JPH06320334A - Lapping work device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] It is possible to lap a gear that has stepped gears and is subject to interference from other gears when viewed from the mounting position of the lap processing device, and To provide a lapping machine capable of lapping with high accuracy. A lapping unit 10 and a main body 50 for reciprocating the lapping unit 10 up and down are provided, and the lapping unit 10 has a holder 103 and a protrusion 101a on the inner side, and a shaft of the holder 103. The lapping jig 101 attached to the holder 103 so as to be openable and closable with respect to the core, the spring 105 for urging the lapping jig 101 in the opening direction, and the holder 10 on the outer peripheral surface of the holder 103.
3 is slidably arranged in the axial direction, the inner peripheral surface is formed in a tapered shape, and has a taper ring 102 for restricting the opening operation of the lapping jig.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a work, and more particularly to a lapping apparatus for lapping a tooth tip of a gear.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Gears are an important component of machines that transmit motion by successive meshing teeth. In particular, since it is possible to efficiently transmit a rotational motion with an accurate speed ratio and a large amount of power with an extremely small structure, small gears such as meters and clocks to transmission gears for medium-sized automobiles and large gears can be used. It is used in an extremely wide range of fields, from tens of thousands of horsepower to marine turbine reduction gears.

Generally, since the magnitude of vibration and noise of a gear depends on whether the machining accuracy is good or bad, it is desired to improve the machining accuracy. Particularly in the field of automobiles where habitability is important recently, it is required to improve the machining accuracy of gears in order to eliminate the causes of vibration and noise.

In the conventional gear forming process, after the gear is formed, lapping is performed in order to improve the dimensional accuracy and smooth the finished surface. Conventionally, the lapping apparatus used for gears is As shown in FIG. 10, in lapping the external gear, the gear 1 held on the chuck 16 by a plurality of claws 16 a provided on the chuck 16.
The lapping jig 4a-1 axially supported by the hydraulic holder 8 is applied to the 4-1 to slide the lapping jig 4a-1 up and down, and the gear 14-1 and the lapping jig are used. It is known that the jig 4a-1 and the jig 4a-1 are revolved around each other to perform lapping based on the meshing operation.

[0005]

However, in the conventional lapping apparatus, since the lapping jig is held by a cantilever for processing, the lapping jig has a sufficient processing load in terms of rigidity. However, there is a problem that productivity is poor when there is a large amount of tooth profile modification from the tooth profile based on the meshing operation and the machining allowance is large. Further, in the case of the external gear, in the case where the upper and lower gears have a small diameter as shown in FIG. 9A, and the central gear has a large diameter and a root diameter smaller than the small tip diameter, However, since the machining direction is reversed, the gear chuck needs to be redone, resulting in a problem that machining accuracy and productivity are deteriorated. Further, in the case of the internal gear, as shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C, when the gear or hole at the entrance interferes with the root diameter, the problem that the lower gear cannot be lapped was there. In particular, in the above case, it was difficult to accurately process the stepped portion.

Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to lap a gear in which a gear is formed in a stepped manner and which is interfered with by another gear when viewed from the mounting position of the lapping device, and the stepped portion is formed. An object of the present invention is to provide a lapping apparatus that can perform lapping with high accuracy.

[0007]

The present invention is, firstly, a lapping apparatus for lapping an external gear, comprising a lapping unit and a main body for vertically reciprocating the lapping unit. , The lapping unit has a substantially columnar shape, has a holder that reciprocates, and a protrusion having a processing tool inside, and is attached to the holder,
A lapping jig that can be opened and closed with respect to the axis of the holder; an elastic member that is provided between the holder and the lapping jig to urge the lapping jig in the opening direction; A slidably arranged axially of the holder on an outer peripheral surface of the holder, a tapered inner peripheral surface thereof, and a restricting member for restricting an opening operation of the lapping jig. Is.

Secondly, in a lapping apparatus for lapping an internal gear, it has a lapping unit and a main body for vertically reciprocating the lapping unit, and the lapping unit is substantially A holder having a columnar shape and reciprocating, a protrusion having a machining tool on the outside, which is attached to the holder and can be opened and closed with respect to the axis of the holder, and the holder. And an elastic member for urging the lapping jig in the closing direction, and an inner peripheral surface of the holder slidably in the axial direction of the holder. And a regulation member that is formed in a tapered shape and that regulates the opening operation of the lapping jig.

