JPH0680400B2 - Explosive work method and equipment therefor - Google Patents
Explosive work method and equipment thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0680400B2 JPH0680400B2 JP2318212A JP31821290A JPH0680400B2 JP H0680400 B2 JPH0680400 B2 JP H0680400B2 JP 2318212 A JP2318212 A JP 2318212A JP 31821290 A JP31821290 A JP 31821290A JP H0680400 B2 JPH0680400 B2 JP H0680400B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- explosion
- explosive
- vibration
- explosives
- shock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011359 shock absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、爆薬の爆発により発生する地盤振動を低減さ
せた爆発作業方法及びそのための装置に関するものであ
る。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an explosive work method and a device therefor in which ground vibration caused by the explosion of explosives is reduced.
爆薬の爆発を利用した金属材料の圧着、硬化、難成形性
物質の成形、難焼結性物質の焼結、新物質を合成、種々
の化学反応等（以下本明細書では総括的に材料の処理と
いう）が各方面で行われてきているが、爆薬の爆発によ
る騒音や振動あるいは飛散物の被害が発生する恐れがあ
るため、人間の居住している区域でこれらの作業をオー
プンの状態で行うことは危害防止上好ましいことではな
い。Pressure bonding of metal materials using explosives of explosives, hardening, molding of hard-to-form materials, sintering of hard-to-sinter materials, synthesis of new materials, various chemical reactions, etc. However, there is a risk of noise, vibration, or damage to scattered objects caused by the explosion of explosives, so these operations should be performed in an open area in the area where humans live. Doing this is not preferable in terms of preventing harm.
オープンで爆発作業を行う場合に危害を避けるもっとも
簡単な方法は、周囲の人間の居住していない山間部等に
作業場を設けることが、長区間の道路工事、電気設備工
事等が必要となり経済的でない。The easiest way to avoid harm when performing explosive work in an open area is to set up a work site in a mountainous area, etc. where surrounding humans do not live, because it requires long-distance road construction, electrical equipment construction, etc. Not.
また、爆発の規模が大きくなると、爆発による騒音や振
動は気象条件、地形等により場合によっては数10km離れ
た場所まで伝わることがある。さらには、作業場周囲に
生息する動植物への被害も懸念され、こうした被害を発
生させる恐れがない場所を作業場として確保するのは地
理的、経済的に極めて困難である。In addition, when the scale of the explosion becomes large, noise and vibration due to the explosion may be transmitted up to several tens of kilometers away depending on weather conditions, topography, etc. Furthermore, there is concern about damage to plants and animals that inhabit the surroundings of the workplace, and it is extremely difficult geographically and economically to secure a place that does not cause such damage as a workplace.
このような理由で、比較的大量の爆薬を使用した作業を
行う場合には、爆発作業専用の爆発作業室（以下本明細
書では爆発室という）を設け、この中で爆発作業を行う
方法が一般的であり、種々の騒音減衰手段や振動低減手
段を用いた爆発作業方法や装置が提案されている。For this reason, when performing work using a relatively large amount of explosive, a method for performing an explosive work in a dedicated explosive work chamber (hereinafter referred to as the explosive chamber in this specification) is provided. Generally, an explosion work method and apparatus using various noise damping means and vibration reducing means have been proposed.
しかしながら、このような爆発室内で材料の処理を行う
場合であっても、爆薬の爆発による振動を十分に低減さ
せるのは難しい問題であり、振動公害が発生する恐れが
あった。However, even when the material is treated in such an explosion chamber, it is a difficult problem to sufficiently reduce the vibration caused by the explosion of the explosive, and there is a possibility that vibration pollution may occur.
