JPH067014B2 - Ice heat storage tank - Google Patents
Ice heat storage tankInfo
- Publication number
- JPH067014B2 JPH067014B2 JP16214285A JP16214285A JPH067014B2 JP H067014 B2 JPH067014 B2 JP H067014B2 JP 16214285 A JP16214285 A JP 16214285A JP 16214285 A JP16214285 A JP 16214285A JP H067014 B2 JPH067014 B2 JP H067014B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- container
- storage tank
- ice
- heat storage
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、冷凍機を稼動させて蓄熱槽内の水を冷やし、
得られた冷水と氷を利用して冷房を行なう空調システム
用の氷蓄熱槽に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention operates a refrigerator to cool water in a heat storage tank,
The present invention relates to an ice heat storage tank for an air conditioning system that uses the obtained cold water and ice for cooling.
従来の技術 夜間電力を利用して冷凍機を稼動させ、蓄熱槽内に冷水
と氷を蓄えてこれを昼間の冷房に利用する空調システム
は、既によく知られている。この空調システムにおいて
は、冷凍機からの冷媒（あるいはブライン）をパイプを
通して蓄熱槽の中に導入し、この冷媒（あるいはブライ
ン）パイプをコイル状あるいはＵ字蛇行状に配設して冷
却器とし、この冷却器を通過した冷媒（あるいはブライ
ン）が再び冷凍機に戻る蓄熱槽内冷却装置を有してい
る。この蓄熱槽内冷却装置は、蓄熱槽内に冷却器を固定
し、冷凍機からの冷媒により冷却器外表面に着氷させ、
蓄熱槽内を氷と水の共存状態とするものである。この氷
と水により蓄えられた冷熱を配管を介して空調機へ冷水
として循環させるようにしたものが当該空調システムで
ある。2. Description of the Related Art An air conditioning system in which a refrigerator is operated by using nighttime electric power, cold water and ice are stored in a heat storage tank and used for daytime cooling is well known. In this air conditioning system, the refrigerant (or brine) from the refrigerator is introduced into the heat storage tank through a pipe, and the refrigerant (or brine) pipe is arranged in a coil shape or a U-shaped meandering shape to form a cooler. There is a heat storage tank cooling device in which the refrigerant (or brine) that has passed through this cooler returns to the refrigerator. This cooling device in the heat storage tank fixes the cooler in the heat storage tank, and causes the refrigerant from the refrigerator to ice the outer surface of the cooler,
The inside of the heat storage tank is made to coexist with ice and water. The air conditioning system is configured such that the cold heat stored by the ice and water is circulated as cold water to the air conditioner through the pipe.
この空調システムでは、冷水だけでなく氷の融解潜熱も
利用しているので蓄熱槽の蓄熱容量が大となり、その結
果蓄熱槽をコンパクトなものに出来るという利点があ
る。しかしながら、従来の氷蓄熱槽では冷却器の電熱管
（冷媒あるいはブラインパイプ）の外面に氷を成長させ
ているため、氷の成長につれて熱抵抗が著しく増大し、
伝熱管内流体温度をさらに低くしなければならず冷凍機
の消費動力が増大するという問題点があった。また冷却
器に形成された氷は、一定厚さまでは定速成長するが、
２０〜３０mm厚さに達すると冷却器の冷却能力が低下す
るため氷の成長が著しく低下する。従って、製氷量を多
くするためには定期的に冷却器に付着した氷をはがす必
要があり、冷凍機をデフロストサイクル（霜取り）に切
換える等の操作を必要とし、蓄熱槽の効率が著しく低下
する欠点があった。さらに、槽内に浸漬できる伝熱管の
量をあまり多くできないため槽内水の製氷率を高めるこ
とができない。一方、槽内の伝熱管の量を多くしすぎた
り製氷率が５０％以上に高めると槽内水の流動性が悪く
なり、冷熱を取出すことができない等の問題点があっ
た。したがって従来の技術では製氷率３０％が限度であ
った。In this air conditioning system, not only cold water but also latent heat of melting of ice is used, so that the heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank is large, and as a result, there is an advantage that the heat storage tank can be made compact. However, in the conventional ice heat storage tank, since ice is grown on the outer surface of the electric heat pipe (refrigerant or brine pipe) of the cooler, the thermal resistance significantly increases as the ice grows,
There was a problem that the power consumption of the refrigerator was increased because the temperature of the fluid in the heat transfer tube had to be further lowered. In addition, the ice formed in the cooler grows at a constant thickness at a constant thickness,
When the thickness reaches 20 to 30 mm, the cooling capacity of the cooler deteriorates, so that the growth of ice significantly decreases. Therefore, in order to increase the amount of ice making, it is necessary to periodically remove the ice that has adhered to the cooler, and it is necessary to perform operations such as switching the refrigerator to the defrost cycle (defrosting), which significantly reduces the efficiency of the heat storage tank. There was a flaw. Furthermore, the amount of heat transfer tubes that can be immersed in the tank cannot be increased so much that the rate of ice making of water in the tank cannot be increased. On the other hand, if the amount of heat transfer tubes in the tank is too large or the rate of ice making is increased to 50% or more, the fluidity of water in the tank deteriorates, and there is a problem that cold heat cannot be taken out. Therefore, in the conventional technique, the ice making rate is limited to 30%.
