JPH0631191A - Device for macerating fibrous material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a compact and lightweight device for macerating fibrous material with the portability improved. CONSTITUTION:A rotating shaft 24 having a fixed outer diameter is provided in a cylindrical compacting part 21, and a pressing blade 25 is formed on the shaft. A cutter 26 is formed at the tip of the rotating shaft 24 on the material traveling side, and a power connection 43 is provided on the base end side and made freely attachable and detachable to and from an external power source 41. The fibrous material supplied to the compacting part 21 is transferred by the cutter 26 rotating together with the rotating shaft 24 and compacted between the inner wall of the compacting part 21 and the rotating shaft 24. At this time, since the outer diameter of the compacting part 21 and rotating shaft 24 is fixed and made small, the device is made compact and lightweight, the driving power is reduced, and the portability is improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for expanding, softening and destroying a fibrous material structure such as a plant fibrous material or an animal fibrous material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, plant fiber materials such as sawdust, bagasse, tree hulls and hulls, or animal fiber materials such as wool scraps, hair, feathers and leather have a dense and hard fiber structure, Since it does not have pores and contains waxes, fats, resins, etc., it has low water absorption, porosity and air content, so it is a construction material, microbial culture substrate, seedling raising material, soil improvement material, etc. It was not sufficient for use in animal feed, and because of poor digestibility, it was also inadequate for use as feed for livestock, extenders and fishery feed.

Therefore, the applicant of the present application has found that it is extremely effective to improve the properties of these fiber materials by fundamentally expanding, softening and destroying the tissues of the above-mentioned plant fiber materials and animal fiber materials. , A device for improving the properties of this fibrous material has already been devised (Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-48212).
(See Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-37381 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-37382).

In such an apparatus, as shown in FIG. 5, a rotary shaft 73 around which a screw blade 74 is formed is disposed inside the apparatus main body composed of a material transfer section A and a pressure compression section B. The screw blades 74 and the rotary shaft 73 are formed to have a constant outer diameter in the material transfer portion A, and the outer diameter is gradually reduced in the pressurizing / compressing portion toward the discharge opening 72.

In this device, a material input port (hopper) 71
A fibrous material containing a predetermined amount of water,
While being transferred by the rotation of the rotating shaft 73 and the accompanying screw blades 74, the inner wall of the main body of the apparatus and the rotating shaft 73 are pressurized and compressed, and further heated to a predetermined temperature by the temperature controller 76, and then the cutter 75. Then, the cut material is discharged into the atmosphere through the discharge opening 72, and the fibrous material is expanded and softened by this series of steps.

[0006]

However, such a conventional apparatus is a large-sized apparatus intended to perform a large amount of expansion, softening, and fracture treatment of a fibrous material, and a large amount of material is transferred and compressed under pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the internal volume of the apparatus main body on the material input port 72 side and the diameter of the rotary shaft 73 to increase the cross-sectional area of the material passage. Moreover, in order to efficiently pressurize and compress a large amount of material, the rotary shaft 73 is tapered so that the cross-sectional area between the inner wall of the apparatus main body and the rotary shaft 73 is gradually reduced toward the discharge opening 72 side. Therefore, the diameter of the base end of the rotary shaft 73 becomes large and the apparatus main body becomes large, and the driving force required to rotate the rotary shaft 73 becomes large. Therefore, a large amount of fibrous material is processed at a certain place. However, it was practically problematic for treating relatively small amounts of fibrous material at various locations.

The present invention has been made under such circumstances, and an object thereof is to reduce the size and weight of the apparatus and improve portability.

[0008]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a cylindrical pressurizing apparatus having a water supply port, a material supply port formed at one end, and a large number of discharge openings formed at the end face at the other end. It is supplied from a compression part, a rotary shaft having a constant outer diameter arranged axially inside the pressurization compression part, and a cutter provided at the tip end on the discharge opening side, and the material supply port. Pressurization of a constant outer diameter formed on the peripheral surface of the rotary shaft for transferring the material to the discharge opening side while compressing and compressing the material between the inner wall of the pressure compression unit and the rotary shaft. A screw blade, and a power connecting portion provided on the base end side of the rotating shaft for detachably connecting to an external power source,
After cutting the pressure-compressed material with the cutter,
The discharge is performed from the discharge opening.

[0009]

Since the pressurizing / compressing part uses the pressurizing / compressing part main body having a constant outer diameter and the rotating shaft having a constant outer diameter and a small diameter, the size and weight can be reduced and the driving force required for rotating the rotating shaft is also increased. Decrease.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional side view showing the entire structure of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional side view showing the pressurizing and compressing portion of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a front view thereof.

As shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 51 denotes an outer casing of the entire apparatus, and an upper portion of the outer casing 51 is composed of a material supplying hopper 11 and a cylindrical material supplying feeder 12 following the lower end thereof. A material supply unit is provided, and a screw blade 1 having a constant outer diameter is provided on the outer peripheral surface in the material supply feeder 12.
A rotary shaft 13 on which 4 is formed is arranged. The material supplying feeder 12 transfers the fibrous material fed from the material supplying hopper 11 by means of screw blades 14 which rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 13, and the material supplying hopper 11
Is a part for suppressing clogging in the vicinity of a connecting portion between the material supplying feeder 12 and a connecting portion between the material supplying feeder 22 and a pressurizing / compressing portion, which will be described later, and performing quantitative supply.
Further, by controlling the number of rotations of the rotary shaft 13 by the manual transmission 15, it is possible to adjust the material supply amount.

At the lower end of the material supply feeder 12,
As shown in FIG. 2, a tubular pressurizing / compressing portion 21 is provided, and the upper surface of one end side of the pressurizing / compressing portion 21 communicates with the delivery port of the material supply feeder 12 and the delivery port concerned. A material supply port 22 for supplying the material from the inside to the inside of the pressure compression unit 21 is formed. In addition, the pressure compression unit 2
A water supply pipe 23 for supplying water to the inside of the pressurizing and compressing portion 21 is provided on the outer wall of No. 1. The water supply side opening of the water supply pipe 23 corresponds to the water supply port of the present invention.

A rotary shaft 24 having a constant outer diameter is disposed inside the pressurizing and compressing portion 21 in the axial direction thereof. And the rotary shaft 24
A pressure screw blade 25 having a constant outer diameter is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the screw from the one end side to the other end side (from the right to the left in FIG. 2) to gradually reduce the interval between the screws in the traveling direction of the material. In addition, a single cutter 26 protruding in the radial direction is provided at the tip (the other end) of the rotary shaft 24.

Further, the other end surface side of the pressurizing and compressing portion 21 is open, and a large number of discharge openings 32 as shown in FIG. 3 are arranged in the circular discharge plate 31 in the circumferential direction. Is detachably inserted. The ring-shaped casing 33 is screwed onto the outer periphery of the pressure compression unit 21 so that the ring-shaped casing 33 presses the outer contact portion of the discharge plate 31 by its inner contact portion. Fitted, pressurizing and compressing section 21
The discharge plate 31 is prevented from being pulled out due to the feeding pressure of the material inside. In addition, when cleaning the discharge plate 31, for example, in FIG.
As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 3, the removal metal fitting 35 can be attached to the rod portion 34 projecting forward from the center of the discharge metal plate 31 by tightening the nut 36, and the discharge metal plate 35 can be pulled out together with the metal removal metal piece 35. it can.

On the other hand, a power transmission shaft 42 for transmitting power from an external power source to the rotary shaft 24 is connected to the base end side of the rotary shaft 24, and the power transmission shaft 42.
The end of is connected to an external power source 41, for example, a drive shaft of a motor truck or a tractor via a PTO shaft 44 in a detachable manner. The PTO shaft or the portion 43 to which the PTO shaft can be detachably connected corresponds to the power connecting portion of the present invention.

Wheels are provided at the lower end of the exterior body 51, and the exterior body 51 and the external power source 41 are connected by a connecting rod 61.
Are connected by.

In the above-mentioned apparatus, the material supply hopper 11 is used.
From the material feeding feeder 12 to the compression unit 21
The fibrous material supplied to is subjected to expansion, softening, and fracture processing in the compression and compression section 21. In the pressurizing and compressing unit 21, the material supplied through the material supply port 22 is rotated by the rotary shaft 24.
The discharge plate 3 is rotated by a pressure screw blade 25 that rotates integrally with the discharge plate 3.
While being transferred to the No. 1 side, pressure is compressed between the inner wall of the pressure compression unit 21 and the pressure screw blade 25. Then, a predetermined amount of water is supplied from the water supply pipe 23 to the material compressed under pressure. At this time, frictional heat is generated due to frictional contact with the inner wall of the compression / compression unit 21, the rotary shaft 24 and the pressure screw blade 25, and the temperature of the material rises. By gradually reducing the distance between the pressing screw blades 25 with respect to the advancing direction of the material, the material can be pressed and compressed more effectively and the temperature can be increased. It is also possible to attach a temperature controller for adjusting the temperature of the material to the outer wall of the pressurizing and compressing section 21 and heat or cool the material inside to adjust the temperature to an appropriate temperature.

Here, the rotary shaft 24 is rotated by a driving force from an external power source 41 such as a motor truck or a tractor. The driving force from the power source 41 is also transmitted to the rotating shaft 13 of the material supplying feeder 12.

In this way, near the tip side of the rotary shaft 24 inside the pressurizing / compressing portion 21, strong pressurizing and compressing and high frictional heat are generated, and the material becomes a compression solidified body. Then, the material that has become a compressed and solidified body is crushed by the pressure screw blades 25, divided into small pieces, and discharged from the discharge opening 32 of the discharge plate 31 to the outside of the pressure compression section 21.

