JPH0659003A - Remaining capacity meter for battery - Google Patents
Remaining capacity meter for batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0659003A JPH0659003A JP4214406A JP21440692A JPH0659003A JP H0659003 A JPH0659003 A JP H0659003A JP 4214406 A JP4214406 A JP 4214406A JP 21440692 A JP21440692 A JP 21440692A JP H0659003 A JPH0659003 A JP H0659003A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- state
- charge
- remaining capacity
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【目的】 電気自動車の運転中における電池残存容量を
適確に検出できる電池残存容量計を提供する。
【構成】 電圧計１５及び電流計ｌ６により主電池１３
の電圧及び電流を検出する。主電池１３からの電流が
０．７５Ｃ以上であり、この電流量が増加している状態
（高負荷状態）にあるときに、Ｖ−Ｉ特性算出手段１９
において、その時の電流と電圧を取り入れて、Ｖ−Ｉ特
性を検出する。両者の関係を予め求めておき記憶してお
き、実際に求められたＶ−Ｉ特性と記憶されている関係
とから、主電池１３の残存容量の算出を行う。一方で、
ＳＯＣ算出手段２０により電気量積算方式でＳＯＣを算
出し、このＳＯＣと上述の残存容量とから劣化度を算出
する。そしてこの劣化度に基づいて電気量積算方式での
満充電時容量を補正してＳＯＣを算出することにより、
電気量積算方式による誤差の発生を防止して測定精度を
向上させる。
(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To provide a battery remaining capacity meter capable of accurately detecting a battery remaining capacity during operation of an electric vehicle. [Structure] Main battery 13 with voltmeter 15 and ammeter 16
To detect the voltage and current. When the current from the main battery 13 is 0.75 C or more and the current amount is increasing (high load state), the VI characteristic calculating means 19
In, the current and voltage at that time are taken in to detect the VI characteristic. The relationship between the two is obtained in advance and stored, and the remaining capacity of the main battery 13 is calculated from the actually obtained VI characteristic and the stored relationship. On the other hand,
The SOC calculation means 20 calculates the SOC by the electricity amount integration method, and the deterioration degree is calculated from this SOC and the above-mentioned remaining capacity. Then, by correcting the capacity at full charge in the electricity amount integration method based on the deterioration degree to calculate the SOC,
The measurement accuracy is improved by preventing the occurrence of errors due to the electric quantity integration method.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は電気自動車用電池の電池
残存容量計、特に電池の劣化度を利用した放電電流量積
算方式の充電状態検出の補正に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery residual capacity meter for an electric vehicle battery, and more particularly to a correction of a charge state detection of a discharge current amount integrating system utilizing a deterioration degree of the battery.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電気自動車においては、駆動用のモータ
のエネルギー源として電池を搭載することが必要であ
り、この電池としては、充電可能な二次電池が利用され
る。鉛電池はその二次電池の代表的なものであって以下
のような構成を有している。2. Description of the Related Art In an electric vehicle, it is necessary to mount a battery as an energy source of a driving motor, and a rechargeable secondary battery is used as this battery. A lead battery is a typical secondary battery and has the following structure.
【０００３】ＰｂＯ2 ｜Ｈ2 ＳＯ4aq ｜Ｐｂ この鉛電池は現在では最も広く使われている蓄電池であ
って、基本的な反応は次の通りである。PbO 2 | H 2 SO 4aq | Pb This lead battery is the most widely used storage battery at present, and the basic reaction is as follows.
【０００４】 ＰｂＯ2 ＋Ｈ2 ＳＯ4 ＋Ｐｂ → ２ＰｂＳＯ4 ＋２Ｈ2 Ｏ ＰｂＯ2 ＋Ｈ2 ＳＯ4 ＋Ｐｂ ← ２ＰｂＳＯ4 ＋２Ｈ2 Ｏ 上記反応式において、右に進む場合が放電反応であり、
左に進む反応が充電反応である。この式から明らかなよ
うに、正極側活物質であるＰｂＯ2 も、負極活物質であ
るＰｂも、放電によってＰｂＳＯ4 （固体）となり、充
電によってそれぞれ元の状態に戻る。そして、この鉛電
池においては、充電によりほぼ完全に元の状態に戻るた
めに、多数回（約1000回程度）の充放電を繰り返すこと
も可能である。PbO 2 + H 2 SO 4 + Pb → 2PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O PbO 2 + H 2 SO 4 + Pb ← 2PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O In the above reaction formula, the case of proceeding to the right is the discharge reaction,
The reaction that goes to the left is the charging reaction. As is clear from this equation, both PbO 2 which is the positive electrode side active material and Pb which is the negative electrode active material become PbSO 4 (solid) by discharging and return to their original states by charging. In addition, in this lead battery, it is possible to repeat charging and discharging a large number of times (about 1000 times) in order to almost completely return to the original state by charging.
【０００５】ところで、電池を電気自動車のエネルギー
源として用いる場合に問題となるのが充電状態である。
エネルギー源である電池の残りの放電能力が判らなけれ
ば、電気自動車の可能な走行距離がつかめず、最悪の場
合には充電施設がないところで車がストップしてしまう
などという事態も生ずることとなってしまうからであ
る。By the way, when a battery is used as an energy source for an electric vehicle, a problem is a charged state.
If the remaining discharge capacity of the battery, which is an energy source, is not known, the mileage of the electric vehicle cannot be grasped, and in the worst case, the car may stop without a charging facility. This is because it will end up.
【０００６】ここで、電池の残存容量を測定する方法と
して、電気量積算方式による測定方法がある。電気量積
算方式では、満充電状態から使用した電気量を減じてい
くことにより電池の充電状態を算出する。Here, as a method for measuring the remaining capacity of the battery, there is a measuring method by an electric quantity integrating method. In the electricity amount integration method, the state of charge of the battery is calculated by subtracting the amount of electricity used from the fully charged state.
【０００７】ところが、多数回の充放電が可能な鉛電池
であっても、充放電を繰り返すことによって劣化する。
電池が劣化すると、満充電状態での電池の容量が減少
し、この状態で電気量積算方式を用いると測定精度に誤
差が生じる。この誤差は、劣化度の増大に伴い増大して
いく。However, even a lead battery which can be charged and discharged many times is deteriorated by repeating charging and discharging.
When the battery deteriorates, the capacity of the battery in the fully charged state decreases, and if the electricity quantity integrating method is used in this state, an error occurs in the measurement accuracy. This error increases as the degree of deterioration increases.
【０００８】一方、例えば特開昭６３−２６１１７９号
公報においては、大電流時の電池の微分内部抵抗（電流
変化と電圧変化の関係）が残存容量と相関のあることを
利用して、電池の残存容量を求めるとともに、充電状態
と相関のある設定電圧到達時の平均充電電流を組み合わ
せて電池の劣化度および充電状態を検出している。On the other hand, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-261179, the fact that the differential internal resistance (relationship between current change and voltage change) of a battery at the time of a large current is correlated with the remaining capacity is taken into consideration. The state of charge and the state of charge of the battery are detected by combining the average charge current when the set voltage reaches the state of charge, which is correlated with the state of charge.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、充電時の電圧
が一定になるのは、充電を定電流−定電圧方式で行った
としても充電の末期である。したがって上記従来方法
は、充電末期の状態が頻繁に生じる自動車の補機電池に
適用することはできるが、電気自動車のエネルギー源と
しての電池に適用することはできない。さらに、上記従
来例では、大電流時をエンジン始動時としているが、こ
れも電気自動車には適用できない。However, the voltage becomes constant during charging at the end of charging even if the charging is performed by the constant current-constant voltage method. Therefore, the above-mentioned conventional method can be applied to an auxiliary battery of an automobile in which the end-of-charge state frequently occurs, but cannot be applied to a battery as an energy source of an electric vehicle. Furthermore, in the above-mentioned conventional example, the engine is started at the time of large current, but this cannot be applied to the electric vehicle.
【００１０】本発明の目的は、上記課題に鑑みなされた
ものであり、その目的は、電気自動車に好適な電池残存
容量計を提供することにある。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a battery remaining capacity meter suitable for an electric vehicle.
