JPH0652017B2 - Fire evacuation shelter - Google Patents
Fire evacuation shelterInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0652017B2 JPH0652017B2 JP5832686A JP5832686A JPH0652017B2 JP H0652017 B2 JPH0652017 B2 JP H0652017B2 JP 5832686 A JP5832686 A JP 5832686A JP 5832686 A JP5832686 A JP 5832686A JP H0652017 B2 JPH0652017 B2 JP H0652017B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- room
- evacuation
- door
- fire
- shelter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 この発明は、地下構造物あるいは高層建築物等において
火災発生時、避難経路が火煙等により遮断され、安全地
域への避難が不可能となった場合、予め建物内に配設さ
れ、火災の鎮火あるいは救助隊の到着まで、緊急的に避
難するための火災避難用シェルターに関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial application The present invention makes it impossible to evacuate to a safe area when a fire occurs in an underground structure or a high-rise building because the evacuation route is blocked by fire smoke. In this case, the present invention relates to a fire evacuation shelter that is installed in advance in a building and evacuates in an emergency until a fire is extinguished or a rescue team arrives.
従来の技術 一般に、火災発生時に多い事故は、建物から逃げる際に
避難経路が火煙により遮断され、逃げ場を失って起るも
のである。このため、従来、建物の適宜箇所に防火シャ
ッターを設け、煙等が広がるのを防止したり、あるいは
耐火構造のシェルターを設け、この内に一時的に避難す
るものがあった。しかし、防火シャッターは、火災の類
焼を防止するには有効なものであっても、火災箇所を閉
鎖するために、火災場所にいる人にとっては、避難場所
を失ってしまう危険もある。一方、これまでのシェルタ
ーは、単に耐火構造としたものであるため、シェルター
の扉を開いた時に、シェルター内に煙が侵入し、ひどい
時には使用不能となる恐れがあると共に、酸素供給装置
や通信手段がないことが多く、長時間使用することは不
可能なものであった。2. Description of the Related Art In general, when a fire occurs, many accidents occur because the evacuation route is blocked by fire smoke when escaping from a building, and the escape site is lost. For this reason, conventionally, there have been those in which a fireproof shutter is provided at an appropriate place in a building to prevent smoke or the like from spreading, or a shelter having a fireproof structure is provided to temporarily evacuate. However, even if the fireproof shutter is effective in preventing the fire from burning, it closes the fire spot, and therefore there is a risk that the person in the fire place loses the evacuation place. On the other hand, conventional shelters have simply a fireproof structure, so when the door of the shelter is opened, smoke may enter the shelter, which may render it unusable in the worst cases, and it may not be possible to use the oxygen supply device or communication device. It was impossible to use it for a long time because there were often no means.
発明が解決しようとする問題点 この発明の目的は、火災発生時避難経路が火煙等により
遮断された際、緊急的に避難できる火災避難用シェルタ
ーにおいて、シェルター開時の煙等の侵入を防ぎ、しか
も多人数が入室しても長時間使用可能とすると共に、火
災状況がシェルター内でも把握できるようにした火災避
難用シェルターを提供することにある。Problems to be Solved by the Invention An object of the present invention is to prevent invasion of smoke or the like when a shelter is opened in a fire evacuation shelter that can be evacuated in an emergency when the evacuation route is blocked by fire smoke or the like when a fire occurs. Moreover, it is to provide a shelter for fire evacuation that enables a large number of people to use it for a long time even if they enter the room, and that the fire situation can be grasped even in the shelter.
問題点を解決するための手段 このような問題点を解決し、上記目的を達成するため
に、この発明の火災避難用シェルターは、耐火性材料に
より密閉された前室と避難室とからなり、前記前室に入
室用の気密、耐火性を有する扉を設けると共に、前室と
避難室間に気密、耐火性を有する扉を設け、これらの扉
の錠装置に一方の扉が開状態である時、他方の扉の錠を
ロックするロック制御装置を設け、火災信号により作動
され、前記前室及び避難室に加圧空気を供給する加圧空
気供給装置を付設すると共に、避難室に酸素供給装置、
炭酸ガス除去装置、通信装置、外部監視装置等の安全確
保装置を備えたことを特徴とするものである。Means for Solving Problems In order to solve such problems and achieve the above object, the fire evacuation shelter of the present invention comprises a front chamber and an evacuation chamber sealed with a refractory material, An airtight and fireproof door for entering the front room is provided, and an airtight and fireproof door is provided between the front room and the evacuation room, and one door is opened in the locking device for these doors. At that time, a lock control device for locking the lock on the other door is provided, and a pressurized air supply device that is activated by a fire signal and supplies pressurized air to the front room and the evacuation room is attached, and oxygen is supplied to the evacuation room. apparatus,
It is characterized in that it is provided with a safety ensuring device such as a carbon dioxide removing device, a communication device, and an external monitoring device.
