JPH063106B2 - How to form a groove in bedrock - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a groove formed on a rock bed on land or at the bottom of a water, that is, when a pipe, an electric wire or other buried object is laid (that is, the following description). The method of forming a groove in a rock bed can be performed accurately and effectively.

[Prior art]

Conventionally, the most commonly used mechanical device for forming trenches or trenches on land is a shovel excavator, a so-called backhoe.

As shown in FIG. 5, this mechanical device has a shovel 32 attached to the tip of a tiltable mount 31 installed on a traveling device 3 (vehicle or the like), and excavates and carries out earth and sand 33 by scraping it in from the front. , Trench 2 on land
It is extremely rational and efficient as a mechanical device used for forming the.

However, since the shovel excavator presses the tip of the shovel 32 into the earth and sand 33 to be excavated and shears the earth and sand exclusively by its horizontal excavating force, the shear strength or compressive strength of the earth and sand 33 to be excavated is There is a problem that the drilling capacity drops sharply as it increases, and eventually it becomes impossible to drill.

On the other hand, excavators conventionally used for excavating rocks have rotary cutter heads, and there are two types, one for compressing and crushing rocks by the thrust of the cutter and one for cutting with a cutter bite. It has been used for excavation, but there is no actual example used for trench formation.

Therefore, at present, there is no dedicated machine for forming trenches in rock on land, and if this is necessary, the rock is crushed by blasting, rock breakers, rock drills, etc. The method of removing is used.

However, all of these crushing methods are inefficient, and the cross-sectional shape of the trench is also inaccurate, so it is uneconomical to crush and excavate the rock to an extra size.

In addition, since the rocks are crushed by the impact, it may affect other structures, and it may not be possible to construct depending on the surrounding conditions.

On the other hand, a method generally used as a method for forming a trench on the bottom of the water is a method using a grab-based dredging machine. This method lowers the grab bucket 34 of the pier 8 to the bottom of the water as shown in FIG. This is a method of directly excavating and removing the soil 33 of a corresponding portion.

The grab dredger has few restrictions on the water depth, and since the excavation force can be increased by increasing the weight of the grab bucket 34 with respect to the capacity of the grab bucket 34, it is possible to cope with a certain amount of hard soil.

However, as shown in FIG. 6, the position of the pontoon 8 and the position of the grab bucket 34 suspended by the wire 36 are inaccurate, and the excavated cross section of the trench 2 becomes very large. Therefore, there is a problem in that extremely extraneous earth and sand must be dredged.

Further, since it is almost impossible to excavate the bedrock with a grab dredger, in this case, a method of crushing the bedrock using a rock breaking ship and removing it with a grab dredger is used.

The rock breaking ship has a structure as shown in FIG. 7, in which a weight 38 called a rock breaking rod is dropped from the pontoon 8 to break the bedrock 1 by its impact force.

Therefore, in this case as well as the grab dredger, the berth 8
Is inaccurate, and the position of the weight 38 suspended by the wire 36 is inaccurate, and extremely extra rock 1 must be crushed and dredged for the required cross section.

Further, when other structures are present to crush the bedrock 1 due to the impact of the weight 38, there is a restriction on the influence on the structure, and there is a possibility that the construction cannot be performed depending on the case.

On the other hand, the precondition for forming a trench, or trench, in rock is
It is to develop an excavation method that can excavate the bedrock easily and efficiently.

For this purpose, it is most effective to use a rotary cutter head, which has been considered to be effective in excavating rocks.

However, since the rotary cutter head crushes the rock mass by the thrust of the cutter or cuts the rock mass by the cutter bit as described above, the torque and reaction force required for excavation become very large.

Therefore, when this is used for trench excavation of rock mass, the drive device of the cutter head, the support for holding the reaction force and the traveling device also become large, and excavation of a structure that is extremely unsuitable for excavation of an elongated cross section like a trench. There is a great possibility to become an opportunity.

One method of crushing the bedrock is to destroy it directly by impact force or excavation force, but another idea is to dig it by another suitable method before digging or crushing. Alternatively, there is a so-called pre-crushing method in which the force required for the subsequent excavation or crushing is reduced by preliminarily treating it so as to facilitate crushing.

An example is the method of crushing the bedrock in advance using a weight prior to excavation using a grab-based dredging machine when forming a trench on the bottom of the water, but it is considered to be effective as such a method of prior crushing. There is a method that uses high-pressure jet water.

