JPH06315614A - Method for removing contaminants and cleaning material - Google Patents
Method for removing contaminants and cleaning materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06315614A JPH06315614A JP6040488A JP4048894A JPH06315614A JP H06315614 A JPH06315614 A JP H06315614A JP 6040488 A JP6040488 A JP 6040488A JP 4048894 A JP4048894 A JP 4048894A JP H06315614 A JPH06315614 A JP H06315614A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- titanium dioxide
- photocatalyst
- pollutants
- water
- sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/30—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of perfluorocarbons [PFC], hydrofluorocarbons [HFC] or sulfur hexafluoride [SF6]
Landscapes
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【目的】環境大気中の低濃度の窒素酸化物などを除去す
る。
【構成】二酸化チタン又は二酸化チタンと活性炭との混
合物を主成分とする光触媒をフッ素樹脂などを用いて固
定してシート状あるいはパネル状の浄化材１３を構成
し、これをビル２の外壁などを利用して屋外に設置す
る。太陽光中の波長領域 300〜400 ｎｍの近紫外線を受
けた光触媒は活性化して大気中の窒素酸化物などを硝酸
などに変えて表面に捕捉する一方、生成物の蓄積により
活性が低下した光触媒は降水により洗浄されて機能を回
復する。また、浄化材１３を用いて水中から気体中に移
行させた揮発性汚染物質、あるいは水中の汚染物質を二
酸化チタンで分解する。
(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To remove low concentrations of nitrogen oxides in the ambient air. [Structure] A photocatalyst containing titanium dioxide or a mixture of titanium dioxide and activated carbon as a main component is fixed by using a fluororesin or the like to form a sheet-shaped or panel-shaped purification material 13, which is used as an outer wall of the building 2 or the like. Use it to install outdoors. A photocatalyst that receives near-ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 300 to 400 nm in sunlight is activated to convert nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere into nitric acid and capture them on the surface, while the photocatalyst has decreased activity due to accumulation of products. Is washed by precipitation and recovers its function. In addition, volatile pollutants that have been transferred from water to gas using the purification material 13 or pollutants in water are decomposed with titanium dioxide.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、環境大気中の低濃度
の汚染物質（窒素酸化物など）や水中の汚染物質（揮発
性有機塩素化合物など）を除去する方法及びこの方法に
使用する浄化材に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for removing low-concentration pollutants (such as nitrogen oxides) in the ambient air and pollutants (such as volatile organic chlorine compounds) in water and purification used in this method. Regarding materials
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】窒素酸化物などによる大気汚染を防止す
るために、これまで移動及び固定発生源からの汚染物質
の排出規制が行われてきた。ところが、これらの発生源
対策にもかかわらず、大都市域や自動車道路沿道などで
は依然として環境基準を超える汚染物質濃度が観測され
ており、今後は個々の汚染状況に対応したきめ細かい対
策、すなわち従来の発生源における対策のほかに、汚染
物質を受ける側での環境対策が求められる。しかしなが
ら、環境における汚染物質除去（環境浄化）は湖沼など
の水質浄化の分野で一部試みられているが、大気環境に
関してはこれまで例がない。2. Description of the Related Art In order to prevent air pollution due to nitrogen oxides and the like, emission regulations of pollutants from mobile and fixed sources have been regulated so far. However, despite these source measures, pollutant concentrations that exceed environmental standards are still observed in metropolitan areas and along roads on motorways. In addition to the measures at the source, environmental measures must be taken at the side receiving pollutants. However, although removal of pollutants in the environment (environmental purification) has been partly attempted in the field of water purification such as lakes and marshes, there is no precedent for the atmospheric environment.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】これは、大気汚染物質
の濃度が極めて低いことと大気の拡散性が高いために、
効率のよい除去が困難と考えられていたためである。例
えば、従来のアンモニア接触還元法などを一般大気に適
用しようとするならば、還元前に高倍率の濃縮が不可欠
であり、エネルギー消費の点だけからみても実用的では
なかった。この発明は、低濃度の汚染物質を環境大気中
から効率よく除去するばかりでなく、材料が安価で稼働
費がほとんど不要なことから経済的にも実用性の高い大
気中の汚染物質の除去方法及びこの方法に使用する浄化
材を提供することを目的とするものである。This is because the concentration of air pollutants is extremely low and the diffusivity of the atmosphere is high.
This is because it was considered difficult to remove them efficiently. For example, if the conventional ammonia catalytic reduction method or the like is to be applied to the general atmosphere, it is indispensable to concentrate at a high magnification before the reduction, and it is not practical in terms of energy consumption alone. The present invention not only efficiently removes low-concentration pollutants from the ambient air, but is economically highly practical as it removes pollutants from the atmosphere because the materials are inexpensive and operation costs are almost unnecessary. And to provide a purification material used in this method.
【０００４】一方、トリクロロエテンやテトラクロロエ
テンなどの揮発性有機塩素化合物は各種産業で脱脂剤や
洗浄液として多量に使用されているが、これらの揮発性
有機塩素化合物は発ガン性があり、これによる飲料水の
汚染などの環境汚染が社会問題になっている。そこで、
この発明は、水中に含まれる揮発性有機塩素化合物など
を簡易に分解して無害化することのできる汚染物質の除
去方法この方法に使用する浄化材を提供することを目的
とするものである。On the other hand, volatile organochlorine compounds such as trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene are used in large amounts in various industries as degreasing agents and cleaning liquids, but these volatile organochlorine compounds are carcinogenic. Environmental pollution such as drinking water pollution has become a social problem. Therefore,
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing pollutants which can easily decompose volatile organic chlorine compounds and the like contained in water to render them harmless.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、二酸化チ
タン（TiO2) と活性炭との混合物からなり、 300nm以上
の光の照射により前処理なしに常温で効率よく空気中の
ppm レベルの窒素酸化物などを除去できる光触媒を発明
し（特許第１６１３３０１号）、またこの光触媒をトン
ネル排気処理に応用するための技術を開発してきた（特
開平３−２３３１００号ほか３件）。そして、この中で
酸化鉄（III)など第三成分を添加することにより光触媒
活性を更に増大できることを見出した。この光触媒が機
能するために必要な条件は、常温での光照射と水による
洗浄だけである。そこで、本発明者らは、太陽光の照射
と降水による洗浄など、これらが屋外の自然環境で比較
的容易に達成できる条件であることに着目し、この発明
をなすに至った。[Means for Solving the Problems] The inventors of the present invention consisted of a mixture of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and activated carbon, and efficiently irradiated in air at room temperature without pretreatment by irradiation with light of 300 nm or more.
We have invented a photocatalyst that can remove ppm oxides of nitrogen oxides (Patent No. 1613301), and have developed a technique for applying this photocatalyst to tunnel exhaust treatment (JP-A-3-233100 and 3 others). Then, they have found that the photocatalytic activity can be further increased by adding a third component such as iron (III) oxide. The only conditions for this photocatalyst to function are light irradiation at room temperature and washing with water. Therefore, the present inventors have completed the present invention by paying attention to the fact that these are conditions that can be achieved relatively easily in an outdoor natural environment, such as irradiation with sunlight and washing with precipitation.
【０００６】すなわち、この発明は、二酸化チタンある
いは二酸化チタンと活性炭との混合物を主成分とする光
触媒を太陽光の照射と降水による洗浄とが受けられるよ
うに屋外に固定して放置することにより環境大気中の汚
染物質を除去しようとするものである。上記光触媒の固
定には、その粉末を合成樹脂を用いて予めシート状又は
パネル状に成形したり、接着剤を用いてシート材又はパ
ネル材の表面に付着させたりして浄化材を構成すること
により行うのがよい。That is, according to the present invention, a photocatalyst containing titanium dioxide or a mixture of titanium dioxide and activated carbon as a main component is fixed to the outside so as to be exposed to sunlight and washed by precipitation, and is left in an environment. It aims to remove pollutants in the atmosphere. To fix the above-mentioned photocatalyst, a powder is formed in advance into a sheet or panel using a synthetic resin, or an adhesive is used to adhere to the surface of the sheet or panel to form a purifying material. It is better to do by.