[0009]

In the lapping apparatus of the present invention, when machining an external gear that interferes with another gear, the regulating member is slid in the axial direction of the holder, and the lapping is performed by the urging force of the elastic member. Open the jig. In this open state, the lapping unit is moved to the position of the gear to be processed. Then, the regulating member is slid again to close the lapping jig, and the lapping unit is brought into contact with the gear to be machined, and the lapping unit is reciprocated up and down by the main body to perform lapping. Since the lapping unit is moved to a predetermined position with the lapping jig open as described above,
It is possible to easily move the lapping unit to the position of the gear to be machined without the interference of other gears on the protrusion having the machining tool. Therefore, it is possible to lap a gear that is interfered with another gear, and it is possible to accurately lap an internal gear having a stepped portion.

Next, when processing an internal gear interfered with by another gear, the regulating member is slid in the axial direction of the holder, and the lapping jig is closed by the urging force of the elastic member. In this closed state, the lapping unit is moved to the position of the gear to be processed. After that, the regulation member is slid again to open the lapping jig, and the lapping unit is brought into contact with the gear to be machined, and the lapping unit is reciprocated up and down by the main body to perform lapping. Since the lapping unit is moved to a predetermined position with the lapping jig closed as described above, it is possible to easily move the protruding portion having the machining tool to the machining target gear position without receiving interference from other gears. It is possible to move the lapping unit.
Therefore, it is possible to lap a gear that is interfered with another gear, and it is possible to accurately lap an external gear having a stepped portion.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The lapping apparatus A shown in the first embodiment of FIG. 1 is a lapping apparatus for external gears, and in the lapping apparatus A, the lapping unit 10 attached to the shaft portion 52 of the hydraulic holder 50 as the main body portion. Has a holder 103, a lapping jig 101 axially fixed to the holder 103 via a pin 104, and a taper ring 102 as a regulating member slidably provided on the outer periphery of the holder 103. is doing.

Here, the holder 103 has a substantially columnar shape and has a space for accommodating the lapping jig 101 in the lower part, and a screw groove for sliding the taper ring 102 is provided on the outer periphery thereof. ing.

Further, the lapping jig 101 has a tapered surface on the outer circumference, and the protruding portion 1 protruding toward the axial center is provided on the inner side.
01a and has an outer shape having a substantially L-shaped cross section, and the lapping tool attached to the tip of the protruding portion 101a is applied to the gear to perform lapping. The lapping jig 101 is attached to the holder 103 by a pin 104 so as to be rotatable around the pin 104, and the lapping jig 101 is divided into four parts in the circumferential direction. Therefore, when it opens in the outer peripheral direction, it rotates in four directions. A spring 105 as an elastic member is attached between the holder 103 and the lapping jig 101, and the spring 105 biases the lapping jig 101 outward.

The taper ring 102 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and has a taper surface provided along the taper surface of the lapping jig 101 on the inner side in the lower part. Further, it has a rotation tool insertion hole 107 for sliding the taper ring 102 in the vertical direction with respect to the holder 103, and a rotation tool (not shown) is fitted into the rotation tool insertion hole 107,
The lever ring is used to rotate the taper ring 102 to slide it up and down. That is, the lapping jig 101 moves the spring 10 by sliding the taper ring 102 upward.
When the tapered ring 102 is slid downward, the lapping jig 101 is opened.
Is closed by sliding along the tapered surface. Figure 1
Indicates a closed state.

The use state of the lapping apparatus configured as described above will be described. For example, in the case of processing a gear located in the lower stage in a stepped multiple gear as shown in FIG. Slide the ring 102 upward to open the lapping jig 101,
The hydraulic holder 50 moves the lapping unit 10 downward to arrange the lapping unit 10 at a predetermined position, and then, the phase of the lapping jig and the phase of the gear are matched. Then, while sliding the lapping unit 10 up and down by the hydraulic holder 50,
The lapping jig 101 is gradually closed to perform lapping. Then, finally, the lapping jig 101 is completely closed, and the lapping is completed when the entire machining surface of the lapping jig 101 comes into contact with the gear. The gears located at the top and center of FIG. 9A are different types of lapping jigs, that is, the state in which the lapping jig 101 is completely closed corresponds to the gear specifications of the gear to be processed. Lapping is performed by a lapping unit equipped with a suitable lapping jig.

