JPH0692844B2 - Pneumatic solar heat collection roof - Google Patents

Description

Description: [Object of the Invention] (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a pneumatic solar heat collecting roof, and more particularly, to an air solar heat collecting apparatus in which the roof itself is an air heat collecting device. Regarding the roof.

(Prior Art) Recently, a solar house has been developed that can use solar energy as an energy source for heating, hot water supply, and the like.
In such a solar house, there are one that uses air as a heat medium and one that uses a liquid such as water. Of these, it is said that the one using air has more advantages from the viewpoint of water leakage and maintenance.

By the way, in a solar house that uses air as a heat medium, a heat collecting device is usually installed on the roof surface, and it is assumed that the heat collecting device is installed on the roof. , It is roughly divided into a roof and an integrated heat collecting device. For example, JP-A-58-198
The one disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 649 adopts the former method, in which a plurality of heat collector support frames are fixed on a base plate in a direction orthogonal to the inclination direction of the roof, and fixed standard dimensions are set on these support frames. Multiple heat collector units made in 1 are arranged along the slope of the roof, and these units are connected in series. Then, the upper surface of the base plate is covered with a roof material such as a roof tile or a waterproof material on the surface where the heat collecting unit is not placed.

However, if a plurality of small heat collector units with constant dimensions are installed on the roof surface that has already been completed, it is difficult to effectively use the entire roof surface, and the heat collector is installed in the ridge or eaves. Inevitably, there will be some parts where the unit cannot be placed. For this reason, it was difficult to maximize the effective use of the roof surface and increase the amount of absorbed energy. In order to solve such a problem, it is possible to cut the heat collector unit to fit the size of the roof by cutting a part of the heat collector unit. Since it is installed, it is practically impossible to cut it and reuse it.
Further, as described above, since the roof structure is made up of the portion where the heat collecting unit is placed and the portion covered with the roof material, there is a problem that the appearance is impaired. Furthermore, the method of connecting a plurality of small collector units has a problem that the work becomes complicated when actually installed on the roof surface, resulting in an increase in cost.

On the other hand, the one disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-4816 is
The latter is adopted, and a bottom board is placed on the lower surface of the rafter, and the recess surrounded by the rafter and the bottom board is effectively used to construct a heat collecting device with a roof.

However, with this type of structure, there is a problem that air leakage tends to occur because the ventilation path is formed by wooden rafters and field boards that tend to bend or twist. In order to prevent such air leakage, it is possible to incorporate a heat-resistant sealing material or the like, but this assembling work is very troublesome. Since it is necessary to perform all the work including these works on site, quality control is difficult, and it is difficult to assemble a highly reliable roof-integrated heat collector, and there is a problem that the cost is high. there were.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As described above, the conventional roof structure impairs the aesthetics, cannot effectively use the roof surface for collecting heat, is poor in workability, and is reliable as a roof and a heat collecting device. There was a problem that it was poor in nature and caused higher costs.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic solar heat collecting roof that can solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and can achieve higher efficiency.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving Problems) In the present invention, basically, a roof-integrated heat collecting device structure is adopted. However, it is not the conventional method of using rafters or ground boards, but a prefabricated air-type heat collector unit is installed in a preset heat collection area at the roof position of the building. A structure is used in which multiple heat collector units are fixed to the structure of a building by arranging a plurality of them side by side in a direction orthogonal to the direction of inclination of the roof surface that constitutes the roof structure itself in the area. The heat collector unit is composed of a continuous long grooved steel plate having a length substantially equal to the length of the heat collecting region in the roof surface inclination direction and end steel plates closing both end openings of the grooved steel plate. A case made of a steel plate arranged in the heat collecting area upward, a heat insulating material housed in the case, and a heat collecting plate arranged on the heat insulating material along the extending direction of the case, A transparent film that is arranged above the heat collecting plate so as to close the upper opening of the case and forms a ventilation path along the extending direction of the case between the heat insulating material, and a direction orthogonal to the inclination direction of the roof surface. From the plurality of types of unit tempered glass sheets having different lengths in the direction of the roof surface and different lengths in the direction of inclination of the roof surface. It will be the same length as the direction Selected and combined and joined together, a tempered glass unit arranged above the transparent film so as to cover the transparent film, a glass support mechanism for fixing the tempered glass unit to the case, and a bottom portion of the case. It is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet for flowing air through the ventilation passage.