【０００７】また、本発明者らは、二酸化チタンの存在
下、揮発性有機塩素化合物を含む排ガスに光照射するこ
とによって、揮発性有機塩素化合物を分解して無害化す
る技術を開発してきたが（特開平２−１０７３１４
号）、この技術を応用して水中の汚染物質を無害化する
にも上記浄化材は好適である。すなわち、この発明は、
水中の揮発性汚染物質を気体中に移行させ、次いでこの
気体を波長 400ｎｍ以下の光を照射しながら上記浄化材
に接触させて前記揮発性汚染物質を分解するものとす
る。また、この発明は、汚染物質を含む水を波長 400ｎ
ｍ以下の光を照射しながら上記浄化材に接触させ、前記
汚染物質を分解するものとする。Further, the present inventors have developed a technique for decomposing the volatile organic chlorine compound to render it harmless by irradiating the exhaust gas containing the volatile organic chlorine compound with light in the presence of titanium dioxide. (JP-A-2-107314
No.), the above purification material is also suitable for detoxifying pollutants in water by applying this technology. That is, this invention is
Volatile pollutants in water are transferred to a gas, and then the gas is brought into contact with the purification material while being irradiated with light having a wavelength of 400 nm or less to decompose the volatile pollutants. In addition, the present invention uses water containing pollutants at a wavelength of 400n.
The pollutant is decomposed by contacting the purification material while irradiating light of m or less.
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】太陽光には本光触媒の活性化に必要な波長領域
が300 〜400nm の紫外線が豊富に含まれている。したが
って、本光触媒を太陽光が当たる屋外に放置することに
より、大気中の低濃度窒素酸化物などを硝酸などに酸化
して光触媒上に捕捉することができる。光触媒は時間の
経過とともに、主として表面の活性部分が硝酸などの生
成物により覆われることにより汚染物質除去能力が徐々
に低下するが、降水によって生成物が洗い流されること
で活性が回復する。光触媒は繰り返し機能し、また稼働
や保守のための人手や費用は特別必要ない。[Solution] Sunlight contains abundant ultraviolet rays in the wavelength region of 300 to 400 nm required for activation of the photocatalyst. Therefore, by leaving this photocatalyst outdoors in the sunlight, it is possible to oxidize low-concentration nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere into nitric acid or the like and capture them on the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst gradually decreases its pollutant removal ability mainly by covering the active portion of the surface with products such as nitric acid over time, but the activity is restored by washing away the products by precipitation. The photocatalyst works repeatedly, and no special labor or cost is required for operation and maintenance.
【０００９】光触媒と大気との接触面積を大きくするに
は、光触媒は粉体として用いるのがよい。しかし、この
発明を実用化するに当たって、粉体のままで大気と接触
させようとすると、設置、使用、再生、回収、交換など
の際に光触媒が飛散するなど取扱いが困難であり、なん
らかの媒体に固定する必要がある。光触媒の粉末を固定
する方法として、構築物の表面などに光触媒を接着剤な
どを用いて付着させることが考えられる。しかし、その
場合でも粉粒状の光触媒を構築物表面に直に付着させよ
うとすると、施工上種々の困難が予想され、また工事費
も高くなる。したがって、光触媒の粉末は工場で予めシ
ート状あるいはパネル状に形成した浄化材として構成し
ておき、現場ではこれを構築物などを利用して貼り付け
るようにするのが実用的である。In order to increase the contact area between the photocatalyst and the atmosphere, the photocatalyst is preferably used as powder. However, when the present invention is put into practical use, if it is attempted to bring it into contact with the atmosphere in the form of powder, it is difficult to handle, such as the photocatalyst being scattered during installation, use, regeneration, recovery, exchange, etc. Need to be fixed. As a method of fixing the photocatalyst powder, it is considered that the photocatalyst is attached to the surface of the construct or the like by using an adhesive or the like. However, even in that case, if it is attempted to directly attach the powdery or granular photocatalyst to the surface of the structure, various difficulties in construction are expected, and the construction cost is also increased. Therefore, it is practical that the powder of the photocatalyst is formed as a purifying material which is formed in a sheet shape or a panel shape in advance at the factory and is attached on site by using a structure or the like.
【００１０】ところで、従来、粉末触媒はバインダとと
もに成形した後、高温で焼成することによって、任意の
形状に加工することが一般的である。しかしながら、活
性炭を含む本光触媒を 300℃以上の高温で焼成すること
は不可能であるとともに、水を用いて再生を行う本光触
媒では耐水性の上で適用できない。すなわち、本光触媒
を安定的に固定する際の条件として、製作過程で温度が
あまり上昇しないこと（200 ℃以下が好ましい）、及び
十分な耐水性・耐久性があることが求められる。By the way, conventionally, it is general that the powder catalyst is molded with a binder and then fired at a high temperature to be processed into an arbitrary shape. However, it is impossible to calcine the photocatalyst containing activated carbon at a high temperature of 300 ° C. or higher, and the photocatalyst that is regenerated by using water cannot be applied because of its water resistance. That is, as the conditions for stably fixing the present photocatalyst, it is required that the temperature does not rise so much in the manufacturing process (preferably 200 ° C. or lower) and sufficient water resistance and durability.
【００１１】一方、耐薬品性・耐環境性に優れるフッ素
樹脂（ポリテトラフルオロエチレンなど）は圧力をかけ
ることで粉末から任意の形状のものが成形できる。そこ
で、光触媒粉末を混合したフッ素樹脂の粉末を圧延する
ことにより、予めシート状あるいはパネル状の浄化材を
構成するものとする。フッ素樹脂は疎水性であるため、
得られる浄化材の耐水性は高く、湿度影響も小さいこと
が予想される。また、フッ素樹脂と光触媒を構成する成
分との親和性は低いため、浄化材の内部では両者は単に
機械的に集合しているに過ぎず、光触媒表面の活性がフ
ッ素樹脂の存在によりさほど阻害されないことが期待さ
れる。また、金属、樹脂、無機物などからなるシート材
又はパネル材に各種の接着剤を用いて光触媒を付着さ
せ、浄化材を構成することも可能である。ただし、接着
材の種類と特性は多岐にわたっているので、実験的に最
適のものを選択する必要がある。On the other hand, a fluororesin having excellent chemical resistance and environment resistance (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) can be molded into an arbitrary shape from powder by applying pressure. Therefore, by rolling the fluororesin powder mixed with the photocatalyst powder, a sheet-shaped or panel-shaped purifying material is configured in advance. Since fluororesin is hydrophobic,
It is expected that the obtained purifying material will have high water resistance and small influence of humidity. Further, since the affinity between the fluororesin and the components constituting the photocatalyst is low, both are merely mechanically assembled inside the purifying material, and the activity of the photocatalyst surface is not significantly hindered by the presence of the fluororesin. It is expected. Further, it is possible to form a purifying material by adhering a photocatalyst to a sheet material or a panel material made of metal, resin, inorganic material or the like using various adhesives. However, since there are a wide variety of adhesive materials and characteristics, it is necessary to experimentally select the optimum one.
【００１２】次に、上記特開平２−１０７３１４号に係
る技術を実用化する場合、水中の揮発性汚染物質を気体
中に移行させて二酸化チタンに接触させるにしても、二
酸化チタン粒子を装置の壁面に直接付着させるとすれ
ば、大気中の汚染物質の除去に関してすでに述べたと同
様、施工上種々の困難が生じる。そこで、その場合にも
二酸化チタン粒子をシート状あるいはパネル状の浄化材
に担持させて用いれば、施工や運搬がきわめて簡単とな
る。Next, in the case of putting the technique according to the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-107314 into practical use, even if the volatile pollutants in the water are transferred into the gas and brought into contact with the titanium dioxide, the titanium dioxide particles of the device are If it is attached directly to the wall surface, various difficulties will occur in construction as described above regarding the removal of pollutants in the atmosphere. Therefore, also in that case, if the titanium dioxide particles are carried on a sheet-shaped or panel-shaped purifying material and used, the construction and transportation become extremely simple.
