JPH0710051Y2 - Air turbo ramjet engine - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to an air turbo ramjet engine used in a space trip machine or the like.

[Prior Art] FIG. 4 shows an example of the structure of a general air turbo ramjet engine 1, in which 2 is a precooler, 3 is a hydrogen heating unit, 4 is a compressor, and 5 is the compressor 4. A turbine arranged in a ring shape on the outer periphery of the turbine and capable of transmitting drive to the moving blades 13 of the compressor 4 via a drive transmission mechanism (not shown), 6 indicates a combustion chamber.

The extremely low temperature liquid hydrogen 7 held at a high pressure is guided to the precooler 2 by a pump or the like (not shown) to be used for cooling the air 8 taken into the air turbo ramjet engine 1 and to raise the temperature of the liquid hydrogen 7 itself. To generate hydrogen gas 7 ', and further guide the hydrogen gas 7'to a hydrogen heating portion 3 formed in the engine casing 9 behind the combustion chamber 6 and exchange the heat with the combustion gas 11 flowing in the engine duct 10 to generate hydrogen gas. 7'is hydrogen gas 7 "of high temperature and high pressure (in the case of an engine not having the precooler 2, in the case of an engine not shown, the liquid hydrogen 7 directly sent by a pump not shown is used as the hydrogen heating unit 3 And high temperature and high pressure hydrogen gas 7 "). This high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 ″ is guided to the turbine drive gas inlet manifold 12, and the flow thereof drives the turbine 5. When the turbine 5 is driven, the compressor 4 is driven by a drive transmission mechanism (not shown), and air is supplied. 8 is sucked in, compressed, and flowed rearward, whereby the air 8 compressed by the compressor 4 and the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 ″ discharged from the turbine 5 are mixed and burned in the combustion chamber 6. The combustion gas 11 of high temperature and high pressure flows backward in the engine duct 10 and expands at the outlet of the rear nozzle 14 of the air turbo ramjet engine 1 to generate thrust.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in order to adopt the above-mentioned air turbo ramjet engine 1 to a device that requires high performance and high output, such as a space shuttle, a turbine driven gas inlet. It is necessary to guide the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 ″, which is introduced into the manifold 12, at a higher temperature than before, and the liquid hydrogen 7 or hydrogen is generated in the hydrogen heating unit 3 formed in the engine casing 9 as in the conventional structure described above. If the gas 7'is heated,
The heat transfer rate was small and sufficient heating could not be obtained.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and provides an air turbo ramjet engine equipped with a hydrogen heater having high heat exchange efficiency that can be used in a space trip machine, etc. Higher than before,
The purpose is to significantly improve engine performance.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention heats liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas held at high pressure with combustion gas in the rear part of the combustion chamber to obtain high-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas, and the turbine is driven by the high-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas. Driven, the air compressed by the compressor rotating by the drive of the turbine is mixed with the hydrogen gas discharged from the turbine and burned,
In an air turbo ramjet engine that expands the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas generated by combustion to generate thrust, introduces liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas into the engine duct through the engine casing and into the engine duct behind the combustion chamber. Section, a discharging section for penetrating the engine casing to introduce high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas to the outside of the engine duct, and a circular section communicating with the introducing section and the discharging section and formed in the engine duct circumferential direction. A hydrogen heating pipe is provided, a radiation plate is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the circular portion at a required interval, and a hydrogen heater is provided which supports the radiation plate in an engine casing. Is.

[Operation] Therefore, in the present invention, the liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas supplied to the introduction part of the hydrogen heating pipe is burned at all locations of the hydrogen heating pipe in the engine duct exposed to the combustion gas of extremely high temperature. It is heat-exchanged with the gas to become high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas, which is guided to the outside of the engine duct through the discharge part.
At this time, since the outer circumference of the circular portion of the hydrogen heating pipe is surrounded by the radiation plate, the heat exchange of the hydrogen heating pipe is promoted by the radiation from the radiation plate, and the hydrogen heating pipe is temporarily exchanged with the combustion gas. The phenomenon that the obtained heat is radiated to the outer peripheral side, which is the relatively low temperature side, is prevented.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention, which is the fourth embodiment described above.
In the air turbo ramjet engine 1 which is substantially similar to the embodiment shown in the drawing, liquid hydrogen 7 is passed through the engine casing 9 into the engine duct 10 behind the combustion chamber 6.
Alternatively, an introduction part 15a for introducing the hydrogen gas 7'into the engine duct 10 and a discharge part 16a for penetrating the engine casing 9 in the vicinity of the introduction part 15a to introduce the high temperature and high pressure hydrogen gas 7 "to the outside of the engine casing 9. , The introduction part 15a and the discharge part 16
Provided is a hydrogen heating pipe 18a which is connected to a and is composed of a circular portion 17a formed in the circumferential direction of the engine duct 10, and the hydrogen heating pipes 18a are arranged in a required number in close contact with each other in the axial direction of the engine duct 10. Then, the respective hydrogen heating pipes 18a are brought into contact with each other, and required portions of the contact portions are spot-welded to be integrated. At this time, the circular portions 17a of the hydrogen heating pipe 18a are aligned with each other to form a short tubular portion 19 in the axial direction of the engine duct 10, and the introduction portion 1 of the hydrogen heating pipe 18a is formed.
The positions where the 5a and the discharge part 16a penetrate the engine casing 9 are arranged so as to be shifted by 180 ° from each other so that the tubular part 19 is evenly supported from both left and right sides in FIG.