(Operation) As described above, the heat collector unit is installed at the roof position of the building.
A plurality of heat collection areas are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the inclination direction of the roof surface to form the roof structure itself in the heat collection area. In other words, the heat collector unit plays the role of rafters, the role of ground boards, and the role of roof tiles. For this reason, when actually constructing the roof of the heat collecting area, the heat collecting unit manufactured in the above-mentioned configuration in a factory or the like is transported to the site in advance, and this is placed in the heat collecting area at the roof position of the building. All that is required is to arrange them, fix these heat collector units to the structure of the building with the fixing mechanism, and set the waterproof mechanism. Therefore, it is possible to assemble the heat collecting roof without any processing work that involves dimension matching at the site. For this reason, not only the workability can be improved, but on-site processing is not required, so that dimensional control, strength control and quality control are easy, and not only the reliability as a roof but also the reliability as a heat collector A high heat collecting roof can be realized.

Further, in particular, since the heat collecting unit is configured as described above, it is possible to cope with heat collecting areas of various sizes without changing the design and without impairing the strength of the roof. It can also contribute to lower prices. That is, when trying to construct the roof structure itself by arranging the heat collector units, how to deal with heat collecting regions of various sizes becomes a problem. There are various sizes, such as the case where the entire roof surface is used as the heat collecting area or the case where a part of the roof surface is used as the heat collecting area. If these sizes cannot be dealt with, there is no point in uniting them and it will lead to price increases. In the present invention, the main part of the heat collecting unit is a case made of a steel plate composed of a continuous long groove-shaped steel plate and end steel plates closing both end openings, a heat insulating member, a heat collecting plate, a transparent film, and a slope of the roof surface. Select and combine multiple unit tempered glass plates from the multiple types of unit tempered glass plates that have different lengths along the direction so that the length is the same as the length of the case roof inclining direction. Since it is composed of a strengthened glass unit and a glass support mechanism that are joined together,
It is possible to easily adapt not only to the roof dimension in the direction orthogonal to the roof surface inclination direction but also to the roof dimension in the roof surface inclination direction.

That is, by setting the width dimension of the heat collector unit to a narrow and constant dimension, it is possible to adapt the roof tile in the direction orthogonal to the inclination direction to the normal roof tile and the identification degree. On the other hand, the roof size in the sloping direction can be adapted to the normal roof tile and the identification degree for the following reasons. That is, it is technically not so difficult to cut the channel steel plate, the heat insulating material, the heat collecting plate, the transparent film, the glass supporting mechanism and the like to adjust the length dimension. Therefore, a problem is how to match the longitudinal dimension of the tempered glass plate. Since it is extremely difficult to cut a tempered glass plate, in the present invention, a plurality of unit tempered glass plates are selected from a plurality of types of unit tempered glass plates having different lengths in the direction along the roof surface. The toughened glass unit is selected and combined so that it has a length equal to the length of the case in the direction of the roof's inclination.

In other words, the width dimension is a fixed dimension suitable for the collector unit, and multiple types of unit tempered glass sheets differing in length dimension are prepared in advance, and by selecting and combining these, ± With an accuracy of about 50 mm,
It can be adapted like conventional roof tiles, and can be quickly adapted to various sizes of the heat collecting region without any design change. In this case, since the case is made of a long steel plate that is groove-shaped and seamless and has a seamless structure in the longitudinal direction, continuous processing with a roll forming machine is possible, Not only does it contribute to lower prices, but it also contributes to improving the mechanical strength of the roof structure.