【００１１】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】以上のような課題を解決
するために、本発明に係る電気自動車用の電池残存容量
計であって、電池の放電電流を検出する電流検出手段
と、この電流検出手段で検出された放電電流の変化状態
を検出する変化状態検出手段と、電池の放電時における
放電電圧を検出する電圧検出手段と、前記電流検出手段
および変化状態検出手段の検出結果より、放電電流が所
定値以上であり、かつ放電電流が増加しているという条
件が満足されているか否かを判定する条件判定手段と、
この条件判定手段により前記条件が満足されていると判
定された時に、そのときの電流および電圧と、予め設け
られている放電電流および放電電圧に対する残存容量を
示すマップに基づいて高負荷時残存容量を算出する高負
荷時残存容量検出手段と、満充電時から放電された電気
量を積算することにより使用中の電池の充電状態を算出
する充電状態検出手段と、前記高負荷時残存容量検出手
段により算出された高負荷時残存容量と、前記充電状態
検出手段により算出された充電状態から該電池の満充電
状態の電池容量を推定する電池容量算出手段と、算出さ
れた電池容量と公称容量とを比較することにより、該電
池の劣化度を算出する劣化度算出手段と、を含むことを
特徴とする。In order to solve the above problems, there is provided a battery remaining capacity meter for an electric vehicle according to the present invention, comprising current detection means for detecting a discharge current of a battery, and the current detection means. The change state detection means for detecting the change state of the discharge current detected by the detection means, the voltage detection means for detecting the discharge voltage at the time of discharging the battery, and the detection result of the current detection means and the change state detection means Condition determining means for determining whether or not the condition that the current is equal to or greater than a predetermined value and that the discharge current is increasing is satisfied,
When it is determined by the condition determining means that the above condition is satisfied, the current and voltage at that time and the remaining capacity at high load based on the map showing the remaining capacity for the discharge current and the discharge voltage provided in advance. A high-load state of charge detection means for calculating the state of charge, a state of charge detection means for calculating the state of charge of the battery in use by integrating the amount of electricity discharged from the time of full charge, and the high-load state of charge detection means A high-load remaining capacity calculated by, and a battery capacity calculating means for estimating the battery capacity of the battery in the fully charged state from the charging status calculated by the charging status detecting means, and the calculated battery capacity and nominal capacity. And a deterioration degree calculation means for calculating the deterioration degree of the battery by comparing
【００１２】また、劣化度算出手段によって算出された
劣化度に基づいて前記充電状態検出手段で検出された充
電状態を補正する補正手段を含むことを特徴とする。Further, the present invention is characterized by including a correction means for correcting the charge state detected by the charge state detection means based on the deterioration degree calculated by the deterioration degree calculation means.
【００１３】更に、前記劣化度算出手段は、前記使用中
の電池の充電状態が８０％〜２０％のときの電池の充電
状態と高負荷時残存容量とを用いて電池の劣化度を算出
することを特徴とする。Further, the deterioration degree calculating means calculates the deterioration degree of the battery using the state of charge of the battery and the remaining capacity under high load when the state of charge of the battery in use is 80% to 20%. It is characterized by
【００１４】そして、電池の劣化度が一定とみなせる所
定の短期間中における高負荷時残存容量の変化状態に基
づいて前記充電状態検出手段の検出結果を補正する補正
手段を含むことを特徴とする。Further, the present invention is characterized by including a correction means for correcting the detection result of the charge state detection means based on the change state of the high load remaining capacity during a predetermined short period in which the degree of deterioration of the battery can be regarded as constant. .
【００１５】[0015]
【作用】以上のような構成を有する本発明の電池残存容
量計においては、高負荷時残存容量検出手段により、後
述するように、所定のタイミングにおいて高負荷時残存
容量が検出される。一方、その高負荷時残存容量が検出
された時点の電池の充電状態は、充電状態検出手段によ
り、電気量積算方式によって算出される。次に、ある時
点の電池の充電状態と高負荷時残存容量が算出されるこ
とにより、電池容量算出手段において、該電池の満充電
時の容量が算出される。そして、劣化度算出手段によ
り、この容量と公称容量とが比較されて電池の劣化度が
求められることになる。In the battery remaining capacity meter of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure, the high load remaining capacity detecting means detects the high load remaining capacity at a predetermined timing, as will be described later. On the other hand, the state of charge of the battery at the time when the high-load remaining capacity is detected is calculated by the state-of-charge detecting means by the electricity quantity integrating method. Next, by calculating the state of charge of the battery and the remaining capacity under high load at a certain time point, the battery capacity calculation means calculates the capacity of the battery at the time of full charge. Then, the deterioration degree calculating means compares the capacity with the nominal capacity to obtain the deterioration degree of the battery.
【００１６】そして、充電状態検出手段で使用される満
充電時の電池容量を、劣化度算出手段によって算出され
た劣化度に基づいて補正することにより、劣化度が算出
される度に、電気量積算方式で生じる誤差が補正される
こととなる。よって、電気量積算方式で常時計測する充
電状態についての誤差の発生を防止することができる。Then, the battery capacity at the time of full charge used by the charge state detecting means is corrected on the basis of the deterioration degree calculated by the deterioration degree calculating means, so that the electric quantity is calculated every time the deterioration degree is calculated. The error caused by the integration method will be corrected. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an error in the state of charge that is constantly measured by the electricity amount integration method.
【００１７】また、電池の充電状態が８０％〜２０％の
ときの電池の充電状態と高負荷時残存容量とを、電池の
劣化度を算出するためのデータとして用いることで、電
池放置時の自己放電等により生じるズレを修正する補正
を行う必要がなくなる。Further, by using the state of charge of the battery and the remaining capacity under high load when the state of charge of the battery is 80% to 20% as data for calculating the degree of deterioration of the battery, it is possible to measure It is not necessary to make a correction to correct the deviation caused by self-discharge or the like.
【００１８】更に、電池の劣化度が一定の間は、そのと
きの高負荷時残存容量の変化を使用して電池の充電状態
を補正する手段により、充電状態の方を補正する。これ
により、電池の劣化度の算出が、電気量積算方式で生じ
る誤差に基づいて行われることがなくなり、また、電気
量積算方式で生じた誤差が実測データ（電池の高負荷時
残存容量）に基づいて適宜修正されることとなる。Further, while the degree of deterioration of the battery is constant, the state of charge of the battery is corrected by the means for correcting the state of charge of the battery by using the change in the remaining capacity under high load at that time. As a result, the degree of deterioration of the battery is no longer calculated based on the error that occurs in the electricity quantity integration method, and the error that occurs in the electricity quantity integration method is added to the actual measurement data (remaining capacity of the battery under high load). It will be modified accordingly.
【００１９】ここで、電池の高負荷時残存容量を検出す
るにあたっては、条件判定手段において、放電電流が所
定値以上であり、かつ放電電流が増加しているという条
件が満足されているか否かが判定される。そして、この
判定結果により、条件が満足されている時に、予め設け
てある放電電圧と残存容量のマップに基づいて、検出電
圧および電流から電池高負荷時残存容量を算出する。こ
れにより、電圧と電池残存容量の間によい相関関係があ
る状態になった時に、電池高負荷時残存容量が算出され
ることとなり、正確な残存容量の測定が行える。Here, in detecting the remaining capacity of the battery under high load, whether or not the condition determining means satisfies the condition that the discharge current is equal to or more than a predetermined value and the discharge current is increasing. Is determined. Then, when the conditions are satisfied based on this determination result, the battery high load remaining capacity is calculated from the detected voltage and the current based on a map of the discharge voltage and the remaining capacity provided in advance. As a result, when there is a good correlation between the voltage and the battery remaining capacity, the battery high load remaining capacity is calculated, and the accurate remaining capacity can be measured.