発明が解決しようとする問題点 本発明の目的は、従来よりもコンパクトで冷凍機の消費
動力が少ない高効率の氷蓄熱槽を提供することにある。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient ice heat storage tank which is more compact than the conventional one and consumes less power for the refrigerator.
問題点を解決するための手段とその作用 本発明の前述した目的は、断熱性を有する槽内に不凍液
を収容し、不凍液で満たされた槽内に水を入れた筒状の
コンテナを挿入し、電源装置に接続した２つの電極を用
いてコンテナ内の水に通電可能とした氷蓄熱槽によって
達成される。Means for Solving Problems and Actions Thereof The above-mentioned object of the present invention is to store an antifreeze solution in a tank having an insulating property, and insert a cylindrical container containing water into the tank filled with the antifreeze solution. , An ice heat storage tank in which water in the container can be energized by using two electrodes connected to a power supply device.
コンテナ内には２つの電極を挿入するのが好適である
が、コンテナを導電材料で作り第１の電極だけをコンテ
ナ内の水中に挿入しコンテナ自体を第２の電極とするこ
とも出来る。これにより電極の構成が簡略化されコスト
ダウンとなる。It is preferable to insert two electrodes in the container, but it is also possible to make the container from a conductive material and insert only the first electrode into the water in the container to make the container itself the second electrode. This simplifies the structure of the electrode and reduces the cost.
上記の構成によれば、不凍液が冷凍機によって冷却さ
れ、コンテナ内の水を氷に変えて蓄冷することが出来
る。従来、このようなコンテナ内の水を冷却した場合に
は、過冷却現象が生じて−５℃程度まで冷えても氷を生
成しないことが知られていた。本発明では、コンテナ内
の水温が０℃以下になっても氷結しない場合には、電源
装置のスイッチをＯＮにして通電させることにより過冷
却状態を解除させ、コンテナ内に強制的に氷を生成させ
るようにした点に特徴を有する。コンテナでは通電と同
時に水全体に板状の氷が発生し引続き筒の外側から中心
に向って氷が成長するため、伝熱特性が優れており、コ
ンテナ内の水はほぼ完全に氷になる。不凍液はコンテナ
外部の隙間を通って流れるので、氷の成長による流動性
の低下もなく、冷凍機の蒸発温度を従来の氷蓄熱槽より
も高目に保持することができ、冷凍機の消費動力が少な
くて済む。コンテナは単純な筒状でよいから、蓄熱槽内
に大量のコンテナを挿入して充填密度を高め、製氷率を
高くすることが可能である。従って、蓄熱槽をさらにコ
ンパクトなものにすることが出来る。コンテナの形状は
単純であり同一形状のものを量産すればよいから、コス
ト的な問題は生じない。According to the above configuration, the antifreeze liquid is cooled by the refrigerator, and the water in the container can be changed to ice to store cold. Conventionally, it has been known that when water in such a container is cooled, a supercooling phenomenon occurs and ice is not generated even when cooled to about −5 ° C. According to the present invention, when ice does not freeze even if the water temperature in the container becomes 0 ° C. or lower, the supercooled state is released by turning on the switch of the power supply device and energizing the container to forcibly generate ice in the container. It has a feature in that it is made to do. In the container, plate-like ice is generated in the entire water at the same time as electricity is supplied, and the ice continues to grow from the outside of the cylinder toward the center, so that the heat transfer characteristics are excellent and the water in the container becomes almost completely ice. Since the antifreeze flows through the gap outside the container, there is no decrease in fluidity due to ice growth, and the evaporation temperature of the refrigerator can be kept higher than that of the conventional ice heat storage tank. Is less. Since the container may have a simple tubular shape, it is possible to insert a large amount of containers into the heat storage tank to increase the packing density and increase the ice making rate. Therefore, the heat storage tank can be made more compact. Since the shape of the container is simple and the same shape may be mass-produced, there is no cost problem.