Today, the technology for cutting objects using high-pressure jet water has been widely put to practical use.Especially for rock excavation, high-pressure jet water reaching several thousand atmospheric pressure prior to excavation or crushing cracks or breaks the rock beforehand. It has already been carried out in part to facilitate the subsequent excavation or crushing by making a streak, and in the invention of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-80036 relating to a method and an apparatus for dredging bedrock, nozzles are also installed in the bedrock. It is known to inject high-pressure water jets.

In addition to the high-pressure jet water, electromagnetic waves and fire jets are used as technologies for making cracks or streaks in advance on the bedrock, but these have been tested but are still in practical use. Has not reached.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have considered that an accurate trench can be effectively formed in rock by using an excavator such as the rotary cutter head and a jet of high-pressure jet water together. As a result of adding, the present invention has been achieved.

[Object of the Invention]

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in forming trenches on the land and the water bottom, and is effective for land and water bed rocks, and the formation of a highly accurate trench. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for forming a groove in a rock mass that enables

[Structure of Invention]

A method of forming a groove in a rock mass of the present invention for achieving the above object is to inject high-pressure jet water from a jet nozzle or the like sequentially from a lower portion to an upper portion on a portion where a groove is formed on a rock bed on the land or at the bottom of a water. While excavating, the excavation device such as an excavating cutter excavates on the same locus in accordance with the preceding fracture in which the portion of the rock to be formed is fractured.

Here, when laying pipes, electric wires, and other buried objects on land or on the water bottom, these buried objects have a thickness of about several tens of centimeters at the most, and therefore a trench width of 1 to 2 meters is sufficient. The depth is also a few meters.

When forming a trench with such an extremely narrow cross section, it is a very natural idea to assume the excavation locus of the excavator in the vertical direction. It is possible to effectively combine the preceding crushing work and the subsequent digging work by running the preceding crushing device using high-pressure jet water or the like on the same trajectory as the excavator, and the idea of the present invention is In this respect.

That is, by facilitating the subsequent excavation by the excavator by making a crack or striation on the rock by the preceding crushing device using high-pressure jet water or the like that can cover an appropriate width depending on the trench cross section to be formed, The greatest feature of the present invention is that the excavator excavates on the same trajectory following the preceding crushing.

It becomes possible to limit the excavation cross section by specifying the trajectory that the preceding crushing device travels and making the excavation device travel on the same trajectory, which makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the excavation cross section of the trench. Become.

Further, by excavating the rock after preliminarily making cracks or streaks in the rock with the high-pressure jet water, the excavation torque required for the excavator is significantly reduced, which allows the excavator to be downsized. Since the excavation reaction force applied to the support device during excavation is also small, the support device itself can be downsized.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, FIG. 3-A is a front view of Example 1 in which the method of the present invention is applied to trench formation on land, and FIG. 3-B is a side view thereof, which was formed on the rock 1 in this side view. The traveling device 3 is stopped on the bedrock 1 across the trench 2.

The traveling device 3 having a sufficient weight capable of absorbing the excavation reaction force generated by excavation of the bedrock 1, the excavator cradle 6 incorporating the preceding crushing device and the excavator is held and tilted. It is attached via a hydraulic cylinder 5 for the purpose of tilting the holding and tilting mount 4 and the excavator mount 6.

In the excavator base 6, a preceding crushing device and an excavator are incorporated as will be described later.

As shown in FIG. 3-B, the excavator mount 6 is located at the cutting edge of the trench 2 to be excavated by the traveling device 3 and the holding and tilting mount 4, and when the predetermined excavation is completed, the traveling device is completed. 3 is moved forward to start the next excavation, and the predetermined trench excavation work is successively continued in this manner.

FIG. 4-A is a front view of Example 2 when the same apparatus is used for forming a trench on the bottom of the water, and FIG. 4-B is a side view of FIG. 4-A.

In the side view, the pontoon 8 is stopped above the surface of the water by the legs 9 for ascending and descending, straddling the trench 2 formed in the bedrock 1 existing at the bottom of the water 7.