【００１３】水中の汚染物質はそのままの状態で二酸化
チタンに接触させても分解可能であるが、その場合にも
二酸化チタンを粒状のまま用いるとすれば種々の問題が
生じる。図１３に汚染物質を含む水を二酸化チタン粒子
に直に接触させる装置の構成例を示す。図において、波
長 400ｎｍ以下の光を照射する光源４０を持つリアクタ
４１内に二酸化チタンの粒子４２が懸濁した水が収容さ
れ、回転羽根４３で攪拌されている。揮発性有機塩素化
合物を含む水はポンプ４４でリアクタ４１に底部から送
入され、含まれる揮発性有機塩化化合物は二酸化チタン
粒子４２と接触して分解される。被処理水はオーバーフ
ロー管４５を介して沈澱槽４６に送られ、ここで二酸化
チタン粒子４２が分離されて排水管４７から排出され
る。沈澱槽４６内に沈降した二酸化チタン粒子４２はポ
ンプ４８によりリアクタ４１に戻される。The pollutants in the water can be decomposed by contacting them with titanium dioxide as they are, but in that case, if titanium dioxide is used as it is, various problems occur. FIG. 13 shows an example of the configuration of an apparatus in which water containing pollutants is brought into direct contact with titanium dioxide particles. In the figure, water in which titanium dioxide particles 42 are suspended is contained in a reactor 41 having a light source 40 that irradiates light with a wavelength of 400 nm or less, and is agitated by a rotating blade 43. Water containing a volatile organic chlorine compound is pumped into the reactor 41 from the bottom by a pump 44, and the volatile organic chloride compound contained therein is contacted with the titanium dioxide particles 42 and decomposed. The water to be treated is sent to the settling tank 46 via the overflow pipe 45, where the titanium dioxide particles 42 are separated and discharged from the drain pipe 47. The titanium dioxide particles 42 settled in the settling tank 46 are returned to the reactor 41 by the pump 48.
【００１４】ところが、二酸化チタンを粒状のまま用い
るこのような方法では、図示の通り処理後の水から二酸
化チタン粒子を分離するための沈澱槽や分離された二酸
化チタン粒子をリアクタに戻すポンプ配管が必要となる
などすでに述べたように装置が複雑で、必然的にその運
転管理も煩雑となる。その点、二酸化チタン粒子を上記
浄化材に担持させれば、二酸化チタン粒子が固定されて
いるため上述した問題は生じず装置が簡単となる。However, in such a method in which titanium dioxide is used in a granular form, as shown in the figure, a precipitation tank for separating titanium dioxide particles from treated water and a pump pipe for returning the separated titanium dioxide particles to the reactor are provided. As mentioned above, the device is complicated and the operation management is inevitably complicated. In this respect, if the titanium dioxide particles are carried on the above-mentioned purification material, the titanium dioxide particles are fixed, and therefore the above-mentioned problems do not occur and the apparatus becomes simple.
【００１５】[0015]
【実施例】まず、図６は後述する室内実験に使用した実
験装置の構成を示すもので、１は汚染物質（この場合は
一酸化窒素）の標準ガス（濃度50ppm 程度）を入れた高
圧容器、２はこの標準ガスを希釈する高純度空気を入れ
た高圧容器、３は減圧弁、４は精密流量調節器、５は四
方弁、６はガラス製のシャーレ型反応容器、７は反応容
器６に入れた浄化材試料、８は光化学用蛍光灯（１０Ｗ
×３本）、９は化学発光式窒素酸化物計、１０は空気ポ
ンプ、１１及び１２は排気口である。反応容器６は２個
直列に設けられ、浄化材試料７はこれらに分けて入れら
れている。EXAMPLE First, FIG. 6 shows the structure of an experimental apparatus used in an indoor experiment described later, in which 1 is a high-pressure vessel containing a standard gas (concentration of about 50 ppm) of a pollutant (in this case, nitric oxide). 2 is a high-pressure container containing high-purity air for diluting the standard gas, 3 is a pressure reducing valve, 4 is a precision flow rate controller, 5 is a four-way valve, 6 is a petri dish reaction container made of glass, 7 is a reaction container 6 Sample of the purification material put in the container, 8 is a fluorescent lamp for photochemistry (10W
X3), 9 is a chemiluminescent nitrogen oxide meter, 10 is an air pump, and 11 and 12 are exhaust ports. Two reaction vessels 6 are provided in series, and the purification material sample 7 is divided into these.
【００１６】図示装置において、高圧容器１の標準ガス
と高圧容器２の空気とを流量調節器４で定める適宜の流
量比で混合させることにより、任意のごく低濃度の模擬
汚染空気を発生させることができる。そして、四方弁５
を図示の通り切り換えることにより、この模擬汚染空気
を一定流量で反応容器６に導いて試料７に接触させ、同
時に蛍光灯８から波長領域 300〜400 ｎｍの近紫外光を
試料７に照射する。試料７と接触した後の汚染空気（処
理空気）は、一定量を空気ポンプ１０で窒素酸化物計９
に導き、窒素酸化物の濃度変化を記録した後、排気口１
１から排出する。余分の空気は排気口１２から直ちに排
出する。それでは、この発明に係る浄化材試料の汚染物
質除去効果を上記装置を用いて確認した実験、及び同一
の浄化材試料を実際に大気中に置いた実験の結果につい
て述べる。In the illustrated apparatus, the standard gas in the high-pressure vessel 1 and the air in the high-pressure vessel 2 are mixed at an appropriate flow rate ratio determined by the flow rate controller 4 to generate simulated polluted air having an extremely low concentration. You can And four-way valve 5
By switching as shown in the drawing, the simulated polluted air is guided to the reaction vessel 6 at a constant flow rate and brought into contact with the sample 7, and at the same time, the sample 7 is irradiated with near-ultraviolet light in the wavelength region of 300 to 400 nm from the fluorescent lamp 8. A certain amount of contaminated air (processed air) after coming into contact with the sample 7 is measured with a nitrogen oxide meter 9 by an air pump 10.
The exhaust port 1 after recording the change in nitrogen oxide concentration.
Eject from 1. Excess air is immediately discharged from the exhaust port 12. Now, the results of an experiment in which the contaminant removal effect of the purification material sample according to the present invention is confirmed by using the above-described device, and an experiment in which the same purification material sample is actually placed in the atmosphere will be described.
【００１７】実験例１ 光触媒とフッ素樹脂粒子とを十分に混合した後、圧延
し、厚さ約１mmのシート状とした。その組成比は、ポリ
テトラフルオロエチレン樹脂：二酸化チタン：活性炭が
６：３：１である。触媒成分の重量に対して２％の酸化
鉄（III)を加えてもよい。また、触媒成分としては二酸
化チタン単独でもよい。ただし、その場合は若干性能が
低下する。このシートを10cm×10cmの大きさに裁断して
試料とし、２個の反応容器６に１枚ずつ納めた（有効面
積200 cm2)。反応容器６に供給する一酸化窒素(NO)の初
濃度は 1.0ppm 、空気流量は毎分 0.5リットルである。
また、波長 365ｎｍにおける紫外線強度は最大で0.45ｍ
Ｗ／cm2 であった。これは、夏の晴れた日の日中の約４
分の１、冬の晴れた日の約半分の紫外線強度に相当す
る。 Experimental Example 1 A photocatalyst and fluororesin particles were sufficiently mixed and then rolled into a sheet having a thickness of about 1 mm. The composition ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene resin: titanium dioxide: activated carbon is 6: 3: 1. You may add 2% of iron (III) oxide with respect to the weight of a catalyst component. Further, titanium dioxide alone may be used as the catalyst component. However, in that case, the performance is slightly reduced. This sheet was cut into a size of 10 cm × 10 cm to prepare a sample, which was placed in each of two reaction vessels 6 (effective area: 200 cm 2 ). The initial concentration of nitric oxide (NO) supplied to the reaction vessel 6 is 1.0 ppm, and the air flow rate is 0.5 liter / min.
The maximum intensity of UV light at a wavelength of 365 nm is 0.45 m.
It was W / cm 2 . This is about 4 during the day on a sunny summer day
It is equivalent to one-half the intensity of ultraviolet light, which is about half that of a sunny day in winter.
