JPH07104211A - Display with diffraction grating pattern - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] The present invention is three-dimensional (three-dimensional) without impairing the stereoscopic effect of an image and without causing deterioration in image quality.
Its main feature is that it is easy and cheap to create, and can express various images freely. According to the present invention, in a display formed by arranging minute diffraction gratings (gratings) on the surface of a substrate for each dot, the diffraction gratings forming the dots are formed by moving a plurality of curved lines in parallel. By arranging a plurality of unit diffraction gratings having different parallax ranges formed by a set of lines in the moving direction of the curve, one dot of the parallax image is formed, and if necessary, the illumination light of the diffraction grating It is characterized in that a light shielding means having a predetermined shape is provided on the incident side or the diffracted light emitting side of the diffraction grating.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display formed by arranging minute diffraction gratings (gratings) on the surface of a substrate for each dot, and particularly, without impairing the stereoscopic effect of an image, The present invention relates to a display having a diffraction grating pattern which can easily express a three-dimensional (three-dimensional) image without causing deterioration of the image and is easy to produce and inexpensive.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a display in which a diffraction grating pattern is formed by arranging a plurality of minute dots made of a diffraction grating on the surface of a substrate has been widely used. As a method for producing a display having this kind of diffraction grating pattern, for example, JP-A-60-15 is used.
There is a method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 6004. In this method, minute interference fringes (hereinafter referred to as a diffraction grating) due to two-beam interference are changed in pitch, direction, and light intensity, and the photosensitive film is successively exposed.

On the other hand, recently, by using an electron beam exposure apparatus, for example, and by computer control, an XY stage on which a substrate is placed is moved to form a plurality of minute dots made of a diffraction grating on the surface of the substrate. By placing
A method of manufacturing a display in which a diffraction grating pattern of a certain pattern is formed has been proposed by the present inventor. The method is disclosed in US Patent Application Serial No. 276,469 filed November 25, 1988.

However, in the display manufactured by such a manufacturing method, the pattern of the display having the diffraction grating pattern is an image inputted by an image scanner or the like, or a two-dimensional image manufactured by computer graphics. Some images are used. For this reason, since the pattern represented by the diffraction grating pattern is located on the plane on the substrate on which the diffraction grating is arranged, only a two-dimensional (two-dimensional) pattern can be represented, and a three-dimensional ( There is a problem that a three-dimensional (3D) pattern cannot be expressed.

Therefore, recently, by the present applicant, a diffraction grating forming a dot has a diffraction grating composed of a group of a plurality of lines which are translated in parallel with each other in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve. By dividing, three-dimensional (3
A display having a diffraction grating pattern capable of expressing a (dimensional) pattern has been proposed.

In this type of display, a region without a diffraction grating is provided in a diffraction grating obtained by moving a curve in parallel in a direction orthogonal to the movement direction of the curve, thereby causing parallax and expressing a stereoscopic image. ing.

That is, as shown in the figure, the diffraction grating is divided in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve (3 in the figure).
Then, by providing a region where the diffraction grating exists and a region where the diffraction grating does not exist according to the disparity information, parallax is generated and a stereoscopic image is represented.

In this case, the greater the number of parallaxes, the smoother the parallax image changes, and an image having a more stereoscopic effect can be observed. When the number of parallaxes is increased, the area into which the diffraction grating is divided increases, so that the size of one divided area becomes smaller.

However, when the divided area of the diffraction grating becomes small, the diffracted light spreads due to the influence of diffraction of the edges around the diffraction grating. Generally, the size where the influence of the diffraction of the edges around the diffraction grating does not affect the parallax is about 10 μm. As described above, since the size of the divided area of the diffraction grating is limited, if the size of one dot on the parallax image is 100 μm, the number of parallax images is limited to about 10. Therefore, in such a display, since the division direction of the diffraction grating is only the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curved line, the number of parallax images is small, which is a cause of impairing the stereoscopic effect of the image.

Further, when the light shielding means is used, the resolution and the number of parallax directions of the image are limited by the minimum unit (resolution) of the light shielding means. That is, when the light shielding means is a spatial modulation element such as a liquid crystal panel, the resolution in the moving direction of the curve and the direction orthogonal thereto is substantially constant.