実施例 以下、図面に基づいて、この発明の実施例を詳述する。
第１図は、この発明の一実施例の平面図であり、１は前
室、２は避難室である。これら前室１及び避難室２は、
鉄筋コンクリート、発泡コンクリート等の耐火性を有す
る材料にて作られた壁４により密閉された空間が形成さ
れたもので、地下構築物、あるいは高層建築物内の適宜
箇所に配設されるものである。そして、前室１には、入
室用の気密、耐火性の扉５が設けられると共に前室１と
避難室２との間にも前記扉５と同様の気密、耐火性の扉
６が設けられている。これら扉５，６には錠装置５ａ，
６ａが設けられており、この錠装置５ａ，６ａには錠を
ロックするロック制御装置１５が設けられており、ロッ
ク制御装置１５は、一方の扉、例えば扉６が開状態にあ
る時には扉５の錠をロックするように働くようリミット
スイッチ等を介して互いに電気的に接続されている。Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a front room and 2 is an evacuation room. These front room 1 and evacuation room 2 are
A closed space is formed by a wall 4 made of a material having fire resistance such as reinforced concrete or foam concrete, and is arranged at an appropriate place in an underground structure or a high-rise building. An airtight and fireproof door 5 for entering the room is provided in the front chamber 1, and an airtight and fireproof door 6 similar to the door 5 is provided between the front chamber 1 and the evacuation chamber 2. ing. These doors 5 and 6 have lock devices 5a,
6a is provided, and the lock devices 5a, 6a are provided with a lock control device 15 for locking the lock. The lock control device 15 is provided with one door, for example, the door 5 when the door 6 is open. They are electrically connected to each other via limit switches etc. to act like locking locks.
前室１及び避難室２の隣りには、これらと同様の耐火材
料の壁４にて形成される機械室３が付設されており、機
械室３内には、非常電源装置Ｇ，加圧装置Ｆ及び空気浄
化装置Ｅが備えられている。そして、空気浄化装置Ｅに
は、外気を導入するパイプ１１が接続され、パイプ１２
を介して加圧装置Ｆと連結している。更に、加圧装置Ｆ
には、加圧センサー付バルブ７を介して、前室１に配管
されるパイプ１３及び圧力センサー付バルブ８を介し
て、避難室２に配管されるパイプ１４がそれぞれ接続さ
れる。そして、加圧装置Ｆと非常電源装置Ｇとを電気的
に接続すると共に、火災検知器１０等のような火災を知
らせる信号発生装置と加圧装置Ｆ及び非常電源装置Ｇの
それぞれを電気的に接続する。Next to the antechamber 1 and the evacuation chamber 2, a machine room 3 formed of a wall 4 made of a refractory material similar to these is attached. Inside the machine room 3, there is an emergency power supply device G and a pressurizing device. F and an air purification device E are provided. A pipe 11 for introducing outside air is connected to the air purifying device E, and a pipe 12
It is connected to the pressurizing device F via. Furthermore, the pressurizing device F
A pipe 13 connected to the antechamber 1 via a valve 7 with a pressure sensor, and a pipe 14 connected to the evacuation chamber 2 via a valve 8 with a pressure sensor are connected to each. The pressurizing device F and the emergency power supply device G are electrically connected to each other, and the signal generator for informing a fire such as the fire detector 10 and the pressurizing device F and the emergency power supply device G are electrically connected. Connecting.
一方、避難室２内には、酸素ボンベあるいはＫＯ２等の
化学的酸素発生剤を備えた酸素発生装置Ａ，炭酸ガス除
去装置Ｂ及び外部送受信器９と有線もしくは無線により
接続する通信装置Ｃを装備し、これらと非常電源装置Ｇ
とを電気的に接続する。そして、酸素発生装置Ａ及び炭
酸ガス除去装置Ｂにそれぞれ、例えばＯ２濃度が１６％
未満になったとき作動する濃度計と、ＣＯ２濃度３％以
上になった時作動する濃度計を取付け、これら濃度計が
非常電源装置Ｇよりの電力により駆動され、自動的に酸
素供給装置Ａ及び炭酸ガス除去装置Ｂを作動するように
して避難室２の環境を保全する。On the other hand, in the evacuation room 2, an oxygen generator A equipped with an oxygen cylinder or a chemical oxygen generator such as KO 2 , a carbon dioxide gas remover B, and a communication device C which is connected to the external transceiver 9 by wire or wirelessly. Equipped with these and emergency power supply G
And are electrically connected. Then, the oxygen generator A and the carbon dioxide gas remover B each have, for example, an O 2 concentration of 16%.
