JPH0630356Y2 - Tool changer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Industrial application field" The present invention relates to a tool changing device for a machine tool, and more particularly to a tool changing device for a multi-axis machine tool having a plurality of spindles.

"Prior art and its problems" As a device for simultaneously exchanging a plurality of tools in this type of machine tool, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 48-27483, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 53-80875 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-35741 are available. In addition to the device disclosed in the official gazette, there is a device using a turning arm as shown in FIG.

The apparatus disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 48-27483 is designed so that a plurality of tools can be simultaneously exchanged between a position corresponding to the lower part of a main shaft and a position retracted from the position by a carrying device. It is the one. However, when exchanging tools, first, an empty tool container is advanced to receive the tool from the spindle and retract, then the tool container containing a new tool is advanced to a position below the spindle, and the tool is attached to the spindle. After handing over, the empty tool storage is retracted, and the spindle after the tool is mounted and the empty tool storage must be separated from each other so that they do not interfere with each other. There was a problem that it took time to change tools.

Some of the tool magazine devices disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 53-35741 also allow a plurality of tools to be replaced at the same time. However, the spindle after the tool is mounted and the magazine plate are separated from each other so as not to interfere with each other. Need to be evacuated,
Similar to the above-mentioned device, there is a problem that it takes time to exchange tools.

A machine tool provided with a tool magazine disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 59-35741 holds each of a plurality of tools by a holder, and performs machining while holding the tool exchanged and the tool mounted on the spindle held by the holder. Is to do. However, it is necessary to dispose a drive device for reciprocating the holding body between the processing position and the magazine position (non-processing position) for each holding body, resulting in an extremely complicated structure mechanically. There is a problem that it is not practical to apply the method to a multi-axis machine tool. Further, since the tool is held at the processing position or the non-processing position while being held, there is a risk that cutting chips or the like will enter and adhere between the holder and the tool.

Further, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 8, two turning arms 2 and 3 are provided for the four main spindles 1, and two tools 4 are exchanged in each arm 2 and 3 so that four tools can be exchanged. I try to exchange them at the same time. However, if one swivel arm 2 tries to grip a plurality of tools 4 at the same time, a high degree of machining accuracy and assembling accuracy are required, and adjustment at the time of assembling the swivel arms 2 and 3 is troublesome. There was a problem. Further, there are problems that the turning radii of the revolving arms 2 and 3 are inevitably large, the operating region is large, and the inertial force is large, which makes high-speed operation difficult.

"Problems to be solved by the invention" The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to quickly replace a plurality of tools of a multi-axis machine tool at the same time, and replace the tools. It is an object of the present invention to provide a practical tool changing device that is free from the possibility that chips and the like will adhere to the tool.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tool changing device for a multi-axis machine tool having a plurality of spindles on one headstock, wherein a plurality of tools are provided. A cartridge body that holds the tools in a positional relationship corresponding to the main spindle and holds each tool in a freely movable manner by a minute dimension, and a cartridge body provided in the cartridge body and capable of communicating with a main spindle air hole provided in the main spindle. By being formed, the cartridge body air hole for ejecting air to the tool held in the cartridge body and the headstock, which is provided in the headstock, holds the cartridge body, and the tool in the cartridge body is mounted on the spindle. The cartridge body is moved in the axial direction of the main shaft between the mounted position and the discharge position extracted from the main shaft, and the main shaft air hole and the cover are removed. Cartridge cartridge that communicates the air holes of the cartridge, an actuator that drives the cartridge clamper, a tool magazine that stores a large number of cartridge bodies, and a cartridge body between the tool magazine and the cartridge clamper that is located at the discharge position. A loading and unloading device for sliding movement is provided, and a tool changing device is provided.

"Operation" In the tool exchanging device configured as described above, the tool exchanging is performed in units of the cartridge body. In the state where the cartridge body is mounted on the headstock and each tool is clamped to each spindle, the small size gap between each tool and the cartridge body provided for holding each tool in a freely movable manner causes The tool is held on the spindle in a floating state without contacting the cartridge body. Therefore, each tool can be rotated as it is without retracting the cartridge body. Further, since each tool is held at a predetermined position corresponding to the spindle position in the cartridge body, it is sufficient to control the position of only the cartridge body without considering the position of each tool when exchanging the tool. Further, when the cartridge clamper moves the cartridge body in the axial direction of the spindle, and the spindle air hole communicates with the cartridge body air hole,
Air is ejected to the tool held by the cartridge body.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Second
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a three-axis vertical machining sensor to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 3 is a side view.