Embodiments Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a solar house for a house which employs a heat collecting roof according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 indicates the main body of the house, 2 and 3 indicate the heat collecting roof, and 4 indicates the ordinary roofing roof.

Each of the heat collecting roofs 2 and 3 is configured by arranging a plurality of air-type heat collector units 5 in parallel at a roof position in a direction orthogonal to the roof inclination direction. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 6, each heat collector unit 5 has a case 11 arranged on the main building 6 with the opening upward, and a case 11 arranged in the direction of the roof inclination.
A heat insulating material 12 accommodated in the heat insulating material 11, a corrugated heat collecting plate 13 arranged on the heat insulating material 12 with a mountain line extending in a direction in which the case 11 extends, and a case 11 above the heat collecting plate 13. Of the transparent film 15 which is arranged so as to close the upper opening of the heat insulating plate 12 and forms a ventilation path 14 along the mountain line of the heat collecting plate 13, and the transparent film 15 is covered above the transparent film 15. A glass plate 16 disposed in the case 11, a glass support mechanism 17 for fixing the glass plate 16 to the case 11 in an airtight manner, an air introduction port 18 provided on the bottom wall of the case 11 for flowing air through an air passage 14, and an air It is composed of the outlet 19.

The case 11 has a long groove-shaped member 20 as shown in FIG.
It is composed of end plates 21a, 21b fixed to the groove-shaped member 20 by welding or screwing so as to close both ends of the groove-shaped member 20, and the above-mentioned air introduction port 18 is provided at both ends of the groove-shaped member 20. Air outlet
19 are formed. As shown in FIG. 3, the groove-shaped member 20 is formed by continuously bending a steel plate with a thickness of several mm wound in a coil shape by a roll forming machine and having a width. It is 20 to 30 cm long and has a lip groove-shaped cross-section with a lip 22 on the side, and is cut to the same length as the eaves from the building where the heat collecting unit 5 is installed. There is.

The heat insulating material 12 is made of a material such as rock wool, glass wool, and foamed plastic that is easy to cut, and
It is mounted in the case 11 so as to cover the bottom and side surfaces of the inside 11 from the inside. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, holes 23 and 24 are formed at positions facing the above-described air inlet port 18 and air outlet port 19, respectively.

The heat collecting plate 13 is composed of a corrugated plate coated with a paint that absorbs sunlight well on the surface or a corrugated plate with a selective absorption film attached to the surface. This corrugated plate reduces waste during length adjustment. To this end, a plurality of corrugated plate pieces 25 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the case 11 as shown in FIG. Of course, a long one may be cut according to the dimensions.

The transparent film 15 is a plastic film, and is airtightly stretched with heat-resistant tape or the like on the lip portion 22 and the tops of the end plates 21a and 21b so as to completely close the upper end opening of the case 11.

The glass plate 16 is a tempered glass plate, and a plurality of kinds of glass plate pieces 26 having a constant width and different lengths are provided in the longitudinal direction of the case 11 via a glass receiver and a sealing material as shown in FIG. It is a spliced one.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the glass supporting mechanism 17 has the upper surface of the lip portion 22 of the channel member 20 and the top portions of the end plates 21a and 21b after the transparent film 15 is stretched. Lower side 28 fixed by screws 27 on the above and the lower side above
A lower support member 31 composed of a vertical side 29 extending vertically upward from 28 and an upper side 30 extending horizontally from the vertical side 29 and supporting the edge portion of the glass plate 16 on the upper surface;
A packing material 32 fixed to the upper surface of 30 with an adhesive or the like, and an upper support for pressing the edge of the glass plate 16 supported by the upper side 30 via the packing material 32 from above via the packing material 33. It is composed of material 34. In addition, a loose hole 35 is formed on the upper side 30 of the lower support member 31 in order to facilitate a screw fixing operation to the case 11. Also, the upper support
34 is fixed to a part of a fixing mechanism 36, which will be described later, and is arranged at the boundary position between the heat collector units 5. The upper support member 34 is formed in a shape that can simultaneously press the glass plates 16 of the adjacent heat collector units 5,
This shape also serves as a waterproof mechanism that prevents rainwater from entering through the gaps existing between the heat collector units.