本発明の他の特徴及び利点は、添付図面の実施例を参照
した以下の記載により明らかとなろう。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description with reference to the embodiments of the accompanying drawings.
実施例 第１図は、本発明による氷蓄熱槽１０を含む空調システ
ムの例を表わしており、氷蓄熱槽１０は断熱性を有する
槽１２内に不凍液１４が満たされている。槽１２内には
蓄冷剤として水を入れた有底筒状のコンテナ（容器）１
６が多数鉛直方向に挿入され、槽１２のカバー（図示せ
ず）に固定されている。この実施例では、不凍液１４の
回路が開放回路となっており、コンテナ１６の口部は不
凍液の液面より上方に突出している。各コンテナ内の水
中には１つの棒状電極１８が挿入され、槽内の不凍液の
流れ方向に応じて３系統に分けられスイッチ２２を介し
て電源装置２４に接続されている。導電材料で作られた
コンテナ容器１６自体が第２の電極２０を構成し、電源
装置２４のアース側に接続されている。Example FIG. 1 shows an example of an air conditioning system including an ice heat storage tank 10 according to the present invention. The ice heat storage tank 10 is filled with an antifreeze liquid 14 in a heat insulating tank 12. A container (container) 1 having a bottom and containing water as a cold storage agent in the tank 12
A large number of 6 are inserted in the vertical direction and fixed to a cover (not shown) of the tank 12. In this embodiment, the circuit of the antifreeze liquid 14 is an open circuit, and the mouth of the container 16 projects above the liquid surface of the antifreeze liquid. One rod-shaped electrode 18 is inserted into the water in each container, and is divided into three systems according to the flow direction of the antifreeze liquid in the tank and connected to the power supply device 24 via the switch 22. The container 16 itself made of a conductive material constitutes the second electrode 20 and is connected to the ground side of the power supply 24.
不凍液１４はポンプ２６の作動により冷凍機２８へと送
られ、冷却された後に槽内に戻される。冷凍機２８は圧
縮機ａ、凝縮器ｂ、膨張弁ｃ、蒸発器ｄを含んでいる。The antifreeze liquid 14 is sent to the refrigerator 28 by the operation of the pump 26, cooled, and then returned to the tank. The refrigerator 28 includes a compressor a, a condenser b, an expansion valve c, and an evaporator d.
空調システムの二次側回路には空調器３０その他の負荷
が接続され、氷蓄熱槽で冷却された不凍液がポンプ３２
により循環させられて冷却作用を行なう。An air conditioner 30 and other loads are connected to the secondary side circuit of the air conditioning system, and the antifreeze liquid cooled in the ice heat storage tank is pumped by the pump 32.
Is circulated to perform a cooling action.