Here, the machining allowance can be given by appropriately adjusting the stroke of the taper ring 102, and the machining allowance can be successively increased. Although the width of the lapping tool is arbitrary, the smaller the width, the smaller the interference with the gear at the time of closing, but the sliding distance in the tooth trace direction of the lapping tool becomes longer and the machining efficiency decreases. Further, by precisely controlling the processing stroke in the axial direction of the lapping jig 101, it is possible to machine up to the root of the stepped portion as long as the lapping jig 101 can be inserted. Furthermore, although the number of divisions of the lapping jig 101 and whether the tapered surface shape is a cone or a polygonal pyramid differ depending on the tooth profile specifications and processing conditions, it is preferable that the number of divisions be 3 or more in order to perform highly accurate processing.

By combining the above lapping apparatus with an automatic exchanging device for a lapping jig, it is possible to automatically perform lapping on each gear having different tooth profile specifications while holding the gear on the chuck. it can. As a result, the electric discharge machining of the gear or the gear shape, the grinding, the machining of the entire process of the lap are automated, and the product accuracy and the productivity can be improved and the cost can be reduced.

Next, the lapping apparatus shown as the second embodiment is constructed as shown in FIG. In addition, below,
The same parts are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is partially omitted.

The taper ring 1 axially attached to the holder 103
By rotating 02, the taper ring 102 is slid up and down, and the lapping jig 101 axially attached to the holder 103 via the pin 104 is attached to the taper ring 10.
The point of opening and closing by the sliding of 2 and the biasing force of the spring 105 is the same as in the first embodiment, and the lapping jig 101 is used.
The number of divisions is 4 as in the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the shapes of the holder 103, the lapping jig 101, and the taper ring 102 are different from those of the first embodiment. For example, on the upper outer circumference of the holder 103 and the upper inner circumference of the taper ring,
Steps 108 and 109 are formed, these steps function as stoppers, and the step 10 of the taper ring 102 is formed.
The lapping jig 101 is fully closed when 9 reaches the step 108 of the holder 103.

The use state of the lapping machine in this embodiment is almost the same as that of the first embodiment. After the lapping machine is placed at a predetermined position in the axial direction in the open state, the phases of the lapping jig and the gear are matched. After that, a rotary tool is inserted into the rotary tool insertion hole 107, and the taper ring 102 is gradually rotated and moved downward to give a machining allowance to the gear. Step 10
By processing so as to hit up to 8, it becomes possible to process to a regular size.

The lapping apparatus shown as the third embodiment is
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a pin 104 is attached to the holder 103 including the holder base portion 103a and the holder main body portion 103b.
As in the first and second embodiments, the lapping jig 101 is rotatably fixed through the holder, and the taper ring 102 is provided on the outer circumference of the holder 103 and the lapping jig 101. Is. A characteristic of this embodiment is that a piston rod 110 is provided inside the holder main body 103b, and a supply member 116 'for supplying oil, air or the like supplied from a passage 117 provided in the holder base 103a.
The piston rod 1 by adjusting the supply amount of
It is to control the vertical height of 10 and adjust the height of the taper ring 102.

That is, the taper ring 102 is fixed to the piston rod 110 via the pin 114, and the piston rod 110 is biased upward by the spring 111 provided between the piston rod 110 and the holder body 103b. Therefore, the pressure receiving surface 116 of the piston rod
By pumping the supply member 116 ′ through the passage 117, the taper ring 102 moves downward.

When the piston rod 110 moves upward, the taper ring 102 also moves upward accordingly.
The elasticity of the spring 105 causes the lapping jig 101 to open in the outer peripheral direction. When the piston rod 110 moves downward, the lapping jig 101 is closed.
In FIG. 3, the lapping jig 101 is a taper ring 102.
Shows the case where it is at the lowermost position, and the taper ring 102 comes to this position when the lapping process is completed. FIG. 4 shows the case where the taper ring 102 is at the uppermost position, and the taper ring 102 is in this state when the lapping jig 101 is inserted into the gear or when the lapping jig 101 is separated from the gear after the lapping is completed. Become. In addition, the supply member of oil, air, etc.,
O-rings 112, 115 prevent leakage.