【００２０】特に、本発明においては、放電電流が増加
している時にのみ高負荷残存容量の測定を行う。これ
は、放電電流が所定値以上でありかつ放電電流が増加し
ている場合には、電圧電流特性と残存容量の関係に良好
な相関が存在するという知見に基づいている。そして、
この条件によって、残存容量の測定の精度が向上されて
いる。なお、放電電流が減少している条件下では、電圧
電流特性と残存容量の間の良好な相関は維持されない。Particularly, in the present invention, the high load remaining capacity is measured only when the discharge current is increasing. This is based on the finding that there is a good correlation between the voltage-current characteristic and the remaining capacity when the discharge current is equal to or higher than a predetermined value and the discharge current increases. And
This condition improves the accuracy of the remaining capacity measurement. It should be noted that under the condition that the discharge current is decreasing, a good correlation between the voltage-current characteristic and the remaining capacity is not maintained.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】以下、本発明の好適な実施例について図に基
づいて説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００２２】・装置の構成 図１は、本発明の好適な一実施例に係る電池残存容量計
の構成を示すブロック図である。図に示されているよう
に、本実施例に係る電池残存容量計１０は、電気自動車
の駆動用モータ等の車両負荷１１にスイッチ１２を介し
電力を供給する主電池１３の両端の電位差を検出する電
圧計１５と、主電池１３から流れる電流を測定する電流
計ｌ６と、主電池１３の温度を監視する温度センサ１７
と、に接続されている。そして、電池残存容量計１０
は、電圧計１５と電流計ｌ６とからデータを取り込む電
気量積算手段１８及びＶ−Ｉ特性算出手段１９を含み、
電気量積算手段１８はＳＯＣ算出手段２０に接続されて
おり、Ｖ−Ｉ特性算出手段１９は高負荷時残存容量算出
手段２１に接続されている。ここで、ＳＯＣ算出手段２
０は、電気量積算手段１８から出力されるデータを取り
入れて主電池１３の充電状態（ＳＯＣ）を算出し、高負
荷時残存容量算出手段２１は、Ｖ−Ｉ特性算出手段１９
から出力されたデータを取り入れて電池の高負荷時残存
容量を算出する。 Device Configuration FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery remaining capacity meter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a battery remaining capacity meter 10 according to the present embodiment detects a potential difference between both ends of a main battery 13 that supplies electric power to a vehicle load 11 such as a driving motor of an electric vehicle via a switch 12. Voltmeter 15, an ammeter 16 for measuring the current flowing from the main battery 13, and a temperature sensor 17 for monitoring the temperature of the main battery 13.
And are connected to. Then, the battery remaining capacity meter 10
Includes an electric quantity integrating means 18 and a VI characteristic calculating means 19 for fetching data from the voltmeter 15 and the ammeter 16
The electricity amount accumulating means 18 is connected to the SOC calculating means 20, and the VI characteristic calculating means 19 is connected to the high load remaining capacity calculating means 21. Here, the SOC calculation means 2
0 calculates the state of charge (SOC) of the main battery 13 by taking in the data output from the electricity amount integrating means 18, and the high load state of charge calculating means 21 calculates the VI characteristic calculating means 19
The remaining capacity at high load of the battery is calculated by taking in the data output from.
【００２３】ＳＯＣ算出手段２０と高負荷時残存容量算
出手段２１は、共に劣化度算出手段２３に接続されてお
り、この劣化度算出手段２３において、ＳＯＣ算出手段
２０で算出され出力された主電池１３の充電状態と、高
負荷時残存容量算出手段２１で算出され出力された主電
池１３の高負荷時残存容量とを基にして主電池１３の劣
化度が算出される。劣化度算出手段２３には、有効デー
タ判定手段２５が接続されており、ここでＳＯＣ算出手
段２０及び高負荷時残存容量算出手段２１から出力され
るデータの内で劣化度の算出に有効なデータが判定され
選択されるようになっている。劣化度算出手段２３は、
ＳＯＣ算出手段２０で用いられるパラメータ（満充電状
態での電池容量）の補正を行う補正手段２７に接続され
ており、これによりＳＯＣ算出手段２０で充電状態の算
出に用いられるパラメータが、劣化度算出手段２３で算
出された劣化度に基づいて補正されるようになってい
る。The SOC calculating means 20 and the high load remaining capacity calculating means 21 are both connected to the deterioration degree calculating means 23. In the deterioration degree calculating means 23, the main battery calculated and output by the SOC calculating means 20 is output. The deterioration degree of the main battery 13 is calculated based on the state of charge of the main battery 13 and the high-load remaining capacity of the main battery 13 calculated and output by the high-load remaining capacity calculating unit 21. A valid data determining means 25 is connected to the deterioration degree calculating means 23, and here, among the data output from the SOC calculating means 20 and the high load remaining capacity calculating means 21, data effective for calculating the deterioration degree is included. Is determined and selected. The deterioration degree calculation means 23
It is connected to a correction unit 27 that corrects a parameter (battery capacity in a fully charged state) used by the SOC calculation unit 20, whereby the parameter used by the SOC calculation unit 20 to calculate the state of charge is the deterioration degree calculation. The correction is made based on the deterioration degree calculated by the means 23.
【００２４】ＳＯＣ算出手段２０或いは劣化度算出手段
２３で得られたＳＯＣ、残存容量、劣化度等の情報は、
表示装置２９で表示される。Information such as SOC, remaining capacity, and degree of deterioration obtained by the SOC calculating means 20 or the deterioration degree calculating means 23 is
It is displayed on the display device 29.
【００２５】・電池の充電状態の算出 主電池１３の充電状態（ＳＯＣ）は、電気量積算手段１
８及びＳＯＣ算出手段２０において、電池放電電流の積
算に基づく電気量積算方式により算出される。算出され
た充電状態（ＳＯＣ）は、必要に応じて表示装置２９に
表示される。なお、この充電状態の算出の詳細について
は、後述する。 Calculation of the state of charge of the battery The state of charge (SOC) of the main battery 13 is calculated by the electricity quantity integrating means 1
8 and the SOC calculation means 20 calculates the amount of electricity based on the integration of the battery discharge current. The calculated state of charge (SOC) is displayed on the display device 29 as needed. The details of the calculation of the state of charge will be described later.
【００２６】・電池の高負荷時残存容量の算出 図２は、主電池１３の残存容量が一定の時の電池電圧と
放電電流の関係を示すグラフである。このグラフにおい
ては、一定の残存容量として１２０Ａｈ（ＳＯＣ＝８０
％）と７５Ａｈ（ＳＯＣ＝５０％）の場合を例として挙
げている。 Calculation of High Capacity Remaining Capacity of Battery FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the battery voltage and the discharge current when the remaining capacity of the main battery 13 is constant. In this graph, 120 Ah (SOC = 80
%) And 75 Ah (SOC = 50%).
【００２７】この図２に示されているように、加速時で
あり、しかも主電池１３から流れ出る電流の大きさが
０．７５Ｃ以上の場合には、電池の残存容量が一定であ
れば、電池電圧と電流との間には非常に良好な相関関係
がある。一方、主電池１３からの電流の大きさが０．７
５Ｃ以下である場合やコースティング時には、電池電圧
と電流との間に十分な相関関係がみられない。ここで、
加速中は駆動用のモータの出力トルクを上昇させるた
め、時間の経過に伴って電流が増加していく。従って、
主電池１３から流れ出る電流の大きさが０．７５Ｃ以上
でかつそれが増加している高負荷時には、その時の電池
電圧と電流の値を測定すれば、電池の残存容量が求めら
れることになる。このようにして測定された残存容量を
高負荷時残存容量とすれば、これは電池の残存容量を正
確に表しているといえる。As shown in FIG. 2, at the time of acceleration and when the magnitude of the current flowing out from the main battery 13 is 0.75 C or more, if the remaining capacity of the battery is constant, There is a very good correlation between voltage and current. On the other hand, the magnitude of the current from the main battery 13 is 0.7
When it is 5 C or less or when coasting, there is no sufficient correlation between the battery voltage and the current. here,
Since the output torque of the driving motor is increased during acceleration, the current increases with the passage of time. Therefore,
When the amount of current flowing out from the main battery 13 is 0.75 C or more and the amount of current is increasing and the load is high, the remaining capacity of the battery can be obtained by measuring the values of the battery voltage and current at that time. If the residual capacity measured in this way is taken as the residual capacity under high load, it can be said that this accurately represents the residual capacity of the battery.
【００２８】Ｖ−Ｉ特性算出手段１９は、電流計ｌ６で
検出される電流の値が所定値以上であり、かつ主電池１
３から流れる電流が増加しているか否かを判断する。ま
た、高負荷時残存容量算出手段２１は、電圧および電流
と電池の残存容量の相関関係を示すマップを備え、所定
の放電電流で放電されたときの主電池１３の放電電圧か
ら主電池１３の高負荷時残存容量を算出する。The V-I characteristic calculating means 19 detects that the value of the current detected by the ammeter 16 is a predetermined value or more, and the main battery 1
It is determined whether or not the current flowing from 3 is increasing. Further, the high load remaining capacity calculating means 21 includes a map showing the correlation between the voltage and the current and the remaining capacity of the battery, and the discharge voltage of the main battery 13 from the discharge voltage of the main battery 13 when the main battery 13 is discharged at a predetermined discharge current. Calculate the remaining capacity under high load.