爆発室内における爆薬の爆発による振動発生の原因は次
の２つである。その第１は、爆発によって発生する衝撃
波（爆風）が爆発室壁に入射し弾性振動となり地盤に伝
わる。特に爆薬が爆発室壁のごく近傍で爆発した場合に
は強い爆風が入射し地盤振動が発生すると同時に爆薬に
近接した壁が損傷する可能性が高い。その第２は、処理
される材料は一般的には飛散を防ぐために金属製の容器
（以下材料容器という）に収納され処理を受けるが、爆
発に伴い材料容器自体が数10〜数100m/secの速度で爆発
の進行方向へ移動する。爆発の進行方向は任意に設定で
きるが、作業性の点から上から下に向って爆発させる方
法が一般的である。従って材料容器は高速で爆発室底部
に衝突し、大きな振動を発生する。この場合にも材料容
器の衝突によって爆発室底部が損傷しやすい。There are two causes of vibrations caused by the explosion of explosives in the explosion chamber. First, the shock wave (blast) generated by the explosion enters the explosion chamber wall and becomes elastic vibration and is transmitted to the ground. In particular, when the explosive explodes in the immediate vicinity of the wall of the explosion chamber, a strong blast is incident, ground vibration occurs, and at the same time, the wall adjacent to the explosive is likely to be damaged. Secondly, the material to be processed is generally stored in a metal container (hereinafter referred to as the material container) in order to prevent scattering, and the material is processed by the explosion, but the material container itself is several tens to several hundreds m / sec. Move in the direction of explosion at the speed of. The direction of explosion can be set arbitrarily, but from the viewpoint of workability, it is common to explode from the top to the bottom. Therefore, the material container collides with the bottom of the explosion chamber at high speed and generates a large vibration. Also in this case, the bottom of the explosion chamber is easily damaged by the collision of the material containers.
このような振動を効果的に減衰させる方法として、いく
つかの方法が試みられている。例えば、爆薬、材料容
器、被処理材料等からなる爆発処理装置を、爆発室内に
渡した梁の上に乗せたり、ロープ等で吊り下げるなどの
手段により、この爆発処理装置が爆発室の中心部に位置
するようにして爆発させる方法がある。この方法では爆
発処理装置が爆発室の中心部に位置しているので、爆発
室壁との間に十分な距離があり、爆発室壁に入射する爆
風は弱まるが、爆発の都度、梁やロープ等を更新しなけ
ればならず、いずれの場合でも材料容器が高速で下方へ
飛翔して爆発室底部に衝突して大きな振動を発生すると
同時に底部を激しく損傷する。このため爆発室の底部に
は砂、水等を入れておき材料容器を砂や水に衝突させ底
部を直撃するのを防ぐ方法がとられているが、爆薬量が
多くなるに従って効果が低くなり作業性や保守管理上に
も問題が多い。Several methods have been attempted as methods for effectively damping such vibrations. For example, by placing explosive treatment equipment consisting of explosives, material containers, materials to be treated, etc. on the beams passed into the explosion chamber or hanging it with ropes, etc. There is a method to explode it so that it is located at. In this method, since the explosive treatment device is located in the center of the explosive chamber, there is a sufficient distance from the explosive chamber wall, and the blast incident on the explosive chamber wall is weakened. In any case, the material container flies downward at high speed and collides with the bottom of the explosion chamber to generate a large vibration, and at the same time, the bottom is severely damaged. For this reason, a method has been taken in which sand, water, etc. are put in the bottom of the explosion chamber to prevent the material container from colliding with sand or water and hitting the bottom directly, but the effect decreases as the explosive amount increases. There are many problems in workability and maintenance.
また、従来から鍛造機やプレス等の衝撃的な振動を発生
する機械に対して「重量とバネからなる系」による防振
対策が行われてきている。すなわち、機械を重量のある
コンクリート、金属等の架台に固定し、この架台を地盤
に対してバネ、防振ゴム、空気バネ、木材等により弾性
支持する方法が用いられてきており、その効果はよく知
られている。この方法では、機械（振動源）から発生し
た振動は架台に伝達されるが、架台の重量が十分に大き
いため、架台の移動速度は小さくなる。さらに、架台を
弾性支持している弾性支持体が衝撃絶縁の役割を果たし
地盤に伝わる振動は大幅に低減される。この方法を爆薬
の爆発による振動の低減に応用した例として、特公昭58
−18493号公報には、爆発室全体を地盤に対して弾性支
持する方法が開示されている。この方法においては、爆
発室全体が「重量」の役割を果たしている。しかしなが
ら、この方法は、少薬量の爆発に対しては有効である
が、爆薬量の増加に伴って爆発室を大型化すると爆発室
の重量が非常に大きなものとなり、それを支える弾性支
持装置も大型化あるいは数を増やすことが必要となり、
経済的に不利となる上に、保守管理等の作業性も悪くな
る。In addition, conventionally, for a machine that generates a shocking vibration such as a forging machine or a press, anti-vibration measures have been taken by a "system consisting of weight and spring". That is, a method in which a machine is fixed to a heavy pedestal such as concrete or metal and the pedestal is elastically supported with respect to the ground by a spring, an anti-vibration rubber, an air spring, wood, etc., has been used. well known. In this method, the vibration generated from the machine (vibration source) is transmitted to the gantry, but since the gantry is sufficiently heavy, the moving speed of the gantry becomes low. Furthermore, the elastic support that elastically supports the cradle plays the role of shock insulation, and the vibration transmitted to the ground is greatly reduced. As an example of applying this method to the reduction of vibration due to the explosion of explosives, Japanese Patent Publication Sho 58
Japanese Patent No. 18493 discloses a method of elastically supporting the entire explosion chamber with respect to the ground. In this way, the entire explosion chamber plays a "weight" role. However, this method is effective for the explosion of small doses, but if the size of the explosion chamber is increased with the increase of the amount of explosives, the weight of the explosion chamber becomes very large, and the elastic support device to support it. Also needs to be large or increase in number,
Not only is it economically disadvantageous, but workability such as maintenance is also poor.