The pedestal 8 that is held on the surface of the water by the lifting legs 9 and has a sufficient weight to absorb the excavation reaction force generated by the excavation of the bedrock 1 has an excavator cradle 6 that incorporates a preceding crusher and an excavator. However, a holding and tilting mount 4 capable of holding and tilting this, a hydraulic cylinder 5 for the purpose of tilting the excavator, and a holding and tilting mount 4 are used from a pedestal 8 using a lifting winch 12 and a lifting wire 11. It is attached via an inclined ladder 10 for approaching near the bottom of the water.

In FIG. 4-B, the excavator base 6 located at the cutting edge is advanced by changing the inclination angle of the inclined ladder 10 when a predetermined excavation is completed, and the inclination angle of the inclined ladder 10 is changed. In some cases, when the next cutting edge cannot be reached, the berth 8 and the lifting legs 9 are moved forward to continue the predetermined trench excavation work.

Next, FIG. 1-A, FIG. 1-B and FIG. 1-C show an example of the preceding crushing device and the excavating device incorporated in the excavator mount 6 of the first and second embodiments. Is.

FIG. 1-A shows a stage in which the excavator base 6 is applied to the cutting edge portion of the trench 2 to be excavated and the rock is preliminarily crushed by the crusher 14 from the bottom of the trench 2. At this stage, the preceding crushing device 14 is located at the lower end of the excavator cradle 6 and moves upward as the preceding crushing progresses.
Is in a state of being stored inside the excavator base 6.

In Fig. 1-B, the preceding crushing has progressed and the excavator 15 has
It shows a stage in which the preceding crushing device 14 is sufficiently raised to the upper side where it does not hinder excavation, and at this stage, the excavating device 15 cuts the excavating cutter from the inside of the excavating device base 6, That is, while excavating to the bedrock 1, the whole excavation device 15 is sequentially moved upward to continue the excavation work so as to form the necessary trench 2.

FIG. 1-C shows the final stage of trench excavation. The preceding crushing device 14 that has reached the upper surface of the bedrock 1 on which the trench 2 is to be formed stops the preceding crushing work, and the excavating device 15 moves to the upper end of the cutting edge. Drilling is continuing.

In the figure, the excavator base 6 applied to the bedrock 1 is surrounded by a support frame 13 on the outside.

The support frame 13 has a function of holding the preceding crushing device 14 and the excavation device 15 incorporated in the excavation device mount 6 and, at the same time, having a function of guiding them with respect to the vertical movement.

The preceding crushing device 14 held by the support frame 13 and guided by the vertical movement is moved in the vertical direction by the hydraulic cylinder 16 for lifting the preceding crushing device mounted on the support frame 13.

In FIG. 1-A, the excavating device 15 located behind the preceding crushing device 14 has the same support frame 1 as the preceding crushing device 14.
It is held by 3 and is guided to move in the vertical direction, and is moved in the vertical direction by an excavator excavating hydraulic cylinder 17 attached to the support frame 13.

Inside the excavator 15, a cutter 18 for excavation, a prime mover 19 for driving the cutter for excavation, and a hydraulic cylinder 2 for extruding the excavator for pushing these 18, 19 forward.
0 is equipped.

As described above, in FIG. 1-A, the preceding crushing device 14 is located at the lower end of the support frame 13, and the trench 2
The new bottom cutting edge is about to be crushed in advance, but at this stage, the excavator 15 is located behind the preceding crusher 14 because the hydraulic cylinder 20 for pushing the excavator is in the retracted state.

FIG. 1-B shows the inside of the excavator 15 when the preceding crusher 14 is sequentially moved upward by the hydraulic cylinder 16 for moving the preceding crusher up to a position where it does not hinder the pushing of the excavator 15. The installed excavator cutter 18 and excavator cutter driving prime mover 19 are extruded by the excavator extruding hydraulic cylinder 20 to a position where the rock 1 in front of the support frame 13 is directly excavated. The excavator 15 that follows the same trajectory while maintaining an appropriate distance with the preceding crushing device 14 that moves upward by 16 continues to move upward by the hydraulic cylinder 17 for lifting the excavator.

When the excavation work is completed at the final stage of trench excavation shown in FIG.
The excavator cutter driving prime mover 19 is housed inside the excavator 15 by the excavator push hydraulic cylinder 20, and the excavator lift hydraulic cylinder 17 is further stored.
Is lowered to the lower end of the support frame 13.

