JPH0667462A - Manufacture of toner composition - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a method for economically and simply producing a toner composition having a toner fine particle low in fusing temp. and high in glossiness. CONSTITUTION: The toner fine particle is obtained by dissolving a polymer such as a polyester introduced from a bisphenol-fumaric acid and a pigment such as HELIOGEN BLUETM in an organic solvent, dispersing the solution in an aq. solution containing a surfactant such as polyethylene nonylphenyl ether and dodecyl sodium sulfate, removing the solvent while stirring, dispersing the mixture in an aq. solution containing a surfactant such as MIRAPOLTM to homogenize, heating and drying.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to toner processes, and more particularly to a microsuspension process in the manufacture of toner compositions. In the examples, the present invention is directed to the economical manufacture of toners without utilizing known milling and / or classification methods, where toners having an average volume diameter of about 3 to about 21 microns are used. Can be obtained. The resulting toner can be selected for known electroprinting imaging and printing methods, including color methods and lithographic printing methods. In an embodiment, the present invention involves homogenizing microsuspended particles having a volume diameter of about 0.05 to about 2 microns, including a resin and a pigment in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant, and then determining an average particle volume diameter. Agglomerating the colored particles described above by heating to form a toner that is about 3 to about 21 microns. In yet another embodiment, the invention provides about 5 to about 80 wt% polyester, polyacrylate, polystyrene-butadiene,
Or polymethacrylate and about 1 to about 10 wt% HE
LIOGEN BLUE ^TM or HOSTAPERM P
Dissolving a pigment such as INK ^™ in an organic solvent such as methylene chloride or ethyl acetate; an aqueous solution containing a surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, and the resulting mixture. Is dispersed, thereby providing about 0.05-
Removing the organic solvent by obtaining suspended particles with a volume diameter of about 2 microns; stirring and optionally heating at about 25 to about 60 ° C; about 500 to about 4
Homogenizing the mixture at 000 times per minute; and aggregating the colored particles by heating to form a toner having an average particle size of about 3 to about 7 microns. Intended for in situ methods. In yet another embodiment, the present invention comprises homogenizing microsuspended particles having a volume diameter of about 0.05 to about 2 microns, including a resin and a pigment in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant, and It is directed to a method comprising aggregating the aforementioned colored particles by heating to produce a toner having an average particle volume diameter of about 3 to about 7 microns.
In yet another embodiment, the invention comprises dissolving about 5 to about 80 weight percent of a polymeric resin such as polyester, polyacrylate or polymethacrylate in an organic solvent such as methylene chloride or ethyl acetate;
The resulting mixture is dispersed in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, whereby the volume diameter is about 0.
Obtaining suspended particles of from 0 to about 2 microns; removing organic solvent by stirring and optionally heating at about 25 to about 60 ° C; about 1 to about 10% by weight
HELIOGEN BLUE ^™ or HOSTAPE
Adding a pigment such as RM PINK ^™ and homogenizing the mixture at about 500 to about 4000 times per minute; thereafter to generate a toner having an average particle size of about 3 to about 7 microns. And aggregating the pigments and suspended particles by heating. This aforementioned toner is especially used for developing color images with excellent linear and solid resolution,
In this case, the background stain is virtually absent.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a color electronic copying method, particularly a color electronic copying method for forming a pictorial image, it is about 50 to about 8 as measured by a Gardner gloss meter.
High glossiness of 0 gloss unit is highly desired. In addition, toners that fix on paper at low fusing temperatures, such as about 125 to about 150 ° C., are desired for extended fuser life and reduced energy consumption. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of high gloss and low fusing temperature described above,
It would be beneficial to utilize a conventional toner containing polyester as the resin binder. However, methods for obtaining conventional toners and generally conventional toners generally require the use of expensive milling and cumbersome classification methods, especially when a small size of about 3 to about 7 microns is desired. The method of the present invention is directed to the economical production of toners, including, for example, polyester resins, without the use of known milling and grinding methods, wherein the toner has an average volume diameter of about 3 to about 7 microns. Can be obtained. Further, with the toners of the present invention, high gloss values of about 50 to about 80 gloss units as measured by a Gardner gloss meter and low fusing temperatures of about 125 to about 150 ° C. are obtained in the examples.