A support 11 for the X axis is fixed on the base 10. The X-axis table 12 is placed on the support base in the left-right direction (X
It is slidably guided and supported in the axial direction). The X-axis table 12 is sent by the X-axis motor 13. Base 10
A support 15 for the Y axis is fixed to the rear, and the support 1
The column base 16 is placed on the upper side of Fig. 3 in the left-right direction (Y-axis direction) in FIG.
Is slidably guided by. A column 17 is fixed upright on the column base 16, and the column base 16 and the column 17 are sent by a Y-axis motor 18. Column 17
A headstock 20 is slidably supported in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) and is fed by a Z-axis motor 21 provided on the column 17.

The spindle stock 20 is provided with three spindles 22, 22 ', 22 "in the vertical direction. The three spindles 22 are arranged on the same straight line in the X direction at equal intervals. Three spindle motors 23, 23 ', 23 "and three tool clamping devices 24, 24', 24" are provided, and each spindle 22 is rotationally driven to clamp the tool 31 on each spindle 22. A cartridge clamper 25 that holds a cartridge body 30 in which three tools are integrated is provided on the lower surface of the table 20. The cartridge clamper 25 will be described later.

A control panel 40 including an NC device 41 is installed behind the base 10 and is connected to the motor 23 and the like by a cable 42. An operation panel 43 is installed on the front side, and a tool magazine unit 50 is installed on the side.

The tool magazine unit 50 includes two guide rails 53 and 54 which are passed upward in the Y-axis direction (column moving direction) by columns 51 and 52, and the guide rails 53 and 54.
Tool magazine 55 slidably attached to the AT and AT
A loading / unloading device 56 fixed to the guide rails 53 and 54 at the C position is a main element, and a magazine driving motor 57 for moving the tool magazine 55 and a ball screw 58 for driving the magazine driving motor 57 are provided.

The carry-in / carry-out device 56 is composed of a bracket 59 provided so as to project to the side of the guide rail 53 and a hydraulic cylinder 60 fixed to the bracket. The tip of a piston rod 61 of the hydraulic cylinder 60 engages with the cartridge body 30. A loading / unloading hook 62 is provided for matching.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the cartridge body 30. Three tools 31 (herein, the holder portion 32, the tapered arbor portion 33, and the pull stud 34 are collectively referred to as a tool) are held by the cartridge body 30 in groups of three. The cartridge body 30 is composed of half-divided plate-shaped members 30A and 30B fastened with bolts 36, and the plate-shaped members 30A and 30B engage with the holder portion 32 of each tool 31 to freely rotate the tool 31. In addition, it is held movably in the vertical direction by a small distance. That is, each tool 31 is movably held in the cartridge body 30 with some play. The three tools 31 are held on the same straight line at equal intervals, and the intervals are the spindles 22, 22 ', 22 ".
Is equal to the interval. The tool replacement and the processing by mounting the tool on the main shaft 22 are performed in a cartridge unit while holding the tool 31 in the cartridge body 30, and the tool 31 is not pulled out from the cartridge body 30 during the automatic operation. At the time of tool setup, the cartridge body 30 is divided and each tool 31 is extracted and replaced. Further, an engagement groove 38 for engaging the carry-in / out hook 62 is formed on the lower surface of one end of the cartridge body 30.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state where the cartridge body 30 is stored in the tool magazine 55. The tool magazine 55 is provided with eight storage chambers 65 for storing the cartridge bodies 30 one by one. The cartridge body 30 is supported by the tool magazine 55 on both sides of its bottom surface, and is inserted and stored in the storage chamber 65 with the blade portion of the held tool 31 protruding downward. The cartridge bodies 30 are stored in the tool magazine 55 with their insertion positions aligned so that the respective engagement grooves 38 are aligned, and the engagement grooves 38 of the cartridge bodies 30 are moved in and out according to the movement of the tool magazine 55.
It is adapted to pass through while being engaged in sequence with 2. The carry-in / carry-out hook 62 is a member provided at the tip of the piston rod 61 of the hydraulic cylinder 60 provided in the carry-in / carry-out device 56, and each cartridge body 30 is provided at the retracted end of the hydraulic cylinder 60.
Engages with the engaging groove 38. Then, the tool magazine 55 is positioned at a position where the carry-in / out hook 62 engages with the predetermined cartridge body 30, and the hydraulic cylinder 60 is driven to advance the piston rod 61, whereby the cartridge clamper 25 provided on the headstock 20. The cartridge body 30 is moved between and.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing the cartridge clamper 25. The cartridge clamper 25 includes the piston rods 7 of the hydraulic cylinders 71 and 72 provided in the headstock 20.
It is supported by the tip ends of 3, 74 and can be moved up and down by driving hydraulic cylinders 71, 72. In the lowered position, the height of the cartridge clamper 25 is equal to the storage chamber 65 of the tool magazine 55.
The height of the cartridge body 30 is the same as that of the cartridge body 30, and the cartridge body 30 can be slid between the tool magazine 55 and the headstock cartridge clamper 25. The movement of the cartridge body 30 is performed by advancing / retracting the loading / unloading hook 62 by the hydraulic cylinder 60 of the loading / unloading device 56.