前記のように大量の爆薬の爆発による振動を低減する性
能、爆発室の耐破損性能、経済性、作業性を兼ねた爆発
作業方法は確立されていないのが実状であった。As described above, it is the actual situation that an explosion work method that combines the performance of reducing the vibration caused by the explosion of a large amount of explosive, the damage resistance of the explosion chamber, the economical efficiency, and the workability has not been established.
本発明は、従来の爆発作業方法にみられる前記問題点を
解決し、大量の爆薬の爆発により発生する地盤振動を効
果的に低減する爆発作業方法及びその方法を実施するた
めの爆発作業装置を提供することをその目的とする。The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems found in conventional explosive work methods, and provides an explosive work method and an explosive work device for implementing the method, which effectively reduces ground vibration caused by the explosion of a large amount of explosive. Its purpose is to provide.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた
結果、質量とバネからなる振動低減装置を爆発室内に設
け、さらに衝撃減衰材を併用することにより振動を効果
的に低減できる上、振動低減装置、爆発室いずれをも傷
めることなく材料の処理を行うことができることを見出
し、本発明を完成した。As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors can effectively reduce vibration by providing a vibration reducing device composed of a mass and a spring in the explosion chamber and using a shock damping material together. The inventors have completed the present invention by finding that the material can be processed without damaging the vibration reduction device or the explosion chamber.
すなわち、本発明は、爆薬の爆発による高圧を利用して
材料の処理を行うに当り、爆発室内に弾性支持体により
支持された重量の大きい架台を設け、その架台上に衝撃
減衰材を設置し、この衝撃減衰材の上に、爆薬を装着し
た、被処理材料を充填した材料容器（以下爆薬等とい
う）を載置して、爆薬を爆発させることを特徴とする爆
発作業方法、及び、弾性支持体により支持された重量の
大きい架台を設け、その架台上に衝撃減衰材を設置した
ことを特徴とする爆発作業装置である。この方法或は装
置を使用することにより経済性及び良好な作業性を維持
しつつ効果的に爆発作業に伴う振動を低減することがで
きる。That is, the present invention provides a heavy platform supported by an elastic support in the explosion chamber when the material is processed by using the high pressure caused by the explosion of explosive, and the impact damping material is installed on the platform. An explosive work method characterized by placing a material container (hereinafter referred to as explosive, etc.) in which explosives are mounted and filled with a material to be processed on the shock-damping material, and exploding the explosives, and elasticity. An explosive working device characterized in that a heavy pedestal supported by a support is provided, and a shock damping material is installed on the pedestal. By using this method or device, it is possible to effectively reduce the vibration accompanying the explosive work while maintaining the economical efficiency and the good workability.
