JPH06333585A - Fuel cell power generation device start-up operation method and device - Google Patents
Fuel cell power generation device start-up operation method and deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06333585A JPH06333585A JP5145421A JP14542193A JPH06333585A JP H06333585 A JPH06333585 A JP H06333585A JP 5145421 A JP5145421 A JP 5145421A JP 14542193 A JP14542193 A JP 14542193A JP H06333585 A JPH06333585 A JP H06333585A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- gas
- fuel cell
- cathode
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【目的】 起動時の昇温でアノード入口側のラインを暖
める。
【構成】 燃料電池Ｉ側と改質器１０側とを遮断弁２
８，２９，３０，３１，３８で分離し、各々独立して昇
温させるようにする。燃料電池のカソード２の昇温は、
カソード出口側からカソード入口側への再循環させるガ
スをヒータ３４で加熱することにより行う。アノード３
の昇温は、カソード２側からの伝熱により行う。アノー
ド３の入口側の遮断弁３０の下流位置とアノード３の出
口側の遮断弁３１の上流位置とをアノード再循環ライン
４１で結ぶ。このラインに再循環ブロワ４０を設け、再
循環させられるガスを、カソード２側からの熱伝達を利
用して加熱させる。
(57) [Summary] [Purpose] The line on the anode inlet side is warmed by the temperature rise at startup. [Structure] Shutoff valve 2 between the fuel cell I side and the reformer 10 side
It is separated at 8, 29, 30, 31, and 38, and the temperature is independently raised. The temperature rise of the cathode 2 of the fuel cell is
This is performed by heating the gas to be recirculated from the cathode outlet side to the cathode inlet side with the heater 34. Anode 3
The temperature is raised by heat transfer from the cathode 2 side. An anode recirculation line 41 connects the downstream position of the shutoff valve 30 on the inlet side of the anode 3 and the upstream position of the shutoff valve 31 on the outlet side of the anode 3. A recirculation blower 40 is provided in this line to heat the gas to be recirculated by utilizing heat transfer from the cathode 2 side.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は燃料の有する化学エネル
ギーを直接電気エネルギーに変換させるエネルギー部門
で用いる燃料電池による発電装置における運転開始前の
起動運転方法及び装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a start-up operation method and apparatus before starting operation in a fuel cell power generator used in an energy sector for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】燃料電池のうち、溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池
は、電解質として溶融炭酸塩を多孔質体にしみ込ませて
なるタイル（電解質板）を、カソード（酸素極）とアノ
ード（燃料極）の両電極で両面から挟み、カソード側に
酸化ガスを、又、アノード側に燃料ガスを供給すること
によりカソード側及びアノード側で電気化学反応を起こ
させて発電させるようにしたものを単セルと言い、この
単セルを出力規模に見合うように多層に積層（スタッ
ク）して発電を行うようにしてある。2. Description of the Related Art Among fuel cells, a molten carbonate fuel cell has a tile (electrolyte plate) formed by impregnating molten carbonate as an electrolyte into a porous body, and a tile (electrolyte electrode) and an anode (fuel electrode). A unit cell that is sandwiched from both sides by both electrodes and is configured to generate an oxidizing gas on the cathode side and a fuel gas on the anode side to cause an electrochemical reaction on the cathode side and the anode side to generate electricity. In other words, the unit cells are stacked in layers so as to match the output scale to generate electricity.
【０００３】かかる構成の溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池を用い
た発電装置において、天然ガスを燃料として用いた場合
のシステム系統構成の一般的なものとしては、図３に一
例を示す如きものがある。In a power generator using a molten carbonate fuel cell having such a structure, there is a general system configuration of a system using natural gas as a fuel as shown in FIG.