As described above, the heat collector units 5 arranged side by side on the purlin 6
Are connected to each other via a fixing mechanism 36 and are fixed to the purlin 6. As shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, a part of the fixing mechanism 36 is located between the lower support members 31 of the glass support mechanism 17 of the heat collector units 5 whose upper ends are adjacent to each other. And the fastening members 37 that are respectively engaged with the lower sides 28 of the lower supporting members 31 that are adjacent to each other, and the other end is inserted downward through the gap existing between the heat collector units 5.
And a plate nut 39 attached to a portion of the fastening member 37 projecting downward from the heat collector unit 5 through a plate washer 38.
It consists of and. The fastening member 37 includes a connecting block 40 mounted between adjacent lower support members 31, a stepped hole 41 provided in the connecting block 40, and an upper end portion of the hole 41 has a stepped portion of the hole 41. The portion which is inserted in the relationship of being locked by and which has passed through the hole 41 is composed of a connecting plate 42 which is inserted downward through the gap between the heat collector units 5. Then, the plate washer 38 and the plate nut 39 described above are connected to the connecting plate 42 while the downward tension is applied to the connecting plate 42.
It is attached to a portion projecting downward from the heat collector unit 5. Upper support member in the glass support mechanism 17
34 is fixed to the connecting block 40 with screws 43 as shown in FIG. As for the rest of the fixing mechanism 36, as shown in FIG. 9, a hole provided at one end side of the intermediate member 44 is fitted to the outer periphery of the portion of the connecting plate 42 projecting downward from the heat collector unit 5. In this state, the plate washer 38 and the plate nut 39 are mounted, and the other end of the intermediate member 44 is connected to the purlin 6 via the friction tightening mechanism 45.

As shown in FIG. 2, manifolds 46 and 47 are respectively connected to the air inlet port 18 and the air outlet port 19 on the lower surface of the plurality of heat collector units 5 arranged side by side on the roof as described above. These manifolds 46, 47 are connected to the heating system shown in FIG. This system is a damper when there is insolation.
By opening 48 and rotating the fan 49, the inside of each heat collector unit 5 ~ heat storage tank 50 filled with crushed stones ~ duct 51
The air is circulated through the path, and heat is stored in the heat storage tank 50 by this circulation. When heating at the same time, dampers 52, 5
Open 3 and rotate fan 54. And
When heating at night, damper 48 is closed, damper 5
Open 2,53 and rotate fan 54 to heat storage tank 50 ~
Air is circulated in a path from the fan 54 to the room to the heat storage tank 50. In FIG. 10, reference numeral 55 indicates an auxiliary heat source used when solar radiation cannot be expected for several days, and 56 indicates a fan driven when the above auxiliary heat source is used.

With such a structure, the sunlight is absorbed by each collector unit 5
Of the glass plate 16 and the transparent film 15 of the heat collecting plate 13
When hit, the heat collecting plate 13 absorbs solar energy and the temperature rises. Therefore, at this time, the fans and dampers are controlled to flow air through the ventilation passages 14 in each heat collector unit 5 to heat the interior of the room or to store the heat energy required for heating in the heat storage tank 50. The function as a solar house can be demonstrated.

