4b and 4b 'and the frontage portions 4c and 4c'. The winding devices 10 and 10 'are provided at the corners between the side wall 4b and the frontage 4c and the corners between the frontage 4c and the side wall 4b'.

The hoisting device 10 (10 is the same as that of the hoisting device 10 will be described below) includes a hoisting column 10a and an operating section 10 mounted movably along the hoisting column 10.
b, and a winding shaft 10c that is connected to the operating portion 10b and extends in the girder direction of the eaves portion.

An agricultural plastic film F, one end of which is fixed to the eaves of the side wall 4b, is wound on the winding shaft 10c, and the operating handle 10d provided on the operating portion 10b is operated to wind the winding shaft 10c. The agricultural plastic film F is moved up and down with respect to the side wall portion 4b (4b ') by rotating the side wall portion 4b (4b') on which the covering material S is spread.
The outside can be opened and closed with the agricultural plastic film F.

In the horticultural plastic house B,
When air permeability of the side walls 4b, 4b 'is required, the agricultural plastic film F is rolled up to expose the covering material S for use, and the agricultural plastic film F is pulled down in the winter or when the weather is severe. Side wall 4
By closing b and 4b ′ with the agricultural plastic film F, it is possible to improve the heat retaining property inside the house and prevent cold damage to the cultivated plants.

[0033]

According to the horticultural plastic house of claim 1, intrusion of wind and rain is prevented even in strong wind, and
Large raindrops are subdivided by the ventilation holes of the covering material, forming a mist that is evenly distributed throughout the plastic house to maintain appropriate humidity, and has excellent breathability and heat retention, so even during severe winters It is possible to prevent cold damage without using a heat-insulating facility, and to prevent the invasion of harmful insects, thereby obtaining a good cultivation environment free from insect damage. In addition, since the covering material spread on the roof part has a transparent synthetic resin layer formed on a yarn made of transparent synthetic fibers, scattered light entering the house increases, and the growth of cultivated plants is improved. .

A plastic house for horticulture according to claim 2 is
Since the covering material with air permeability is spread over the entire surface of the house and the plastic film for agriculture is stretched over the side wall of the house so that it can be opened and closed freely, the air permeability and heat retention are good, and if necessary, the side wall. Since it is easy to block or open the air permeability of the part, it becomes possible to subtly respond to the outside air temperature, weather conditions, etc., and it becomes easy to maintain a good cultivation environment. Further, since the covering material in which the transparent synthetic resin layer is formed on the yarn made of the transparent synthetic fiber is spread, there is an advantage that scattered light entering the house is increased and the growth of the cultivated plant is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a framework of a horticultural plastic house according to an embodiment of claims 1 and 2. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a horticultural plastic house showing the embodiment of claim 1. FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the covering material of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the heat retaining property of a horticultural plastic house.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a horticultural plastic house showing an embodiment of claim 2.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a conventional horticultural plastic house.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A, B Gardening plastic house F Agricultural plastic film S Covering material 4 House framework 4a Roof parts 4b, 4b 'Side wall part 7 Mesh sheet 8 Transparent synthetic resin 9 Vent hole

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A plastic greenhouse for horticulture, which comprises structural materials such as wood, pipes, and steel aggregates as pillars, for a roof part formed by a house frame of the plastic house, or a roof part and a frontage part. Is a transparent synthetic resin having a melting point lower than that of the yarn and having a high-frequency fusion property attached to a mesh-like sheet composed of the yarn made of the transparent synthetic fiber, and having a hole diameter of 0.1 mm or more. A side wall portion and a frontage portion formed by the house frame of the plastic house, by spreading a covering material formed by forming ventilation holes in the shape of a mesh in the area of the holes of 0.01 to 1.0 mm ^2. A garden plastic house with good air permeability and heat retention, which is characterized by spreading an agricultural plastic film on the side wall. 2. A plastic house for horticulture, which comprises structural members such as wood, pipes, and steel aggregates as pillars, wherein a yarn made of transparent synthetic fiber is provided on the entire surface of the house formed by the house frame of the plastic house. A transparent synthetic resin having a melting point lower than that of the yarn and a high-frequency fusion property is attached to the constructed mesh sheet, and the diameter of the hole is 0.1 mm or more and the area of the hole is 0.01 to 1 A covering material formed by forming ventilation holes in the range of 0.0 mm ^{2 in} a mesh shape is spread, and an agricultural plastic film is stretched openably and closably on the outside of the side wall portion where the covering material is spread. A horticultural plastic house with good ventilation and heat retention.