【０００４】すなわち、タイル１を両側からカソード２
とアノード３とで挟んでなる燃料電池Ｉのカソード２の
入口側に、途中に１段空気圧縮機４、中間冷却器５、２
段空気圧縮機６、空気予熱器７を有する空気供給ライン
８を接続して、空気Ａが供給されるようにすると共に、
空気Ａの一部を分岐ライン９により改質器１０に燃焼用
空気として供給し、カソード２の出口側に接続したカソ
ード出口ガスライン１１に排出されたカソード出口ガス
ＣＧをタービン１２に導いた後、空気予熱器７を通して
排出させるようにしてある。一方、燃料電池Ｉのアノー
ド３の出口側から排出されたアノード出口ガスＡＧには
水分が含まれているので、このアノード出口ガス中の水
分を気水分離器１７で分離した後、分離した水Ｈ2 Ｏを
改質反応を起こさせるための蒸気発生源として系統内に
入れるという手法を採り入れるために、アノード３から
アノード出口ガスライン２５に排出されたアノード出口
ガスＡＧを、熱交換器１３を通した後、天然ガスＮＧの
供給ライン２６上の燃料予熱器１４、蒸発器１５を経て
冷却器１６に導き、ここで凝縮させて気水分離器１７に
てガスと水とに分離し、ガスはブロワ１８にて上記熱交
換器１３へのライン１９を通して改質器１０の燃焼室側
へ導くようにすると共に、水Ｈ2 Ｏはポンプ２０で昇圧
されて給水加熱器２１へ送られ、ここで加熱されて給水
ライン２２より蒸発器１５を経て蒸気として改質器１０
の入口側に供給され天然ガスＮＧと混ぜられるようにし
てあり、改質器１０で水素に富んだガスに改質されたガ
スは燃料ガス供給ライン２３により燃料電池Ｉのアノー
ド３に、又、改質器１０の燃焼室から排出された炭酸ガ
スを含むガスはライン２４より上記空気供給ライン８の
空気とともに燃料電池Ｉのカソード２にそれぞれ供給さ
れるようにしてある。２７は天然ガス供給ライン２６上
に設けた脱硫器である。That is, the tile 1 is attached to the cathode 2 from both sides.
And the anode 3 are sandwiched between the cathode 2 and the cathode 2 of the fuel cell I, and a one-stage air compressor 4, an intercooler 5, 2
An air supply line 8 having a stage air compressor 6 and an air preheater 7 is connected so that the air A is supplied, and
After a part of the air A is supplied as combustion air to the reformer 10 through the branch line 9 and the cathode outlet gas CG discharged to the cathode outlet gas line 11 connected to the outlet side of the cathode 2 is guided to the turbine 12. The air is heated through the air preheater 7. On the other hand, since the anode outlet gas AG discharged from the outlet side of the anode 3 of the fuel cell I contains water, the water in the anode outlet gas is separated by the steam separator 17, and the separated water is then separated. In order to adopt the method of introducing H 2 O into the system as a steam generation source for causing a reforming reaction, the anode outlet gas AG discharged from the anode 3 to the anode outlet gas line 25 is transferred to the heat exchanger 13. After passing through, it is led to the cooler 16 through the fuel preheater 14 and the evaporator 15 on the natural gas NG supply line 26, where it is condensed and separated into gas and water by the steam separator 17, Is guided to the combustion chamber side of the reformer 10 through the line 19 to the heat exchanger 13 by the blower 18, and the water H 2 O is boosted by the pump 20 and sent to the feed water heater 21. Heated in Reformer 10 as a vapor through the evaporator 15 from the water supply line 22 Te
Is supplied to the inlet side of the fuel gas I and mixed with the natural gas NG, and the gas reformed into the hydrogen-rich gas in the reformer 10 is supplied to the anode 3 of the fuel cell I by the fuel gas supply line 23, and The gas containing carbon dioxide gas discharged from the combustion chamber of the reformer 10 is supplied from the line 24 to the cathode 2 of the fuel cell I together with the air in the air supply line 8. Reference numeral 27 is a desulfurizer provided on the natural gas supply line 26.
【０００５】上記のように構成されている溶融炭酸塩型
燃料電池発電装置では、通常運転開始前の起動運転とし
て、燃料電池Ｉの昇温と、改質器１０の昇温を別々に行
うようにしている。In the molten carbonate fuel cell power generator configured as described above, the temperature of the fuel cell I and the temperature of the reformer 10 are separately raised as the starting operation before the start of the normal operation. I have to.
【０００６】燃料電池の昇温は、カソード２側に不活性
ガスとしてのＮ2 ガスを再循環させながら、ヒータで加
熱して行くことにより行い、アノード３はカソード２か
らの伝熱により昇温させている。The temperature of the fuel cell is raised by heating with a heater while recirculating N 2 gas as an inert gas to the cathode 2 side, and the anode 3 is raised by heat transfer from the cathode 2. I am letting you.