However, when the parallax information is expressed only by the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve in the area where the diffraction grating does not exist, the size of one divided area is such that the moving direction of the curve is one pixel on the parallax image. However, since the dot size is divided by the number of parallax images in the direction orthogonal to the movement direction of the curve, the resolution of the direction orthogonal to the movement direction of the curve required for the light shielding means is , High in the moving direction of the curve is required. That is, the resolution that determines the image quality depends on the resolution in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve of the light shielding unit, and thus the image quality deteriorates when the resolution of the light shielding unit is poor.

[0012]

As described above, the conventional display having the diffraction grating pattern has a problem that the stereoscopic effect of the image is impaired or the image quality is deteriorated.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and is three-dimensional (three-dimensional) without impairing the stereoscopic effect of an image and causing deterioration in image quality.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a display having a diffraction grating pattern which can easily express various images and is easy to produce and inexpensive.

[0014]

In order to achieve the above object, in a display formed by arranging a minute diffraction grating (grating) for each dot on the surface of a substrate, first, the display according to claim 1 A display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the corresponding invention has a plurality of unit diffraction gratings having different parallax ranges, each of which is composed of a group of a plurality of lines translated from a curve in parallel with each other. One dot of the parallax image is formed by arranging the dots in the moving direction.

Further, in the display having the diffraction grating pattern according to the invention according to claim 2, the diffraction gratings forming the dots are formed of a group of a plurality of lines which are parallel-moved in a curved line and have different parallax ranges from each other. By arranging a plurality of unit diffraction gratings in the moving direction of the curved line, one dot of the parallax image is formed, and the light shielding means having a predetermined shape is arranged on the illumination light incident side of the diffraction grating. .

Further, in the display having the diffraction grating pattern according to the invention according to claim 3, the diffraction gratings forming the dots are different in parallax range from each other, which are formed by a group of a plurality of lines that are parallel movements of a curved line. By arranging multiple unit diffraction gratings in the moving direction of the curve,
One dot of the parallax image is formed, and a light shielding unit having a predetermined shape is arranged on the side of the diffraction grating where the diffracted light is emitted.

Here, in particular, when the diffraction grating forming the dots is formed by a diffraction grating in which n curves are translated, the change of each curve is changed from Ω ₁₁ to Ω ₁₂ ,
Ω ₂₁ to Ω ₂₂ , ・ ・ ・ Ω _m1 to Ω _m2 , ・ ・ ・ Ω _n1 to Ω
_{Assuming n2} , the respective inclinations and the movement pitch d of the curve
Tan (Ω ₁₁ ) = sin (α ₁ ) · sin (θ) tan (Ω ₁₂ ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) / n} · sin (θ) tan (Ω ₂₁ ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) / n} · sin (θ) tan (Ω ₂₂ ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) / 2 / n} · sin (θ) :: tan (Ω _m1 ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) · (m−1) / n} · sin (θ) tan (Ω _{m 2} ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) * M / n} * sin ((theta)) tan ((ohm) _n1 ) = sin {(alpha) ₁ + ((alpha) _2- (alpha) ₁ ) * (n-1) / n} * sin ((theta)) tan ((ohm) _n2 ) = sin ( α ₂ ) · sin (θ) d = λ · sin (θ) where θ: incident angle of illumination light, α ₁ to α ₂ : angle of diffracted light to be observed (viewing area), λ: 1st-order diffracted light Wavelength.

[0018]

Further, the dot is provided with a region where no diffraction grating exists.

Further, printing ink or a spatial modulation element is used as the light shielding means.

[0021]

Therefore, in the display having the diffraction grating pattern of the present invention, a plurality of unit diffractions having different parallax ranges in which the diffraction gratings forming the dots are constituted by a group of a plurality of lines which are parallel-moved in a curved line. By arranging the grating in the moving direction of the curved line to form one dot of the parallax image, that is, by dividing the diffraction grating obtained by moving the curved line in parallel in both the moving direction of the curved line and the direction orthogonal thereto, The number of parallax directions can be increased without lowering the resolution, and a stereoscopic (three-dimensional) image can be expressed without impairing the stereoscopic effect of the image and without lowering the image quality. .