本発明においては、まず爆発室の底部に弾性支持体によ
って支持された重量の大きい架台を設置する。この架台
上で爆薬等を爆発させると爆風及び材料容器の衝突によ
り、架台中に振動が発生し、架台から支持体を通って、
爆発室底部、地盤へと伝わるので、弾性支持体は、金属
バネ、防振ゴム、空気バネ、プラスチックス、木材等弾
性材料を適宜組合せて、全体として振動を大きく減衰で
き、架台の重量及び爆発力に堪え得る構造としなければ
ならない。支持体の材料としては、木材が振動を比較的
大きく減衰できる上、軽量で加工しやすくコストも安い
ので、支持体の材料として特に優れている。支持体の形
成、構造は、使用条件に応じて任意に設定することがで
きるが、少なくとも爆薬重量の1000倍の荷重を支持し得
る堅固なものでなければならない。その高さは爆薬等が
爆発室のほぼ中心部に位置するような高さとする。支持
体の材料として木材を使用する場合には、角材等を何層
かに積重ねた構成とすることができる。なお、木材は繊
維に対して縦方向より、横方向の方が振動を大きく減衰
できるので、繊維の横方向から振動を受けるように構成
するのがよい。In the present invention, first, a heavy platform supported by an elastic support is installed at the bottom of the explosion chamber. When explosives etc. are exploded on this platform, vibration occurs in the platform due to the collision of the blast and the material container, passing through the support from the platform,
Since it is transmitted to the bottom of the explosion chamber and the ground, the elastic support can appropriately combine elastic materials such as metal springs, anti-vibration rubber, air springs, plastics, and wood to greatly dampen the vibration as a whole. The structure must withstand the force. As a material for the support, wood is particularly excellent as a material for the support because it can relatively dampen vibrations, and is lightweight and easy to process. The formation and structure of the support can be arbitrarily set according to the use conditions, but it must be solid enough to support a load of at least 1000 times the weight of the explosive. The height should be such that explosives are located almost in the center of the explosion chamber. When wood is used as the material of the support, it may be constructed by stacking square lumber or the like in several layers. Since the vibration of the wood in the horizontal direction can be damped more than in the vertical direction with respect to the fibers, it is preferable that the wood receives the vibration from the horizontal direction of the fibers.
次に、前記支持体の上に重量のある材料で構成される架
台を乗せる。爆薬等の爆発の衝撃による架台の移動速度
を遅くし、振動を低減させるためには、架台の重量はで
きるだけ重い方が良いが、実用的には爆薬の重量の10〜
50倍とすればよい。架台の形状、断面の大きさ、厚さ等
は爆薬等の形状や爆発条件に合わせて任意に設定すれば
よい。架台の材質は金属や鉄筋コンクリート等密度の大
きい材料を選べばよいが、架台は爆風や材料容器の衝突
による衝撃を最も受けやすいので、望ましくは鉄等の比
較的靱性と硬度の大きい材質を使用するのがよい。ま
た、鉄筋コンクリート等の比較的廉価な材料で主要部を
構成し、上面に鉄板等を取付けたような構成を取ること
もできる。Next, a mount made of a heavy material is placed on the support. In order to slow down the movement speed of the gantry and reduce the vibration due to the impact of the explosion of explosives, the weight of the gantry should be as heavy as possible.
It should be 50 times. The shape of the frame, the size of the cross section, the thickness, etc. may be arbitrarily set according to the shape of the explosive and the explosion conditions. The material of the frame may be metal or reinforced concrete, which has a high density, but the frame is most likely to be impacted by the blast or the collision of the material container, so it is desirable to use a material with relatively high toughness and hardness such as iron. Is good. Further, it is also possible to adopt a structure in which a main part is made of a relatively inexpensive material such as reinforced concrete and an iron plate or the like is attached to the upper surface.
さらに、衝撃の減衰効果を高めるため、架台上に衝撃減
衰材を載せ、その上で爆薬等を爆発させる。架台は爆薬
等に最も近いため、爆風や、下方に向って移動する材料
容器の衝撃によって強い衝撃を受ける。このような衝撃
を繰り返し受けていると衝撃による硬化と疲労により短
時間の内に架台に亀裂が発生する。衝撃減衰材は、自ら
が変形、破壊、周囲への飛散などにより、材料容器の運
動エネルギーと爆風のエネルギーを低減するので、爆風
を弱めるとともに材料容器の衝撃速度を下げ、架台の寿
命を大幅に延ばすことができる。衝撃減衰材の材料とし
ては、金属等の硬質材料、塩ビやポリエチレン等のプラ
スチックス類、木材、ゴム等の軟質材料、及び、粘板岩
や凝灰岩等の岩石、コンクリート、ガラス、無機材料を
焼固めて作った陶磁器やアルミナ等のセラミックス、煉
瓦等に代表される脆性材料などを使用することができ、
望ましくは圧縮強度が50〜1500kg/cm2、特に好ましくは
100〜500kg/cm2、脆性度（圧縮強度／引っ張り強度）が
５〜30であるものを使用するのがよい。すなわち、破壊
された衝撃減衰材の破片が、細かく、多数できる程、ま
た、飛散の度合が大きい程、前記エネルギーの低減効果
が大きい。具体的には、金属は、一般的に、強度が高く