【０００７】溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池の電解質の融点は約
４９０℃である。したがって、燃料電池の昇温は、昇温
時に電池内部の温度差が一定値以内に納まるよう比較的
低速度で行って、電解質が一様に溶融するように行う必
要がある。特に融点付近では一定時間の温度保持が必要
である。このため、燃料電池を常温から６５０℃まで昇
温させるのに数日（２日位）を要する。The melting point of the electrolyte of the molten carbonate fuel cell is about 490 ° C. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the temperature of the fuel cell at a relatively low speed so that the temperature difference inside the cell is kept within a certain value when the temperature is raised so that the electrolyte is uniformly melted. Especially near the melting point, it is necessary to maintain the temperature for a certain period of time. Therefore, it takes several days (about two days) to raise the temperature of the fuel cell from room temperature to 650 ° C.
【０００８】一方、改質器１０については、図４に示す
アノードバイパスライン３６を利用してＮ2 ガスを循環
させ、改質器の燃焼室で天然ガスを燃焼することによっ
てこのＮ2 ガスを加熱し８００℃位まで昇温するように
し、昇温後はＮ2 ガスを水蒸気Ｈ2 Ｏで置換し、次い
で、天然ガスＣＨ4 を供給して、 ＣＨ4 ＋３Ｈ2 Ｏ→４Ｈ2 ＋ＣＯ2 ＋Ｈ2 Ｏ の反応が行われるようにするが、上記昇温までの所要時
間は３時間位である。[0008] On the other hand, the reformer 10, by utilizing the anode bypass line 36 shown in FIG. 4 to circulate the N 2 gas, the N 2 gas by burning natural gas in the combustion chamber of the reformer After heating, the temperature was raised to about 800 ° C., and after the temperature was raised, N 2 gas was replaced with steam H 2 O, and then natural gas CH 4 was supplied to CH 4 + 3H 2 O → 4H 2 + CO 2 + H. Although the reaction of 2 O is carried out, the time required to raise the temperature is about 3 hours.
【０００９】このように燃料電池発電装置の運転前に燃
料電池Ｉと改質器１０を昇温させる場合、昇温に要する
時間が相違すること、並びに、タイル１は水Ｈ2 Ｏを嫌
うのでアノード３に１００％の水を供給することは好ま
しくないが、改質器１０とアノード３とを連通状態にす
ると、改質器１０の昇温過程で１００％の水蒸気を流す
過程があり、これがアノード３に入ることになると、上
記のような好ましくない結果になること、等から、燃料
電池Ｉ側と改質器１０を各々独立して昇温させられるよ
うに、従来では図４に概要を示す如く、カソード２の入
口側と出口側に各々遮断弁２８と２９を設けると共に、
アノード３の入口側と出口側にも各々遮断弁３０と３１
を設けて、改質器１０とアノード３との連通状態を断
ち、燃料電池Ｉ側と改質器１０側を各々独立して昇温す
るようにしている。As described above, when the temperature of the fuel cell I and the reformer 10 is raised before the operation of the fuel cell power generator, the time required for raising the temperature is different and the tile 1 dislikes water H 2 O. It is not preferable to supply 100% water to the anode 3, but when the reformer 10 and the anode 3 are in communication with each other, there is a process in which 100% steam is flown during the temperature rising process of the reformer 10. In order to increase the temperature of the fuel cell I side and the reformer 10 independently of each other, the outline is conventionally shown in FIG. As shown, the shutoff valves 28 and 29 are provided on the inlet side and the outlet side of the cathode 2, respectively, and
Shut-off valves 30 and 31 are provided on the inlet side and the outlet side of the anode 3, respectively.
Is provided so that the communication between the reformer 10 and the anode 3 is cut off, and the fuel cell I side and the reformer 10 side are independently heated.