US Pat. No. 4,996,127 shows a related particle toner of secondary particles comprising primary particles of a polymer having acidic or basic polar groups and a colorant. The polymer selected for this toner in this patent can be made by an emulsion polymerization method. See, for example, columns 4 and 5 of said patent. In column 7 of said patent, this toner was prepared by mixing an emulsion of a polymer having acidic or basic polar groups obtained by emulsion polymerization with the required amount of colorant and optional charge additives. Has been shown to be possible. Further, this method involves the preparation of emulsion-added resins such as those obtained from styrene, ethyl acrylate and the like, where it is believed that polyesters cannot be effectively obtained. Furthermore, as indicated in the patent section above, this pigment is added together with the emulsion particles. Also, as shown in column 9, lines 50-55,
A polar monomer such as acrylic acid in the emulsion resin is required and toner production cannot be obtained without the use of acrylic acid polar groups, for example, as seen in Comparative Example 1. The method of the present invention does not utilize polar acidic groups, and
The toner can be made of polyester resin without the polar acidic groups. U.S. Pat.No. 4,983,488 describes the polymerization of a polymerizable monomer dispersed by emulsification in the presence of a colorant and / or magnetic powder to produce a major resin component and then a liquid after coagulation. A method of making a toner is disclosed in which the resulting polymerized liquid is condensed such that the particles therein have a preferred diameter for the toner. Column 9 of this patent states
It has been shown that 1-100, preferably 3-70, agglomerated particles are obtained. This method is therefore directed to emulsion type resins and their monomers and coagulants must be used. The method of the present invention can provide additive resins and polyester resins used in pictorial image or color applications having low fusing temperatures and high gloss. Similarly, the aforementioned drawbacks are disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,797,339, which discloses a method for producing a toner by resin emulsion polymerization and spray drying, and a method for producing a copolymer of styrene and butadiene by a specific suspension polymerization. Found in other prior art such as U.S. Pat. In particular, this patent discloses a microsuspension polymer process in which a resin, preferably a polyester, and a solvent are microsuspended to a volume diameter of about 0.05 to about 1 micron and then a coulter counter. Agglomerates to toner size particles with a volume diameter of about 3 to about 7 microns, measured at a low fixing temperature of about 125 to about 150 ° C. and a high gloss of about 50 to about 80 gloss units as measured by a Gardner gloss device. Indicates the degree.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a toner method which has many of the advantages shown herein.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a convenient and economical method for the direct production of monochrome and color toner compositions.

[0006]

The above objects of the present invention have been achieved in the examples by the preparation of toner and the method thereof. In one embodiment of the present invention, an emulsifying, suspending and aggregating method provided an economical direct method for producing toner.

In the examples, the present invention begins with a microsuspension size of, for example, about 0.00 as measured by a Brookhavehaven Nanosizer for polymers.
Achieving 5 to about 1 micron, followed by a Coulter Counter measurement, for example, an average volume particle size of about 1 to
A method of making a polymer and toner comprising aggregating with pigments to provide toner particles having a preselected desired size average particle size of about 15 microns. An example of one method of the present invention for obtaining in-reactor toners is to dissolve a polymer such as polyester in an organic solvent; the resulting solution in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants. The mixture, optionally heated, to remove the organic solvent, for example by stirring and propoxylated bisphenol A and fumaric acid by melt esterification (generally Dow as SPAR II ^™). -Available from Chemical Company, Inc.) and microsuspended particles containing polyesters as derived from; then emulsification resulting in dispersions of pigments in water containing ionic surfactants. Adding to the suspension; and heating to agglomerate the polymer and pigment, whereby an average particle size of about 1 to about 100 microns, preferably about 3 to about 11 microns. Providing toner particles having a diameter, including. Another exemplary method of the present invention for obtaining in-reactor toner is to dissolve a polymer such as polyester and a pigment such as HOSTAPERM PINK ^™ in an organic solvent; a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants. Dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous medium containing; for example, to remove the organic solvent, stirring this mixture, which is optionally heated, and subjecting the mixture to propoxylated bisphenol A and fumara by melt esterification. Enabling microsuspended particles containing polyesters as derived from acids; then adding an ionic surfactant to the resulting emulsion suspension; and heating the polymer and pigment And agglomerate, whereby about 1 to
Providing toner particles having an average particle volume diameter of about 100 microns, preferably about 3 to about 11 microns.