脆性度が低いために、脆性物質のようには、破壊、飛散
は、し難いが、変形により衝撃を減衰させる効果があ
る。プラスチックス類、木材、ゴムも脆性度は低いの
で、飛散する破片は比較的大きいが、金属に比べて強度
が低いので、爆発時に速やかに、破壊、飛散を起しやす
く、金属に比べると架台の寿命は延びる。これらに対
し、岩石、コンクリート、セラミックス、煉瓦等に代表
される脆性材料は、爆発時に速やかに、破壊、飛散を起
しやすい上に、飛散する破片が非常に細かいため、衝撃
を減衰させる効果が高い上、爆発室の壁、底部及び架台
等を損傷させないから、それらの寿命を大幅に延ばすの
で、より好ましい材料である。また衝撃減衰材の密度が
過度に高いと周囲に飛散したときに爆発室壁を傷めやす
いので、嵩密度が0.5〜3g/ccのものが望ましい。コンク
リートは孔度の調節が比較的容易で任意の嵩密度にする
ことができる上コストが低いので衝撃減衰材として特に
優れている。衝撃減衰材の形状には特に制限はなく、架
台上面を全面覆うことができ爆風が直接架台に当らない
ようにできるものであればよい。減衰材の厚さは、厚い
方が架台の傷みを少なくすることができるが、好ましく
は減衰材全部の重量が爆薬重量の20％以上となるような
厚さにするのがよい。Furthermore, in order to enhance the shock damping effect, a shock damping material is placed on the pedestal, and explosives and the like are exploded on it. Since the gantry is closest to explosives and the like, it receives a strong impact from the blast and the impact of the material container moving downward. If such a shock is repeatedly applied, the cradle will crack in a short time due to hardening and fatigue due to the shock. The shock-damping material reduces the kinetic energy of the material container and the energy of the blast by itself deforming, breaking, scattering to the surroundings, etc., so it weakens the blast and reduces the impact speed of the material container, greatly extending the life of the gantry. It can be postponed. As the material of the impact damping material, hard materials such as metals, plastics such as vinyl chloride and polyethylene, soft materials such as wood and rubber, rocks such as slate and tuff, concrete, glass and inorganic materials are hardened and solidified. Made of ceramics, ceramics such as alumina, brittle materials typified by bricks, etc. can be used,
Desirably a compressive strength of 50 to 1500 kg / cm 2 , particularly preferably
It is preferable to use one having 100 to 500 kg / cm 2 and brittleness (compressive strength / tensile strength) of 5 to 30. That is, the smaller the number of broken pieces of the shock-damping material that are destroyed and the greater the degree of scattering, the greater the effect of reducing the energy. Specifically, since metals are generally high in strength and low in brittleness, they are difficult to break or scatter like brittle substances, but they have an effect of dampening impact by deformation. Since plastics, wood, and rubber are also low in brittleness, the scattered fragments are relatively large, but their strength is lower than that of metal, so they easily break and scatter quickly when exploded, making it a pedestal compared to metal. Has a longer life. On the other hand, brittle materials typified by rock, concrete, ceramics, bricks, etc. are prone to breakage and scattering quickly at the time of explosion, and since the scattered fragments are very small, they have the effect of damping the impact. It is a more preferable material because it is expensive and does not damage the wall, bottom and pedestal of the explosion chamber, thereby prolonging their lifespan significantly. Further, if the density of the shock-damping material is excessively high, the wall of the explosion chamber tends to be damaged when it is scattered around, so that the bulk density is preferably 0.5 to 3 g / cc. Concrete is particularly excellent as a shock-damping material because it is relatively easy to control the porosity, can have an arbitrary bulk density, and is low in cost. The shape of the shock-damping material is not particularly limited as long as it can cover the entire top surface of the pedestal and prevent the blast from directly hitting the pedestal. As for the thickness of the damping material, the thicker it is, the more damage to the gantry can be reduced, but it is preferable that the thickness of the damping material is 20% or more of the weight of the explosive.