【００１０】燃料電池Ｉを昇温させる場合は、前記した
ように、カソード２にＮ2 ガスを流しながらヒータで加
熱して行くようにするために、カソード２の入口側の遮
断弁２８の下流側位置とカソード２の出口側の遮断弁２
９の上流側位置とをカソード循環ライン３２で結ぶよう
にし、該循環ライン３２の途中に循環用ブロワ３３とヒ
ータ３４を設け、図４の如く遮断弁２８，２９を閉にし
て、ブロワ３３で循環させられるＮ2 ガスをヒータ３４
で加熱することによりカソード２を昇温させ、この熱を
タイル１を介しアノード３に伝えてアノード３も間接的
に昇温させるようにしている。When the temperature of the fuel cell I is raised, as described above, in order to heat the cathode 2 with the heater while flowing N 2 gas, the downstream side of the shutoff valve 28 on the inlet side of the cathode 2 is used. Side position and shutoff valve 2 on the outlet side of cathode 2
9 is connected to the upstream position of 9 by a cathode circulation line 32, a circulation blower 33 and a heater 34 are provided in the middle of the circulation line 32, and the shutoff valves 28 and 29 are closed as shown in FIG. The N 2 gas circulated is heated by the heater 34.
The temperature of the cathode 2 is raised by heating at 1, and this heat is transmitted to the anode 3 via the tile 1 to indirectly raise the temperature of the anode 3 as well.
【００１１】一方、改質器１０を昇温させる場合は、ア
ノードバイパスラインを利用してＮ2 ガスを循環させる
ことにより行わせるために、燃料ガス供給ライン２３の
上記遮断弁３０上流位置とアノード出口ガスライン２５
の上記遮断弁３１下流位置とを、途中に遮断弁３５を有
するライン３６で接続すると共に、改質器１０の燃焼室
に接続されるライン１９より分岐させた分岐ライン３７
を改質器１０への天然ガス供給ライン２６の下流位置に
接続し、且つ上記分岐点より下流側のライン１９と分岐
ライン３７に各々遮断弁３８，３９を設け、Ｎ2 ガスが
アノード３を迂回して循環するように図４の如く遮断弁
３０，３１，３８を閉、３５，３９を開にして、Ｎ2 ガ
スを天然ガス供給ライン２６→燃料ガス供給ライン２３
→ライン３６→アノード出口ガスライン２５→ライン１
９→分岐ライン３７の順に流し循環させ、改質器の燃焼
室で天然ガスを燃やすことにより昇温させるようにして
いる。On the other hand, in order to raise the temperature of the reformer 10 by circulating the N 2 gas using the anode bypass line, the upstream position of the shutoff valve 30 of the fuel gas supply line 23 and the anode. Outlet gas line 25
A branch line 37 is connected to the downstream position of the shutoff valve 31 by a line 36 having a shutoff valve 35 in the middle thereof and is branched from a line 19 connected to the combustion chamber of the reformer 10.
Is connected to a downstream position of the natural gas supply line 26 to the reformer 10, and shutoff valves 38 and 39 are provided in the line 19 and the branch line 37 downstream of the branch point, respectively, and the N 2 gas causes the anode 3 to flow. As shown in FIG. 4, the shut-off valves 30, 31, 38 are closed and the valves 35, 39 are opened so as to bypass the circulation, and the N 2 gas is supplied to the natural gas supply line 26 → the fuel gas supply line 23.
→ line 36 → anode outlet gas line 25 → line 1
The flow is circulated in the order of 9 → branch line 37, and the temperature is raised by burning natural gas in the combustion chamber of the reformer.
【００１２】なお、燃料電池Ｉの昇温において、カソー
ド２側に設けてあるカソード循環ライン３２をアノード
３側に共用させてアノード３の昇温を積極的に行わせる
ようにすることも考えられるが、炭酸塩の融点温度以上
に昇温されたときには、電池は反応できる状態にあるた
め、リーク電流防止の観点からアノード３は微量の還元
雰囲気に、又、カソード２は微量の酸化雰囲気にしなけ
ればならないので、共用させることはできない。When the temperature of the fuel cell I is raised, it may be considered that the cathode circulation line 32 provided on the cathode 2 side is shared with the anode 3 side so that the temperature of the anode 3 is positively raised. However, when the temperature is raised above the melting point temperature of the carbonate, the battery is in a state of being able to react, so from the viewpoint of leakage current prevention, the anode 3 must be in a slight reducing atmosphere and the cathode 2 must be in a slight oxidizing atmosphere. It cannot be shared because it must be done.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、上記従来の
燃料電池系統と改質器系統を各々独立して昇温する起動
運転方法では、アノード３の入口側に接続された燃料ガ
ス供給ライン２３の途中を遮断弁３０で遮断していて、
該遮断弁３０からアノード３入口までのラインは昇温で
きない状態になっている。したがって、改質器１０の昇
温と燃料電池Ｉの昇温が終了して図５の如く遮断弁２
８，２９，３０，３１，３８を開にし、遮断弁３５，３
９を閉に切り換え、通常運転を開始して改質器１０から
Ｈ2 、ＣＯ2、Ｈ2 Ｏを燃料ガス供給ライン２３よりア
ノード３に供給させるとき、燃料ガスが上記遮断弁３０
とアノード３入口間で冷却され、冷えたガスがアノード
３に入ることになる。冷えたガスがアノード３に入る
と、燃料電池Ｉの昇温で溶融させられた炭酸塩が固化し
てしまって発電が阻害されるおそれがある。However, in the above-mentioned conventional start-up operation method for independently raising the temperature of the fuel cell system and the reformer system, the fuel gas supply line 23 connected to the inlet side of the anode 3 is connected. The shut-off valve 30 shuts off the way,
The line from the shutoff valve 30 to the inlet of the anode 3 is in a state where the temperature cannot be raised. Therefore, the temperature rise of the reformer 10 and the temperature rise of the fuel cell I are completed, and the shut-off valve 2 as shown in FIG.