A densitometer that operates when the concentration becomes less than 3% and a densitometer that operates when the CO 2 concentration becomes 3% or more are attached. By operating the carbon dioxide gas removing device B, the environment of the evacuation chamber 2 is preserved.
この発明の実施例は以上のような構成となっているため
に、火災が発生した際、火災検知器１０等からの信号に
より、加圧装置Ｆ及び非常電源装置ＧはＯＮとなり、加
圧装置Ｆは、非常電源装置Ｇからの電力を駆動源にして
作動し始め、空気浄化装置Ｆを介して外部より空気を吸
入し、加圧したのちその加圧空気をパイプ１３，１４を
介して前室１及び避難室２へ送入する。Since the embodiment of the present invention is configured as described above, when a fire occurs, the pressurizing device F and the emergency power supply device G are turned on by a signal from the fire detector 10 or the like, and the pressurizing device is turned on. F starts operating by using the electric power from the emergency power supply device G as a driving source, sucks air from the outside through the air purifying device F, pressurizes it, and then pressurizes the pressurized air through the pipes 13 and 14. Transfer to room 1 and evacuation room 2.
このため、前室１及び避難室２内の空気圧は上昇する
が、ある一定の圧力になると、バルブ７，８のセンサー
が作動して、バルブ７，８を閉とし、これらの室１，２
内への圧力空気の送入を停止する。この際の、これらの
室１，２内の空気圧は、例えば水柱５０〜１００mm程度
とし、しかも前室１内の圧力より避難室２内の圧力の方
を若干高くする。Therefore, the air pressure in the front chamber 1 and the evacuation chamber 2 rises, but when the pressure reaches a certain level, the sensors of the valves 7 and 8 are actuated to close the valves 7 and 8, and the chambers 1 and 2 are closed.
Stop the inflow of pressurized air into. At this time, the air pressure in the chambers 1 and 2 is, for example, about 50 to 100 mm of water column, and the pressure in the evacuation chamber 2 is slightly higher than the pressure in the front chamber 1.
このように、火災発生と共に、前室１及び避難室２内の
空気圧が加圧されたものとなっているため、例えば、避
難者が、前室の扉５を開く時、前室１内の空気は扉５よ
り外へ流れ、煙等が前室１内へ侵入するのを防止する。
又、前室１内への入室時間が長く、前室１内の空気圧が
外部と平衡状態となっても扉５は一つしかないため気流
は生ぜず、煙等が侵入するのは拡散によるもののみで、
極めてわずかしかない。そして、避難者は前室１に入っ
た後、前室１の扉５を閉鎖し、次いで避難室２へ入室す
る。その時、前室１の空気圧は下っているために避難室
の扉６を開くと、避難室２内の空気が前室１側へ流出
し、もし、前室１内に煙等があっても、避難室２内へ、
その煙等が侵入することが防止され、避難者は清浄な空
気の避難室２内へ避難することができる。In this way, since the air pressure in the front chamber 1 and the evacuation chamber 2 is increased with the occurrence of the fire, for example, when an evacuee opens the front chamber door 5, The air flows through the door 5 to prevent smoke and the like from entering the front chamber 1.
Further, even if the air pressure in the front chamber 1 is long and the air pressure in the front chamber 1 is in equilibrium with the outside, there is only one door 5 so that no air flow is generated and smoke or the like enters due to diffusion. Only things,
Very few. After entering the front room 1, the evacuee closes the door 5 of the front room 1 and then enters the evacuation room 2. At that time, since the air pressure in the front room 1 is lowered, when the door 6 of the evacuation room is opened, the air in the evacuation room 2 flows out to the front room 1 side, and even if there is smoke in the front room 1, , Into the evacuation room 2,
The smoke or the like is prevented from entering, and the evacuee can evacuate into the evacuation room 2 with clean air.