なお、本発明でいう爆薬等は、被処理材料の形状や爆薬
の種類等により適宜調製すればよいが、粉末材料を処理
する場合には、被処理材料を適当な材料容器に入れ、こ
れをプラスチックス等の円筒形のケースに収め、材料容
器と外側ケースとの間に爆薬を装填するなどの方法を取
ることができる。The explosive and the like referred to in the present invention may be appropriately prepared depending on the shape of the material to be treated, the type of explosive, etc., but when treating the powder material, put the material to be treated in an appropriate material container, For example, it can be stored in a cylindrical case such as plastics and charged with explosive between the material container and the outer case.
次に、実施例、比較例により本発明をさらに具体的に説
明する。Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
（実施例１） 第１図は、本発明の爆発作業装置の一実施例を示す縦断
面図である。爆発室１は巾1,200mm、高さ2,000mmの出入
口３が設けられている厚さ25mmの鋼板（SS41製）からな
る容器であり、中央部は直接6m、長さ2mの円筒状であ
り、上下端はそれぞれ半径3mの半球状で、その周囲は最
小厚さ500mmの鉄筋コンクリート２で取囲んである。(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing an embodiment of an explosion work device of the present invention. The explosion chamber 1 is a container made of a 25 mm thick steel plate (made of SS41) provided with an entrance 3 having a width of 1,200 mm and a height of 2,000 mm, and the central portion is a cylindrical shape having a direct length of 6 m and a length of 2 m, The upper and lower ends are hemispherical with a radius of 3 m, respectively, and are surrounded by reinforced concrete 2 with a minimum thickness of 500 mm.
爆発室底部に断面が200mm□で長さが1,200mmのとど松の
角材を、横６列、縦10段に積み上げて高さ2,000mm、断
面1,200mm□の角柱状の支持体４を構成した。Square pine wood with a cross section of 200 mm □ and a length of 1,200 mm is piled in 6 rows and 10 columns to form a prismatic support 4 with a height of 2,000 mm and a cross section of 1,200 mm □ at the bottom of the explosion chamber. did.
次に支持体４の上面に1,200mm□、厚さ25mmの鉄板を敷
き、その上面中央部に直径600mm、高さ1,000mmの円柱形
で、重量約2,200kgの鉄製の架台６を置いた。次に、こ
の架台６の上に衝撃減衰材７として600mm□、厚さ100mm
の四角形の軽量コンクリート板（嵩密度約1.6g/cm3、圧
縮強度約200kg/cm2、引っ張り強度約15kg/cm2）を乗せ
架台全面を覆った。軽量コンクリートの全重量は約60kg
であった。この衝撃減衰材の上に、硝安を主成分とする
爆薬と重量約20kgの材料容器からなる爆薬等８を設置し
て爆発させ、所定位置（爆発室より100m及び300m離れた
場所）における地盤の振動速度を測定した。結果を表１
に示す。Next, an iron plate having a thickness of 1,200 mm □ and a thickness of 25 mm was laid on the upper surface of the support body 4, and a steel frame 6 having a diameter of 600 mm and a height of 1,000 mm and having a weight of about 2,200 kg was placed at the center of the upper surface. Next, 600mm □ and 100mm thick as the shock absorbing material 7 on this stand 6.
The square lightweight concrete board (bulk density of about 1.6 g / cm 3 , compressive strength of about 200 kg / cm 2 , tensile strength of about 15 kg / cm 2 ) was placed on the entire surface of the pedestal. The total weight of lightweight concrete is about 60 kg
Met. On this shock-attenuating material, an explosive mainly composed of ammonium nitrate and an explosive 8 composed of a material container with a weight of about 20 kg is installed and exploded, and the ground at a predetermined position (100 m and 300 m away from the explosion chamber) The vibration speed was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
Shown in.
一般に人体に感知できる振動は、0.03cm/s以上で、0.1c
m/s程度以上になると苦情が出ると言われているが、本
発明による爆発作業装置を使用した場合、薬量が80kgに
なっても爆発室から100m離れた場所で0.07cm/sになって
おり、爆発振動の低減は十分達せられていることがわか
る。また、80kgの爆薬の爆発を100回以上繰り返し行っ
たあとでも、架台、支持体とも全く傷んでいなかった。
なお、表１中の実施例NO.1の300m地点における振動速度
は小さく、振動計で測定できなかった。 Generally, the vibration that can be sensed by the human body is 0.1c at 0.03cm / s or more.
It is said that complaints will come out when it becomes about m / s or more, but when the explosive working device according to the present invention is used, even if the dose becomes 80 kg, it will be 0.07 cm / s at a place 100 m away from the explosion chamber. Therefore, it can be seen that the reduction of explosion vibration has been sufficiently achieved. In addition, even after the explosion of 80 kg of explosives was repeated 100 times or more, neither the mount nor the support was damaged at all.