In an embodiment, the method of the present invention comprises (a)
Poly (propoxylated bisphenol A) available from Dow Chemical Company as SPAR II ^™ to provide a 30 wt% polyester resin solution in organic solvent.
-Dissolving a polyester such as fumarate) and an organic solvent such as methylene chloride; (b) about 1.0 to about 1.5 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Dispersing the solvent mixture in an aqueous solution containing from about 1 to about 1.5 wt% polyethylene oxide-nonyl phenyl ether (available from Rhone-Poulenac as ANTARX897 ^™ ), a Brinkman homogenizer ( A high shear device such as a Brinkmann homoginizer), about 10,000 times per minute and about 240 to about 72
Use for 0 seconds, in an aqueous mixture, with a diameter of about 0.05-measured by Brockhevan Nanosizer.
About 20 to about 25 weight percent microsuspended polyester particle mixture, which is about 0.1 micron; and (c)
About 0.5 to about 0.75% by weight of the toner product dispersed in an aqueous solution containing an ionic surfactant such as MIRAPOL ^™ (available from PolyScience).
Of a mixture containing a pigment such as HOSTAPERM PINK ^{™ to} the microsuspension and then heating the mixture to about 80 ° C. for about 360 to about 720 minutes; Cooling the mixture, washing, and drying the toner product by known methods such as a fluid bed dryer.

In an embodiment, the method of the present invention comprises dissolving a polymer and optionally a pigment in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants. Agitating the mixture, optionally with heating, to remove organic solvents, thereby obtaining suspended particles having a volume diameter of about 0.05 to about 2 microns; thereafter water and a surfactant. And homogenizing the resulting suspension with, optionally, a pigment; and then agglomerating the mixture by heating, thereby about 3 to about 21 microns when the pigment is present. To provide toner particles having an average particle diameter of.

Of the polymeric resin selected for the method of the present invention.
Examples are, for example, polyethylene-terephthalate, poly
Propylene-terephthalate, polybutylene-terephthalate
Rate, polypentylene-terephthalate, polyhexa
Len-terephthalate, polyheptalen-terephthalate
G, polyoctalene-terephthalate, polyethylene-
Sebacate, polypropylene-sebacate, polybutyle
-Sebacate, polyethylene-adipate, polypro
Pyrene-adipate, polybutylene-adipate, poly
Pentylene-adipate, polyhexalene-adipate
G, polyheptalen-adipate, polyoctalene-a
Zipate, polyethylene-glutarate, polypropylene
-Glutarate, polybutylene-glutarate, poly
Pentylene-glutarate, polyhexalene-glutare
, Polyheptalen-glutarate, polyoctalene
-Glutarate, polyethylene-pimelate, polypropylene
Pyrene-pimelate, polybutylene-pimelate, poly
Pentylene-pimelate, polyhexalene-pimele
G, polyheptalen-pimelate, poly (propoxyl
Bisphenol-fumarate), poly (propoxyl)
Bisphenol-succinate), poly (propoxy)
Bisphenol-adipate), poly (propoxy)
Bisphenol-glutarate), SPAR^TM(De
Ixy Chemical Company), BECKOSOL^TM(Lake
Hold Chemical (Reichhold Chemical), ARA
KOTE^TM(Ciba Geigy), HETRON^TM(A
Schland Chemical Co., Ltd., PARAPLEX^TM(Low
Mu & Haas), POLYLITE ^TM(Lake hold
・ Chemical company), PLASTHALL^TM(Rohm & Her
Company), CYGAL^TM(American Cyanamide),
ARMCO^TM(Armco Compotis
sites) company), ARPOL^TM(Ashland Chemical
Company), CELANEX^TM(Celanes Ing
e Eng)), RYNITE^TM(DuPont), STYP
OL^TM(Freeman Chemical Company), mixtures of these and
And like polyesters such as LEXAN
^TM(GE Plastics Company), BAYLON^TM(by
L company), MAKRORON^TM(Mobay), MERR
ON^TM(Mobay), PANITE^TM(Teijin Chemical
Company), mixtures of these and similar polycarbonates.
For example, PELLETHANE^TM(Dow Company), ES
TONE^TM(Goodyear), CYTOR^TM(Amelie
Can Cyanamide), TEXIN^TM(Mobay) V
IBRATHANE^TM(Uniroyal Chemical Company),
CONATHANE^TMLike (Conap)
Polyurethane, polystyrene, polyacrylate, poly
Methacrylate, polystyrene-butadiene, polystyrene
Len-methacrylate, polystyrene-acrylate,
Including mixtures and the like.