ところで、前室１の扉５と避難室２の扉６との錠５ａ，
６ａには、ロック制御装置１５が設けられ、これらは、
一方の扉が開の時には、他方の扉の錠をロックするよう
になっているため、前室１の扉５が開の時には、避難室
２の扉６は閉となり、扉５，６が同時に開かれることは
なく、避難室２内に、直接外部の煙等が侵入する恐れは
ない。このように、避難室２の扉６が開の時に前室１の
扉５は開かないため、遅れてきた避難者が速やかに入室
できるように避難室２の扉６が開の時は、警告のための
音響や音声等を発生する装置を付設し、早く、確実に扉
６を閉じるような手段を設けるとよい。By the way, a lock 5a for the door 5 of the front room 1 and the door 6 of the evacuation room 2,
6a is provided with a lock control device 15, which are
When one of the doors is opened, the lock of the other door is locked. Therefore, when the door 5 of the front chamber 1 is opened, the door 6 of the evacuation chamber 2 is closed and the doors 5 and 6 are simultaneously opened. It is not opened, and there is no danger that smoke or the like will enter the evacuation chamber 2 directly. In this way, since the door 5 of the antechamber 1 is not opened when the door 6 of the evacuation chamber 2 is opened, a warning is issued when the door 6 of the evacuation chamber 2 is opened so that a delayed evacuee can quickly enter the room. It is advisable to additionally provide a device for generating sound, voice, etc., for providing a means for closing the door 6 quickly and reliably.
一方、避難室２内には、酸素供給装置Ａ及び炭酸ガス除
去装置Ｂが装備されて、それらに取付けられた濃度計に
より避難室２内のＯ２濃度、もしくはＣＯ２濃度を自動
制御しているために、避難室２内に多数の避難者が入室
しても、空気の汚れはなく、長時間避難していることが
できる。又、通信装置Ｃも、装備されているために、外
部との連絡も可能で、外部に避難者の状況を伝えると共
に、火災状況も知ることができ、避難者の心理的不安を
除くことができ、適切な指示を与えることもできる。On the other hand, the evacuation chamber 2 is equipped with an oxygen supply device A and a carbon dioxide gas removal device B, and the O 2 concentration or CO 2 concentration in the evacuation chamber 2 is automatically controlled by a densitometer attached thereto. Therefore, even if many evacuees enter the evacuation room 2, the air is not polluted and it is possible to evacuate for a long time. In addition, since the communication device C is also equipped, it is possible to communicate with the outside, so that the situation of the evacuees can be communicated to the outside and the fire situation can be known, and the psychological anxiety of the evacuees can be eliminated. Yes, and can give appropriate instructions.
ところで、前記加圧装置Ｆを空気の高圧密封ボンベとす
れば、非常電源装置Ｇと電気的に接続することもなく、
又、空気浄化装置Ｅも不要となり、火災検知器１０等よ
りの信号により、上記ボンベの弁を開として、前室１及
び避難室２へ圧力空気を送ることができる。By the way, if the pressurizing device F is a high-pressure air-tight cylinder, it will not be electrically connected to the emergency power supply device G.
Further, the air purifying device E is not necessary, and the valve of the cylinder can be opened by the signal from the fire detector 10 or the like to send the pressurized air to the front chamber 1 and the evacuation chamber 2.
又、前室１及び避難室２の扉５，６にその開閉により作
動するリミットスイッチを設け、このリミットスイッチ
と、外部にある監視センターの報知器と連結したシェル
ター使用検知装置を付設すると、監視センターにて、シ
ェルターが使用されているかどうか認識できるようにな
る。In addition, the doors 5 and 6 of the front room 1 and the evacuation room 2 are provided with limit switches that are operated by opening and closing them, and if this limit switch and a shelter use detection device connected to an alarm of an external monitoring center are attached, monitoring is performed. The center will be able to recognize if a shelter is being used.
更に、前記酸素供給装置Ａ及び炭酸ガス除去装置Ｂを手
動により操作できるものとしてもよく、通信装置Ｃも電
池式のものとしてもよい。そして、避難室内に、外部に
設置したカメラにて、シェルター外部状況を知ることが
できるモニターテレビを設置すれば、火災状況をシェル
ター内で知ることができ、適切な時期にシェルターより
出て避難することができる。Further, the oxygen supply device A and the carbon dioxide gas removing device B may be manually operated, and the communication device C may be of a battery type. Then, if a monitor TV is installed inside the evacuation room, which allows you to know the external situation of the shelter with an external camera, you can see the fire situation inside the shelter and evacuate from the shelter at the appropriate time. be able to.