【００２９】ここで、図３は、図１に示す本実施例の高
負荷時残存容量算出手段２１の動作を示すフローチャー
トである。図に示されているように、まず、Ｖ−Ｉ特性
算出手段１９は電流計ｌ６から出力される放電電流Ｉを
取り込む（Ｓ１０１）。次に、放電電流Ｉが所定値以上
であるかを判断する（Ｓ１０２）。この所定値として
は、例えば０．７５Ｃ（この０．７５Ｃは満充電状態の
主電池１３を１／０．７５＝１．３３時間で放電してし
まう電流を意味する）が採用され、これはかなり高い電
流値である。Ｓ１０２で所定値以下であった場合には、
このデータは利用できないため、データをクリアし（Ｓ
１０３）、Ｓ１０１に戻る。FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the operation of the high load remaining capacity calculating means 21 of this embodiment shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, first, the VI characteristic calculating means 19 takes in the discharge current I output from the ammeter 16 (S101). Next, it is determined whether the discharge current I is a predetermined value or more (S102). As this predetermined value, for example, 0.75C (this 0.75C means a current that discharges the fully charged main battery 13 in 1 / 0.75 = 1.33 hours) is used. It is a fairly high current value. If it is less than the predetermined value in S102,
This data cannot be used, so clear the data (S
103) and returns to S101.
【００３０】一方、Ｓ１０２において、主電池１３の放
電電流が所定値以上であると判断された場合には、その
ときの主電池１３の電圧を電圧計１５から取り込む（Ｓ
１０４）。そして、所定時間（図示の例では、２秒、通
常の加速はこの程度の時間継続されるものであり、また
所定値以上の電流上昇のためにはこの程度の時間が必要
だからである）経過したか否かを判定し（Ｓ１０５）、
経過していなかった場合にはＳ１０１に戻り、これを繰
り返す。従って、この２秒の間に電流値が０．７５Ｃを
下回った場合には、データはＩ，Ｖ共にクリアされる。
そして、放電電流Ｉが０．７５Ｃを下回らず２秒を経過
した場合には、この２秒間の電流変化ｄＩ／ｄｔを計算
する（Ｓ１０６）。そして、この電流変化が、所定値以
上か（例えば２秒間で０．７５Ｃ→１．２Ｃの増加があ
ったか）否かを判定する（Ｓ１０７）、電流Ｉの増加量
が所定値以上でなかった場合には、取り込んだデータ
Ｖ，Ｉをクリアし（Ｓ１０８）、Ｓ１０１に戻る。これ
は、後述するように、電気自動車における主電池１３の
Ｖ−Ｉ特性と残存容量の関係を調べたところ、放電電流
Ｉが大きいだけでなく、これが増加しているときに、特
に良い相関が得られるという知見に基づいている。な
お、Ｓ１０６、１０７の処理は、２秒後の電流量が所定
値例えば１．２Ｃを上回っているか否かの判定によって
もよい。On the other hand, when it is determined in S102 that the discharge current of the main battery 13 is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, the voltage of the main battery 13 at that time is fetched from the voltmeter 15 (S
104). Then, a predetermined time (2 seconds in the illustrated example, normal acceleration is continued for this time, and this time is required for increasing the current above a predetermined value). It is determined whether or not (S105),
If it has not elapsed, the process returns to S101 and is repeated. Therefore, when the current value falls below 0.75C in the last 2 seconds, both data I and V are cleared.
Then, when the discharge current I does not fall below 0.75 C and 2 seconds have passed, the current change dI / dt for 2 seconds is calculated (S106). Then, it is determined whether or not this current change is a predetermined value or more (for example, an increase of 0.75C → 1.2C in 2 seconds) (S107), and the amount of increase of the current I is not more than the predetermined value. In step S108, the fetched data V and I are cleared (S108), and the process returns to S101. As will be described later, when the relationship between the V-I characteristic of the main battery 13 and the remaining capacity of the electric vehicle is examined, as will be described later, a particularly good correlation is found not only when the discharge current I is large but also when it is increasing. It is based on the finding that it can be obtained. The processing of S106 and 107 may be performed by determining whether or not the current amount after 2 seconds exceeds a predetermined value, for example, 1.2C.
【００３１】放電電流が所定値以上の増加率であった場
合には、放電電流Ｉと電池電圧Ｖの関係（Ｖ−Ｉ）特性
を基にして主電池の残存容量（高負荷時残存容量）を算
出する（Ｓ１０９）。すなわち、放電電流Ｉが所定値以
上であり、かつ放電電流の増加率ｄＩ／ｄｔが所定値以
上である高負荷加速時においては、電圧電流特性（Ｖ−
Ｉ特性）と、電池の残存容量には良好な相関がある。こ
のため、放電電流の変化に対する電池電圧の変化を示す
直線の勾配と電池残存容量の関係を予めマップとして記
憶しておき、測定データから求められた勾配からマップ
をひき電池の残存容量を求めたり、特定の放電電流値に
おける電圧値と残存容量の関係をマップとして記憶して
おき、測定データから得られた電圧値からマップを引き
高負荷時残存容量を算出することができる。この時、残
存容量計１０には温度センサｌ７からの電池の温度も供
給されている。なお、電池電圧と残存容量の相関関係
は、温度依存性を有する。このため、高負荷時残存容量
算出の際に、このような温度依存特性を利用し、温度セ
ンサｌ７により検出された温度に基づいて算出された高
負荷時残存容量を補正すればよい。When the discharge current has an increase rate of a predetermined value or more, the remaining capacity of the main battery (high-load remaining capacity) is based on the relationship (VI) characteristic of the discharge current I and the battery voltage V. Is calculated (S109). That is, at the time of high load acceleration in which the discharge current I is a predetermined value or more and the discharge current increase rate dI / dt is a predetermined value or more, the voltage-current characteristic (V-
There is a good correlation between the I characteristic) and the remaining capacity of the battery. Therefore, the relationship between the linear gradient showing the change in the battery voltage with respect to the change in the discharge current and the battery remaining capacity is stored in advance as a map, and the map is drawn from the gradient obtained from the measured data to obtain the battery remaining capacity. The relationship between the voltage value and the remaining capacity at a specific discharge current value is stored as a map, and the map can be drawn from the voltage value obtained from the measurement data to calculate the high load remaining capacity. At this time, the battery temperature from the temperature sensor 17 is also supplied to the remaining capacity meter 10. The correlation between the battery voltage and the remaining capacity has temperature dependency. Therefore, when calculating the high load remaining capacity, such a temperature-dependent characteristic may be used to correct the high load remaining capacity calculated based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 17.
【００３２】図４は、以上のような条件を満足する場合
（高負荷時）の電池電圧と電池の残存容量関係を示す図
である。なお、このときの主電池１３の放電電流は１．
３Ｃである。このように、所定電流時の電圧と電池の残
存容量には良い相関がある。したがって、例えば、電流
１．３Ｃの時の電池電圧と残存容量の関係をマップに記
憶しておき、実際の走行における電流１．３Ｃの際の電
圧を求めれば、マップを基に電池の残存容量を求めるこ
とができる（上記Ｓ１０５）。そして、このようにし
て、残存容量を求めるのは、上述のように、Ｖ−Ｉ特性
と残存容量に良好な相関があるときだけなので、求めら
れた残存容量は信頼性の高いものとなる。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the battery voltage and the remaining capacity of the battery when the above conditions are satisfied (at high load). The discharge current of the main battery 13 at this time is 1.
It is 3C. As described above, there is a good correlation between the voltage at the predetermined current and the remaining capacity of the battery. Therefore, for example, if the relationship between the battery voltage and the remaining capacity at the current of 1.3 C is stored in a map and the voltage at the current of 1.3 C in actual traveling is obtained, the remaining capacity of the battery is calculated based on the map. Can be obtained (S105 above). In this way, the remaining capacity is obtained only when the VI characteristic and the remaining capacity have a good correlation as described above, and thus the obtained remaining capacity is highly reliable.
【００３３】そして、上述のような条件は、発進時、高
速走行における加速時、登坂時等通常の走行時において
生じるため、電池の高負荷時残存容量を適当な頻度で計
測できる。Since the above-mentioned conditions occur during normal running such as starting, acceleration during high-speed running, and climbing uphill, the remaining capacity of the battery under high load can be measured at an appropriate frequency.