本発明による氷蓄熱槽１０を含んだ空調システムは上記
のように構成されており、冷凍器２８の作用により冷却
された不凍液１４がコンテナ１６を冷却し、コンテナ１
６内の水は外側から冷却されて０℃に達すると氷結を開
始するかあるいは過冷却状態になってさらに水温が低下
する。過冷却状態になった場合は、スイッチ２２をＯＮ
にして水中に通電し過冷却状態を解除させる。これによ
りコンテナ１６内の水は氷結を開始し、やがて完全に氷
結する。コンテナ内の水が完全に氷結しても不凍液の流
動性には影響がないから、二次側への流れを開始するこ
とが出来る。The air conditioning system including the ice heat storage tank 10 according to the present invention is configured as described above, and the antifreeze liquid 14 cooled by the action of the refrigerator 28 cools the container 16 and the container 1
The water in 6 is cooled from the outside and starts to freeze when it reaches 0 ° C. or becomes supercooled and the water temperature further decreases. If it becomes supercooled, turn on the switch 22
Then, turn on the power in water to release the supercooled state. As a result, the water in the container 16 starts to freeze, and eventually freezes completely. Even if the water in the container is completely frozen, it does not affect the fluidity of the antifreeze liquid, so that the flow to the secondary side can be started.
スイッチ２２は、不凍液の流れ方向及び電気容量に応じ
て電極を複数の系統に分けてＯＮ−ＯＦＦを行なわせる
ことが望ましい。電源は交流でも直流でも利用すること
が出来る。It is desirable that the switch 22 divides the electrodes into a plurality of systems and turns them on and off according to the flow direction and the electric capacity of the antifreeze liquid. The power supply can be either AC or DC.
第２図は、不凍液１４の回路が閉回路になっていて、水
を入れた多数のコンテナ１６が槽１２の底部より下方ま
で延伸している実施例を表わしている。各コンテナ１６
内には２個の棒状電極４０，４２が挿入されている。変
形例として、コンテナ１６の下方に水槽４４を配置し、
各コンテナの底部を水槽４４に接続させて連通させるこ
とも出来る。このような連通水槽４４を設けると、コン
テナ内の水面の高さを一定にできるので、各コンテナ内
の水の量を調節する必要がなくなるという利点がある。FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the circuit of the antifreeze liquid 14 is a closed circuit, and a large number of containers 16 containing water extend below the bottom of the tank 12. Each container 16
Two rod-shaped electrodes 40 and 42 are inserted therein. As a modification, the water tank 44 is arranged below the container 16,
It is also possible to connect the bottom of each container to the water tank 44 for communication. By providing such a communication water tank 44, the height of the water surface in the container can be made constant, and there is an advantage that it is not necessary to adjust the amount of water in each container.
第２図の例では、二次側回路に熱交換器４６が挿入され
ており、ポンプ４８の作動により空調機３０側には水が
循環するように構成されている。In the example of FIG. 2, the heat exchanger 46 is inserted in the secondary side circuit, and water is circulated to the air conditioner 30 side by the operation of the pump 48.
一般に蓄熱槽は建物の地下に設置されており、夜間に運
転されるものであるから、コンテナ内で過冷却現象が生
じているかどうかを確認するのは容易でない。従って、
コンテナ内又は不凍液の水温をセンサーで検出し、水温
が０℃以下になった時はコンテナ内の水は過冷却状態に
あるものと考え、自動的にスイッチ２２を断続的にＯＮ
−ＯＦＦ作動させるようにして自動制御を行なうことが
好ましい。Generally, the heat storage tank is installed in the basement of the building and is operated at night, so it is not easy to confirm whether the supercooling phenomenon occurs in the container. Therefore,
The temperature of the water in the container or the antifreeze is detected by a sensor, and when the water temperature falls below 0 ° C, the water in the container is considered to be in a supercooled state, and the switch 22 is automatically turned on and off.
It is preferable to carry out automatic control by operating in the OFF state.
本発明による氷蓄熱槽を実際の建物に適用した場合の効
果は次のようになる。延床面積１００００m2で冷房最大
負荷が３００冷凍トンの建物に蓄熱槽を設置し、冷凍機
容量を１５０冷凍トンに減らすとすると、蓄熱槽の所要
容積は次のようになる。The effects obtained when the ice heat storage tank according to the present invention is applied to an actual building are as follows. If a heat storage tank is installed in a building with a total floor area of 10,000 m 2 and a maximum cooling load of 300 refrigeration tons and the refrigerator capacity is reduced to 150 refrigeration tons, the required volume of the heat storage tank is as follows.