【００１８】反応容器６の出口における処理空気中のNO
濃度の変化を図１に示す。図の縦軸は反応容器６の出口
におけるNO濃度、横軸は処理開始後の経過時間である。
図において、初めに光照射は行わず、四方弁５を切り換
えて模擬汚染空気を反応容器６に通じると、出口のNO濃
度が低下する。これは光触媒が活性炭を含んでいるため
であるが、この場合の除去機構は単なる吸着であるの
で、この効果は長続きしない（しかし、太陽光の当たら
ない夜間にはこの機能が利用できるといえる）。そこ
で、約９時間後にそのままの状態で光照射を開始する
と、出口におけるNO濃度は再び著しく低下した。この除
去効果は長時間持続するので、単なる吸着現象ではな
く、光触媒作用であると考えられた。NO in the process air at the outlet of the reaction vessel 6
The change in concentration is shown in FIG. The vertical axis of the figure is the NO concentration at the outlet of the reaction vessel 6, and the horizontal axis is the elapsed time after the start of the treatment.
In the figure, when the four-way valve 5 is switched and the simulated contaminated air is introduced into the reaction vessel 6 without irradiating light at the beginning, the NO concentration at the outlet decreases. This is because the photocatalyst contains activated carbon, but the removal mechanism in this case is only adsorption, so this effect does not last long (but it can be said that this function can be used at night without sunlight). . Then, when the light irradiation was started as it was after about 9 hours, the NO concentration at the outlet was remarkably lowered again. Since this removing effect lasts for a long time, it was considered to be a photocatalytic action rather than a simple adsorption phenomenon.
【００１９】この場合において、NOの初期濃度を変化さ
せたときの除去率を図２に示す。図の縦軸は処理を開始
してから12時間までの平均除去率、横軸は供給した模擬
空気のNO初期濃度である。この図からわかる通り、空気
流量毎分0.5 リットルでは検討した初期濃度範囲（0.05
〜５ppm ）にわたって90％を超える除去率が得られ、こ
の除去率はNO初期濃度にあまり依存しない。実験後の試
料を精製水で洗浄すると、除去したNOの60％に相当する
硝酸が回収された。また、弱アルカリ性溶液（１mM水酸
化ナトリウム）で洗浄すると、回収率は80％に向上し
た。しかし、水洗浄のみでも窒素酸化物除去に関して使
用前同様の活性が回復し、繰り返し使用が可能であるこ
とがわかった。FIG. 2 shows the removal rate when the initial concentration of NO was changed in this case. The vertical axis of the figure is the average removal rate from the start of the treatment to 12 hours, and the horizontal axis is the initial NO concentration of the supplied simulated air. As can be seen from this figure, at the air flow rate of 0.5 liter / min, the initial concentration range (0.05
A removal rate of over 90% was obtained over ~ 5 ppm) and this removal rate was less dependent on the initial NO concentration. When the sample after the experiment was washed with purified water, nitric acid corresponding to 60% of the removed NO was recovered. Also, when washed with a weak alkaline solution (1 mM sodium hydroxide), the recovery rate improved to 80%. However, it was found that the activity similar to that before use was recovered with respect to the removal of nitrogen oxides only by washing with water, and repeated use was possible.
【００２０】続いて、上記試料をつくば市内（非汚染地
域と考えられている）で屋外に置いて実験を行った。数
回行った実験のうち、硝酸として水洗・回収された窒素
酸化物の代表値は１日当たり 7μmol であった。通常の
水洗回収率（60％) を考慮すると、１日当たり11.7μmo
l(１時間当たりでは0.5 μmol)の窒素酸化物が除去され
た計算になる。この値を室内実験の結果に当てはめる
と、1.0 ppm のNOを毎分 2.0リットルで３時間流して除
去される量に相当する。つくば市内の平均NO濃度を 0.0
25ppm とすれば、屋外に試料を置いた24時間に毎分約10
リットルの大気を処理できた計算となる。すなわち、屋
外では風によって汚染物質が効果的にシート表面に運ば
れているとともに、本光触媒が開放系においても効率よ
く機能していることが明らかになった。なお、NOの１mo
l は30ｇ、NO2(二酸化窒素) の１mol は46ｇ、したがっ
て窒素酸化物１mol は平均的に38ｇ、また１μmol は38
μｇである。Next, an experiment was carried out by placing the above sample outdoors in Tsukuba city (which is considered to be a non-contaminated area). Among the experiments conducted several times, the typical value of nitrogen oxides washed and recovered as nitric acid was 7 μmol per day. Considering the normal washing recovery rate (60%), 11.7 μmo per day
It is calculated that 1 (0.5 μmol / hr) nitrogen oxide is removed. When this value is applied to the results of the laboratory experiment, it corresponds to the amount of NO removed by flowing 1.0 liter of NO at 2.0 liters per minute for 3 hours. The average NO concentration in Tsukuba city is 0.0
If it is 25 ppm, it will be about 10 minutes per minute in 24 hours when the sample is placed outdoors.
This is a calculation that can process liters of air. That is, it was clarified that the pollutants are effectively carried to the sheet surface by the wind outdoors, and that the photocatalyst functions efficiently even in the open system. In addition, 1mo of NO
l is 30 g, 1 mol of NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide) is 46 g, therefore 1 mol of nitrogen oxide is 38 g on average, and 1 μmol is 38
μg.
【００２１】実験例２ ポリ塩化ビニールの板に各種の接着樹脂（高粘度エポキ
シ、低粘度エポキシ、紫外線アクリル、高粘度高速硬化
エポキシ及びスプレーウレタン）を塗布した後、光触媒
の粉末を振りかけ、硬化後、水洗・乾燥して試料とし
た。有効な表面積はいずれも100cm2である。実験例１の
場合と同様、一酸化窒素の初期濃度は 1.0ppm 、空気流
量は毎分 0.5リットルである。この場合の反応容器６の
出口におけるNO濃度の時間的変化を図３に示す。また、
この図では参考までに、光触媒を両面粘着テープを用い
て粉末のまま合成樹脂フィルムに固定した試料（有効面
積200cm2）、及びこれと同一量の光触媒を合成樹脂を用
いてシート状に形成した試料（有効面積20cm2)の結果を
同時に示した。 Experimental Example 2 After coating various adhesive resins (high viscosity epoxy, low viscosity epoxy, ultraviolet acrylic, high viscosity rapid curing epoxy and spray urethane) on a polyvinyl chloride plate, sprinkling photocatalyst powder and curing. The sample was washed with water and dried to obtain a sample. All effective surface areas are 100 cm 2 . As in the case of Experimental Example 1, the initial concentration of nitric oxide is 1.0 ppm, and the air flow rate is 0.5 liters per minute. FIG. 3 shows the change over time in the NO concentration at the outlet of the reaction vessel 6 in this case. Also,
In this figure, for reference, a sample (effective area 200 cm 2 ) in which the photocatalyst was fixed to the synthetic resin film as powder using a double-sided adhesive tape, and the same amount of the photocatalyst was formed into a sheet using the synthetic resin. The results of the sample (effective area 20 cm 2 ) are shown at the same time.