The use state of the lapping apparatus in the third embodiment is almost the same as that of the first and second embodiments except that the method of moving the taper ring 102 up and down is different. After arranging at a predetermined position in the axial direction in the open state, the phases of the lapping jig 101 and the gear are matched, and then the taper ring 102 is moved downward by supplying a supply member such as oil. Give processing fee to
By processing so that the stepped portion 109 of the taper ring 102 abuts on the stepped portion 108 of the holder 103, it is possible to perform processing to a regular size.

The lapping apparatus shown as the fourth embodiment is
As shown in FIG. 5, the structure is almost the same as that of the second embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given to the same members and the description thereof will be omitted. In the present embodiment, the vertical movement of the taper ring 102 is performed using a rotating tool, but in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the lapping jig 101 has a tooth shape in a circumferential shape. On the other hand, it is characterized in that the load applied to the lapping jig 101 is reduced by providing a gap of a distance X between the four lapping jigs 101. is there. In this embodiment, a phase determining groove 119 is provided on the inner circumference of the taper ring 102, and the phase determining groove 1 is provided.
Protrusion 12 provided on the lapping jig 101 side
By fitting 0, the positioning accuracy of the lapping jig 101 is maintained, and lapping is possible even when the gap X is provided. The gap X is appropriately selected according to the specifications of the gear.

According to the present embodiment, the machining range of the gear as the workpiece is limited to the portion where the lapping tool is located when it is positioned, but the relative phase between the gear and the lapping jig 101 is changed and machining is performed again. By performing the step of, it becomes possible to process all the tooth profile portions of the gear. According to this configuration, adjacent lapping jigs 101 such as helical gears are used.
Since it is not necessary to process the mating surfaces of the two, it is possible to reduce the number of processing steps, the processing period, and the processing cost.

The lapping apparatus shown as the fifth embodiment is
As shown in FIG. 6, the structure is similar to that of the fourth embodiment, but the lapping jig 101 ′ has a chasen-shaped spring structure, and the pin 104 is not used as shown in FIG. Is to have. This lapping jig 1
Reference numeral 01 ′ has a leaf spring 101′a, which is attached to the retainer 103c of the holder 103 with a screw or the like, and a rotation tool (not shown) is inserted into the rotation tool insertion hole 107 to rotate the taper ring 102 to rotate the taper ring 102. Is moved upward, the lapping jig 101 'has a chasen-shaped spring structure, so that each of the divided lapping jigs 101' is opened in the outer peripheral direction. Further, since the upper end of the lapping jig 101 'has a T-shaped cross section and projects outward from the outer peripheral surface of the holder 103, it also serves as a stopper when the taper ring 102 is lowered. It will be. The leaf spring 101'a of the lapping jig 101 'is the same as the lapping jig 1'.
It is necessary to move with a lower weight than the spring 105 that is biased to open 01 'outward.

In the lapping apparatus main body 30 in the lapping apparatus as the sixth embodiment shown below, the lapping apparatus described above is an apparatus for external gears, whereas a lapping apparatus for internal gears is used. Is.

That is, the lapping apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is configured for internal teeth, and as shown in FIG. 7, it is wrapped by a pin 304 on a holder 303 composed of a holder base portion 303a and a holder main body portion 303b. The processing jig 301 is rotatably fixed, and a taper ring 302 is provided on the inner circumference of the lapping jig 301.

Similar to the fourth embodiment, the lapping jig 301 is divided into four parts with a predetermined interval, and has a tapered surface on the inner periphery thereof.
Has a protruding portion 301a protruding outward, and the protruding portion 30a
A lapping tool is provided at the tip of 1a. Further, the taper ring 302 has a taper surface along the taper surface of the lapping jig 301.
And the holder body 303b are urged upward by a spring 311 provided between the holder body 303b and the taper by adjusting the supply amount of a supply member such as oil or air supplied from a passage 317 provided in the holder base 303a. The height of the ring 302 is adjusted. When the taper ring 302 descends, the lapping jig 301 opens outward and the taper ring 302
When rises, it will close inward.