Many known colorants that are present in the toner and can be selected in effective amounts, such as from about 1 to about 25% by weight, preferably from about 1 to 15% by weight, are such as REGAL 330®. Carbon black; magnetite such as Mobay magnetite MO8029 ^™ , MO8060 ^™ ; Colombian magnetite; MAPICOBL
ACKS ^™ and surface treated magnetite; Pfizer
Magnetite CB4799 ^™ , CB5300 ^™ , CB
5600 ^™ , MCX6369 ^™ ; Bayer Magnetite BAYFERROX 8600 ^™ , 8610 ^™ ; Northern Pigment Magnetite NP-604 ^™ ,
NP-608 ^™ ; Magnox Magnetite TMB
-100 ^™ or TMB-104 ^™ ; and other equivalent black pigments. Known color pigments may be selected from known cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, brown, blue and mixtures thereof. Specific examples of pigments are HELIOGEN BLUE L6900 ^™ , D6
840 ^™ , D7080 ^™ , D7020 ^™ , PYLAM
OIL BLUE ^™ , PYLAM OIL YELLO
W ^™ , PIGMENT BLUE 1 ^™ (commercially available from Paul Uhlich & Company), PIGMENT VIOLET 1 ^™ , PIGM
ENT RED 48 ^™ , LEMON CHROME
YELLOW DCC 1026 ^™ , E.I. D. TOLU
IDINE RED ^™ and BON REDC ^™ (Dominion Color Corporation, Toronto, ON), NOVAperm YELLOW F
GL ^™ , HOSTAPERM PINK E ^™ (commercially available from Hoechst) and CINQUASIA MAGENTA ^™
(EI DuPont De Nemous & Company (EID
commercially available from uPont de Nemours & Company), and the like. Generally, the color pigments that can be selected are cyan, magenta or yellow pigments, and mixtures thereof.

The toner is an alkylpyridinium halide, bisulfate, US Pat. No. 3,944,493,
4,007,293, 4,079,014, 4,394,430 and toners having a charge control additive of distearyldimethylammonium methylsulfate are disclosed.
, As well as known charge additives. The contents of these disclosures are incorporated by reference in their entirety in their entirety.

Organic solvents which can be used to dissolve the resin are known and are methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, diisopropanol, butanol, ethers, dimethyl ether, diethyl. Ether, butyl ether, ethyl chloride, propyl chloride, hexane, pentane, octane, mixtures thereof and the like. The solvent is used in various effective amounts to render it soluble, for example from about 20 to about 100% by weight, which depends, for example, on the solvent selected.