8, 29, 30, 31, 38 are opened, and shutoff valves 35, 3
9 is closed, normal operation is started, and when H 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O are supplied from the reformer 10 to the anode 3 from the fuel gas supply line 23, the fuel gas is shut off by the shutoff valve 30.
The cooled gas enters the anode 3 by being cooled between the anode 3 and the inlet of the anode 3. When the cooled gas enters the anode 3, the carbonate melted by the temperature rise of the fuel cell I may be solidified and the power generation may be hindered.
【００１４】そこで、本発明は、起動運転時にアノード
入口側の遮断弁とアノード入口との間も昇温できるよう
にして通常運転切換時に燃料ガスが冷却されることを防
止するようにしようとするものである。Therefore, the present invention seeks to prevent the fuel gas from being cooled at the time of switching the normal operation by making it possible to raise the temperature between the shutoff valve on the anode inlet side and the anode inlet during the startup operation. It is a thing.
【００１５】[0015]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記課題を解
決するために、カソードの出口側から入口側へガスを再
循環させながらヒータで加熱してカソードを昇温させ、
カソードからの伝熱でアノードを昇温させるとき、アノ
ードの出口側から入口側へＮ2 ガスを再循環させ、カソ
ードからの伝熱で再循環ガスを加熱する起動運転方法と
する。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention uses a heater to heat the cathode while recirculating gas from the outlet side to the inlet side of the cathode to raise the temperature of the cathode.
When the temperature of the anode is raised by heat transfer from the cathode, N 2 gas is recirculated from the outlet side to the inlet side of the anode, and the recirculated gas is heated by heat transfer from the cathode.
【００１６】又、アノードの入口側にある遮断弁の下流
位置と、アノードの出口側にある遮断弁の上流位置とを
再循環ラインで接続し、且つ該再循環ラインに、ガスを
アノードの出口側から入口側へ再循環させるための再循
環ブロワを設けた構成とする。Further, a downstream position of the shut-off valve on the inlet side of the anode and an upstream position of the shut-off valve on the outlet side of the anode are connected by a recirculation line, and gas is fed to the recirculation line. A recirculation blower for recirculation from the side to the inlet side is provided.
【００１７】[0017]
【作用】燃料電池の昇温中にアノードではガスを再循環
させながらカソード側からの伝熱で暖めるので、燃料電
池系統を運転温度まで昇温させ終えて通常運転に切り換
えたとき、アノード入口側の遮断弁からアノード入口ま
でのラインが昇温されていて、改質器からの燃料ガスが
冷却されることがなくなる。[Function] Since the anode is heated by the heat transfer from the cathode side while recirculating the gas in the anode while the temperature of the fuel cell is being raised, when the fuel cell system is heated to the operating temperature and switched to the normal operation, the anode inlet side Since the line from the shutoff valve to the anode inlet is heated, the fuel gas from the reformer will not be cooled.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照して説明
する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１９】図１は本発明の実施例を示すもので、図４
に示した従来の燃料電池系統と改質器系統とを別々に独
立して昇温する場合と同様に、燃料ガス供給ライン２３
とアノード出口ガスライン２５の各途中に遮断弁３０と
３１が設けてあり、改質器１０の昇温をアノードリサイ
クルラインを利用して行うようにしてある構成におい
て、燃料ガス供給ライン２３の途中の遮断弁３０の下流
側位置と、アノード出口ガスライン２５途中の遮断弁３
１の上流側位置とを、途中に再循環ブロワ４０を有する
アノード再循環ライン４１にて連絡し、アノード３の出
口側からアノード３の入口側へアノード再循環ライン４
１でガスを再循環させるようにする。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
In the same manner as in the case of separately raising the temperature of the conventional fuel cell system and the reformer system shown in FIG.