【００２２】接着樹脂による固定では、いずれも粉末の
まま付着させたものやシート状のものよりも成績がわる
くなっているが、一部のエポキシ樹脂及びウレタン樹脂
は固定化材料として使用できると考えられる。図で一番
除去効果が高いのは、光触媒を粉末のまま固定したもの
（△印）である。これと同一触媒量のシート（○印）は
実験例１の場合に比べて面積が小さい（したがって、シ
ートは単位面積当たりの光触媒量を大きくできる効果も
ある)ので、図１に示したような画期的な除去効果はな
いが、シート化により光触媒の活性がやや低下するもの
の、触媒表面がそれほど樹脂で覆われているわけではな
く、接着樹脂による場合と比べてむしろ汚染空気がシー
ト内部までよく拡散しているといえる。これは、処理開
始12時間後では、粉末の場合と差がなくなっていること
からも明らかであり、このことはフッ素樹脂シート内部
への汚染空気の拡散に時間はかかるものの、シート表面
だけではなく内部の光触媒も機能していることを示唆す
るものである。Fixing with an adhesive resin is inferior in performance to those obtained by directly adhering powder or sheet-like ones, but it is thought that some epoxy resins and urethane resins can be used as fixing materials. To be The photocatalyst fixed as powder has the highest removal effect in the figure (marked with Δ). The sheet with the same catalyst amount as this (circle) has a smaller area than in the case of Experimental Example 1 (therefore, the sheet also has the effect of increasing the amount of photocatalyst per unit area). Although it does not have an epoch-making removal effect, the activity of the photocatalyst is slightly reduced by making it into a sheet, but the surface of the catalyst is not so much covered with resin, and contaminated air reaches the inside of the sheet rather than when using adhesive resin. It can be said that it is spreading well. This is clear from the fact that there is no difference from the case of powder 12 hours after the start of treatment, which means that it takes time to diffuse contaminated air into the fluororesin sheet, but not only on the sheet surface. This suggests that the internal photocatalyst is also functioning.
【００２３】実験例３ 上記実験例ではNOの除去効果について示したが、本光触
媒は二酸化窒素（NO2)及び二酸化硫黄（SO2)も同様に除
去できる。図４及び図５は、実験例１のシート状試料を
用いた場合（実験条件も同一で試料の有効表面積は200
cm2 、模擬汚染空気の流量は毎分 0.5リットル）のNO2
及びSO2 の除去率（12時間平均）の初期濃度別の変化を
それぞれ示すものである。図に示すように、NO2 は0.05
〜0.7 ppm の範囲で除去率80％以上、SO2 は0.05〜1.0
ppm の範囲で90％以上の除去率が得られた。 Experimental Example 3 Although the above experimental example shows the effect of removing NO, this photocatalyst can also remove nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). 4 and 5 show the case where the sheet-shaped sample of Experimental Example 1 is used (the experimental conditions are the same and the effective surface area of the sample is 200
cm 2 with simulated polluted air flow rate of 0.5 liters per minute) NO 2
And the change of SO 2 removal rate (12-hour average) by initial concentration, respectively. As shown in the figure, NO 2 is 0.05
Removal rate of 80% or more in the range of ~ 0.7 ppm, SO 2 0.05 ~ 1.0
A removal rate of 90% or more was obtained in the ppm range.
【００２４】以上の実験結果から、この発明の浄化材を
構築物などに取り付けることにより環境大気の浄化を期
待できることがわかるが、これを現実に実施する場合の
態様について以下に説明する。光触媒の粉末を合成樹脂
を用いて固定するには、次のような工程によりシート状
又はパネル状の空気浄化材を構成する。まず、光触媒
（二酸化チタンあるいは二酸化チタンと活性炭との混合
物、あるいはこれに更に酸化鉄などの鉄系金属酸化物を
加えたもの）の粉末に溶媒及び界面活性剤を加えて混合
・攪拌する。この場合の溶媒は光触媒の成分粉の分散を
良好にするためのものであるが、界面活性剤は溶媒のこ
の機能を更に促進する。From the above experimental results, it can be seen that the purification of the ambient air can be expected by attaching the purification material of the present invention to a structure or the like. A mode for actually implementing this will be described below. To fix the photocatalyst powder using a synthetic resin, a sheet-like or panel-like air purifying material is formed by the following steps. First, a solvent and a surfactant are added to a powder of a photocatalyst (titanium dioxide or a mixture of titanium dioxide and activated carbon, or an iron-based metal oxide such as iron oxide added thereto) and mixed and stirred. The solvent in this case is for improving the dispersion of the component powder of the photocatalyst, but the surfactant further promotes this function of the solvent.
【００２５】次いで、これにバインダとしてのフッ素樹
脂などの樹脂粉末を加え、再び混合・攪拌する。その
後、遠心分離機にかけて溶媒を取り除き、次いでよく混
練した上で型に入れて圧縮成形し、厚さが 0.5〜１mm程
度のシートを形成する。そして、このシートを樹脂フィ
ルムで裏打ちしたり、ステンレス、樹脂、石膏などの板
材に貼り付けたりして、可撓性のあるシート状の浄化材
や剛性のあるパネル状の浄化材に仕上げる。大きさは葉
書サイズから畳サイズまで任意であり、シート状の場合
はロール材にすることも可能である。また、光触媒の粉
末を接着剤で固定するには、樹脂フィルム又は金属や樹
脂などの板材に接着剤を塗布して触媒粉末を振りかけ、
これを乾燥して固着させることにより、シート状やパネ
ル状の浄化材にする。形状や大きさは圧縮成形の場合と
同じでよい。Next, a resin powder such as a fluororesin as a binder is added to this, and the mixture is mixed and stirred again. Then, the solvent is removed by a centrifuge, and the mixture is well kneaded, put into a mold and compression-molded to form a sheet having a thickness of about 0.5 to 1 mm. Then, this sheet is lined with a resin film or attached to a plate material such as stainless steel, resin, or gypsum to finish into a flexible sheet-like purification material or a rigid panel-like purification material. The size is arbitrary from a postcard size to a tatami size, and in the case of a sheet, a roll material can be used. Further, in order to fix the photocatalyst powder with an adhesive, the adhesive is applied to a resin film or a plate material such as metal or resin, and the catalyst powder is sprinkled,
By drying and fixing this, a sheet-like or panel-like purifying material is obtained. The shape and size may be the same as in compression molding.
【００２６】上記浄化材は空気汚染の激しい街路や自動
車専用道路などに、日照や降水による洗浄を考慮して取
り付ける。図７は浄化材１３をビル１４の外壁を利用し
て取り付けた例であり、図８は高速道路１５の両側の遮
音板に取り付けた例である。このように既存の建造物や
構造物を利用すれば効率的であるが、図９に示すように
適宜の架台１６を専用に設けて浄化材１３を支持するこ
とも勿論可能である。一方、図１０に示す自動車道トン
ネル１７（図１０の（Ａ）は正面図、（Ｂ）は縦断面
図）や地下街などの屋内の場合には、光化学用蛍光灯な
どの人工光源１８により浄化材１３を照射する。なお、
図１０の自動車道トンネル１７には上部空間に空気浄化
室１９が区画され、送風機２０で矢印で示すように導入
された車道空間の汚染空気は、まず電気集じん機２１で
煤じんを除去され、次いで浄化材１３で窒素酸化物など
が除去されて車道空間に戻されるようになっている。The above-mentioned purification material is attached to a street where air is heavily polluted or an exclusive road for automobiles in consideration of washing with sunlight or precipitation. FIG. 7 shows an example in which the purifying material 13 is attached using the outer wall of the building 14, and FIG. 8 shows an example in which it is attached to the sound insulating plates on both sides of the highway 15. Although it is efficient to use an existing building or structure as described above, it is of course possible to provide an appropriate mount 16 exclusively for supporting the purifying material 13 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the case of indoors such as the highway tunnel 17 shown in FIG. 10 ((A) of FIG. 10 is a front view, (B) is a vertical sectional view) and indoors such as an underground mall, purification is performed by an artificial light source 18 such as a fluorescent lamp for photochemistry. Irradiate the material 13. In addition,
An air purification chamber 19 is defined in the upper space of the roadway tunnel 17 of FIG. 10, and the polluted air in the roadway space introduced by the blower 20 as indicated by the arrow is first removed of dust and soot by the electric dust collector 21. Next, the purifying material 13 is used to remove nitrogen oxides and the like and return them to the roadway space.