Further, the hydrogen heating pipe having the tubular portion 19 configured as described above.
A plurality of groups of 18a are continuously arranged with a required interval in the axial direction of the engine duct 10, and each required group of the hydrogen heating pipes 18a (every two groups in the illustrated example) is provided in the tubular portion 19. Circular part
A hydrogen heating pipe 18b that forms a coil portion 20 by spirally winding a plurality of turns around 17b is provided, and an introduction portion 15b and a discharge portion thereof are provided.
The engine casing 9 is penetrated from 16b in the opposite direction (vertical direction in FIGS. 1 and 2), and the coil portion 20 is supported through between the hydrogen heating pipes 18a.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, between the outer circumference of the hydrogen heating pipe 18b on the inner circumference side, that is, between the cylindrical portion 19 of the hydrogen heating pipe 18a on the outer circumference side and the coil portion 20 of the hydrogen heating pipe 18b on the inner circumference side. A cylindrical radiating plate 22 having a plurality of open portions 21 opened at required positions in the axial center thereof is extended in the axial direction of the engine duct 10 and is passed between the hydrogen heating pipes 18a on the outer peripheral side. The support member 23 supports the engine casing 9. Here, the open portion 21 is opened between the groups of hydrogen heating pipes 18a on the outer peripheral side, and the introduction portion 15b and the discharge portion 16b of the hydrogen heating pipe 18b on the inner peripheral side are passed through the open portion 21. Are arranged so that they do not interfere with each other.

Further, between the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 19 of the hydrogen heating pipe 18a on the outer peripheral side, that is, between the cylindrical portion 19 and the inner periphery of the engine casing 9, the engine casing 9 as shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. The radiation plate 24 having a curved shape along the
It is arranged so as not to interfere with the introduction part 15a and the discharge part 16a of a, and this is supported by the engine casing 9 via the support member 25. Further, the radiation plate 24, so as not to interfere with the introduction portion 15b and the discharge portion 16b of the hydrogen heating pipe 18b on the inner peripheral side,
The engine duct 10 is connected in a row in the axial direction of the engine duct 10 with a required space in between, and passes through the introduction portion 15b and the discharge portion 16b.

The radiation plate 22 and its supporting member 23 and the radiation plate 24 and its supporting member 25 described above are made of a material having high heat resistance, such as alumina.

Further, the hydrogen heating pipe 18a on the outer peripheral side and the hydrogen heating pipe 1 on the inner peripheral side are provided.
8b is connected to the outside of the engine casing 9 so that the high temperature and high pressure hydrogen gas 7 ″ passing through the hydrogen heating pipe 18a on the outer peripheral side is further guided to the hydrogen heating pipe 18b on the inner peripheral side to be high temperature and high pressure. It has become.

As described above, the hydrogen heating tubes 18a and 18b, the radiation plate 22 and
A hydrogen heater 26 is composed of 24 and the supports 23 and 25.

According to the above configuration, hydrogen gas 7'from a precooler (not shown), or liquid hydrogen 7 directly sent by a pump or the like (not shown) in the case of an engine having no precooler, is supplied to each hydrogen heating pipe 18a on the outer peripheral side. When branched and supplied to the respective introduction portions 15a, the liquid hydrogen 7 or hydrogen gas 7 '
Is a high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 ″ that has undergone sufficient heat exchange with the combustion gas 11 at all locations exposed to the extremely-high-temperature combustion gas 11 and becomes the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas. 7 ″ is once guided to the outside of the engine duct 10 via each discharge portion 16a, and then again each hydrogen heating pipe 18b on the inner peripheral side.
Is introduced into the central portion of the engine duct 10 through the respective introduction portions 15b thereof, and is further heat-exchanged with the combustion gas 11 to become hydrogen gas 7 ″ of extremely high temperature and high pressure, which is sent to a turbine (not shown) through each discharge portion 16b. .

