JPH0696134B2 - Vortex centrifuge - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a vortex type centrifugal separator for separating various mixed fluids into two kinds of fluids having different specific gravities.

(Prior Art) Generally, there is a centrifuge as a separator for separating a mixed fluid composed of two kinds of gases into gases having different specific gravities, such as uranium enrichment. In this centrifuge, as shown in FIG. 7, a suction pipe (b) is introduced from the upper portion of a high-speed rotatable cylinder (a), and a first discharge port ( c) is formed, and a second discharge port (d) is formed in the upper part around the suction pipe (b).
A partition wall (e) is provided in the cylindrical body (a). Therefore, when the cylindrical body (a) is rotated at a high speed and the mixed fluid is introduced into the cylindrical body (a) through the suction pipe (b), the mixed fluid is rotated and centrifugal force acts to centrifugally move in the radial direction. A pressure gradient is created which balances the force and circulates as shown by the arrow in FIG. Then, the fluid containing molecules with a large specific gravity gathers on the peripheral surface of the cylindrical body (a), and the fluid containing molecules with a small specific gravity gathers on the central portion of the cylindrical body (a), and the fluid with a small specific gravity is discharged to the first discharge port ( From c), the fluid having a larger specific gravity is taken out from the second discharge port (d) to separate the mixed fluid.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the above-described centrifugal separator, the centrifugal force causes a radial pressure gradient in the mixed fluid to circulate the mixed fluid. It is necessary to provide a partition wall (e) inside, which complicates the structure and
There is a problem that the diameter of the cylindrical body (a) becomes large and the entire apparatus becomes large. In particular, when the once separated fluid is further concentrated, the centrifugal separators shown in FIG. 7 are connected in multiple stages, and there is a problem that the size is further increased.

In addition, since the conventional centrifuge does not have a boosting function, there is a problem that a high-pressure blower is required when the separated fluid is taken out through the pipe line system with a large pressure loss.

In view of such a point, the present invention is capable of achieving a centrifugal force by transferring a fluid while spirally rotating it and separating it into fluids having different specific gravities, thereby achieving miniaturization, It is an object of the present invention to provide a structure capable of easily taking out a fluid even with a pressure loss.

(Means for Solving Problems) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the means taken by the present invention is as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 1, a hollow annular portion (5) that forms a main flow path (5) for a fluid is formed. A housing (3) having 31) is provided. And a plurality of blades (42) housed in the housing (3) and facing the main flow path (5),
An impeller (4) having (42), ... Is provided for separating the fluid having a large specific gravity and the fluid having a small specific gravity by spirally rotating and transporting the fluid in the main flow path (5). There is. Further, the main flow path (5) is opened to the main flow path (5).
A suction port (61a) for introducing a fluid is formed therein. In addition, a first discharge port (62a) that is on the counter-rotation side of the impeller (4) from the suction port (61a) and opens on the peripheral surface of the main flow path (5) to draw out a fluid having a large specific gravity. Are formed. In addition, the second discharge port (outside the suction port (61a) on the counter-rotation side of the impeller (4) and substantially on the central axis of the main flow path (5) for leading out a fluid having a small specific gravity ( 63
a) is formed.

(Operation) With the above configuration, in the present invention, the impeller (4) is rotated, and a fluid, for example, a mixed fluid composed of gas and liquid is introduced into the main flow path (5) from the suction port (61a). Then, in the main flow path (5), the fluid flows in the axial direction while rotating in the cross section of the main flow path (5) by the centrifugal action due to the rotation of the impeller (4), spirally swirling and discharging both. It will flow to the outlets (62a) and (63a). At that time, due to the centrifugal force due to the spiral motion, the fluid having a large specific gravity gathers on the peripheral surface side of the main channel (5) and the fluid having a small specific gravity gathers on the central axis side of the main channel (5) to be separated into two fluids. afterwards,
A fluid having a large specific gravity is discharged from the first discharge port (62a), and a fluid having a small specific gravity is discharged to the outside of the housing (3) from the second discharge port (63a).