【００２７】次に、図１１及び図１２に上述の浄化材を
用いて揮発性有機塩素化合物を分解するこの発明の実施
例を示す。まず、図１１は水中に含まれた揮発性有機塩
素化合物を気体中に移行させた後、浄化材に接触させて
分解する装置の構成図で、図示装置は水中に含まれる揮
発性有機塩素化合物を空気中に移行させるストリッピン
グ槽２２と、この空気を浄化材１３に接触させて分解す
るリアクタ２３とからなっている。リアクタ２３は方形
断面の外筒２４の内壁面に、二酸化チタンからなる光触
媒（この場合は活性炭は不要である）を用いてすでに述
べた方法で製作された浄化材１３が貼り付けられ、外筒
２４の中心に波長 400ｎｍ以下の光を照射する人工光源
１８が配置された構成となっている。Next, FIGS. 11 and 12 show an embodiment of the present invention in which a volatile organic chlorine compound is decomposed by using the above-mentioned purifying material. First, FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an apparatus for moving a volatile organic chlorine compound contained in water into a gas and then contacting it with a purification material to decompose it. The illustrated apparatus is a volatile organic chlorine compound contained in water. It is composed of a stripping tank 22 for transferring the air into the air, and a reactor 23 for bringing the air into contact with the purifying material 13 to decompose the air. In the reactor 23, the purifying material 13 manufactured by the above-mentioned method using a photocatalyst made of titanium dioxide (in this case, activated carbon is unnecessary) is attached to the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 24 having a rectangular cross section. An artificial light source 18 for irradiating light having a wavelength of 400 nm or less is arranged at the center of 24.
【００２８】図示装置において、トリクロロエテン、テ
トラクロロエテンなどの揮発性有機塩素化合物を含む水
がポンプ２５によりストリッピング槽２２の底部に送入
されると、コンプレッサ２６から圧縮空気が水中に吹き
込まれ、揮発性有機塩素化合物は容易に空気中に移行さ
れる。この空気は次いで送気管２７を通してリアクタ２
３に送られ、浄化材１３と接触して気中の揮発性有機塩
素化合物が光源１８からの光で励起された二酸化チタン
で分解された後、リアクタ２３から放出される。また、
処理された水は排水管２８から放流される。揮発性有機
塩素化合物が蒸散した排気ガスを直接処理するのであれ
ばストリッピング槽２２は不要である。この実施例にお
いては、二酸化チタン粒子を担持させる浄化材１３に十
分な強度を持たせることができるので破損の心配がな
く、その施工や運搬も容易である。なお、この方法の対
象となる汚染物質は揮発性有機塩素化合物に限らず、揮
発性であって二酸化チタンで分解できるものであればよ
い。In the illustrated apparatus, when water containing a volatile organic chlorine compound such as trichloroethene or tetrachloroethene is sent to the bottom of the stripping tank 22 by the pump 25, compressed air is blown into the water from the compressor 26. Volatile organochlorine compounds are easily transferred into the air. This air then passes through the air pipe 27 to the reactor 2
3, the volatile organochlorine compound in the air is decomposed by titanium dioxide excited by the light from the light source 18, and is discharged from the reactor 23. Also,
The treated water is discharged from the drain pipe 28. The stripping tank 22 is not necessary if the exhaust gas from which the volatile organic chlorine compound has evaporated is directly treated. In this embodiment, since the purifying material 13 supporting the titanium dioxide particles can be provided with sufficient strength, there is no fear of breakage, and its construction and transportation are easy. The pollutant targeted by this method is not limited to a volatile organic chlorine compound, but may be any substance that is volatile and can be decomposed by titanium dioxide.
【００２９】これに対して図１２は、汚染物質を含む水
を直に浄化材に接触させて汚染物質を分解する装置の構
成図である。図において、方形断面のリアクタ２９内
に、図１１における場合と同様の浄化材１３が中心の光
源１８を囲んで間隔を置いて積層され、またその内壁面
にも貼り付けられている。揮発性有機塩素化合物を含む
水はポンプ３０によりリアクタ２９の底部に送入され、
浄化材１３と接触して揮発性有機塩素化合物が分解され
た後、排水管３１から排出される。この実施例において
は、二酸化チタン粒子がシート材あるいはパネル材とし
て固定された状態にあるので、二酸化チタン粒子を処理
済の水から分離するための沈澱槽や分離された二酸化チ
タンをリアクタに返送するポンプ配管などが不要であ
る。この場合、水中の汚染物質は揮発性有機塩素化合物
に限らず、二酸化チタンで分解されるものであればよ
く、また揮発性である必要もない。On the other hand, FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an apparatus for decomposing pollutants by directly contacting water containing pollutants with a purifying material. In the figure, in the reactor 29 having a rectangular cross section, the same purifying material 13 as that in the case of FIG. 11 is laminated at intervals around the central light source 18, and is also attached to the inner wall surface thereof. Water containing volatile organochlorine compounds is pumped into the bottom of reactor 29 by pump 30,
After the volatile organic chlorine compound is contacted with the purification material 13 to decompose it, it is discharged from the drain pipe 31. In this embodiment, since the titanium dioxide particles are fixed as a sheet material or a panel material, a precipitation tank for separating the titanium dioxide particles from the treated water or the separated titanium dioxide is returned to the reactor. No need for pump piping. In this case, the contaminant in the water is not limited to the volatile organochlorine compound, but may be any substance that can be decomposed by titanium dioxide, and need not be volatile.
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の効果】この発明によれば、二酸化チタンあるい
は二酸化チタンと活性炭との混合物を主成分とする光触
媒を太陽光の照射と降水による洗浄とが受けられる屋外
に固定して放置することにより、環境大気中の低濃度の
有害物質を有効に除去できる。また、光触媒表面に生成
物が蓄積して活性が低下しても、降水により洗い流され
ることにより機能が回復する。そして、従来の各種の対
策と異なり外部のエネルギを必要としないので、光触媒
に用いる二酸化チタン、活性炭、酸化鉄などが安価であ
ることと相まって非常に低価格・低運転費用で環境大気
の浄化を実現することができ、実用性が高いといえる。
その場合、光触媒の粉末を合成樹脂を用いてシート状又
はパネル状に成形したり、接着剤を用いてシート材又は
パネル材の表面に付着させたりして浄化材を構成してお
くことにより、施工や運搬が極めて簡単となる。According to the present invention, a photocatalyst containing titanium dioxide or a mixture of titanium dioxide and activated carbon as a main component is fixed and left to stand outdoors where it can be exposed to sunlight and washed by precipitation. It can effectively remove low concentrations of harmful substances in the ambient air. Further, even if the product is accumulated on the surface of the photocatalyst and the activity is lowered, the function is restored by being washed away by the precipitation. And, unlike the various conventional measures, it does not require external energy, so the titanium dioxide, activated carbon, iron oxide, etc. used for the photocatalyst are inexpensive, and therefore the environmental atmosphere can be purified at a very low price and low operating cost. It can be realized and is highly practical.
In that case, by forming the powder of the photocatalyst into a sheet or panel shape using a synthetic resin, or by adhering it to the surface of the sheet material or panel material using an adhesive, by configuring a purification material, Very easy to install and transport.
【００３１】大都市域など過密な地域においては、新た
な構造物を設置する空間はほとんどない。その場合に
は、既存の構造物、例えばビルの外壁、高速道路の遮音
板などを利用して浄化材を取り付ける。実験結果に基づ
く試算によれば、都市部の交通量の多い街路両側に本浄
化材を適用することで、次に述べる通り窒素酸化物濃度
を少なくとも２割削減できると考えられる。すなわち、
片側２車線（計４車線）の道路の１ｋｍの区間を考え、
この道路の１時間当たりの交通量を１万台と仮定する
と、これから 2,500ｇの窒素酸化物が排出される（平均
的な乗用車の窒素酸化物の排出量は0.25ｇ／km）。In a congested area such as a metropolitan area, there is almost no space for installing a new structure. In that case, the purifying material is attached using an existing structure such as an outer wall of a building or a sound insulating plate of a highway. According to the calculation based on the experimental results, it is considered that the nitrogen oxide concentration can be reduced by at least 20% as described below by applying the purification material to both sides of the street where the traffic volume is high in the urban area. That is,
Consider a 1km section of a road with 2 lanes on each side (4 lanes in total),
Assuming an hourly traffic volume of 10,000 on this road, 2,500g of nitrogen oxides will be emitted from this (average passenger car nitrogen oxides emission is 0.25g / km).