In the examples, for example 0.1 to about 25 weight
% Effective amount of surfactant is, for example, polyvinyl alcohol
, Polyacrylic acid, methalose, methyl cellulose
Su, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, hydroxy
Ciethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,
Lioxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene
Lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl ether
Polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether,
Lioxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene
Sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene ester
Allyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether
Ether (IGEPAL CA-210^TM, IGEPAL
 CA-520^TM, IGEPAL CA-720^TM, I
GEPALCO-890^TM, IGEPAL CO-72
0^TM, IGEPAL CO-290^TM, IGEPAL
CO-210^TMAvailable from GAF), loan-
ANTARX 890 available from Poulin^TMOver
And ANTARX 897 ^TM, Dialkylphenoxypo
Nonionic fields such as Li (ethyleneoxy) ethanol
Surface active agents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl-
Sodium benzene sulfate, sodium dodecylnaphthalene sulfate
Lium, dialkylbenzene alkyl ammonium chloride
Ride, MIRAPOL^TM, SANIZOL^TM,these
An ionic surfactant, such as a mixture of
For example included. This surfactant is, for example, for water
Used in various effective amounts, such as about 0.1 to about 5% by weight.
Be done.

Surface additives that can be added to the toner compositions of the present invention include, for example, metal salts, metal salts of fatty acids, colloidal silica, mixtures thereof and the like, and these additives are typically about 0.1. Is present in an amount of about 1% by weight. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,590,000, 3,720,617, 3,655,374 and 3,983,045. These disclosures are incorporated in their entirety by reference. Preferred additives include zinc stearate and AEORSIL R972® available from Degussa.

The% amounts of the compositions are based on the total toner composition unless otherwise indicated.

[0017]

【Example】

Example 1 7.5 Polyester Derived from Polypropoxylated Bisphenol A-Fumaric Acid (SPAR II ^™ ) and HOSTAPERM PINK E ^™ 7.5
Micron toner was manufactured as follows.

Bisphenol A-fumaric acid (SPAR
100 grams of polyester derived from Dow Chemical Company as II ^TM is methylene chloride (250
Gram) and 1% by weight of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether (ANT-from Lorne-Poulin).
(Commercially available as ARAX 897 ^™ ) and 700 grams of an aqueous solution containing 1% by weight sodium dodecyl sulphate was dispersed in a 2 liter reaction kettle using a Brinkman homogenizer operated at 10,000 revolutions per minute for 720 seconds. The resulting mixture was then stirred for 18 hours, after which the organic solvent was removed and of the microsuspended polyester particles having an average volume particle size of about 150 nanometers measured using a Block Harven Nanosizer. It became a mixture. 1% MIRAPOL ^™ (Miranol) in a separate 200 ml container
HOSTAPERM PINK E ^™ (Hoechst Celanese Co.) was dispersed in 100 g of an aqueous solution containing a commercially available product (trade name) by a Brinkman homogenizer operated at 10,000 times per minute for 720 seconds. The dispersed pigment solution was then added to a 2 liter reaction kettle containing finely suspended polyester particles, causing flocculation of the polyester particles and pigment. This mixture is then
Dispersed using a Brinkman homogenizer operated at 10,000 times per minute for 3 minutes and then heated to 80 ° C. for 5 hours. Then the mixture is at room temperature, ie about 2
Cooled to 5 ° C., filtered and repeatedly washed with water. The wet toner cake was then fluidized in an Aeromatic AG fluid bed dryer operated at 50 ° C. for 3 hours. The dry toner particles had a volume average particle size of 7.5 microns in diameter as measured by a Coulter Counter.

Example 2 Polyester derived from bisphenol A-fumaric acid (SPAR II ^™ ) and H
A 5.1 micron toner containing OSAPERM PINK E ^™ pigment was made as follows.