Therefore, since the fluid is separated by the centrifugal force due to the spiral motion, a high separation coefficient can be obtained, and since it is not necessary to provide a partition wall as in the conventional case, the structure can be simplified and the apparatus can be used. The whole can be made small. Especially when the fluid once separated is further concentrated, 2
It is necessary to combine more than one step, in which case the overall shape can be made extremely compact.

Further, since it is possible to raise the pressure of the fluid in the main flow path (5), the fluid can be taken out through the adsorption layer or the purification layer having a high pressure loss, and it is not necessary to provide a high-pressure blower or the like. The structure can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.

(Example) Hereinafter, the Example of this invention is described in detail based on drawing.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, (1) is a vortex type centrifugal separator, in which the mixed fluid (2) is a fluid having a large specific gravity (2a) and a fluid having a small specific gravity (2b) by centrifugal force. It is used to concentrate uranium, etc.

The vortex type centrifugal separator (1) is configured by accommodating an impeller (4) in a housing (3), and the housing (3) has the impeller on the center side of a hollow annular portion (31). A flat portion (32) covering both end surfaces of the vehicle (4) is continuously formed. The inside of the hollow annular portion (31) forms a main channel (5) through which the fluid (2) flows, and the hollow annular portion (3) is formed.
An opening facing the impeller (4) is formed on the inner peripheral side of 1), and flat plates (32a), (32b) forming the flat portion (32) are connected to the opening edge.

The impeller (4) is configured by providing a plurality of blades (42), (42), ... On the outer peripheral surface of the tip of a hub (41) formed in a disk shape. The hub (41) is housed in the flat part (32) of the housing (3), and the drive shaft (43) is connected to the central part of the housing (3). The plate (32) passes through the flat plate (32b) on one side and is led out of the housing (3). On the other hand, the blade (42) faces the main flow path (5) from the inner peripheral side of the hollow annular portion (31), and the blade (42) is formed in a straight radial shape from the hub (41). At the same time, the meridian surface is formed in a fan shape without extending over both sides of the hub (41), and the blades (42), (42), ...
The outer peripheral surface (41a) of the hub (41) is formed in a taper in the centrifugal direction from the front surface toward the rear surface, and the outer peripheral surface (41a) constitutes a part of the peripheral surface of the main flow path (5). ing.
Then, due to the rotation of the impeller (4), the fluid (2) in the main flow channel (5) rotates in the cross section of the main flow channel (5) as shown by arrow A in FIG. While flowing in the axial direction of the main flow path (5), as shown by the arrow B in FIG. 1, it is transferred while swirling in a spiral shape, and the fluid having a large specific gravity due to the centrifugal force of this spiral motion. (2a) is separated on the peripheral surface side of the main flow path (5), and the fluid (2b) having a small specific gravity is separated on the central axis side of the main flow path (5).

Further, in the hollow annular portion (31) of the housing (3),
Suction pipe (61), first discharge pipe (62), second discharge pipe (6
3) and are connected. The suction pipe (61) has a tip portion introduced into the main flow channel (5) from the outer peripheral side of the hollow annular portion (31), and a suction port (61a) at the tip is opened in the main flow channel (5), The mixed fluid (2) is introduced into the main flow path (5) toward the impeller (4). Also, the first
The tip of the discharge pipe (62) is connected to the hollow annular portion (31) close to the suction pipe (61), and the first discharge port (62) of the tip is provided.
a) is on the counter-rotation side of the impeller (4) from the suction port (61a) and is opened on the outer peripheral surface of the main flow path (5), and the fluid (2a) having a large specific gravity is discharged to the outside of the housing (3). I try to derive it. Furthermore, the tip of the second discharge pipe (63) is introduced into the main flow path (5) from between the suction pipe (61) and the first discharge pipe (62), and the tip is a blade. The second discharge port (63a), which is slightly curved toward the counter-rotation side of the vehicle (4) and faces the transfer direction of the fluid (2), further has the second discharge port (63a) which is connected to the suction port (63a). 61a), which is on the counter-rotation side of the impeller (4) and is opened approximately on the central axis of the main flow path (5) so that the fluid (2b) having a small specific gravity is led out of the housing (3). There is.