【００３２】一方、上記道路の両側に平均12階建て（高
さ40ｍ）のビルが連なっているとして、ビル外壁に本浄
化材を貼り付けた場合、窓以外の壁部分を７割とし、道
路の片側の壁のみが太陽光を受けて機能すると仮定する
と、有効な浄化材面積は28,000m2となり、この面積で１
時間当たり 500ｇの窒素酸化物が吸着・分解される。こ
れは上記排出量の２割に相当し、交通量の２割減、排ガ
ス規制の２割強化、あるいは電気自動車などの無排ガス
車の２割導入と同等の効果が達成される。On the other hand, assuming that an average 12-story building (height 40 m) is connected to both sides of the road, if the purification material is attached to the outer wall of the building, the wall portion other than the window will be 70% and the road Assuming that only one side of the wall receives sunlight, the effective purification material area will be 28,000 m 2 , which is 1
500 g of nitrogen oxides are adsorbed and decomposed per hour. This is equivalent to 20% of the above-mentioned emission amount, and the effect equivalent to 20% reduction of traffic volume, 20% tightening of exhaust gas regulations, or 20% introduction of non-emission vehicles such as electric vehicles can be achieved.
【００３３】太陽光が直接得られない地下駐車場、地下
街、地下通路などにおいては、換気口部分に浄化材を設
置するか、人工光源（光化学用蛍光灯など）を併用す
る。なお、降水時に浄化材から流出する硝酸などの濃度
は通常、１ミリリットル当たり数μｇ〜数十μｇという
天然の降水に含まれる程度の濃度であり、構造物や下水
道に影響を及ぼすことは考えられない。また、触媒成分
が万一環境中に飛散しても、それ自体は天然にも存在す
るものばかりであり、新たな環境問題を引き起こす心配
はない。In underground parking lots, underground malls, underground passages, etc., where sunlight cannot be obtained directly, a purifying material is installed in the ventilation port portion or an artificial light source (fluorescent lamp for photochemistry, etc.) is used together. Note that the concentration of nitric acid and the like that flows out from the purification material during precipitation is usually several μg to several tens of μg per milliliter, which is a concentration that is contained in natural precipitation, and may affect structures and sewers. Absent. In addition, even if the catalyst components are scattered in the environment, they are naturally present and do not cause a new environmental problem.
【００３４】また、水中の揮発性汚染物質を気中に移行
させ、これを二酸化チタンに接触させて分解する場合
に、二酸化チタン粒子をシート状あるいはパネル状に構
成した浄化材に担持させることにより、大気中の汚染物
質の除去の場合と同様の利点返られる。更に、水中の汚
染物質を直に二酸化チタンに接触させて分解する場合に
も上記浄化材を用いることにより、処理水からの二酸化
チタン粒子の回収などの必要がなく、装置が簡単で運転
管理も容易となる。Further, when volatile pollutants in water are transferred to the air and contacted with titanium dioxide for decomposition, the titanium dioxide particles are supported by a purifying material formed into a sheet or panel. Returned, similar benefits as in the removal of pollutants in the atmosphere. Furthermore, when the pollutants in water are directly contacted with titanium dioxide for decomposition, the use of the above purification material eliminates the need to recover titanium dioxide particles from the treated water, and the equipment is simple and the operation management is easy. It will be easy.
【図１】光触媒の粉末を合成樹脂を用いてシート状に形
成した浄化材試料の一酸化窒素除去効果を示す線図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a nitric oxide removing effect of a purification material sample in which a photocatalyst powder is formed into a sheet shape using a synthetic resin.
【図２】シート状の浄化材試料の一酸化窒素初期濃度と
除去率との関係を示す線図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial concentration of nitric oxide and the removal rate of a sheet-shaped purification material sample.
【図３】光触媒の粉末を樹脂接着剤を用いて合成樹脂板
に付着させた浄化材試料の一酸化窒素除去効果を示す線
図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a nitric oxide removal effect of a purification material sample in which a photocatalyst powder is attached to a synthetic resin plate using a resin adhesive.
【図４】光触媒の粉末を合成樹脂を用いてシート状に形
成した浄化材試料の二酸化窒素除去効果を示す線図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a nitrogen dioxide removing effect of a purification material sample in which a photocatalyst powder is formed into a sheet using a synthetic resin.
【図５】光触媒の粉末を合成樹脂を用いてシート状に形
成した浄化材試料の二酸化硫黄除去効果を示す線図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a sulfur dioxide removing effect of a purification material sample in which a photocatalyst powder is formed into a sheet using a synthetic resin.
【図６】この発明の汚染物質除去効果を確認する実験装
置の構成を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of an experimental device for confirming the contaminant removal effect of the present invention.
【図７】この発明の浄化材をビルの壁面に貼り付けて使
用する状態を概念的に示す横断面図である。FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing a state in which the purifying material of the present invention is used by being attached to the wall surface of a building.
【図８】この発明の浄化材を高速道路の遮音板に貼り付
けて使用する状態を概念的に示す横断面図である。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing a state in which the purification material of the present invention is used by being attached to a sound insulation plate of a highway.
【図９】この発明の浄化材を単独で設置した状態を概念
的に示す斜視図である。FIG. 9 is a perspective view conceptually showing a state in which the purifying material of the present invention is installed alone.
【図10】この発明の浄化材を自動車道トンネル内で使用
した状態を示す概念図で、（Ａ）は正面図、（Ｂ）は縦
断面図である。FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which the purification material of the present invention is used in a tunnel of a motorway, (A) is a front view, and (B) is a longitudinal sectional view.
【図11】水中から気体中に移行させた揮発性汚染物質を
この発明の浄化材で分解する実施例を示す装置の構成図
である。[Fig. 11] Fig. 11 is a configuration diagram of an apparatus showing an embodiment in which volatile pollutants transferred from water to gas are decomposed by the purification material of the present invention.
【図12】水中の汚染物質をこの発明の浄化材で分解する
実施例を示す装置の構成図である。FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of an apparatus showing an embodiment in which contaminants in water are decomposed by the purifying material of the present invention.
【図13】水中の汚染物質を粒状のままの光触媒で分解す
る従来例を示す装置の構成図である。FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of an apparatus showing a conventional example in which contaminants in water are decomposed by a photocatalyst in a granular form.
１ 汚染物質用高圧容器 ２ 高純度空気用高圧容器 ３ 減圧弁 ４ 精密流量調節器 ５ ４方切換弁 ６ シャーレ型反応容器 ７ 浄化材試料 ８ 光化学用蛍光灯 ９ 化学発光式窒素酸化物計 １０ 空気ポンプ １１ 排気口 １２ 排気口 １３ 浄化材 １４ ビル １５ 高速道路 １６ 架台 １７ 自動車道トンネル １８ 人工光源 １９ 空気浄化室 ２０ 送風機 ２１ 電気集じん機 ２２ ストリッピング槽 ２３ リアクタ ２５ ポンプ ２６ コンプレッサ ２９ リアクタ ３０ ポンプ 1 High-pressure container for pollutants 2 High-pressure container for high-purity air 3 Pressure reducing valve 4 Precision flow controller 5 4-way switching valve 6 Petri dish reaction vessel 7 Purifying material sample 8 Fluorescent lamp for photochemistry 9 Chemiluminescent nitrogen oxide meter 10 Air Pump 11 Exhaust port 12 Exhaust port 13 Purifying material 14 Building 15 Highway 16 Stand 17 Carriageway tunnel 18 Artificial light source 19 Air purifying room 20 Blower 21 Electrostatic precipitator 22 Stripping tank 23 Reactor 25 Pump 26 Compressor 29 Reactor 30 Pump
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｂ０１Ｊ 35/02 ＺＡＢ Ｊ 8017−4Ｇ Ｃ０２Ｆ 1/32 ＺＡＢ (72)発明者 竹内 浩士 茨城県つくば市小野川16番３ 工業技術院 資源環境技術総合研究所内 (72)発明者 新貝 和照 神奈川県川崎市川崎区田辺新田１番１号 富士電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 西方 聡 神奈川県川崎市川崎区田辺新田１番１号 富士電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 宮本 昌広 神奈川県川崎市川崎区田辺新田１番１号 富士電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 野口 幸洋 神奈川県川崎市川崎区田辺新田１番１号 富士電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 高橋 武男 神奈川県川崎市川崎区田辺新田１番１号 富士電機株式会社内─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 5 Identification number Office reference number FI technical display location B01J 35/02 ZAB J 8017-4G C02F 1/32 ZAB (72) Inventor Hiroshi Takeuchi Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture Onogawa 16-3 Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Institute for Natural Resources and Environment (72) Inventor Kazuteru Shingai 1-1 Tanabe Nitta, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Satoshi Saikata, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture Kawasaki-ku Tanabe Nitta 1-1 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masahiro Miyamoto 1-1 Kawabe-ku, Kanagawa Kawasaki-ku Tanabe Nitta 1-1 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yukihiro Noguchi Kawasaki, Kanagawa 1-1 Tanabe Nitta, Kawasaki-ku Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takeo Takahashi 1-1 Tanabe Nitta, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. In-house
Claims (5)
炭との混合物を主成分とする光触媒を太陽光の照射と降
水による洗浄とが受けられるように屋外に固定して放置
することを特徴とする大気中の汚染物質の除去方法。1. An atmosphere characterized in that a photocatalyst containing titanium dioxide or a mixture of titanium dioxide and activated carbon as a main component is fixed outdoors and left so that it can be exposed to sunlight and washed by precipitation. Method of removing pollutants.