【００３４】さらに、本実施例では、所定時間における
電流値および電圧値を記憶している。このため、任意の
電流値における電圧値はこの記憶している値から推定
（または補間）により求めることができる。そこで、実
際には１．３Ｃにおける電圧値を測定していなくても
１．３Ｃの時の電圧値を求め、求められた値から高負荷
時残存容量を算出することができる。さらに、測定され
た電圧、電流値から両者の相関を求め、相関が所定値以
下であった場合には、高負荷時残存容量の算出を中止し
ても良い。Further, in this embodiment, the current value and voltage value at a predetermined time are stored. Therefore, the voltage value at an arbitrary current value can be obtained by estimation (or interpolation) from the stored value. Therefore, even if the voltage value at 1.3 C is not actually measured, the voltage value at 1.3 C can be obtained, and the high load remaining capacity can be calculated from the obtained value. Furthermore, the correlation between the two may be obtained from the measured voltage and current values, and when the correlation is less than or equal to a predetermined value, calculation of the high load remaining capacity may be stopped.
【００３５】・劣化度算出 主電池１３の充電状態と高負荷時残存容量とが検出され
ると、これらの値を用いて電池の劣化度を検出すること
が可能になる。すなわち、図５に示されるように、高負
荷時残存容量に対応する充電状態のデータをいくつか集
めそれらをプロットすることにより、充電状態１００％
のときの主電池１３の残存容量（実際の満充電時の残存
容量、つまり主電池１３の放電容量）を推定することが
できる。そして、この主電池１３が満充電時の残存容量
を当該主電池１３の公称容量で割ることにより、使用中
の主電池１３の劣化度が算出される。この算出動作は、
劣化度算出手段２３が、ＳＯＣ算出手段２０から出力さ
れた主電池１３の充電状態と、高負荷時残存容量検出手
段２１から出力された主電池１３の高負荷時残存容量と
を入力して行う。ここで、高負荷時残存容量を算出でき
るタイミングは限られているので、この劣化度の算出
は、高負荷時残存容量が算出できる条件下においてのみ
行われることになる。 Degradation degree calculation When the state of charge of the main battery 13 and the high load remaining capacity are detected, the degree of deterioration of the battery can be detected using these values. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, by collecting some data on the state of charge corresponding to the state of charge under high load, and plotting them, the state of charge of 100% can be obtained.
In this case, the remaining capacity of the main battery 13 (actual remaining capacity when fully charged, that is, the discharge capacity of the main battery 13) can be estimated. Then, the degree of deterioration of the main battery 13 in use is calculated by dividing the remaining capacity of the main battery 13 when it is fully charged by the nominal capacity of the main battery 13. This calculation operation is
The deterioration degree calculating unit 23 inputs the state of charge of the main battery 13 output from the SOC calculating unit 20 and the high load remaining capacity of the main battery 13 output from the high load remaining capacity detecting unit 21. . Here, since the timing at which the high load remaining capacity can be calculated is limited, the deterioration degree is calculated only under the condition that the high load remaining capacity can be calculated.
【００３６】図６は、異なる充電状態の電池を放置した
場合の電池電圧の変化を示したものである。この図６に
おいては、主電池１３が１時間放置された場合と５時間
放置された場合の電池電圧の変化を示している。なお、
この場合において外気温とは３０℃であり、電池電圧と
は１．３Ｃの電流で放電したときの電池電圧である。と
ころで、放電電流が一定であるにもかかわらず電池電圧
が変化するということは、主電池１３の残存容量が正確
に算出されないということになるが、この図６から明ら
かなように、充電状態（ＳＯＣ）が８０％以下の場合に
は、１時間放置後も５時間放置後も電池電圧に変化が生
じない。そこで、本実施例においては、有効データ判定
手段２５により、充電状態が８０％以下のときのデータ
で劣化度が算出されるように、取り込まれるデータの範
囲を制限している。従って、本実施例に係る電池残存容
量計１０においては、有効データ判定手段２５により、
充電状態が８０％以上の場合のデータが排除され、充電
状態が８０％以下のデータのみが劣化度の算出に用いら
れるようになっている。これにより、電池の放置により
生じる誤差を排除し、劣化度算出の精度を向上させるこ
とができるようになっている。一方、電池の充電状態が
２０％以下になると、そのときの電池の内部の状態によ
る電流電圧の変化や積算電力の検出誤差等の影響が大き
くなり、正確に劣化度を測定できなくなる。そこで、本
実施例では、充電状態が２０％〜８０％のときのデータ
が劣化度の算出に用いられるようなっている。FIG. 6 shows changes in battery voltage when batteries of different charge states are left unattended. FIG. 6 shows changes in the battery voltage when the main battery 13 is left for 1 hour and when left for 5 hours. In addition,
In this case, the outside air temperature is 30 ° C., and the battery voltage is the battery voltage when discharged with a current of 1.3C. By the way, the fact that the battery voltage changes even though the discharge current is constant means that the remaining capacity of the main battery 13 cannot be accurately calculated. However, as is clear from FIG. 6, the charging state ( When the SOC) is 80% or less, the battery voltage does not change after being left for 1 hour or 5 hours. In view of this, in the present embodiment, the valid data determination means 25 limits the range of data to be taken in so that the degree of deterioration is calculated from the data when the state of charge is 80% or less. Therefore, in the battery remaining capacity meter 10 according to the present embodiment, the valid data determination means 25
The data when the state of charge is 80% or more is excluded, and only the data when the state of charge is 80% or less is used for calculating the degree of deterioration. This makes it possible to eliminate the error caused by leaving the battery unattended and improve the accuracy of the deterioration degree calculation. On the other hand, when the state of charge of the battery is 20% or less, the influence of the change in the current voltage and the detection error of the integrated power due to the internal state of the battery at that time becomes large, and the deterioration degree cannot be accurately measured. Therefore, in this embodiment, the data when the state of charge is 20% to 80% is used to calculate the degree of deterioration.
【００３７】・電気量積算手段の補正 そして、このようにして算出された主電池１３の劣化度
は、補正手段２７に出力され、この補正手段２７は、主
電池１３の劣化度に基づいて、ＳＯＣ算出手段２０でＳ
ＯＣの算出に用いられる満充電時の電池容量の補正を行
う。これにより、主電池１３の劣化度に応じた充電状態
が算出されることになり、電気量積算式で算出される充
電状態の精度が向上するようになる。電気量積算方式は
検出が容易であり、かつ常時検出ができる一方で、電池
の劣化により誤差が生じやすい。本実施例に係る電池残
存容量計１０においては、主電池１３の高負荷時残存容
量が検出される度にこれを記憶しておき、適当な頻度
（例えば１０回の高負荷時残存容量とそのときのＳＯＣ
の測定）で、劣化度が算出されてＳＯＣ算出のための満
充電時の電池容量が補正されるので、電気量積算方式の
精度が維持されることとなる。そして、この補正された
ＳＯＣを基に電池の残存容量を常に正確に知ることがで
きる。 Correction of electricity quantity accumulating means The deterioration degree of the main battery 13 calculated in this way is output to the correcting means 27, and the correcting means 27 calculates the deterioration degree of the main battery 13 based on the deterioration degree. S by the SOC calculation means 20
The battery capacity at the time of full charge used for calculation of OC is corrected. As a result, the state of charge corresponding to the degree of deterioration of the main battery 13 is calculated, and the accuracy of the state of charge calculated by the electricity quantity integration formula is improved. The electricity amount integration method is easy to detect and can always be detected, but errors are likely to occur due to deterioration of the battery. In the battery remaining capacity meter 10 according to the present embodiment, each time the high load remaining capacity of the main battery 13 is detected, this is stored and is stored at an appropriate frequency (for example, 10 times of high load remaining capacity and its value). SOC of time
Measurement), the degree of deterioration is calculated and the battery capacity at full charge for SOC calculation is corrected, so that the accuracy of the electricity quantity integration method is maintained. Then, the remaining capacity of the battery can always be known accurately based on the corrected SOC.
【００３８】なお、図７に示されるように、主電池１３
の容量は温度依存性がある。この図では、温度３０℃の
場合の検出残存容量を１００％とし、同一の残存容量を
他の温度で検出した場合の比を示している。そこで、温
度センサ１７からのデータに基づいて、検出した高負荷
時残存容量を補正し、それに基づいて主電池１３の劣化
度が算出されるようになっている。As shown in FIG. 7, the main battery 13
The capacity of is dependent on temperature. In this figure, the detected remaining capacity at a temperature of 30 ° C. is set to 100%, and the ratio when the same remaining capacity is detected at another temperature is shown. Therefore, the detected high load remaining capacity is corrected based on the data from the temperature sensor 17, and the deterioration degree of the main battery 13 is calculated based on the corrected high load remaining capacity.