Next, the separating operation of this vortex type centrifugal separator (1) will be described.

First, there are the following specific examples of the mixed fluid (2), which are gas and gas, liquid and liquid, solid and liquid, gas and liquid, solid and gas, and the like.

The mixed fluid (2) consisting of these two fluids (2a) and (2b) having different specific gravities is guided to the suction pipe (61) and is sucked into the suction port (61).
It is introduced into the main channel (5) from a). On the other hand, the impeller (4) is rotating by the drive of the drive shaft (43), the blade (42) rotates in the main flow path (5) in the axial direction of the main flow path (5), and the suction port ( Mixed fluid (2) flowing in from 61a)
Is rotated circumferentially within the cross section of the main flow path (5) by the centrifugal action due to the rotation of the blades (42) (see arrow A in FIG. 2), and the fluid (2) flowing out from the blades (42) is again generated. It will flow into the blade (42). Then, the fluid (2) is transferred in the axial direction of the main flow path (5) while repeating the above-mentioned rotation, and flows while spirally swirling, as shown by an arrow B in FIG. During this spiral motion, a centrifugal force acts on the mixed fluid (2), so that the fluid (2) having a large specific gravity is on the circumferential surface side of the main flow channel (5) and the fluid (2b) having a small specific gravity is ( It will be gathered on the central axis side of 5),
Moreover, both fluids (2a), as the main flow path (5) progresses,
(2b) will be clearly separated. In addition, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the dotted pattern part is a fluid (2
a) is shown.

The first discharge port (62a) opens on the outer peripheral surface of the main flow channel (5) and the second discharge port (63a) opens near the central axis of the main flow channel (5). The fluid (2a) having a larger specific gravity than 62a) and the fluid (2b) having a smaller specific gravity than the second discharge port (63a) are discharged to the outside of the housing (3). By the above operation, two fluids (2a),
It will be separated into (2b).

Therefore, the mixed fluid (2) is spirally moved in the main flow path (5) and the centrifugal action thereof causes two fluids (2a) and (2b).
Since a high separation coefficient can be obtained because it is separated into, it is not necessary to provide a partition wall (e) etc. as in the conventional case
The structure can be simplified and the size can be reduced. In particular, when the separated fluid (2a) or (2b) is further concentrated, the drive shaft (43) may be coaxial and the same centrifuge (1) may be stacked in two or three or more stages.
For example, in FIG. 2, the same centrifuge (1) is combined on the right side of the housing (3), and one discharge pipe (62) or (63) is connected to the suction pipe (61) of the other centrifuge (1). It can be extremely compact.

FIG. 3 shows another main flow path (5), in which a hollow annular portion (31) of the housing (3) is provided with a strip member (33) for partitioning the main flow path (5) into a high pressure side and a low pressure side. Is. The stripper member (33) is formed with only the guide path (33a) through which the blade (42) passes to close the inside of the hollow annular portion (31), and the suction port (one side) of the stripper member (33) is provided. 60
In a), both discharge ports (62a) and (63a) are opened on one side. Therefore, the pressurizing action of the fluid (2) is surely performed by the stripper member (33), and the fluid (2a) is taken out from the adsorption layer or the purification layer on the peripheral surface of the main channel (5) with a high pressure loss. At the same time, the fluids (2a) and (2b) can be taken out even through a path with high pressure loss, so there is no need to suck and take out the fluids (2a) and (2b) with a blower, etc. The entire device can be simplified and economical. Other configurations, functions and effects are similar to those of the previous embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows still another embodiment, in which the blade (42) in the previous embodiment is formed in a meridional fan shape, but the blade (44) is formed in a meridian rectangular shape and a hub ( 41)
The outer peripheral surface (41b) of the hub (41) is formed to be flat. Furthermore, the main flow path (5)
An annular guide member (7) is provided inside the main channel (5), and the tip of the blade (44) approaches the inside of the guide member (7) to rotate the blade (44). Is made to do. Therefore, the mixed fluid (2) corresponds to the arrow c in FIG.
As shown in Fig. 5, the fluid (2a) having a large specific gravity is spirally swirled around the guide member (7), and the fluid (2a) having a large specific gravity is applied to the peripheral surface of the hollow annular portion (31). The fluid (2b) with a small specific gravity will collect on the side. Other configurations and operational effects are similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