When the hydraulic cylinders 71, 72 of the headstock 20 are driven to raise the cartridge clamper 25, the cartridge body 30 disengages from the engagement with the carry-in / out hook 62 and rises, as indicated by the imaginary line in the figure. 31 taper arbor part 3
3 is inserted into each main spindle 22, 22 ', 22 ". The position where each cartridge 31 held by the cartridge clamper 25 is raised and each tool 31 is mounted on each main spindle 22 is referred to as a mounting position. Will be referred to as the carry-out position.

6 and 7 are sectional views taken along the line AA of FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 shows the unclamping of the tool 31 at the device position,
FIG. 7 shows the tool 31 when clamped.

At the mounting position, the cartridge body 30 is pressed and fixed to the lower surface of the headstock 20 by the cartridge clamper 25. At this time, the air hole (cartridge air hole) 81 provided in the cartridge body 30 communicates with the air hole (main shaft air hole) 82 provided in the headstock 20, and compressed air is blown to the holder portion 32 of the tool 31. Has been made possible. Thereby, the cartridge body 30 and the tool 31
Prevent foreign matter such as chips from entering between and.

At the time of tool unclamping shown in FIG. 6, the cartridge body 30 itself is fixed to the lower surface of the headstock 20 by the urging force of the hydraulic cylinders 71 and 72, but the tool 31 is
It can move freely while it is inserted in the tapered hole 84. At this time, the position of the tool 31 is determined by the holder portion 32 of the tool 31 contacting the taper portion 83 of the cartridge body 30. Then, the taper arbor portion 33 of the tool 31 and the spindle 22
A slight gap is left between the taper hole 84 and the taper hole 84.

When the tool 31 is clamped as shown in FIG. 7, the pull stud 34 at the tip of the taper arbor portion 33 of the tool 31 is strongly pulled upward by a well-known tool clamping mechanism, and the taper arbor portion 33 is brought into close contact with the taper hole 84 of the main shaft 22 to make the main shaft 22. Be attached to. At this time, since the tool 31 is pulled up by a slight distance, a gap is created between the tool 31 and the cartridge body 30, and the tool 31 is in a non-contact state. Therefore, the spindle 22 can be rotated, and the machining can be performed without removing the tool 31 from the cartridge body 30. In addition, an air hole (spindle air hole) 8 is provided to prevent chips from entering during machining.
Compressed air is supplied from 2 to the air hole (cartridge air hole) 81.

The operation will be described based on the above configuration. The tool changing operation is started by the MO6 command to the NC device 41. When the tool change operation starts, first, the column 17 moves backward,
The headstock 20 moves up and returns to the ATC position. The ATC position is a position where the lower surface of the headstock 20 corresponds to the loading / unloading device 56. At the same time, the tool magazine 55 moves forward from the standby position at the retracted end, and positions the empty storage chamber 65 in which the cartridge body 30 currently mounted on the main shaft 22 is stored to the ATC position.

Next, the hydraulic cylinder 60 of the loading / unloading device 56 is operated,
The carry-in / out hook 62 is advanced. Then, in the headstock 20, the tool 31 of each spindle 22 is unclamped, and then the hydraulic cylinders 71 and 72 are operated to lower the cartridge clamper 25. As a result, each tool 31 is extracted from the spindle 22, and the cartridge body 30 is located at the carry-out position. Further, when the cartridge body 30 is lowered, the carry-in / out hook 62 at the forward end is engaged with the engaging groove 38.
Next, the hydraulic cylinder 60 is operated to retract the loading / unloading hook 62 to move the cartridge body 30 into the headstock 2.
It is pulled out from the cartridge clamper 25 of 0 and drawn into the storage chamber 65 of the tool magazine 55.