【００３９】ここで、図８は主電池１３の劣化度を算出
するときの動作を示すフローチャートである。Here, FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation when calculating the degree of deterioration of the main battery 13.
【００４０】まず、主電池１３の放電電流や電池電圧の
データが入力され（Ｓ２０１）、主電池１３の温度が検
出されると（Ｓ２０２）、主電池１３の高負荷時残存容
量と充電状態が算出される（Ｓ２０３）。このＳ２０３
における充電状態の算出は、ＳＯＣ算出手段２０におけ
る電気量積算方式によって行われる。すなわち、残存容
量は、満充電時の電池容量から放電電気量を減算して算
出している。First, when the data of the discharge current and the battery voltage of the main battery 13 is input (S201) and the temperature of the main battery 13 is detected (S202), the remaining capacity of the main battery 13 under high load and the charge state are determined. It is calculated (S203). This S203
The calculation of the state of charge is performed by the SOC calculation method in the SOC calculation means 20. That is, the remaining capacity is calculated by subtracting the discharged electricity amount from the battery capacity when fully charged.
【００４１】次に、キースイッチがオンであった場合に
（Ｓ２０４）、主電池１３の高負荷時残存容量は算出で
きるような状態、すなわち主電池１３から出力される電
流値が０．７５Ｃ以上でありかつそれが増加している場
合には（Ｓ２０５）、高負荷時残存容量算出手段２１が
そのときの電流量、電圧値に基づいてマップを参照する
ことにより高負荷時残存容量を算出する。この算出され
た高負荷時残存容量とＳ２０２において得られたＳＯＣ
より劣化度算出手段２３による劣化度の算出が行われる
（Ｓ２０７）。なお、有効データ判定手段２５による制
御によって劣化度が計測されるのは、主電池１３の充電
状態が２０％〜８０％の間にある場合に制限されている
（Ｓ２０６）。Ｓ２０５において、主電池１３の高負荷
時残存容量を算出しないと判断された場合には、Ｓ２０
３で算出された電気量積算方式により求められた残存容
量と充電状態と共に、前回以前の劣化度が表示される
が、主電池１３の高負荷時残存容量が高負荷時残存容量
算出手段２１で算出された場合には、劣化度算出手段２
３で算出された劣化度とが表示されることになる（Ｓ２
０８）。なお、劣化度の算出は、上述のように適当な頻
度で行うと良い。Next, when the key switch is on (S204), the state where the main battery 13 has a high load remaining capacity can be calculated, that is, the current value output from the main battery 13 is 0.75 C or more. If it is and is increasing (S205), the high load remaining capacity calculation means 21 calculates the high load remaining capacity by referring to the map based on the current amount and voltage value at that time. . The calculated SOC at high load and the SOC obtained in S202
The deterioration degree calculation means 23 further calculates the deterioration degree (S207). It should be noted that the deterioration degree is measured by the control of the valid data determination means 25 only when the state of charge of the main battery 13 is between 20% and 80% (S206). When it is determined in S205 that the high-load residual capacity of the main battery 13 is not calculated, S20
Although the degree of deterioration before the previous time is displayed together with the remaining capacity and the state of charge obtained by the electricity amount integration method calculated in step 3, the high-load remaining capacity of the main battery 13 is calculated by the high-load remaining capacity calculation means 21. If calculated, the deterioration degree calculation means 2
The deterioration degree calculated in 3 is displayed (S2
08). Note that the deterioration degree may be calculated at an appropriate frequency as described above.
【００４２】さらに、残存容量も高負荷時残存容量検出
手段２１において検出したもので更新しても良い。この
場合には、上述のＳ２０３で得られる残存容量をこの検
出結果により修正し、この修正された残存容量からその
後の放電電気量の積算値を減算することによって残存容
量を算出すると良い。また、ＳＯＣについても同様に修
正すると良い。Further, the remaining capacity may be updated by the one detected by the high load remaining capacity detecting means 21. In this case, it is preferable to calculate the remaining capacity by correcting the remaining capacity obtained in S203 described above based on this detection result and subtracting the integrated value of the subsequent discharged electricity amount from the corrected remaining capacity. Also, the SOC may be similarly corrected.
【００４３】これらの表示が行われた後、又はＳ２０４
においてキースイッチがオフであると判断された場合に
は、主電池１３が充電中か否かが判断され（Ｓ２０
９）、充電中であった場合には主電池１３が満充電にな
ったか否かが監視され（Ｓ２１０）、満充電となった場
合には電気量積算方式において電気量積算のカウント値
を満充電容量値にリセットする。（Ｓ２１１）。After these displays are made, or at S204
If it is determined that the key switch is off in step S20, it is determined whether the main battery 13 is being charged (S20).
9) If it is being charged, it is monitored whether or not the main battery 13 is fully charged (S210), and if it is fully charged, the count value of the electricity amount integration in the electricity amount integration method is fully charged. Reset to the charge capacity value. (S211).
【００４４】・充電状態の補正 ここで、主電池１３が満充電されれば、図８のＳ２１１
に示されるようなリセットが行われるが、満充電まで充
電が行われない場合にはリセットが行われない。従っ
て、比較的短期間の間に満充電まで行かない充放電を数
多く繰り返したような場合には、電気量積算方式による
誤差が累積する可能性がある。 Correction of state of charge If the main battery 13 is fully charged, S211 in FIG.
However, if the charging is not performed until the battery is fully charged, the reset is not performed. Therefore, when a large number of charging / discharging operations that do not reach full charge are repeated in a relatively short period of time, errors due to the electricity quantity integration method may accumulate.
【００４５】一方、電池の通常の使用状態において、電
池の劣化度は急激に変化するものではないため、一度劣
化度を測定したならば、その後暫くの間は劣化度を測定
する必要はない。また、上述のように短期間の間に細か
な充放電を繰り返した場合には電気量積算方式による誤
差が累積するため、この方式により算出されたＳＯＣに
基づいて劣化度の算出を行うのはむしろ妥当でない。こ
れよりもむしろ、ある時に測定され算出された劣化度と
この後短期間の間に測定され算出された劣化度との間に
食い違いが生じた場合には、電気量積算方式により算出
されたＳＯＣの方に誤差が発生していると判断するほう
が妥当である。On the other hand, in normal use of the battery, the degree of deterioration of the battery does not change rapidly. Therefore, once the degree of deterioration is measured, it is not necessary to measure the degree of deterioration for a while thereafter. In addition, as described above, when fine charging and discharging are repeated for a short period of time, errors due to the electricity quantity integration method accumulate, so it is not possible to calculate the degree of deterioration based on the SOC calculated by this method. Rather not appropriate. Rather, if there is a discrepancy between the deterioration degree measured and calculated at a certain time and the deterioration degree measured and calculated in the short term thereafter, the SOC calculated by the electricity quantity integration method is used. It is more appropriate to judge that there is an error in.
【００４６】そこで、本実施例においては、一度電池の
劣化度を測定してから短期間しか経過していない場合に
は、電池の劣化度に変化がないものと見なし、電池の劣
化度を固定し、これに基づいて電気量積算方式により算
出された充電状態（ＳＯＣ）のほうを補正するようにし
ている。これにより、充放電が繰り返され、満充電に至
るまでの期間が長く、電気積算方式に基づく誤差が累積
する条件下でも精度の高い、ＳＯＣ、残存容量の検出が
可能である。Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the deterioration degree of the battery is once measured and only a short period has passed, it is considered that the deterioration degree of the battery does not change, and the deterioration degree of the battery is fixed. Then, based on this, the state of charge (SOC) calculated by the electricity amount integration method is corrected. As a result, it is possible to detect the SOC and the remaining capacity with high accuracy even under the condition that the charge and discharge are repeated and the period until full charge is long, and the error based on the electrical integration method accumulates.