発明の効果 以上の説明より明らかなように、この発明のシェルター
は、火災発生時、シェルターの前室及び避難室内に加圧
空気が送入され、しかも前室の扉と避難室の扉は、その
うち一方しか開とならないために、避難室へ火災による
煙等が侵入することはなく、又、避難室には、酸素供給
装置や炭酸ガス除去装置を装備したため、避難者が多数
でも長時間シェルター内で避難することができ、更に通
信装置も設けられているため、外部との連絡もできて、
避難者の状況を外部に伝えることができ、シェルターか
ら出る際の適切な指示を受けることができると共に、火
災状況も的確に知ることができて避難者の心理的な不安
を除くことができるという優れた効果も有するものであ
る。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As is apparent from the above description, in the shelter of the present invention, when a fire occurs, pressurized air is sent into the front room and the evacuation room of the shelter, and the front room door and the evacuation room door are: Since only one of them can be opened, smoke will not enter the evacuation room due to fire, and the evacuation room is equipped with an oxygen supply device and carbon dioxide gas removal device, so even if many evacuees are in the shelter for a long time. You can evacuate inside, and since a communication device is also provided, you can communicate with the outside,
It is possible to convey the situation of the evacuees to the outside, receive appropriate instructions when leaving the shelter, and to know the fire situation accurately, and to eliminate the psychological anxiety of the evacuees. It also has an excellent effect.
図は、この発明の一実施例の平面図である。 １……前室、２……避難室、３……機械室、４……壁、
５，６……扉、５ａ，６ａ……錠装置、７，８……バル
ブ、９……外部受信器、１０……火災検知器、１１，１
２，１３，１４……パイプ、１５……ロック制御装置、
Ａ……酸素供給装置、Ｂ……炭酸ガス除去装置、Ｃ……
通信装置、Ｅ……空気浄化装置、Ｆ……加圧装置。The drawing is a plan view of an embodiment of the present invention. 1 ... Front room, 2 ... Evacuation room, 3 ... Machine room, 4 ... Wall,
5, 6 ... Door, 5a, 6a ... Locking device, 7, 8 ... Valve, 9 ... External receiver, 10 ... Fire detector, 11, 1
2, 13, 14 ... Pipe, 15 ... Lock control device,
A ... Oxygen supply device, B ... Carbon dioxide removal device, C ...
Communication device, E ... Air purifying device, F ... Pressurizing device.
Claims (1)
とからなり、前記前室に入室用の気密、耐火性を有する
扉を設けると共に、前室と避難室間に気密、耐火性を有
する扉を設け、これらの扉の錠装置に一方の扉が開状態
である時、他方の扉の錠をロックするロック制御装置を
設け、火災信号により作動され、前記前室及び避難室に
加圧空気を供給する加圧空気供給装置を付設すると共に
避難室に酸素供給装置、炭酸ガス除去装置、通信装置、
外部監視装置等の安全確保装置を備えたことを特徴とす
る火災避難用シェルター。1. A front room and an evacuation room which are sealed with a fire resistant material. An airtight and fireproof door for entering the room is provided in the front room, and the front room and the evacuation room are airtight and fireproof. Provided with a door, and a lock control device for locking the lock of the other door when one of the doors is in an open state in the lock device of these doors, is operated by a fire signal, and operates in the front room and the evacuation room. A pressurized air supply device that supplies pressurized air is attached, and an oxygen supply device, a carbon dioxide gas removal device, a communication device, and an evacuation room are provided.
A fire evacuation shelter that is equipped with safety assurance devices such as external monitoring devices.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5832686A JPH0652017B2 (en) | 1986-03-18 | 1986-03-18 | Fire evacuation shelter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5832686A JPH0652017B2 (en) | 1986-03-18 | 1986-03-18 | Fire evacuation shelter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62215779A JPS62215779A (en) | 1987-09-22 |
| JPH0652017B2 true JPH0652017B2 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
Family
ID=13081172
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5832686A Expired - Lifetime JPH0652017B2 (en) | 1986-03-18 | 1986-03-18 | Fire evacuation shelter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0652017B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101306151B1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-09-10 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Restroom system of high-rise building as fire-refuge compartment, and operating method thereof |
| KR101355175B1 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-01-28 | (주)융도엔지니어링 | Fire shelter system using the rest rooms of the higher buildings |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0648695U (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-07-05 | 繼 林 許 | Fireproof evacuation room |
| JP2020065945A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-04-30 | 株式会社レブセル | Carbon dioxide removal device |
-
1986
- 1986-03-18 JP JP5832686A patent/JPH0652017B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101306151B1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-09-10 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Restroom system of high-rise building as fire-refuge compartment, and operating method thereof |
| KR101355175B1 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-01-28 | (주)융도엔지니어링 | Fire shelter system using the rest rooms of the higher buildings |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62215779A (en) | 1987-09-22 |
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