１）氷蓄熱槽で製氷率６０％（本発明） ５４m3 ２）氷蓄熱槽で製氷率３０％（従来） １００m3 ３）水蓄熱槽の場合 ６００m3 容積５４m3の氷蓄熱槽を設置した場合の冷凍機の年間運
転費は、蓄熱槽なしの場合を１００として、製氷率３０
％（従来）の場合で８６％、製氷率６０％（本発明）の
場合で７５％となる。これは夜間の安い電気料金を利用
できるためである。1) Ice storage rate 60% in the ice storage tank (invention) 54 m 3 2) Ice storage rate 30% in the ice storage tank (conventional) 100 m 3 3) Water storage tank 600 m 3 Volume 54 m 3 ice storage tank was installed The annual operating cost of the refrigerator in this case is 100 without the heat storage tank, and the ice making rate is 30.
% (Conventional) is 86%, and ice making rate is 60% (present invention) is 75%. This is because the cheap electricity charges at night can be used.
発明の効果 以上詳細に説明した如く、本発明によれば従来よりも製
氷率を高めることができるので、氷蓄熱槽がコンパクト
になり、周囲に逃げる熱量が減少するので効率が高めら
れる。槽内液は常に流動性を保持しているので、冷凍機
の蒸発温度を従来よりも高目に保持することができ、冷
凍機の消費動力が減少する等、その作用効果には極めて
顕著なものがある。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the ice making rate can be increased more than before, so that the ice heat storage tank becomes compact and the amount of heat escaping to the surroundings is reduced, so that the efficiency is improved. Since the liquid in the tank always maintains fluidity, it is possible to keep the evaporation temperature of the refrigerator higher than before, and the power consumption of the refrigerator is reduced. There is something.
第１図は本発明による氷蓄熱槽を含んだ空調システムの
系統図、第２図は空調システム及び氷蓄熱槽の他の実施
例を表わす系統図である。 １０……氷蓄熱槽、１２……槽 １４……不凍液、１６……コンテナ １８，２０……電極、２４……電源装置 ２８……冷凍機、３０……空調機FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an air conditioning system including an ice heat storage tank according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing another embodiment of the air conditioning system and the ice heat storage tank. 10 ... Ice heat storage tank, 12 ... Tank 14 ... Antifreeze, 16 ... Container 18, 20 ... Electrode, 24 ... Power supply 28 ... Refrigerator, 30 ... Air conditioner
Claims (3)
凍液で満たされた槽内に水を入れた筒状のコンテナを挿
入し、電源装置に接続した２つの電極を用いて前記コン
テナ内の水に通電可能としたことを特徴とする氷蓄熱
槽。1. A container having an antifreezing liquid contained in a container having heat insulation properties, a cylindrical container filled with water is inserted into the container filled with the antifreezing liquid, and the container is formed by using two electrodes connected to a power supply device. An ice heat storage tank characterized in that the water inside can be energized.
されている特許請求の範囲第１項記載の氷蓄熱槽。2. The ice heat storage tank according to claim 1, wherein two electrodes are inserted into the water in the container.
電極がコンテナ内の水中に挿入され、第２の電極がコン
テナ自体である特許請求の範囲第１項記載の氷蓄熱槽。3. The ice heat storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the container is made of a conductive material, the first electrode is inserted into water in the container, and the second electrode is the container itself.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16214285A JPH067014B2 (en) | 1985-07-24 | 1985-07-24 | Ice heat storage tank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16214285A JPH067014B2 (en) | 1985-07-24 | 1985-07-24 | Ice heat storage tank |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6226432A JPS6226432A (en) | 1987-02-04 |
| JPH067014B2 true JPH067014B2 (en) | 1994-01-26 |
Family
ID=15748831
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16214285A Expired - Fee Related JPH067014B2 (en) | 1985-07-24 | 1985-07-24 | Ice heat storage tank |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH067014B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5464947B2 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2014-04-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Thermal storage control method for ice thermal storage unit |
-
1985
- 1985-07-24 JP JP16214285A patent/JPH067014B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6226432A (en) | 1987-02-04 |
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