The vibration speed at 300 m of Example No. 1 in Table 1 was too small to be measured by a vibrometer.
（実施例２） 衝撃減衰材７として600mm□、厚さ11mmのネオプレンゴ
ムの板（嵩密度約1.50g/cm3、圧縮強度約100kg/cm2、引
っ張り強度約100kg/cm2）を９枚重ねたものを用いた以
外は実施例１と同じ方法で、80kgの爆薬を装備した爆薬
等を爆発させ、実施例１と同じ位置で地盤の振動速度を
測定した。振動速度は実施例１と同じであったが、架台
上面に材料容器が衝突したとみられる窪みがついてい
た。Example 2 Nine pieces of 600 mm square and 11 mm thick neoprene rubber plates (bulk density of about 1.50 g / cm 3 , compressive strength of about 100 kg / cm 2 , tensile strength of about 100 kg / cm 2 ) were used as the impact damping material 7. The same procedure as in Example 1 was used except that the explosives equipped with 80 kg of explosives were exploded, and the vibration velocity of the ground was measured at the same position as in Example 1. The vibration speed was the same as that in Example 1, but there was a depression on the upper surface of the cradle, which was considered to have collided with the material container.
（比較例１） 衝撃減衰材を使用せず、架台上に直接爆薬等を置いた以
外は実施例と同じ方法で薬量45kgの爆薬等を爆発させ、
実施例と同じ位置で地盤の振動速度を測定した結果、振
動速度は実施例に比べて両地点とも１〜２割増加した。
さらに、爆発作業を11回行った時点で架台上面に大きな
亀裂が発生し、爆発作業を継続できなくなった。(Comparative Example 1) An explosive having a dose of 45 kg was exploded in the same manner as in the Example except that the shock-damping material was not used and the explosive was directly placed on the base.
As a result of measuring the vibration velocity of the ground at the same position as in the example, the vibration velocity increased by 10 to 20% at both points as compared with the example.
Furthermore, when 11 explosions were performed, a large crack was generated on the top surface of the gantry, and the explosions could not be continued.
岩盤中に敷き幅約5m、高さ3.5mのアーチ状のトンネルを
掘り、天井、側壁及び床面を鉄板で覆い爆発作業場を構
成した。この爆発作業場の断面の中心部に位置するよう
に、硝安を主成分とする爆薬6.4kgと、重量約2kgの材料
容器からなる爆薬等を天井部からロープで吊り下げ設置
した。また、床部には深さ20cmの水を溜めておいた。こ
の状態で爆発作業を行ったところ、爆風により水が吹飛
ばされ材料容器が高速で床面の鉄板に衝突して貫通し、
岩盤を破砕し、孔が生じた。さらに、爆発作業を重ねる
と岩盤の孔が拡大しトンネルを支持している鉄枠が沈下
する恐れが生じ、作業を中止した。地盤の振動速度は10
0m離れた地点で0.03cm/sであった。An explosion tunnel was constructed by digging an arch-shaped tunnel with a width of 5 m and a height of 3.5 m in the bedrock and covering the ceiling, side walls and floor with iron plates. An explosive of 6.4 kg containing ammonium nitrate as a main component and an explosive consisting of a material container weighing about 2 kg were suspended from the ceiling by ropes so as to be located at the center of the cross section of the explosion work site. In addition, water with a depth of 20 cm was stored on the floor. When an explosive work was performed in this state, water was blown away by the blast and the material container collided with the iron plate on the floor surface at high speed and penetrated,
The bedrock was crushed and a hole was created. Furthermore, as the explosion work was repeated, the holes in the rock mass expanded and the iron frame supporting the tunnel could sink. The ground vibration speed is 10
It was 0.03 cm / s at a distance of 0 m.
本発明によれば、大量の爆薬を爆発室内で爆発させた場
合でも、爆発室の爆発振動低減装置を破損することな
く、周囲へ伝わる地盤振動を効果的に低減することがで
きる。According to the present invention, even when a large amount of explosive is exploded in the explosion chamber, the ground vibration transmitted to the surroundings can be effectively reduced without damaging the explosion vibration reduction device in the explosion chamber.