【００４７】すなわち、満充電に至る充電が行われず
に、走行を長く続けていると、電気量積算と、実際の放
電量の差に基づく誤差が徐々に累積してくる。このた
め、測定されるＳＯＣと高負荷時残存容量測定手段２１
から得られる高負荷時残存容量から満充電時の電池容量
を算出すれば、実際とは異なったものになってしまう。
すなわち、そのときの算出されたＳＯＣと、高負荷時残
存容量測定手段２１から得られる残存容量の関係を示せ
ば、図９に破線で示すように、実際の両者の関係からず
れが発生している。そこで、本実施例では電気量積算を
このような補正は、図９に示されるように、電気量積算
方式により生じた誤差の累積に基づくずれを平行移動さ
せることにより行うようにしている。That is, if the vehicle is kept running for a long time without being fully charged, an error based on the difference between the electric quantity integration and the actual discharge quantity gradually accumulates. Therefore, the SOC to be measured and the high load remaining capacity measuring means 21
If the battery capacity at full charge is calculated from the high load remaining capacity obtained from the above, it will be different from the actual one.
That is, if the relationship between the calculated SOC at that time and the remaining capacity obtained from the high load remaining capacity measuring means 21 is shown, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 9, there is a deviation from the actual relationship between the two. There is. In view of this, in the present embodiment, such correction of the electric quantity is performed by translating a shift based on the accumulated error generated by the electric quantity accumulation method, as shown in FIG.
【００４８】上記したような補正は、劣化度が一定と見
なされる場合に、主電池１３の高負荷時残存容量と充電
状態に基づく劣化度の算出を行わずに、この一定と見な
せる劣化度から主電池１３の充電状態を求め、これによ
り電気量積算方式で算出された充電状態を修正するもの
である。このような補正の動作の流れが、図１０のフロ
ーチャートに示されている。電気量積算方式によりＳＯ
Ｃの算出が行われた場合には（Ｓ３０１）、主電池１３
の劣化度が一定と見なせるかどうかが判断される（Ｓ３
０２）。ここで、主電池１３の劣化度が一定と見なせる
状態というのは、前述したように、前回の劣化度測定か
ら短期間しか経っていない場合や、前回の満充電からの
走行距離または時間がそれ程大きくないような場合であ
る。The correction as described above is performed based on the deterioration degree that can be regarded as constant without calculating the deterioration degree based on the remaining capacity of the main battery 13 under high load and the charge state when the deterioration degree is regarded as constant. The state of charge of the main battery 13 is obtained, and the state of charge calculated by the electricity amount integration method is corrected by this. The flow of such correction operation is shown in the flowchart of FIG. SO by electric quantity integration method
When C is calculated (S301), the main battery 13
It is determined whether the degree of deterioration of can be regarded as constant (S3).
02). Here, the state in which the deterioration degree of the main battery 13 can be regarded as constant means that, as described above, when the deterioration degree measurement of the previous time has only passed for a short period of time, or the traveling distance or time from the previous full charge is not so long. This is not the case.
【００４９】劣化度が一定と見なせる場合には、高負荷
時残存容量算出手段２１において主電池１３の残存容量
が測定され（Ｓ３０３）、この残存容量に基づいて主電
池１３の充電状態（ＳＯＣ）が求められ、このＳＯＣと
電気量積算方式により算出されたＳＯＣとが一致するか
否かが判断され（Ｓ３０４）、一致しなかった場合に
は、電気量積算方式により算出されたＳＯＣが補正され
ることになる（Ｓ３０５）。If the degree of deterioration can be regarded as constant, the state of charge of the main battery 13 is measured by the high load state of charge calculating means 21 (S303), and the state of charge (SOC) of the main battery 13 is determined based on this state of charge. Is determined, and it is determined whether or not this SOC and the SOC calculated by the electricity amount integration method match (S304). If they do not match, the SOC calculated by the electricity amount integration method is corrected. (S305).
【００５０】・ＳＯＣの算出 次に、図１１は、電気量積算方式により電池の充電状態
ＳＯＣを求めるときのデータの取り込みとデータの流れ
を示す説明図である。 Calculation of SOC Next, FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing data acquisition and data flow when the state of charge SOC of the battery is obtained by the electricity quantity integration method.
【００５１】まず、Ｓ４０１において、放電電流Ｉd の
データが電流計１６から逐次取り込まれて、主電池１３
の放電量Ｑd が算出される。一方、Ｓ４０２においては
放置時間ｔsdが取り込まれて自己放電により損失した電
気量Ｑsdが算出される。このＳ４０２においては、自己
放電量Ｑsdを算出するにあたって自己放電率と温度の関
係を示すマップ５１が参照される。すなわち、そのとき
の温度における自己放電率ＳＤに放置時間ｔsdを乗算し
て自己放電電気量Ｑsdを算出する。温度のデータは温度
センサ１７から取り込まれる。First, in S401, the data of the discharge current I d is sequentially fetched from the ammeter 16 and the main battery 13 is discharged.
The discharge amount Q d of is calculated. On the other hand, in S402, the standing time t sd is taken in and the amount of electricity Q sd lost due to self-discharge is calculated. In S402, the map 51 showing the relationship between the self-discharge rate and the temperature is referred to when calculating the self-discharge amount Q sd . That is, to calculate the self-discharge quantity of electricity Q sd by multiplying the standing time t sd to self-discharge rate SD at a temperature at that time. The temperature data is fetched from the temperature sensor 17.
【００５２】Ｓ４０３においては、充電量Ｑc が求めら
れる。すなわち、充電電流Ｉc を充電時間で積分し、こ
れに充電効率ηc を乗算することによって充電量Ｑc を
算出する。このときには、充電効率ηc は電池の充電状
態ＳＯＣのデータと、温度のデータとからマップ５２を
参照して得ている。電池が実際に放電できる電気容量
（標準容量）は、自己放電量に依存する。そこで、Ｓ４
０５において、公称容量Ａｈ0 から自己放電量Ｑsdを引
くことによって標準容量Ｑs 求められる。また、電池が
放電できる容量は、放電電流によって変化する。このた
め、Ｓ４０４においては、放電電流と容量の変化の関係
を示すマップ５３を参照して、前記標準容量Ｑs に容量
変化率Ｋを乗ずることによって主電池１３の有効容量が
求められる。また、Ｓ４０７では、上述の放電電流の電
流依存性を示すマップ５３を利用して、実際に利用可能
な電池の満充電容量である有効満充電容量が算出され
る。In S403, the charge amount Qc is obtained. That is, integrated by charge time the charge current I c, to calculate the amount of charge Qc is multiplied by the charging efficiency eta c thereto. At this time, the charging efficiency η c is obtained by referring to the map 52 from the data of the state of charge SOC of the battery and the data of the temperature. The electric capacity (standard capacity) that a battery can actually discharge depends on the amount of self-discharge. Therefore, S4
In 05, the standard capacity Q s is obtained by subtracting the self-discharge amount Q sd from the nominal capacity Ah 0 . Further, the dischargeable capacity of the battery changes depending on the discharge current. Therefore, in S404, the effective capacity of the main battery 13 is obtained by multiplying the standard capacity Q s by the capacity change rate K with reference to the map 53 showing the relationship between the discharge current and the capacity change. Further, in S407, the effective full charge capacity, which is the full charge capacity of the battery that can be actually used, is calculated using the map 53 showing the current dependency of the discharge current.
【００５３】残存容量Ｑr は、有効容量Ｑe に、充電さ
れた充電量Ｑc を加算し、これから放電された電流量Ｑ
d を減算することにより求められる（Ｓ４０８）。そし
て、この残存容量Ｑr を、有効満充電容量Ａｈe で割る
ことによって電池の充電状態が求められる（Ｓ４０
９）。なお、このようにして電気量積算による電池の充
電状態（ＳＯＣ）および残存容量を算出することができ
る。The remaining capacity Q r is obtained by adding the charged capacity Q c to the effective capacity Q e and discharging the current quantity Q c.
It is obtained by subtracting d (S408). Then, the remaining capacity Q r, the state of charge of the battery by dividing the effective full charge capacity Ah e determined (S40
9). In this way, the state of charge (SOC) and remaining capacity of the battery can be calculated by integrating the amount of electricity.
【００５４】そして、ここで算出されたＳＯＣと、高負
荷時残存容量算出手段２１において得られた残存容量か
ら劣化度算出手段２３において劣化度を算出し、公称容
量を劣化度をによって補正し、Ｓ４０７の有効満充電容
量算出を行うことにより、正確なＳＯＣ算出を行うこと
ができる。Then, the degree of deterioration is calculated by the deterioration degree calculating means 23 from the SOC calculated here and the remaining capacity obtained by the high load remaining capacity calculating means 21, and the nominal capacity is corrected by the deterioration degree, Accurate SOC calculation can be performed by performing the effective full charge capacity calculation in S407.