The state of use of the lapping apparatus for internal gears configured as described above will be explained. For example, as shown in FIGS. 9 (b) and 9 (c), the inner diameter of the inlet portion of the gear is at the back. When machining a gear having a diameter smaller than the inner diameter, the taper ring 302 is slid upward to close the lapping jig 301, and the machining device body 30 is moved downward by a hydraulic holder (not shown). After arranging at a predetermined position, the lapping jig 301 is opened while matching the phase of the lapping jig with the phase of the gear,
The whole of the processing device main body 30 is slid up and down by the hydraulic holder 30, and the lapping process is performed while gradually opening the lapping jig 301. The gear located at the upper portion of FIG. 9B is subjected to lapping by replacing the lapping jig.

Next, a seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is the sixth embodiment described above.
Although the configuration is substantially the same as that of the embodiment, the groove portion 330 is formed in the taper ring 302 and the convex guide 331 is formed in the lapping jig 301 to ensure the positioning.

[0033]

According to the lapping apparatus according to the present invention, in the case of a gear having stepped gears, in the case of an external gear, the lapping jig is opened to position the lapping unit at a predetermined axial position. After performing the lapping process, the lapping jig is reversely returned to its original position for lapping. It is possible to lap a gear that has been interfered with by another gear, and it is possible to accurately lap even a stepped portion. Moreover, since the lapping unit is moved to the position of the gear to be processed with the jig for lapping being opened, the lapping unit can be easily moved to the position to be processed.

Also for the internal gear, it is possible to lap a gear that is interfered with by another gear when viewed from the mounting position of the lapping device, and it is possible to accurately lap even the stepped portion. Further, the lapping unit can be easily moved to the processing target position.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of a lapping apparatus according to the present invention.

2A and 2B are views showing a device main body portion of a lapping device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 2A is a partial sectional view and FIG. 2B is an end view.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a device body of a lapping device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state in which a lapping jig is opened in a device body of a lapping device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

5A and 5B are diagrams showing a device main body portion of a lapping device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5A is a partial sectional view, and FIG. 5B is an end view.

6A and 6B are views showing an apparatus main body of a lapping apparatus based on a fifth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 6A is a partial sectional view, and FIG. 6B is an end view.

7A and 7B are views showing an apparatus main body portion of a lapping apparatus based on a sixth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7A is a partial sectional view, and FIG. 7B is an end view.

8A and 8B are views showing a device main body of a lapping device based on a seventh embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 8A is a partial sectional view and FIG. 8B is an end view.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a gear used in the lapping apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 9 (a) is a diagram showing an external gear;
(B) is a figure which shows the internal gear in which the gear is comprised by two steps, (c) is a figure which shows the internal gear in which the gear is formed in the lower part.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a conventional lapping apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Lapping apparatus 10, 30 Lapping unit 101, 301 Lapping jig 101a, 301a Projecting portion 102, 302 Tapering ring 103, 303 Holder 105, 305 Spring

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A lapping apparatus for lapping an external gear, comprising: a lapping unit and a main body for vertically reciprocating the lapping unit, wherein the lapping unit has a substantially columnar shape and reciprocates. A holder that moves, a protrusion having a processing tool inside, and a lapping jig that is attached to the holder and that can be opened and closed with respect to the axis of the holder; and the holder and the lapping jig. An elastic member that is provided between the tools and biases the lapping jig in the opening direction, and is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the holder so as to be slidable in the axial direction of the holder, and the inner peripheral surface is formed in a tapered shape. And a regulating member for regulating the opening operation of the lapping jig. 2. A lapping apparatus for lapping an internal gear, comprising: a lapping unit and a main body for vertically reciprocating the lapping unit, wherein the lapping unit has a substantially columnar shape and reciprocates. A holder that moves, a protrusion having a machining tool on the outside, and a lapping jig that is attached to the holder and can be opened and closed with respect to the axis of the holder, and the holder and the lapping jig. An elastic member that is provided between the tools and biases the lapping jig in the closing direction, and is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the holder so as to be slidable in the axial direction of the holder, and the outer peripheral surface is formed in a tapered shape. And a regulating member for regulating the opening operation of the lapping jig.