Further, in the display having the diffraction grating pattern of the invention according to claim 2, by disposing the light shielding means on the incident side of the diffraction light of the diffraction grating, the part where the illumination light hits does not hit the display. In the display having the diffraction grating pattern of the invention according to claim 3, a portion for transmitting the diffracted light by the display is provided by disposing the light shielding means on the side of the diffraction grating where the diffracted light is emitted. When the observer observes the display, the observer sees an image with parallax on the left, front, and right, and a stereoscopic (three-dimensional) image is displayed. Can be observed.

In this case, by providing the regions in which the diffraction grating does not exist in both the moving direction of the curve and the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve, the resolution in both directions is increased, and an image with better image quality can be obtained.

Further, even if there is only one type of diffraction grating, by replacing only the light shielding means and changing its shape,
It is possible to freely express a three-dimensional (three-dimensional) image.

Further, even if the pattern changes, the diffraction grating is always constant regardless of the pattern, and it is not necessary to create the diffraction grating each time by using an electron beam drawing apparatus or the like, so that time and cost are increased. However, the efficiency can be greatly improved.

[0026]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention uses a diffraction grating in which a curve is translated,
By dividing the curve into both the moving direction and the direction orthogonal thereto, the number of parallax directions is increased without lowering the resolution of the image.

Hereinafter, a display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention based on the above concept will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, a method of inputting a plurality of planar images, which is the premise of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIG.

A plane image 80 of an object 85 desired to be three-dimensionally displayed.
Are photographed using the TV camera 81. Ie 1
The television cameras 81 are arranged at a plurality of positions defined by the interval p, and a plurality of plane images 85 of the object 85 corresponding to the respective positions are captured. The data of these plane images 85 are transferred to the computer 82 using the digitizer 83.
To store it as image data. By the way, the data of these plane images 85 is stored in the computer 82.
The data recorded on the video tape may be used for inputting into, or the data of the photograph or the movie may be used. Further, the object 85 to be stereoscopically displayed is not limited to an existing object, and may be computer graphics.

A method for determining the direction Ω of the diffraction grating and the pitch d of the diffraction grating, which is the premise of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

It is assumed that an observer views a display 15 with dots 16 made according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, when the incident angle of the illumination light 91 is θ, the direction of the first-order diffracted light 92 diffracted by the diffraction grating 18 is α, and the wavelength of the first-order diffracted light 92 is λ, diffraction is performed as shown in FIG. The direction Ω of the grating 18 and the pitch d (the reciprocal of the spatial frequency) of the diffraction grating 18 can be obtained by the following expressions. The illumination light 91 is Y-
It is assumed that the light passes through the Z plane and the diffracted light passes through the XZ plane.

Tan (Ω) = sin (α) / sin (θ) d = λ / {sin ² (θ) + sin ² (α)} ^1/2 By using the above equation, the illumination light 91 can be directed in any direction. It is possible to obtain the direction Ω and the pitch d of the diffraction grating 18 for diffracting the light. That is, the incident angle θ of the illumination light 91, the direction α of the first-order diffracted light 92, and the first-order diffracted light 92
If the wavelength λ is given, the direction Ω of the diffraction grating 18 and the pitch d can be obtained.

Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, a basic dot of a diffraction grating image is composed of a group of a plurality of lines in which a diffraction grating forming a dot is moved in parallel with a curved line. In addition, a plurality of unit diffraction gratings having different parallax ranges are arranged in the moving direction of the curve, in other words, the diffraction grating in which the curve is translated is divided into both the moving direction of the curve and the direction orthogonal to the moving direction. To configure.

In FIG. 4, the diffraction grating obtained by moving the curve in parallel is divided into three areas in the moving direction of the curve and three areas in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve.
It is divided into r2, ... r9.

Further, in this case, in particular, when the diffraction grating forming the dot is formed by a diffraction grating in which n curves are translated, for example, the change of each curve is changed from Ω ₁₁ to Ω ₁₂ , Ω. ₂₁ to Ω ₂₂ , Ω _m1 to Ω _m2 ,
.. If Ω _n1 to Ω _n2 , the respective inclinations and the movement pitch d of the curve are set as follows.