衝撃減衰材は爆発作業毎に取り換えなければならない
が、軽量であるとともにコンクリートのような比較的廉
価な材料が使えるので、作業性も良い上、経済的であ
る。さらに構造が簡単なので保守管理も容易である。The shock-damping material must be replaced after each explosive work, but since it is lightweight and a relatively inexpensive material such as concrete can be used, it has good workability and is economical. Furthermore, since the structure is simple, maintenance management is also easy.
また、本発明による爆発振動低減装置は爆発室内に設置
する場合のみでなく、オープンの状態での爆発において
も、騒音や飛散物の問題を別にすれば、振動に対しては
爆発室内と同じ振動低減効果が得られることはいうまで
もない。Further, the explosion vibration reduction device according to the present invention is not limited to the case where it is installed in the explosion chamber, but the vibration is the same as that in the explosion chamber, except for noise and scattered matter, even when the explosion occurs in an open state. It goes without saying that a reduction effect can be obtained.
第１図は本発明の爆発作業装置の一実施例を示す縦断側
面図である。 １……爆発室、２……鉄筋コンクリート、３……出入
口、４……支持体、５……鉄板、６……架台、７……衝
撃減衰材、８……爆薬等（被処理材料、材料容器等を含
む）FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional side view showing an embodiment of an explosion work device of the present invention. 1 ... Explosion chamber, 2 ... Reinforced concrete, 3 ... Entrance / exit, 4 ... Support, 5 ... Iron plate, 6 ... Stand, 7 ... Impact damping material, 8 ... Explosive, etc. (Including containers)
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 吉田 正典 茨城県つくば市東１丁目１番地 工業技術 院化学技術研究所内 (72)発明者 角舘 洋三 茨城県つくば市東１丁目１番地 工業技術 院化学技術研究所内 (72)発明者 薄葉 州 茨城県つくば市東１丁目１番地 工業技術 院化学技術研究所内 (72)発明者 山脇 浩 茨城県つくば市東１丁目１番地 工業技術 院化学技術研究所内 (72)発明者 藤原 茂 栃木県栃木市国府町１番地 三井鉱山株式 会社中央研究所内 (72)発明者 成田 恭一郎 栃木県栃木市国府町１番地 三井鉱山株式 会社中央研究所内 審査官 神崎 潔 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masanori Yoshida, 1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (72) Inventor, Yozo Kakudate, 1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki Institute of Chemical Technology In-house (72) Inventor, Hashiha Province, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Institute of Chemical Technology, Institute of Industrial Technology (72) Inventor Hiroshi Yamawaki 1-1-chome, East, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Institute of Chemical Technology (72) Inventor Shigeru Fujiwara 1 Kokufucho, Tochigi City, Tochigi Central Research Institute, Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Kyoichiro Narita 1 Kokufucho, Tochigi City, Tochigi Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd. Central Researcher Kiyoshi Kizaki
Claims (2)
理を行うに当り、爆発室内に弾性支持体により支持され
た重量の大きい架台を設け、その架台上に衝撃減衰材を
設置し、この衝撃減衰材の上に、爆薬を装着した、被処
理材料を充填した材料容器を載置して、爆薬を爆発させ
ることを特徴とする爆発作業方法。1. When processing a material using high pressure due to the explosion of explosives, a heavy platform supported by an elastic support is provided in the explosion chamber, and a shock damping material is installed on the platform. An explosive working method, characterized in that a material container filled with a material to be treated, having explosives mounted thereon, is placed on the shock-damping material to explode the explosives.
架台を設け、その架台上に衝撃減衰材を設置したことを
特徴とする爆発作業装置。2. An explosive working apparatus characterized in that a heavy platform supported by an elastic support is provided, and a shock damping material is installed on the platform.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2318212A JPH0680400B2 (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1990-11-26 | Explosive work method and equipment therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2318212A JPH0680400B2 (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1990-11-26 | Explosive work method and equipment therefor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04190100A JPH04190100A (en) | 1992-07-08 |
| JPH0680400B2 true JPH0680400B2 (en) | 1994-10-12 |
Family
ID=18096683
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2318212A Expired - Lifetime JPH0680400B2 (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1990-11-26 | Explosive work method and equipment therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0680400B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116689944B (en) * | 2023-07-25 | 2025-09-16 | 池州市长江岩土爆破工程有限公司 | Vacuum explosion welding production workshop |
-
1990
- 1990-11-26 JP JP2318212A patent/JPH0680400B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04190100A (en) | 1992-07-08 |
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