In the configuration in which shutoff valves 30 and 31 are provided in the middle of the anode outlet gas line 25 and the temperature of the reformer 10 is raised by utilizing the anode recycle line, in the middle of the fuel gas supply line 23. Downstream position of the shutoff valve 30 and the shutoff valve 3 in the middle of the anode outlet gas line 25.
1 is connected to the upstream side position by an anode recirculation line 41 having a recirculation blower 40 in the middle, and the anode recirculation line 4 is moved from the outlet side of the anode 3 to the inlet side of the anode 3.
At 1, the gas is recirculated.
【００２０】なお、上記再循環ブロワ４０は起動時に使
うものであるため、小容量のものでよい。Since the recirculation blower 40 is used at startup, it may have a small capacity.
【００２１】通常運転前の起動運転においては、図４に
示す従来の場合と同様に、カソード２の入口側と出口側
の遮断弁２８，２９、アノード３の入口側と出口側の遮
断弁３０，３１、ライン１９上の遮断弁３８を閉にし、
遮断弁３５と３９を開にして、ブロワ１８，３３を運転
させ、燃料電池Ｉ側と改質器１０側とを独立させて昇温
させるようにすると同時に、本発明の特徴であるアノー
ド再循環ライン４１のブロワ４０を運転し、アノード３
側のガスをアノード３出口側から入口側へ再循環させ
る。In the start-up operation before the normal operation, the shut-off valves 28 and 29 on the inlet side and the outlet side of the cathode 2 and the shut-off valve 30 on the inlet side and the outlet side of the anode 3 are the same as in the conventional case shown in FIG. , 31, closing the shutoff valve 38 on line 19,
The shutoff valves 35 and 39 are opened to operate the blowers 18 and 33 so that the fuel cell I side and the reformer 10 side are independently heated, and at the same time, the anode recirculation which is a feature of the present invention. Operate the blower 40 on the line 41 to set the anode 3
Side gas is recirculated from the outlet side of the anode 3 to the inlet side.
【００２２】燃料電池Ｉ系統の昇温においては、カソー
ド２がヒータ３４で加熱されたガスが再循環されること
によって昇温され、カソード２からの熱伝達によりアノ
ード３の昇温が行われているが、上記カソード２からの
熱伝達を利用してアノード再循環ガスが暖められ、この
ガスが再循環させられることによりアノード３入口側の
ラインを昇温させることができる。これにより昇温終了
後、遮断弁２８，２９，３０，３１，３８を開くと共
に、遮断弁３５，３９を閉じ且つブロワ４０を停止して
通常運転に切り換えたとき、改質器１０からアノード３
の入口に供給される燃料ガスが遮断弁３０の下流側で冷
却されることがなくなる。When the temperature of the fuel cell I system is raised, the temperature of the cathode 2 is raised by recirculating the gas heated by the heater 34, and the temperature of the anode 3 is raised by heat transfer from the cathode 2. However, the anode recirculation gas is warmed by utilizing the heat transfer from the cathode 2, and the line on the inlet side of the anode 3 can be heated by recirculating this gas. As a result, after the temperature rise is completed, when the shut-off valves 28, 29, 30, 31, and 38 are opened, the shut-off valves 35 and 39 are closed, and the blower 40 is stopped to switch to the normal operation, the reformer 10 switches to the anode 3
The fuel gas supplied to the inlet of the valve is not cooled downstream of the shutoff valve 30.
【００２３】なお、アノード再循環ライン４１と再循環
ブロワ４０は、通常運転前の起動時の昇温で使用するも
のであるが、通常運転の低負荷運転時にガス流量が減る
ときに使用することにより、該ガス流量の減少に伴い生
じるアノード側ガス流路内のガスの偏流を防止すること
ができる。The anode recirculation line 41 and the recirculation blower 40 are used for raising the temperature at startup before normal operation, but should be used when the gas flow rate decreases during low load operation during normal operation. As a result, it is possible to prevent the gas from flowing unevenly in the anode-side gas passage due to the decrease in the gas flow rate.