As described above, the operation of removing the cartridge body 30 holding the processed tool 31 from the headstock 20 and storing it in the tool magazine 55 is completed.
Now, the operation of mounting the tool on the headstock 20 will be described.

When the carry-in / out hook 62 is located at the retracted end, the tool magazine 55 starts moving, and the selected storage chamber 65 is moved to the AT.
Position it so that it is in position C. At this time, the carry-in / out hooks 62 are successively engaged with the engaging grooves 38 of the cartridge body 30 passing through the ATC position. Next, the hydraulic cylinder 60
Is operated to advance the loading / unloading hook 62. At this time,
On the headstock 20, the cartridge clamper 25 is in a lowered state and stands by, so that the cartridge body 30 is sent from the storage chamber 65 of the tool magazine 55 to the cartridge clamper 25.

Next, the hydraulic cylinders 71 and 72 of the headstock 20 are operated to raise the cartridge clamper 25. As a result, the engaging groove 38 of the cartridge body 30 is inserted into the loading / unloading hook 6
2, the respective tools 30 are inserted into the tapered holes 84 of the respective main shafts 22, and the state shown in FIG. 6 is obtained. Then, each tool 31 is clamped on each spindle 22, and the new tool 3
Complete the installation of 1. And the air hole (spindle air hole) 8
The compressed air is continuously ejected to the tool 31 from the air hole (cartridge air hole) 81 communicating with 2.

On the other hand, the hydraulic cylinder 60 of the carry-in / carry-out device 56 retracts the carry-in / carry-out hook 62, and positions it at the retracted end to move the tool magazine 5
Allows 5 moves. Then, the tool magazine 55 is moved to the standby position at the backward end, and the tool exchange operation is completed.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, the description has been made by taking the three-axis vertical machining sensor as an example. However, it is obvious that the present invention can be applied to a horizontal machine tool, and the number of spindles is not limited. it is obvious.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the tool magazine 55 has the feed screw 5
Although it has been described as being moved linearly by 8, various methods proposed as a tool magazine for storing a single tool, such as a rotary tool magazine or a chain-driven circulating tool magazine, have been proposed. Can be used.

[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, and in the state where the cartridge body is mounted on the headstock and each tool is clamped on each spindle, each tool is movably held. Due to the small size gap between each tool and the cartridge body, each tool is held on the main spindle in a floating state without contacting the cartridge body, so that the cartridge body is not retracted and the tool is directly retracted. It becomes possible to rotate,
It is not necessary to separate and retract the main shaft after mounting the tool so as not to interfere with the cartridge body, and the time required for tool replacement can be shortened accordingly.

Further, when the cartridge clamper moves the cartridge body in the axial direction of the spindle and the spindle air hole and the cartridge body air hole communicate with each other, air is continuously ejected to the tool mounted on the spindle. It has the effect of preventing foreign matter such as chips from entering and adhering to the tool.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a main part, and FIG. 2 shows a three-axis vertical machine tool to which the present invention is applied. Plan view, FIG. 3 is a side view,
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a cartridge body, FIG. 5 is a front view showing a cartridge clamper, FIGS. 6 and 7 are sectional views taken along the line AA of FIG. 5, and FIG. 8 is a conventional device. FIG. 20 ... Spindle base, 22 ... Spindle, 24 ... Work clamp device, 25 ... Cartridge clamper, 30 ... Cartridge body, 31 ... Tool, 32 ... Holder part, 33 ...
... taper arbor portion, 55 ... tool magazine, 56 ... loading / unloading device, 62 ... loading / unloading hook, 71, 72 ... hydraulic cylinder (actuator), 81 ... air hole (cartridge air hole), 82 ... Air hole (spindle air hole).

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A tool changing device for a multi-axis machine tool having a plurality of spindles on one headstock, which holds a plurality of tools in a positional relationship corresponding to the plurality of spindles, and each tool has a small size. A cartridge body that is freely movably held in its holder portion, and a cartridge body provided in this cartridge body and formed so as to be able to communicate with a main shaft air hole provided in the main shaft, And a cartridge body air hole for ejecting air to hold the cartridge body.
The cartridge body is moved in the axial direction of the spindle between a mounting position where the tool in the cartridge body is mounted on the spindle and a discharge position where the tool is pulled out from the spindle, and the spindle air hole and the cartridge body air hole. A cartridge clamper that communicates with each other, an actuator that drives the cartridge clamper, a tool magazine that stores a large number of cartridge bodies, and a cartridge body that slides between the tool magazine and the cartridge clamper that is located at the discharge position. A tool changing device comprising: a carry-in / carry-out device.