Tan (Ω ₁₁ ) = sin (α ₁ ) · sin (θ) tan (Ω ₁₂ ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) / n} · sin (θ) tan (Ω ₂₁ ) = Sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) / n} · sin (θ) tan (Ω ₂₂ ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) / 2 / n} · sin (θ): : Tan (Ω _m1 ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) · (m−1) / n} · sin (θ) tan (Ω _{m 2} ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) * M / n} * sin ((theta)) tan ((ohm) _n1 ) = sin {(alpha) ₁ + ((alpha) _2- (alpha) ₁ ) * (n-1) / n} * sin ((theta)) tan ((ohm) _n2 ) = sin) (Α ₂ ) · sin (θ) d = λ · sin (θ) where θ: incident angle of illumination light, α ₁ to α ₂ : angle at which diffracted light should be observed (viewing range), λ: next time The wavelength of breaking light.

Further, according to the present invention, a predetermined shape is provided on the front side or the rear side of the diffraction grating forming the dots, that is, on the entrance side of the illumination light of the diffraction grating or on the exit side of the diffraction light of the diffraction grating. By arranging the light-shielding means, the light-shielding means shields the illumination light or the diffracted light to generate a portion where the illumination light hits the display and a portion where the illumination light does not hit, or a portion where the diffracted light transmitted by the display passes through. Try not to cause the parts that do not.

Now, when reproducing one dot of the display having the diffraction grating pattern thus obtained,
The image can be observed as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 5, 9 of r1, r2, ...
The illumination light incident on the diffraction grating divided into two regions reaches the portions h1, h2, ... H9 at the observation positions.

That is, if it is desired to observe this dot at the observation position h1, it suffices that the diffraction grating exists in the region of r1. If it is not desired to observe this dot at the observation position h4, the region of r4 is observed. It suffices if no diffraction grating exists.

In this way, the diffraction grating forming one dot is provided with a region where the diffraction grating does not exist in the moving direction of the curve and in the direction orthogonal thereto, whereby parallax is caused and three-dimensional (three-dimensional) Na) images can be obtained.

Next, the above points will be described in more detail.

That is, first, as described above, when the diffraction grating is divided only in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve and the region where the diffraction grating does not exist is provided, if the number of parallax images is large, The size of the curve of the divided area in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction becomes too small, and the number of parallax images cannot be increased due to the effect of diffraction of the edges around the divided area, which causes the stereoscopic effect of the image to be impaired. Has become.

In this regard, in the diffraction grating used in the present invention, by arranging a plurality of unit diffraction gratings having different parallax ranges, each of which is composed of a plurality of lines which are parallelly moved in the curve, in the moving direction of the curve, One dot of the parallax image is configured.

As a result, the size at which the influence of the diffraction of the edge around the basin of the diffraction grating does not affect the parallax is 10 μm, and the size of one dot on the parallax image is 10 μm.
If the angle is 0 μm, it is possible to divide into 10 in the moving direction of the curve and 10 in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve.
It is possible to have a parallax in the 00 direction.

As a result, the number of parallaxes is dramatically increased as compared with the case of division only in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve as described above, so that the stereoscopic effect of the image is not impaired.

Further, when the parallax is generated by using the light-shielding means, for example, when the light-shielding means is a liquid crystal panel and the liquid crystal pixel size is 30 μm square, assuming that the number of parallaxes is 9, the movement of the curve is as described above. When a region where the diffraction grating does not exist is provided only in the direction orthogonal to the direction, the resolution in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve becomes 270 μm, the resolution in the moving direction of the curve becomes 30 μm, which is unbalanced. Since the resolution in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction is poor, the image quality deteriorates.

In this respect, according to the present invention, since the regions where the diffraction grating does not exist are provided in the moving direction of the curve and in the direction orthogonal thereto, the resolution in the moving direction of the curve and the direction orthogonal thereto are the same as 90 μm, respectively, and the image quality is improved. A good image can be obtained.

Next, a specific example of the display having the diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention will be described.

The light blocked by the light blocking means may be illumination light or diffracted light. That is, for example, in FIG.
As shown in, it can be realized by disposing the light shielding means 2 on the exit side of the diffracted light of the transparent type diffraction grating 1. Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, it can be realized by disposing the light shielding means 2 on the incident side of the illumination light of the transparent type diffraction grating 1. Further, for example, in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, it can be realized by disposing the light shielding means 2 on the emission side of the diffracted light of the reflection type diffraction grating 3, that is, on the incident side of the illumination light.