炭との混合物を主成分とする光触媒の粉末を合成樹脂を
用いてシート状又はパネル状に成形して構成したことを
特徴とする浄化材。2. A purification material comprising a photocatalyst powder containing titanium dioxide or a mixture of titanium dioxide and activated carbon as a main component and molded into a sheet or panel using a synthetic resin.
炭との混合物を主成分とする光触媒の粉末を接着剤を用
いてシート材又はパネル材の表面に付着させて構成した
ことを特徴とする浄化材。3. A purification material comprising a photocatalyst powder containing titanium dioxide or a mixture of titanium dioxide and activated carbon as a main component, which is adhered to the surface of a sheet material or a panel material using an adhesive.
せ、次いでこの気体を波長 400ｎｍ以下の光を照射しな
がら請求項２又は請求項３記載の浄化材に接触させて前
記揮発性汚染物質を分解することを特徴とする汚染物質
の除去方法。4. The volatile pollution by transferring volatile pollutants in water into a gas, and then contacting the gas with the purifying material according to claim 2 or 3 while irradiating the gas with light having a wavelength of 400 nm or less. A method for removing pollutants, characterized by decomposing substances.
を照射しながら請求項２又は請求項３記載の浄化材に接
触させ、前記汚染物質を分解することを特徴とする汚染
物質の除去方法。5. Removal of pollutants, characterized in that water containing pollutants is brought into contact with the purification material according to claim 2 or 3 while irradiating light having a wavelength of 400 nm or less to decompose the pollutants. Method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6040488A JPH06315614A (en) | 1993-03-11 | 1994-02-15 | Method for removing contaminants and cleaning material |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5-77746 | 1993-03-11 | ||
| JP7774693 | 1993-03-11 | ||
| JP6040488A JPH06315614A (en) | 1993-03-11 | 1994-02-15 | Method for removing contaminants and cleaning material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06315614A true JPH06315614A (en) | 1994-11-15 |
Family
ID=26379946
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6040488A Pending JPH06315614A (en) | 1993-03-11 | 1994-02-15 | Method for removing contaminants and cleaning material |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06315614A (en) |
Cited By (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07171408A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-07-11 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | Photocatalyst body and method for producing the same |
| EP0725036A1 (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-07 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Activated carbon and process for producing the same |
| JPH08267646A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1996-10-15 | Toto Ltd | Stainproof member |
| WO1997000134A1 (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-01-03 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Photocatalyst-carrying structure and photocatalyst coating material |
| JPH0977574A (en) * | 1995-07-08 | 1997-03-25 | Toto Ltd | Concrete structure |
| JPH09228332A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1997-09-02 | Toto Ltd | Self-cleaning road decorative panel, and cleaning method of road decorative panel |
| JPH09228320A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1997-09-02 | Toto Ltd | Self-cleaning balustrade and cleaning method of balustrade |
| JPH09271731A (en) * | 1996-04-08 | 1997-10-21 | Toto Ltd | Removing method of objective material |
| US5965479A (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1999-10-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Activated carbon and process for producing the same |
| WO1999051337A1 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-14 | Chiyoda Corporation | Desulfurization of exhaust gases using activated carbon catalyst |
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| US6830785B1 (en) | 1995-03-20 | 2004-12-14 | Toto Ltd. | Method for photocatalytically rendering a surface of a substrate superhydrophilic, a substrate with a superhydrophilic photocatalytic surface, and method of making thereof |
| JP2005254185A (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Narikazu Ishiyuki | Photocatalyst support board |
| WO2006010897A1 (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2006-02-02 | Frank Cunningham | Device for improving the efficiency of solar panels |
| JP2006239671A (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-09-14 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | panel |
| US7264726B1 (en) | 1997-03-18 | 2007-09-04 | Selecto, Inc. | Nanocrystal-containing filtration media |
| CN100368064C (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2008-02-13 | 浙江大学 | Photocatalytic Oxidation Combined with Wet Absorption Wet Flue Gas Denitrification Process |
| US7695774B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2010-04-13 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Titanium oxide photocatalyst thin film and production method of titanium oxide photocatalyst thin film |
| JP2011058292A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-03-24 | Fujita Corp | Coating material with air cleaning function, paving method using the same, and road constructed by the paving method |
| CN110668657A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-01-10 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Water purification process |
| KR102095776B1 (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-04-01 | 딥클라우드 주식회사 | Exterior panel for fine dust reduction using carbon nano tube, slag, active carbon and photocatalyst, and method for making the same |
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| JPH07171408A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-07-11 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | Photocatalyst body and method for producing the same |
| EP0725036A1 (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-07 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Activated carbon and process for producing the same |
| US5965479A (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1999-10-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Activated carbon and process for producing the same |
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| JP2002302646A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 2002-10-18 | Toto Ltd | Sound insulating wall and method for washing sound insulating wall |
| KR100439136B1 (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 2004-09-16 | 미쓰비시 마테리알 가부시키가이샤 | NOx Purification Block for Packaging |
| US6524664B1 (en) | 1996-03-21 | 2003-02-25 | Toto Ltd. | Photocatalytically hydrophilifying and hydrophobifying material |
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| US6165256A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 2000-12-26 | Toto Ltd. | Photocatalytically hydrophilifiable coating composition |
| US7357868B2 (en) | 1997-03-18 | 2008-04-15 | Selecto, Inc. | Nanocrystal-containing filtration media |
| US7264726B1 (en) | 1997-03-18 | 2007-09-04 | Selecto, Inc. | Nanocrystal-containing filtration media |
| US6337129B1 (en) | 1997-06-02 | 2002-01-08 | Toto Ltd. | Antifouling member and antifouling coating composition |
| WO1999051337A1 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-14 | Chiyoda Corporation | Desulfurization of exhaust gases using activated carbon catalyst |
| US6616905B1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2003-09-09 | Chiyoda Corporation | Desulfurization of exhaust gases using activated carbon catalyst |
| JP2001121643A (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2001-05-08 | Toto Ltd | Antistaining member |
| JP2002061314A (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-02-28 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Air purification method using building with double outer wall structure and outer wall structure used therefor |
| US6680242B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2004-01-20 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Method of forming crystalline semiconductor thin film on base substrate, lamination formed with crystalline semiconductor thin film and color filter |
| JP2002285505A (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2002-10-03 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | NOx purification block with roughened surface |
| US7695774B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2010-04-13 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Titanium oxide photocatalyst thin film and production method of titanium oxide photocatalyst thin film |
| JP2005254185A (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Narikazu Ishiyuki | Photocatalyst support board |
| GB2421567A (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2006-06-28 | Frank Cunningham | Device for improving the efficiency of solar panels |
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| JP2006239671A (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-09-14 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | panel |
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| CN110668657A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-01-10 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Water purification process |
| CN116422640A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-07-14 | 广州黑格智造信息科技有限公司 | Cleaning agent recovery method, cleaning agent recovery module and cleaning equipment |
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