【００５５】[0055]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明に係る電池残存容
量計においては、常時算出を行えるが電池の劣化の影響
が大きく誤差の累積が生じやすい電気量積算方式の欠点
と、電池の劣化の影響が小さく精度が良いが常時算出の
行えない残存容量測定方法の欠点を共に解消できる。す
なわち、本発明においては、電池の残存容量は電気量積
算方式により常に表示されるので、運転者は電池の残存
容量を常時知覚することができ、この一方で、所定のタ
イミングでこの電気量積算方式により生ずる誤差が、電
池の劣化の影響が小さく精度の良い残存容量測定方法に
より補正されるので、常時精度の良い残存容量を得るこ
とが可能となる。As described above, in the battery remaining capacity meter according to the present invention, although the calculation can be performed at all times, the drawback of the electricity quantity integrating system, which is greatly influenced by the deterioration of the battery and error is easily accumulated, and the deterioration of the battery It is possible to solve both of the shortcomings of the remaining capacity measuring method, which has a small effect of, is good in accuracy, but cannot always be calculated. That is, in the present invention, the remaining capacity of the battery is always displayed by the electricity quantity integration method, so that the driver can always perceive the remaining capacity of the battery, while the electricity quantity integration is performed at a predetermined timing. Since the error caused by the method is corrected by the accurate remaining capacity measuring method that is less affected by the deterioration of the battery, it is possible to always obtain the remaining capacity with good accuracy.
【図１】本発明の好適な一実施例に係る電池残存容量計
の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery remaining capacity meter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】電池電圧と電流の間に良好な相関関係が存在す
ることを示すグラフである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing that there is a good correlation between battery voltage and current.
【図３】図１に示す電池残存容量計の動作の流れを示す
フローチャートである。FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation flow of the battery remaining capacity meter shown in FIG.
【図４】電池電圧と残存容量のマップの一例を示すグラ
フである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of a map of battery voltage and remaining capacity.
【図５】劣化度の算出を行うときの動作を説明するグラ
フである。FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating an operation when a deterioration degree is calculated.
【図６】電池放置後の電圧電流特性の変化を示すグラフ
である。FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in voltage-current characteristics after leaving the battery.
【図７】温度に対する電池容量の変化を示すグラフであ
る。FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes in battery capacity with temperature.
【図８】電池の劣化度を算出するときの動作を示すフロ
ーチャートである。FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an operation when calculating a deterioration degree of a battery.
【図９】電気量積算方式により生じる充電状態の誤差を
補正するときの動作を説明する図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an operation when correcting an error in a charging state caused by the electricity amount integration method.
【図１０】電気量積算方式により生じた電池の充電状態
の誤差を補正するときの動作の流れを示すフローチャー
トである。FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of operations when correcting an error in the state of charge of a battery caused by the electricity amount integration method.
【図１１】電池の充電状態を算出するときの動作の流れ
を示す図である。FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a flow of operations when calculating a state of charge of a battery.
１０ 電池残存容量計 １３ 主電池 １５ 電圧計 １６ 電流計 １７ 温度センサ １８ 電気量積算手段 １９ Ｖ−Ｉ特性算出手段 ２０ ＳＯＣ算出手段 ２１ 高負荷時残存容量算出手段 ２３ 劣化度算出手段 ２５ 有効データ判定手段 ２７ 補正手段 10 Battery Remaining Capacity Meter 13 Main Battery 15 Voltmeter 16 Ammeter 17 Temperature Sensor 18 Electricity Accumulating Means 19 VI Characteristic Calculating Means 20 SOC Calculating Means 21 High Load Remaining Capacity Calculating Means 23 Deterioration Degree Calculating Means 25 Effective Data Judgment Means 27 Correction means
Claims (4)
て、 電池の放電電流を検出する電流検出手段と、 この電流検出手段で検出された放電電流の変化状態を検
出する変化状態検出手段と、 電池の放電時における放電電圧を検出する電圧検出手段
と、 前記電流検出手段および変化状態検出手段の検出結果よ
り、放電電流が所定値以上であり、かつ放電電流が増加
しているという条件が満足されているか否かを判定する
条件判定手段と、 この条件判定手段により前記条件が満足されていると判
定された時に、そのときの電流および電圧と、予め設け
られている放電電流および放電電圧に対する残存容量を
示すマップに基づいて高負荷時残存容量を算出する高負
荷時残存容量検出手段と、 満充電時から放電された電気量を積算することにより使
用中の電池の充電状態を算出する充電状態検出手段と、 前記高負荷時残存容量検出手段により算出された高負荷
時残存容量と、前記充電状態検出手段により算出された
充電状態から該電池の満充電状態の電池容量を推定する
電池容量算出手段と、 算出された電池容量と公称容量とを比較することによ
り、該電池の劣化度を算出する劣化度算出手段と、 を含むことを特徴とする電池残存容量計。1. A battery remaining capacity meter for an electric vehicle, comprising current detection means for detecting a discharge current of a battery, and change state detection means for detecting a change state of the discharge current detected by the current detection means. The voltage detection means for detecting the discharge voltage at the time of discharging the battery, and the detection results of the current detection means and the change state detection means indicate that the discharge current is equal to or more than a predetermined value and the discharge current is increased. Condition determining means for determining whether or not it is satisfied, and current and voltage at that time, discharge current and discharge voltage provided in advance when the condition determining means determines that the condition is satisfied Used by accumulating the amount of electricity discharged from the time of full charge and the high load remaining capacity detection means that calculates the remaining capacity at high load based on the map showing the remaining capacity The state of charge of the battery is calculated from the state of charge detecting means for calculating the state of charge of the battery, the state of charge under high load calculated by the state of charge detecting means for high load, and the state of charge calculated by the state of charge detecting means of the battery. A battery capacity calculating means for estimating a battery capacity in a state of charge; and a deterioration degree calculating means for calculating a deterioration degree of the battery by comparing the calculated battery capacity with a nominal capacity. Battery capacity meter.
て、更に、劣化度算出手段によって算出された劣化度に
基づいて前記充電状態検出手段で検出された充電状態を
補正する補正手段を含むことを特徴とする電池残存容量
計。2. The battery remaining capacity meter according to claim 1, further comprising correction means for correcting the charge state detected by the charge state detection means based on the deterioration degree calculated by the deterioration degree calculation means. Battery residual capacity meter characterized by.
おいて、前記劣化度算出手段は、前記使用中の電池の充
電状態が８０％〜２０％のときの電池の充電状態と高負
荷時残存容量とを用いて電池の劣化度を算出することを
特徴とする電池残存容量計。3. The battery remaining capacity meter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the deterioration degree calculating unit is in a state of high load and a state of charge of the battery when the state of charge of the battery in use is 80% to 20%. A battery remaining capacity meter characterized by calculating the degree of deterioration of a battery using the remaining capacity.
存容量計において、電池の劣化度が一定とみなせる所定
の短期間中における高負荷時残存容量の変化状態に基づ
いて前記充電状態検出手段の検出結果を補正する補正手
段を含むことを特徴とする電池残存容量計。4. The battery state-of-charge meter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the state of charge is based on a state of change of the state-of-charge at high load during a predetermined short period in which the degree of deterioration of the battery can be regarded as constant. A battery remaining capacity meter comprising a correction means for correcting the detection result of the detection means.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4214406A JP3006298B2 (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1992-08-11 | Battery remaining capacity meter |
| US08/089,105 US5539318A (en) | 1992-07-16 | 1993-07-12 | Residual capacity meter for electric car battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4214406A JP3006298B2 (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1992-08-11 | Battery remaining capacity meter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0659003A true JPH0659003A (en) | 1994-03-04 |
| JP3006298B2 JP3006298B2 (en) | 2000-02-07 |
Family
ID=16655268
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4214406A Expired - Fee Related JP3006298B2 (en) | 1992-07-16 | 1992-08-11 | Battery remaining capacity meter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3006298B2 (en) |
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| US5680050A (en) * | 1994-03-07 | 1997-10-21 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Battery condition detection method |
| JP2001157369A (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2001-06-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Battery charge / discharge control method |
| KR20020054812A (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-08 | 이계안 | A compensation method of battery soc for electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle |
| KR20030089901A (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-11-28 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Main battery current calibration method of electric vehicle |
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| JP2006517655A (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2006-07-27 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | Method and apparatus for predicting vehicle start capability |
| JP2008170196A (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-24 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Battery capacity management device |
| WO2008132857A1 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2008-11-06 | Panasonic Ev Energy Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for detecting charged state of electric storage device |
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