In addition, since the above-mentioned roof structure is particularly adopted in this embodiment, the roof surface can be effectively utilized, the workability can be improved, the reliability of the roof can be improved, and the roof can be reduced without lowering the aesthetics of the roof. Cost reduction can be realized. That is,
In order to realize these, a heat collecting roof structure with an integrated roof is used.
Moreover, it is desirable to install a plurality of unitized heat collectors in parallel, which are easy to manufacture in a factory or the like. However, in order to realize this, the problem is how to adapt the size of the collector unit to various roof sizes. In particular, since a non-cuttable tempered glass plate is incorporated at the top of the heat collector unit, it cannot be realized unless the dimensional compatibility of this tempered glass plate is solved. In this embodiment, the width dimension of the heat collector unit 5 is reduced. Therefore, it can be adapted to the width of the roof to the extent that ordinary roof tiles are adapted. Further, the most problematic point when adapting the size of the roof in the inclination direction is how to adapt the size of the tempered glass plate as described above. In this embodiment, the heat collector unit 5 is used. The glass plate 16 to be incorporated in is not a single glass plate, but a plurality of glass plate pieces 26 are spliced in the longitudinal direction of the case 11. Therefore, glass plate pieces 26 having a plurality of types of lengths are prepared in advance. All that needs to be done is that the dimensions can be adjusted to the same extent as regular roof tiles.
For example, the width is constant and only the length is 900mm, 950mm, 1000mm, 1
By preparing only seven kinds of glass plate pieces 26 different from 050 mm, 1200 mm, 1300 mm, and 1350 mm, by combining these, it is possible to correspond to a length of 2 m or more with an accuracy of ± 50 mm. For example, two glass plates of 1300mm can be combined to support 2600mm, and two glass plates of 1300mm can be used to support 3650mm.
It may be combined with one piece of 1050 mm glass plate. 50 mm
Since the following length adjustment is not possible even with a normal roof tile, it means that the size can be adjusted to practically any size. In this way, the size of the heat collector unit 5 can be easily adapted to the size of the roof, so that the heat collecting structure of the roof integrated type can be realized, the aesthetic problem can be solved, and the roof surface can be effectively utilized. It can be designed and the heat collector unit 5
Can be manufactured in factories, etc. As a result, not only high quality and high efficiency but also easy construction and low cost can be realized.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, as a fixing mechanism for connecting the heat collector units 5 or fixing the heat collecting unit 5 to the structure of the building, as shown in FIG. 11, the lower side 28 of the lower supporting member 31 of the glass supporting mechanism 17 is provided at the upper end.
Two plate members 62 each having a hook portion 61 that engages with each other are back-to-back inserted into the gap between the collector units 5, and the plate washer 38 is attached to a portion of the plate members 62 protruding downward by the collector unit 5. The fixing mechanism 36a to which the plate nut 39 is attached may be used. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, instead of the plate nut, a channel-shaped pad member 68 is applied to the lower surface of the plate washer 38, and a hole 69 provided in the pad member 68 and a loose plate provided in the connecting plate 42. Holes 70 and bolts
Alternatively, the fixing mechanism 36b in which 71 is inserted and the pad 68 is fixed to the connecting plate 42 by the bolt 71 may be used. Further, as the upper support member of the glass support mechanism 17,
As shown in FIG. 11, an upper support member 34a may be used which is fixed to the corresponding lower support member 31 by screws 63 independently for each collector unit. Similarly, the waterproof mechanism is made of synthetic resin as shown in FIG.
A waterproof material 64 that is press-fitted and fixed between the adjacent glass support mechanisms 17 may be used. In addition, case 11
The cross-sectional shape of the groove-shaped member constituting is not limited to the lip groove shape, but may be the groove-shaped shape having a high structural strength as well as the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. Further, a reinforcing member may be additionally provided so as to include both side portions in the width direction of the case 11 when the distance between the structures of the building for fixing the heat collector unit is long. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the heat collector unit 5
Are directly arranged on the structure of the building, but they may be arranged on the ground board or on the concrete slab. Further, as the plate washers of the fixing mechanisms 36, 36a, 36b, those having a spring function may be used. Further, the present invention is not limited to a building for a house,
It can be applied to gymnasiums, assembly halls, and other buildings in general, and can be applied to any structure such as wooden, rebar, or steel frame. In addition, the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the gist thereof.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the roof surface can be effectively used for collecting heat without impairing the appearance, and the collector unit can be manufactured in advance in a factory. Since it does not require on-site processing, it not only improves workability, but also facilitates dimensional control, strength control and quality control. In addition, it improves reliability as a roof and as a heat collector, and reduces cost. It is possible to provide a pneumatic solar heat collecting roof that can contribute to higher efficiency.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a solar house employing a heat collecting roof according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a heat collecting unit taken along line AA in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a channel member that constitutes the case of the collector unit,
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the case, FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing a part of a main part of the heat collector unit, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the heat collector unit, Fig. 7 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the heat collector unit, Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a fixing mechanism that fixes the heat collector unit, and Fig. 9 is a part of the fixing mechanism. Fig. 10 is a side view showing the same, Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a heating system provided in a solar house, Fig. 11 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the fixing mechanism, and Fig. 12 is a further modification of the fixing mechanism. It is a figure for explaining an example. 1… House body, 2, 3… Heat collection roof, 5… Heat collector unit, 6…
Purlin, 11… Case, 12… Insulation, 13… Heat collecting plate, 14… Ventilation path, 1
5 ... Transparent film, 16 ... Glass plate, 17 ... Glass support mechanism, 18
… Air inlet, 19… Air outlet, 20… Channel member, 21a, 21b…
End plate, 25 ... Corrugated plate piece, 26 ... Glass plate piece, 36, 36a, 36b ... Fixing mechanism, 64 ... Waterproof material.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Hideaki Kobayashi, Hideaki Kobayashi, 1-6-6, Sugawada Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Toshiba Housing Industry Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-61-24747 (JP, A) -96253 (JP, U) Actual development Sho 51-35747 (JP, U) Japanese Patent Sho 56-4816 (JP, B2)

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of pneumatic type roof constructions of the heat collecting area, which are arranged at a roof position of a building in a heat collecting area set in advance in a direction orthogonal to an inclination direction of the roof surface. A heat collecting unit; a fixing mechanism that fixes these heat collecting units to the structure of the building; and a waterproof mechanism that prevents rainwater from entering between the heat collecting units, the heat collecting unit Is a continuous long groove-shaped steel sheet having a length substantially equal to the length of the heat collecting area in the direction of the roof surface and an end steel plate that closes both end openings of the groove-shaped steel sheet, and the opening portion is located above the heat collecting portion. A case made of a steel plate arranged in the region, a heat insulating material housed in the case, a heat collecting plate arranged on the heat insulating material along the extending direction of the case, and above the heat collecting plate. Arranged to close the upper opening of the case A transparent film that forms a ventilation path along the direction in which the case extends between the heat insulating material, and the length is the same in the direction orthogonal to the tilt direction of the roof surface, and in the tilt direction of the roof surface. From multiple types of unit tempered glass plates with different lengths along the direction, select and combine multiple unit tempered glass plates so that they have the same length as the roof surface tilt direction of the case. Together,
A tempered glass unit arranged above the transparent film so as to cover the transparent film, a glass support mechanism for fixing these tempered glass units to the case, and air provided through the ventilation passage provided at the bottom of the case. An air-type solar heat collecting roof characterized by comprising an air inlet and an air outlet for flowing. 2. The fixing mechanism has an engaging portion on one end side that engages with a part of the glass supporting mechanism of the adjacent heat collecting unit, and the other end side is a gap between the heat collecting units. Through which the fastening member is inserted downward, an intermediate member having a hole at one end side that fits into a portion of the fastening member projecting downward from the heat collector unit, and the heat collector of the fastening member. A plate nut that is attached to a portion protruding downward from the unit and integrally tightens the intermediate member and the adjacent heat collector unit with the fastening member, and the other end of the intermediate member is tightened to the structure of the building. Claim 1 characterized in that it is configured with a fixing mechanism.
Pneumatic solar heat collection roof described in paragraph. 3. The waterproof mechanism is also used as a part of the glass supporting mechanism of the adjacent heat collecting unit and is fixed to the fixing mechanism. The air type solar heat collecting roof according to the item 1.