On the other hand, in this case, as the light-shielding means, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, by printing with the printing ink 4, the light-shielding effect can be exerted on the diffraction grating 1, so that the light-shielding effect can be obtained. It is possible to obtain a three-dimensional image while simplifying the process. Further, by overlapping the patterns by printing, it is possible to have an effect of superimposing the stereoscopic image and the planar image by printing.

Further, as shown in FIG. 10, for example, a spatial modulation element (for example, a liquid crystal display plate) 5 is used as the light shielding means, so that the shape of the spatial modulation element 5 is changed in a short time by the liquid crystal drive device 6. And a three-dimensional moving image can be obtained.

As described above, in the display having the diffraction grating pattern of the present embodiment, the diffraction gratings (gratings) 1 forming the dots are mutually formed by a group of a plurality of lines which are parallel-moved curves. By arranging a plurality of unit diffraction gratings having different parallax ranges in the moving direction of the curve, one dot of the parallax image is formed, and the illumination light incident side of the diffraction grating 1 or the diffraction light of the diffraction grating 1 is emitted. The light shielding means 2 using the printing ink 4 or the spatial modulation element 5 is arranged on the side.

Therefore, the diffraction grating 1 in which the curve is moved in parallel
Since it is divided into both the moving direction of the curve and the direction orthogonal to it, it is possible to increase the number of parallax directions without lowering the resolution of the image, and without impairing the stereoscopic effect of the image. It is possible to express a three-dimensional (three-dimensional) image without decreasing

Further, when the observer moves the viewpoint in the moving direction of the curve or in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction, the image observed changes smoothly with the effect, and the effect as if the user turns around is obtained. Therefore, a natural three-dimensional effect can be obtained.

On the other hand, since the diffraction grating (grating) is composed of parallel curved lines, it is possible to create diffracted light that is spread in the horizontal direction, so that there is no jump in the image and the viewpoint is moved in the horizontal direction. Sometimes a stereoscopic image with no color change can be observed with good reproduction.

That is, in the prior art, since the diffraction grating (grating) is composed of parallel straight lines, the diffracted light becomes a light beam for light of a certain fixed wavelength, and it is possible to create light that spreads horizontally. Can not. Therefore, when the display is observed while moving in a horizontal direction at a distant position, there are positions where the image can be seen and positions where the image cannot be seen (image skipping). Therefore, if the image cannot be seen by either the left or right eye, stereoscopic viewing cannot be performed, and the image jump causes discomfort to the observer. , It is possible to solve all such problems.

Even if only one type of diffraction grating 1 is used, the pattern can be freely changed by replacing only the light shielding means 2 and changing its shape. That is, originally, it is necessary to create a diffraction grating with an electron beam drawing device or the like each time the pattern changes, but in the present embodiment, the diffraction grating is always constant regardless of the pattern (electron beam drawing device or the like. Therefore, it is not necessary to create a diffraction grating each time.) By replacing only the light shielding means 2, a three-dimensional (three-dimensional)
It is possible to freely express such an image.

More specifically, since creating a diffraction grating with an electron beam drawing apparatus or the like is a very time-consuming task, this embodiment significantly reduces both time and cost. The efficiency can be improved.

Furthermore, the display of this embodiment can obtain a brighter image with less noise than a stereoscopic display such as a hologram.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be implemented in the same manner as described below.

(A) In the above embodiment, when the diffraction grating forming the dots is formed by a diffraction grating in which n curves are moved in parallel, the slope of the curve and the movement pitch of the curve are as described above. Although the case has been described, this is a case of moving a curve at an equal pitch, and is not limited at all.

(B) In the above embodiment, the case where the diffraction grating in which the curve is moved in parallel is divided into three areas in the moving direction of the curve and three areas in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the curve has been described. It is not limited to this.

(C) In the above embodiment, the front side of the diffraction grating,
Alternatively, the case where the light shielding means is provided on the rear side has been described, but this is not an indispensable element and may be provided as needed.