Bisphenol A-fumaric acid (SPAR
100 grams of polyester derived from Dow Chemical Company as II ^TM is methylene chloride (250
2 liters containing 700 grams of an aqueous solution of 1.25 wt.% Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (commercially available from Lorne-Poulin as ANTARX 897 ^™ ) and 1 wt.% Sodium dodecyl sulfate. 1000 for 720 seconds
Dispersion was performed using a Brinkman homogenizer operated at 0 times per minute. The resulting mixture is then 18
After stirring for a period of time, the organic solvent was removed resulting in a mixture of finely suspended polyester particles having an average volume particle size of about 175 nanometers as measured using a Block Harven Nanosizer. In a separable 200 ml container, 72 g / 100 g of an aqueous solution containing 1.25% MIRAPOL ^™ (commercially available from Milanol Co.)
Using a Brinkman homogenizer operated at 10,000 times per minute for 0 seconds, 7 grams of HOSTAPERM P
INK E ^™ (Hoechst Celanese) was dispersed. This dispersed pigment solution was then added to a 2 liter reaction kettle containing the finely suspended polyester particles, causing flocculation of the polyester particles and pigment. This mixture was then dispersed using a Brinkman homogenizer operating at 10,000 times per minute for 3 minutes and then heated to 75 ° C. for 5 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, filtered and washed repeatedly with water. This wet toner cake is then used for 3 hours 50
Fluidized in an Aeromatic AG fluid bed dryer operated at ° C. The dry toner particles had a volume average particle size of 5.1 microns in diameter as measured by a Coulter Counter.

Example 3 Polyester derived from bisphenol A-fumaric acid (SPAR II ^™ ) and H
An 11 micron toner containing OSTAPERM PINK E ^™ pigment was made as follows.

Bisphenol A-fumaric acid (SPAR
II ^™ , 100 grams of polyester derived from Dow Chemical Company, and methylene chloride (250
Gram) and HOSTAPERM PINK E ^™ (Hoechst Celanese) (7 grams) for 16 hours
Ball milled. This resulting mixture is then
1.0% by weight of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether (ANTARAX 897 from Lorne-Poulin)
⁽ Commercially available as ^TM ) and 700 g of an aqueous solution containing 1% by weight of sodium dodecylsulfate were dispersed in 2 liters of reaction cattle using a Brinkman homogenizer operated at 10,000 times per minute for 720 seconds. The resulting mixture was then stirred for 18 hours, after which the organic solvent was removed to give a mixture of finely suspended colored polyester particles, with an average of about 225 nanometers measured using a Block Harven Nanosizer. The volume particle size is shown. To this mixture, then MIRAPOL
An aqueous solution of ^TM was added, causing flocculation of the colored polyester particles. This mixture was then dispersed using a Brinkman homogenizer operating at 10,000 times per minute for 3 minutes and then heated to 90 ° C. for 5 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, filtered and washed repeatedly with water. The wet toner cake was then fluidized in an Aeromatic AG fluid bed dryer operated at 50 ° C. for 3 hours. The dry toner particles had a volume average particle size of 11 microns in diameter as measured by a Coulter Counter.

Example 4 Polyester derived from bisphenol A-fumaric acid (SPAR II ^™ ) and H
A 7 micron toner containing OSAPERM PINK E ^™ pigment was prepared as follows.

Bisphenol A-fumaric acid (SPAR
II ^™ , 100 grams of polyester derived from Dow Chemical Company, and methylene chloride (250
Gram) and 7 grams of HOSTAPERM PINK
E ^™ (Hoechst Celanese) was ball milled for 16 hours. This resulting mixture is then
1.5% by weight of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether (ANTARAX 897 from Lorne-Poulin)
⁽ Commercially available as ^TM ) and 2 liters of reaction cattle containing 700 grams of an aqueous solution containing 1% by weight sodium dodecyl sulphate was dispersed using a Brinkman homogenizer operated at 10,000 times per minute for 720 seconds. then,
The resulting mixture was stirred for 18 hours, after which the organic solvent was removed to give a mixture of finely suspended colored polyester particles, with an average volume particle size of about 225 nanometers as measured using a Block Harven Nanosizer. showed that. To this mixture, then MIRAPOL ^™
Was added to cause flocculation of the colored polyester particles. This mixture is then 1 for 3 minutes
Dispersed using a Brinkman homogenizer operated at 0000 times per minute, then heated to 75 ° C. for 5 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, filtered,
Washed repeatedly with water. This wet toner cake was then subjected to Aeromatic AG operated at 50 ° C. for 3 hours.
Fluidized in a fluid bed dryer. The dry toner particles are
It had a volume average particle size of 7 microns in diameter as measured by a Coulter Counter.