【００２４】すなわち、燃料電池のセルを積層してスタ
ックとした場合には、ガス流路が１００％から３０％に
減少すると、各セルの出入口間での圧力差が少なくなる
のでガス流れが偏って来て、スタックの下側ではガスが
流れるが、上側では流れない状態が生じたり、又、１つ
のセル内でも面方向に流れの偏りが生じる、等の流動の
不安定化が生じる。かかる場合に、アノード再循環ライ
ン４１上の再循環ブロワ４０を運転してアノード側のガ
スを再循環させるようにすることにより、上記部分負荷
時のガスの流動の不安定化を防止することが可能とな
る。カソード側は通常運転時でもカソード再循環ブロワ
３３を使用するのでこの問題は発生しない。That is, when the cells of the fuel cell are stacked to form a stack, when the gas flow passage is reduced from 100% to 30%, the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of each cell is reduced, and the gas flow is biased. Then, gas flows in the lower side of the stack, but does not flow in the upper side, or even in one cell, the flow becomes unstable, such as uneven flow in the plane direction. In such a case, by operating the recirculation blower 40 on the anode recirculation line 41 to recirculate the gas on the anode side, it is possible to prevent the gas flow from becoming unstable during the partial load. It will be possible. This problem does not occur because the cathode side uses the cathode recirculation blower 33 even during normal operation.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】以上述べた如く、本発明の燃料電池発電
装置の起動運転方法及び装置によれば、燃料電池系統と
改質器系統を遮断弁で分離し、各々独立に昇温するよう
にした構成において、燃料電池の昇温時に、アノード入
口側の遮断弁の下流位置とアノード出口側の遮断弁の上
流位置とをアノード再循環ラインで結び、該ラインに設
けたブロワによりアノード下流側からアノード上流側へ
ガスを再循環させるようにし、カソード側からの熱伝達
を利用してアノード再循環ガスを暖め、アノード上流側
の遮断弁とアノード入口までの配管を昇温させるように
するので、燃料電池と改質器の昇温が終って通常運転に
入るとき、燃料ガスがアノードに入るときに冷却される
ということがなくなり、溶融炭酸塩を固化させるという
ことがない、という優れた効果が奏し得られる。As described above, according to the start-up operation method and apparatus of the fuel cell power generator of the present invention, the fuel cell system and the reformer system are separated by the shutoff valve, and the temperature is independently raised. In the above configuration, when the temperature of the fuel cell is raised, the downstream position of the shutoff valve on the anode inlet side and the upstream position of the shutoff valve on the anode outlet side are connected by the anode recirculation line, and the blower provided in the line connects the downstream side of the anode downstream side. Since the gas is recirculated to the upstream side of the anode, the anode recirculated gas is warmed by utilizing the heat transfer from the cathode side, and the shutoff valve on the upstream side of the anode and the pipe to the anode inlet are heated. When the temperature rise of the fuel cell and reformer is finished and normal operation is started, the fuel gas is not cooled when it enters the anode, and the molten carbonate is not solidified. It obtained exerts an excellent effect.
【図１】本発明による起動時の燃料電池と改質器の昇温
の状態を示すシステム系統の概要図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system system showing a temperature rising state of a fuel cell and a reformer at startup according to the present invention.
【図２】図１を通常運転に切り換えたときの状態図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a state diagram when FIG. 1 is switched to normal operation.
【図３】天然ガスを燃料とする溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池発
電装置の一例を示すシステム系統構成の概略図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system system configuration showing an example of a molten carbonate fuel cell power generator using natural gas as a fuel.
【図４】従来の起動時の燃料電池と改質器の昇温の状態
を示すシステム系統の概要図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system system showing a conventional temperature rising state of a fuel cell and a reformer at startup.
【図５】図４を通常運転に切り換えたときの状態図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a state diagram when FIG. 4 is switched to normal operation.