[0065]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a display formed by arranging a minute diffraction grating (grating) for each dot on the surface of a substrate, the diffraction grating forming the dots However, by arranging a plurality of unit diffraction gratings having different parallax ranges, each of which is composed of a group of a plurality of lines that are parallel-moved in a curved line, in the moving direction of the curved line, one dot of the parallax image is formed, and as necessary. Accordingly, the light shielding means having a predetermined shape is arranged on the entrance side of the diffraction grating for the illumination light or on the exit side of the diffraction grating for the diffracted light, so that the stereoscopic effect of the image is not impaired and the image quality is deteriorated. Without three-dimensionality (three-dimensional)
It is possible to provide a display having a diffraction grating pattern which can easily express various images and is easy to produce and inexpensive.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an original image capturing method which is a premise of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a dot observation method which is a premise of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of dots, which is a premise of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a basic diagram 1 of a diffraction grating image according to the present invention.
The enlarged view which shows one Example of a dot.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of an observation method of a display having a diffraction grating pattern created by the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a specific configuration example of a display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a specific configuration example of a display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view showing a basic configuration example of one dot of a conventional diffraction grating image.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Diffraction grating, 2 ... Shading means, 3 ... Diffraction grating, 4 ... Printing ink, 5 ... Spatial modulation element, 6 ... Liquid crystal drive device, 16
... dots, 18 ... diffraction grating pattern, 80 ... planar image,
81 ... TV camera, 82 ... Computer, 83 ... Digitizer, 85 ... Object.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A display formed by arranging a minute diffraction grating (grating) for each dot on a surface of a substrate, wherein the diffraction grating forming the dot is composed of a plurality of lines which are parallel-moved curves. A display having a diffraction grating pattern, characterized in that one dot of a parallax image is formed by arranging a plurality of unit diffraction gratings formed of a group and having different parallax ranges in a moving direction of a curve. 2. In a display formed by arranging a minute diffraction grating (grating) for each dot on the surface of a substrate, the diffraction grating forming the dot is composed of a plurality of lines that are parallel-moved curves. One dot of the parallax image is formed by arranging a plurality of unit diffraction gratings formed of a group and having different parallax ranges in the movement direction of the curve, and a predetermined shape is formed on the illumination light incident side of the diffraction grating. A display having a diffraction grating pattern, characterized in that the light shielding means is provided. 3. A display formed by arranging a minute diffraction grating (grating) for each dot on the surface of a substrate, wherein the diffraction grating forming the dot is composed of a plurality of lines that are parallel-moved curves. By arranging a plurality of unit diffraction gratings having different parallax ranges, which are made up of a collection, in the moving direction of the curve, one dot of the parallax image is formed, and a predetermined shape is formed on the exit side of the diffraction light of the diffraction grating. A display having a diffraction grating pattern, characterized in that the light shielding means is provided. 4. The diffraction grating forming the dots,
When the n curves are composed of a parallel-moved diffraction grating, the change of each curve is Ω ₁₁ to Ω ₁₂ , Ω ₂₁ to Ω
_22, ··· Ω _m1 from Omega _{m @ 2,} when from ··· Ω _n1 Ω _n2, the movement pitch d of the respective slopes and _{curves, tan (Ω 11) = sin} (α 1) · sin (θ) tan (Ω ₁₂ ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) / n} · sin (θ) tan (Ω ₂₁ ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) / n} · sin (θ ) Tan (Ω ₂₂ ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) · 2 / n} · sin (θ) :: tan (Ω _{m 1} ) = sin {α ₁ + (α ₂ −α ₁ ) · (M-1) / n} * sin ((theta)) tan ((ohm) _m2 ) = sin {(alpha) ₁ + ((alpha) _2- (alpha) ₁ ) * m / n} * sin ((theta)) tan ((ohm) _n1 ) = sin {(alpha)) _{1 + (α 2 -α 1)} · (n-1) / n} · sin (θ) tan (Ω n2) = sin (α 2) · sin (θ) d = λ · sin (θ) However, theta : Incident angle of illumination light, α ₁ to α ₂ : Observed diffracted light Expected angle (viewing area), λ: wavelength of first-order diffracted light. The display having the diffraction grating pattern according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: 5. The display having a diffraction grating pattern according to claim 1, wherein the dot is provided with a region where no diffraction grating exists. 6. The printing ink is used as the light-shielding means.
A display having the diffraction grating pattern according to claim 1. 7. A display having a diffraction grating pattern according to claim 1, wherein a spatial modulation element is used as the light shielding means.