The preceding crushing device 14 is also lowered to the lower end of the support frame 13 by the hydraulic cylinder 16 for raising and lowering the preceding crushing device,
The positional relationship shown in FIG.

When the excavation work of the trench 2 is completed by performing the series of works shown in FIGS. 1-A, 1-B and 1-C, as shown in FIGS. 3-A and 4-A. , Third
In FIG. A, the traveling device 3 is moved forward and the
In the figure, by changing the inclination angle of the inclined ladder 10, the excavator base 6 is applied to the next cutting edge, and the preceding crushing and excavation work necessary for forming the trench 2 are successively continued.

Next, FIG. 2 shows a preceding crushing device 14 using high-pressure jet water.
FIG.

In FIG. 2, the hydraulic cylinder 16 for raising and lowering the preceding crushing device
If necessary, a plurality of nozzles 21 for injecting high-pressure jet water are installed in the preceding crushing device 14 that is moved up and down by a pipe 22 for supplying high-pressure jet water and a pump for generating high-pressure water. 23 is connected.

The high-pressure jet water jetted from the jet nozzle 21 for jetting the high-pressure jet water destroys the surface of the bedrock 1 existing in front by its pressure, and continuously jets the high-pressure jet water to the inside from the surface of the bedrock 1. As a result, cracks or streaks are successively developed, and the so-called pre-crushing effect is exerted to facilitate the subsequent excavation by the excavating cutter 18.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, the method of forming a groove in the bedrock of the present invention is different from the conventional trench forming method in which the bedrock is directly crushed by a crusher or a blast, and is easily excavated in advance by high-pressure jet water or the like. It has the following advantages because it is first crushed into a state and then excavated.

(A) Since the rock is preliminarily cracked or scratched by the preceding crushing device using high-pressure jet water, etc., the required digging force and digging reaction force of the digging device can be greatly reduced. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce the weight and size of the excavator, the holding of the excavator, and the traveling device, and at the same time, it becomes possible to excavate the hard rock, which has been difficult to achieve with the conventional excavators.

(B) By making the excavator lighter and smaller in this way, it becomes possible to incorporate the entire excavator into the excavator stand, and thus the excavator first comes into contact with the cutting edge of the rock to be excavated. It becomes possible.

(C) Since neither precipitative crushing using high-pressure water jets nor post-excavation applies a shocking load to the target rock mass, it does not affect other structures. It is possible to form the trench without anxiety even when there is a structure or the like around the trench excavation area.

(D) Since the preceding crushing device and the excavating device move up and down on the same trajectory with the support frame as a guide, accurate preceding crushing and excavation are possible, and therefore the trench cross section can be formed accurately.

This also allows economical and rapid trench formation without the need for extra excavation when using conventional crushers or methods such as blasting.

Although the present invention has been made on the method of forming the trench, the application field of the method made possible by the combination of such pre-crushing and excavation is extremely wide, and it is used in various fields such as tunnel excavation and demolition of concrete structures. It is possible to apply the basic technology of the present invention to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIGS. 1-A, 1-B and 1-C show one example of the pre-crushing device and the excavating device incorporated in the cradle for the excavating device for forming the groove in the rock by applying the method of the present invention. A series of explanatory views showing the positional relationship between the preceding crushing device and the excavating device in each stage of the trench forming work in the embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an implementation of the preceding crushing device using the high-pressure jet water of FIG. 1-A. An illustrative perspective view, FIG. 3-A is an illustrative front view of Example 1 when the method of the present invention is used to form trenches on land, and FIG. 3-B is an illustration of FIG. 3-A. Side view, 4th
-A is a front view of an explanatory view of the second embodiment when the method of the present invention is used for forming a trench on the water bottom, and FIG. 4-B is a side view of FIG. 4-A, FIG. 5, and FIG. FIG. 7 and FIG. 7 are explanatory views showing application examples of different conventional trench forming methods. 1 ... Bedrock, 2 ... Trench, 14 ... Preceding crushing device, 15 ...
Excavator, 18 ... Cutter for excavation, 21 ... Nozzle for injection.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A high-pressure jet of water is sequentially sprayed from below to an area where a groove is to be formed in a rock mass, while following the preceding crushing in which the rock mass of the area where the groove is to be formed is crushed. A method of forming a groove in rock that is excavated on the same trajectory by an excavator.