Ｉ 燃料電池 １ タイル ２ カソード ３ アノード ８ 空気供給ライン １０ 改質器 １１ カソード出口ライン １９ ライン ２３ 燃料ガス供給ライン ２５ アノード出口ガスライン ２８，２９，３０，３１ 遮断弁 ３２ カソード再循環ライン ３３ 再循環ブロワ ３４ ヒータ ３５ 遮断弁 ３７ 分岐ライン ３８，３９ 遮断弁 ４０ 再循環ブロワ ４１ アノード再循環ライン I Fuel cell 1 Tile 2 Cathode 3 Anode 8 Air supply line 10 Reformer 11 Cathode outlet line 19 Line 23 Fuel gas supply line 25 Anode outlet gas line 28, 29, 30, 31 Shut-off valve 32 Cathode recirculation line 33 Recirculation Blower 34 Heater 35 Shutoff valve 37 Branch line 38, 39 Shutoff valve 40 Recirculation blower 41 Anode recirculation line
Claims (2)
して、各々独立して昇温させる燃料電池発電装置の起動
運転方法において、燃料電池のカソードの出口側から入
口側へガスを再循環させながらヒータで加熱してカソー
ドを昇温させ、このカソード側からの伝熱でアノードを
昇温させるとき、該アノード出口側からアノード入口側
へガスを再循環させて、該再循環ガスを上記カソード側
からの熱伝達を利用して暖めることを特徴とする燃料電
池発電装置の起動運転方法。1. A start-up operation method for a fuel cell power generator in which a fuel cell side and a reformer side are separated by a shut-off valve and the temperature is independently raised. When the gas is recirculated and heated by the heater to raise the temperature of the cathode, and the heat is transferred from the cathode to raise the temperature of the anode, the gas is recirculated from the anode outlet side to the anode inlet side to A method for starting up a fuel cell power generator, characterized in that the circulating gas is warmed by utilizing heat transfer from the cathode side.
して、各々独立して昇温させるようにし、燃料電池のカ
ソードの昇温は、カソード出口側から入口側へ再循環さ
せるガスをヒータで加熱しながら行い、且つ、カソード
側からの伝熱でアノードを昇温させるようにしてある燃
料電池発電装置の起動運転装置において、アノード入口
への燃料ガス供給ラインの途中に設けられた遮断弁の下
流位置と、アノード出口からのアノード出口ガスライン
の途中に設けられた遮断弁の上流側とをアノード再循環
ラインで連結し、該ラインの途中に、アノード出口側か
らアノード入口側へガスを再循環させる再循環ブロワを
設けた構成を有することを特徴とする燃料電池発電装置
の起動運転装置。2. The fuel cell side and the reformer side are separated by a shutoff valve so that the temperature is independently raised, and the temperature rise of the cathode of the fuel cell is recirculated from the cathode outlet side to the inlet side. In a start-up operation device of a fuel cell power generation device, in which the gas to be generated is heated by a heater and the temperature of the anode is raised by heat transfer from the cathode side, it is provided in the middle of the fuel gas supply line to the anode inlet. The downstream position of the cutoff valve and the upstream side of the cutoff valve provided in the middle of the anode outlet gas line from the anode outlet are connected by an anode recirculation line, and in the middle of the line, from the anode outlet side to the anode inlet A start-up operation device for a fuel cell power generator, comprising a recirculation blower for recirculating gas to the side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5145421A JPH06333585A (en) | 1993-05-26 | 1993-05-26 | Fuel cell power generation device start-up operation method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5145421A JPH06333585A (en) | 1993-05-26 | 1993-05-26 | Fuel cell power generation device start-up operation method and device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06333585A true JPH06333585A (en) | 1994-12-02 |
Family
ID=15384865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5145421A Pending JPH06333585A (en) | 1993-05-26 | 1993-05-26 | Fuel cell power generation device start-up operation method and device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06333585A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007179964A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
| DE102018210193A1 (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-24 | Audi Ag | Method for starting a fuel cell device and motor vehicle with a fuel cell device |
| DE102018210194A1 (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-24 | Audi Ag | Method for starting a fuel cell system, fuel cell system for carrying out the method and fuel cell vehicle |
-
1993
- 1993-05-26 JP JP5145421A patent/JPH06333585A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007179964A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
| DE102018210193A1 (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-24 | Audi Ag | Method for starting a fuel cell device and motor vehicle with a fuel cell device |
| DE102018210194A1 (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-24 | Audi Ag | Method for starting a fuel cell system, fuel cell system for carrying out the method and fuel cell vehicle |
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