Here, the change of the state of the fibrous material in the series of material processing steps will be described. Since the fibrous material containing a predetermined amount of water is pressed and compressed by the pressurizing and compressing section 21, it is heated to a predetermined temperature by frictional heat and a temperature controller,
Moisture inside is partially vaporized by high temperature and high pressure, and the fiber structure is softened in the steamed state. And this pressurizing and compressing section 21
The material that has been compressed and solidified by the method is crushed into small pieces by the cutter 26, and then is pressed from the discharge opening 32 to the pressure compression section 21.
However, the water content in the fibers and cells also expands exponentially due to the explosive and explosive expansion of the water content contained in the tissue. Is extremely effectively expanded, softened and destroyed.

Moisture is preferably supplied to the fibrous material at the time of pressure-compression treatment of the material, and the moisture is supplied to the material in which the fibrous structure is destroyed by the pressure-compression treatment to improve the water absorption. Sufficiently absorbs water, so that expansion and softening and destruction of the fiber structure due to the rapid expansion of the water content is effectively performed, and the fibrous material becomes soft. The softened fibrous material can be used as a feed or a bulking agent for livestock, and since it easily rots, it is easily composted and is suitable for use as a compost. Further, it can be used as a base material for mushrooms, or as a moisture regulator because it easily absorbs moisture.

However, since the fibrous material has poor water absorption, it is more effective to supply water during the compression under pressure as compared with the method of immersing the fibrous material in water beforehand. In particular, when chaff is used as the fibrous material, the chaff is hydrophobic and has a very low water absorption, so that even if it is immersed in water, water hardly penetrates into the chaff. Therefore, in order to effectively perform the expansion softening fracture treatment on the chaff, it is necessary to apply a predetermined amount of water when the chaff is compressed to compress its fibrous structure to make it easier to absorb water. Supply is important.

As conditions for the pressure compression processing, for example, the pressure compression section 21 has an outer diameter of about 178 mm, the rotary shaft 24 has a diameter of about 40 mm, and the pressure screw blade 25 has an outer diameter of about 1.
The output of the power source 41 is about 11 kW, and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 24 is about 227 rpm. When treating husks as a fibrous material, for example, the amount of water supplied is about 20 to 25%, and the internal pressure of the compression / compression unit 21 is about 1.
The temperature is about 414 kg / cm ² , the temperature is about 110 ° C., and the throughput is about 500 kg / h.

In the apparatus of the present embodiment which operates as described above, the expansion / softening fracture of the fibrous material by the compression and compression is efficiently performed by using the compression / compression portion main body having a constant outer diameter without a taper and the rotary shaft. be able to. In addition, since the outer diameter of the pressurizing / compressing unit main body can be reduced, the pressurizing / compressing unit can be made smaller and lighter. Furthermore, since the total weight of the device can be set to about 300 kg,
It is sufficiently small and lightweight, and portability is also improved by providing wheels under the device. Also, since the rotating shaft is thin, the power required for its rotation is small, and a motor truck or tractor can be used as an external power source. Therefore, the expansion, softening, and fracture treatment of the fibrous material can be easily performed in various places.

[0025]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the volume of the pressurizing / compressing portion main body is reduced, and the diameter of the rotary shaft is accordingly reduced, so that the apparatus can be made smaller and lighter. Since portability is improved and less power is required to operate the device, existing motor trucks and tractors can be used as a power source, so expansion, softening, and destruction of fibrous materials can be easily performed in various places. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a tissue destruction device for a fibrous material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a pressure compression unit of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a pressure compression unit of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a tip end portion of a pressure compression unit.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a conventional tissue destruction device for fibrous materials.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Material Supply Hopper 12 Material Supply Feeder 21 Pressurizing / Compressor Body 22 Material Supply Port 23 Water Supply Pipe 24 Rotating Shaft 25 Pressurizing Screw Blade 26 Cutter 32 Exhaust Opening 41 External Power Source 43 Power connection

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A tubular pressurizing / compressing part having a water supply port, a material supply port being formed at one end side, and a number of discharge openings being formed at the other end side end face, and the pressurizing / compressing part. A rotary shaft having a constant outer diameter, which is axially arranged inside the part, and has a cutter at the tip on the discharge opening side, and the material supplied from the material supply port A pressure screw blade having a constant outer diameter formed on the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft for transferring to the discharge opening while compressing and compressing between the inner wall of the rotating shaft and the rotating shaft; It has a power connection portion provided for detachably connecting to an external power source on the base end side, after cutting the pressure-compressed material with the cutter,
A tissue destruction device for a fibrous material, characterized in that it is discharged from the discharge opening.