Example 5 Polyester derived from bisphenol A-fumaric acid (SPAR II ^™ ) and H
A 13 micron toner containing ELIOGEN BLUE ^™ pigment was made as follows.

Bisphenol A-fumaric acid (SPAR
II ^™ , 100 grams of polyester derived from Dow Chemical Company, and methylene chloride (250
Gram) and 7 grams of HELIOGEN BLUE ^™
And (obtained from BASF) were ball milled for 16 hours. The resulting mixture was then mixed with 1.0% by weight of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (lone-
(Available as ANTARAX 897 ^{™ by} Poulin)
720 in 2 liters of reaction cattle containing 700 grams of an aqueous solution containing 1% by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Dispersion was carried out using a Brinkman homogenizer operated at 10000 times per minute. The resulting mixture was then stirred for 18 hours, after which the organic solvent was removed resulting in a mixture of finely suspended colored polyester particles, with an average volume of about 260 nanometers measured using a block Harven Nanosizer. The particle size is indicated.
An aqueous solution of MIRAPOL ^™ was then added to this mixture, causing flocculation of the colored polyester particles. This mixture was then dispersed using a Brinkman homogenizer operating at 10,000 times per minute for 3 minutes and then heated to 90 ° C. for 5 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, filtered and washed repeatedly with water. The wet toner cake was then fluidized in an Aeromatic AG fluid bed dryer operated at 50 ° C. for 3 hours. The dry toner particles had a volume average particle size of 13 microns in diameter as measured by a Coulter Counter.

In the examples, the invention provides: (1) Dissolving the polymer and pigment in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant; to remove the organic solvent. , Stirring this mixture with heating, thereby obtaining suspended particles with a volume diameter of about 0.05 to 2 microns; then, with water and a surfactant, the suspension obtained with the pigment. Homogenizing; agglomerating the mixture by heating, thereby providing toner particles having an average particle volume diameter of between about 3 and about 21 microns; ) Dissolving the polymer in an organic solvent; Dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants; stirring the mixture to remove the organic solvent, thereby about 0 .05 Obtaining suspended particles having a volume diameter of 2 microns; then homogenizing the suspension obtained with the pigment in water and a surfactant; thereafter agglomerating the suspension by heating, Depending on about 3 to about 21
Providing toner particles having an average particle volume diameter between microns, and a method of making a polymer and toner composition comprising: (3) dissolving the polymer and pigment in an organic solvent; comprising a surfactant. Dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous medium; stirring the mixture with heating to remove the organic solvent, to obtain suspended particles having a volume diameter of about 0.05 to 3 microns; Homogenizing the resulting suspension with a surfactant; then heating to agglomerate the suspension, thereby providing toner particles having an average particle volume diameter of between about 3 and about 21 microns. And a method for producing a toner composition comprising:

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor James M. Duff Canada El 5 N 2 E 8 Mississauga, Ontario Mississauga Montevideo Road 6185 (72) Inventor Grazina Kumietic-Lorino Witz Canada El 7 M 1 R 1 Burlington Parkgate Crescent 3067 (72) Inventor Raj Dee. Patel Canada L6 H3 L2 Ontario Oakville Penn Street 2051

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Dissolving the polymer and optionally the pigment in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants.
The mixture is stirred, optionally with heating, to remove the organic solvent, whereby a volume diameter of about 0.05
Obtaining ~ 2 micron suspended particles; then homogenizing the resulting suspension and optionally pigments in water and a surfactant; then heating this mixture by heating A., Thereby providing toner particles having an average particle size of between about 3 and about 21 microns when the pigment is present.