Here, the hydrogen heating pipe 18b on the inner peripheral side has a higher holding temperature than the hydrogen heating pipe 18a on the outer peripheral side, and the hydrogen heating pipe 18a on the outer peripheral side is
Has a higher temperature than the inner circumference of the engine casing 9,
Although a non-uniform temperature distribution is inevitably generated, the radiant plate 22 that emits radiant heat due to the high temperature due to the combustion gas 11 is generated between the radiant plates 22.
Since the heat exchangers 24 and 24 are provided, the heat radiation from the high temperature side to the low temperature side is blocked, and the phenomenon that the heat once obtained by the heat exchange with the combustion gas 11 is radiated again is prevented.

In addition, the radiation plate 2 disposed on the outer circumference of the hydrogen heating pipe 18b on the inner circumference side
2 has a plurality of open portions 21, and the radiation plates 24 arranged on the outer circumference of the hydrogen heating pipe 18a on the outer circumference side are arranged at required intervals, so that the respective radiation plates 22, The development of a temperature boundary layer that causes a temperature difference of the combustion gas 11 inside and outside 24 is prevented.

Therefore, according to the above, the hydrogen heating pipes 18a and 18b disposed inside the engine duct 10 exchange heat with the combustion gas 11, so that the hydrogen heating unit 3 in the conventional engine casing 9 (see FIG. 4) is used. ), The heat exchange area can be greatly increased, and the radiation plates 22 and 24 can block the heat radiation from the high temperature side to the low temperature side.
The heat exchange efficiency can be greatly improved. Further, as described above, the temperature of the hydrogen gas 7 ″ guided to the turbine (not shown) can be raised to a temperature higher than that of the conventional one, so that the performance of the air turbo ramjet engine 1 can be significantly improved.

The air turbo ramjet engine of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the circular portion of the hydrogen heating pipe may have a single structure instead of a double structure, or a triple structure or more. Of course, the structure may be good, and various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, according to the air turbo ramjet engine of the present invention, various excellent effects as described below can be obtained.

(I) Since the heat exchange with the combustion gas is performed by the hydrogen heating pipe arranged in the engine duct, the heat exchange area can be greatly expanded as compared with the conventional case.

(II) Since the radiation plate is provided on the outer periphery of the circular portion of the hydrogen heating pipe, the heat exchange of the hydrogen heating pipe is promoted by the radiation from the radiation plate and the hydrogen heating pipe is obtained by the heat exchange with the combustion gas. It is possible to prevent the phenomenon that the generated heat is radiated toward the outer peripheral side, which is the relatively low temperature side.

(III) Due to the above (I) and (II), the heat exchange efficiency of the hydrogen heating pipe can be remarkably improved, and the temperature of the hydrogen gas introduced to the turbine can be made higher than before, and the performance of the air turbo ramjet engine can be greatly improved. can do.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the radiation plate of the hydrogen heater shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a conventional example. In the figure, 1 is an air turbo ramjet engine, 4 is a compressor, 5 is a turbine, 6 is a combustion chamber, 7 is liquid hydrogen, 7'is hydrogen gas, 7 "is high temperature and high pressure hydrogen gas, 9 is an engine casing, 10 is an engine duct, 11 is a combustion gas, 15a, 15
b is an introduction part, 16a, 16b is a discharge part, 17a, 17b is a circular part, 18a, 1
8b is a hydrogen heating tube, 22 is a radiant plate, 23 is a support member, 24 is a radiant plate, 25 is a support member, and 26 is a hydrogen heater.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas held at a high pressure is heat-exchanged with a combustion gas at a rear portion of a combustion chamber to obtain a high temperature and high pressure hydrogen gas, and a turbine is driven by the high temperature and high pressure hydrogen gas,
Air turbo ramjet engine that generates thrust by mixing air combusted by a compressor that rotates by driving the turbine with hydrogen gas discharged from the turbine and combusting it to expand combustion gas of high temperature and high pressure generated by combustion In the engine duct at the rear of the combustion chamber, an introduction portion that penetrates the engine casing to introduce liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas into the engine duct, and hydrogen gas that has passed through the engine casing and has a high temperature and high pressure outside the engine duct. A hydrogen heating pipe is provided which is composed of a guiding discharge part and a circular part which communicates with the introducing part and the discharging part and which is formed in the engine duct circumferential direction, and surrounds the circular part outer periphery at a required interval. An air turbo characterized in that a radiant plate is provided in the engine, and a hydrogen heater is provided which supports the radiant plate in an engine casing. Beam jet engine.