5 and 6 show still another embodiment, in which an internal guide plate (8) is provided in the main flow path (5) shown in FIG. The inner guide plate (8) is formed from the inner peripheral surface of the hollow annular portion (31) to the outer peripheral surface of the guide member (7),
The main channel (5) is divided into multiple spaces, and the fluid (2)
From the inflow end (8a) toward the outflow end (8b) corresponding to the spiral motion of the fluid (2). Therefore, the flow velocity of the fluid (2) in the axial direction is reduced by the internal guide plate (8), and the pressure increasing effect of the fluid (2) is exhibited. Other configurations and operational effects are similar to those shown in FIG.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the stripper member (33) shown in FIG. 3 may or may not be provided. Further, instead of providing the stripper member (33) of FIG. 3, a suction port (61a) and both discharge ports (62a),
The main flow path (5) may be narrowed between (63a) and the pressure increasing effect may be obtained. Further, it is not always necessary to provide the guide member (7).

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the vortex flow centrifugal separator of the present invention, the fluid is spirally swirled in the main flow path by the centrifugal action due to the rotation of the impeller and is transferred to the fluid having a large specific gravity. Since the fluid is separated into a fluid having a small specific gravity and is led out, the fluid is separated into two by utilizing the centrifugal force due to the spiral motion of the fluid.
Since the fluid is separated into different types of fluid, a high separation coefficient can be obtained, while it is not necessary to provide a partition wall or the like as in the conventional case, the structure can be simplified, and the entire apparatus can be downsized. In particular, when combined in multiple stages to further concentrate the separated fluid, the overall shape can be made extremely compact.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 6 show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a vortex flow type centrifugal separator, and FIG. 2 is a lateral view thereof. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a main part of a vortex flow type centrifugal separator provided with a stripper member. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a main part of a vortex flow type centrifugal separator showing another embodiment. FIG. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the main part of the vortex flow type centrifugal separator provided with an internal guide plate, and FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part. FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a conventional centrifuge. (1) …… Vortex flow centrifuge, (2), (2a), (2b)
…… Fluid, (3) …… Housing, (4) …… Impeller,
(5) …… Main flow path, (31) …… Hollow annular part, (42),
(44) …… Vane, (61a) …… Suction port, (62a) …… First
Discharge port (63a) ... Second discharge port.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A housing (3) having a hollow annular portion (31) forming a main flow path (5) for a fluid, and a plurality of sheets housed in the housing (3) and facing the main flow path (5). Impellers (42), (42), etc. for separating the fluid having a large specific gravity and the fluid having a small specific gravity from the fluid in the main flow path (5) while spirally swirling the fluid. 4)
A suction port (61a) that opens into the main flow channel (5) and introduces a fluid into the main flow channel (5); and a counter-rotation side of the impeller (4) from the suction port (61a) and the main flow. A first discharge port (62a) that is open to the peripheral surface of the passage (5) and leads out a fluid having a large specific gravity.
And a second discharge port (63a) which opens on the counter-rotation side of the impeller (4) from the suction port (61a) and substantially on the central axis of the main flow path (5) to derive a fluid having a small specific gravity. A vortex-type centrifuge characterized by comprising: