JPH0712941B2 - Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass optical element - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass optical elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0712941B2 JPH0712941B2 JP21197487A JP21197487A JPH0712941B2 JP H0712941 B2 JPH0712941 B2 JP H0712941B2 JP 21197487 A JP21197487 A JP 21197487A JP 21197487 A JP21197487 A JP 21197487A JP H0712941 B2 JPH0712941 B2 JP H0712941B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- molding
- glass
- optical element
- mold
- block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/12—Cooling, heating, or insulating the plunger, the mould, or the glass-pressing machine; cooling or heating of the glass in the mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
- C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B29/00—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins
- C03B29/04—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way
- C03B29/06—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way with horizontal displacement of the products
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、光学機器に使用されるガラスレンズ等の光学
素子を、精密ガラス成形により形成するガラス光学素子
の製造方法とその装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a glass optical element manufacturing method and apparatus for forming an optical element such as a glass lens used in optical equipment by precision glass molding.
従来の技術 従来、光学素子は、ガラス材料を予備加工してほぼ光学
素子に近似した形状のブランクを作り、粗削り，中仕上
げ，研磨等の多数の工程を経て、製造されてきた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an optical element has been manufactured by preliminarily processing a glass material to form a blank having a shape substantially similar to that of an optical element, and undergoing a number of steps such as rough cutting, intermediate finishing, and polishing.
まあ、最近では光学的精度を持つ機能面を有する製造型
により、ブランクを精密成形して一挙に光学素子を作製
し、研磨等の工程を省略して簡略化する製造方法が実用
化されつつある。この方法は非球面を有する光学素子を
容易に形成できるという特徴を持つため、光学素子の製
造方法として、今後重要な地位を占めていくものと考え
られる。（たとえば、特開昭59−203732号公報，特開昭
61−26528号公報，特開昭61−44721号公報） 以下、図面を参照しながら、上述した従来例をレンズの
製造方法を例として説明する。Well, recently, a manufacturing method in which a blank is precisely formed by a manufacturing die having a functional surface having optical accuracy to fabricate an optical element all at once, and steps such as polishing are omitted and simplified is being put to practical use. . Since this method has a feature that an optical element having an aspherical surface can be easily formed, it is considered that it will occupy an important position in the future as a method of manufacturing an optical element. (For example, JP-A-59-203732 and JP-A-
61-26528, JP-A-61-44721) Hereinafter, the above-mentioned conventional example will be described as an example of a lens manufacturing method with reference to the drawings.
第４図は従来例におけるレンズ製造装置の見取図であ
る。ガラス素材および成形したレンズを搬送する装置
と、加熱部，成形部，除冷部とからなる。最終レンズ形
状に近似した形に予備加工されたガラス素材20が、コン
ベヤなどの搬送装置21により矢印Ａの方向に運ばれる。
加熱部22でガラスが変形可能な温度まで予熱される。成
形部24でガラス素材は鋳型の中に入れられて、加圧装置
25により矢印Ｂの方向に加圧成形される。成形されたレ
ンズおよび鋳型が転移点以下の温度になったらレンズは
鋳型から取り出されて、コンベアで搬送され除冷部23で
除冷されてレンズが完成する。FIG. 4 is a sketch of a conventional lens manufacturing apparatus. It consists of a device that conveys the glass material and the molded lens, a heating unit, a molding unit, and a cooling unit. A glass material 20 preliminarily processed into a shape similar to the final lens shape is carried in the direction of arrow A by a carrying device 21 such as a conveyor.
The heating unit 22 preheats the glass to a temperature at which it can be deformed. In the molding unit 24, the glass material is put into the mold and the pressure device
By 25, pressure molding is performed in the direction of arrow B. When the temperature of the molded lens and the mold reaches a temperature below the transition point, the lens is taken out of the mold, conveyed by a conveyor, and cooled in the cooling unit 23 to complete the lens.
発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかしながら上記のような方法では、成形に要する時間
が長く成形装置としての能率が悪いので、本発明はこれ
らの問題点を解消して光学素子の製造コストを下げる方
法を提供しようとするものである。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the method as described above, the time required for molding is long and the efficiency as a molding apparatus is low. Therefore, the present invention solves these problems and reduces the manufacturing cost of the optical element. Is to provide.
問題点を解決するための手段 上記問題点を解決するために本発明の光学素子の製造方
法は、光学的精度を持つ機能面を有する成形型と胴型の
中にガラス素材を充填して一体となして成形ブロックと
し、あらかじめ所望の温度勾配を持つよう設定した加熱
装置の中を前記成形ブロックを通過させつつ、加熱装置
の外側から成形型の上に成形方向に力が加わるように重
りを配置し、前記成形ブロックとともに移動して加圧成
形するという手段を用いるものである。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the method for manufacturing an optical element of the present invention is a glass mold filled with a glass material in a molding die having a functional surface having optical accuracy and integrated. As a forming block, while passing through the forming block through a heating device set to have a desired temperature gradient, a weight is applied from the outside of the heating device onto the forming die in the forming direction. It is arranged and moved together with the molding block to perform pressure molding.
作用 本発明は上記したように光学的機能面を有する成形型と
ガラス素材を一体となして成形ブロックとしトンネル型
の高温部の中を通過させることにより成形するので、成
形装置の中に機械的な加圧手段が必要がなく、装置が非
常に簡単になる。また、従来の成形では加圧装置の温度
を上下するため、成形に要する時間が長いという欠点が
あるが、本発明では加圧装置の温度の上下が必要でな
く、成形ブロックを次々に成形装置の中に送ることによ
り、短いタクトで連続して成形が可能となる。Action As described above, since the molding die having the optically functional surface and the glass material are integrally formed as a molding block and the molding is carried out by passing through the high temperature portion of the tunnel mold as described above, the mechanical structure in the molding device is reduced. The device is very simple because no special pressure means is required. Further, in the conventional molding, since the temperature of the pressurizing device rises and falls, there is a drawback that the time required for molding is long. It is possible to continuously perform molding with a short tact by sending it to the inside.
実施例 以下本発明の一実施例の光学素子の製造方法とその装置
について図面を参照しながら説明する。Examples Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing an optical element and an apparatus therefor according to an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明の一実施例であるレンズを成形するため
の成形装置の一部の断面図で、第２図に示す本発明によ
る成形装置の加熱部の中央付近の断面を示す。第１図に
おいて、上下型2,3と胴型４の中にガラス素材１を充填
して成形ブロックとする。下型２と上型３はそれぞれ光
学的精度の機能面を持ち、ガラス素材１を加圧成形する
ことにより、光学面を転写してレンズを形成する。胴型
４はレンズの外径を規制するとともに、上下の型の位置
を規制してレンズの光軸を決める。重り５はガラス素材
を変形させる力を与えるもので、比重の大きい金属、セ
ラミック等を用いる。６は成形ブロックを加熱するヒー
タで成形ブロックが通過する両側に配置する。７は成形
ブロックと重りを搬送するコンベア、８は断熱壁であ
る。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a part of a molding apparatus for molding a lens which is an embodiment of the present invention, and shows a cross section near the center of a heating portion of the molding apparatus according to the present invention shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the glass material 1 is filled into the upper and lower molds 2 and 3 and the body mold 4 to form a molding block. The lower mold 2 and the upper mold 3 each have a functional surface of optical accuracy, and the glass material 1 is pressure-molded to transfer the optical surface to form a lens. The barrel die 4 regulates the outer diameter of the lens and regulates the positions of the upper and lower dies to determine the optical axis of the lens. The weight 5 gives a force to deform the glass material, and is made of metal, ceramic or the like having a large specific gravity. A heater 6 heats the forming block and is arranged on both sides of the forming block. Reference numeral 7 is a conveyor that conveys the molding block and the weight, and 8 is a heat insulating wall.
第２図は、本発明による成形装置の見取図を示す。第１
図で示したガラス素材１、上下型2,3、胴型４からなる
成形ブロック10は、搬送装置11により矢印Ａの方向に運
ばれる。加熱部に入ったところで重り５が成形ブロック
の上に配置され成形ブロックとともに、さらに矢印の方
向に搬送される。連続的に自動成形するためには、成形
ブロック10および重り５を定められた手順により供給す
る装置が必要であるが、本図には示していない。加熱部
12の入口13と出口14、および重りの入口16と出口17は加
熱部内の雰囲気を一定に維持するため、シャッター機構
を有する。17は成形部の雰囲気を維持するためのおおい
である。不活性ガス、または還元性ガスをガス取入れ口
18から導入し、加熱部内の雰囲気を非酸化性に保持し
て、成形型の酸化を防ぐ。装置内に導入されたガスは前
記シャッタ部の近傍から排出する。19は搬送装置の駆動
部、および加熱部の電源を収納する部分である。加熱部
のヒータは分割されており、それぞれ温度制御機構を有
し、加熱部内の温度をガラス素材の種類に応じて、成形
に必要な温度分布を持つように設定する。その温度設定
の一例を第３図に示す。加熱部の温度の設定は搬送装置
のスピードにより、成形に必要な温度曲線を得る。予熱
は比較的短時間で行うことができ、できるだけ短時間の
方が能率が良いが、冷却は残留歪を取り除くため、比較
的ゆっくり行う必要がある。FIG. 2 shows a sketch of the molding apparatus according to the invention. First
The molding block 10 including the glass material 1, the upper and lower molds 2 and 3, and the body mold 4 shown in the figure is carried by the carrying device 11 in the direction of arrow A. When entering the heating section, the weight 5 is placed on the forming block and is conveyed together with the forming block in the direction of the arrow. A device for supplying the molding block 10 and the weight 5 in a predetermined procedure is necessary for continuous automatic molding, but it is not shown in the figure. Heating part
The inlet 13 and the outlet 14 of the twelve, and the inlet 16 and the outlet 17 of the weight have a shutter mechanism in order to maintain a constant atmosphere in the heating section. 17 is a cover for maintaining the atmosphere of the molding part. Gas inlet for inert gas or reducing gas
Introduced from 18, keeps the atmosphere in the heating part non-oxidizing and prevents the mold from oxidizing. The gas introduced into the apparatus is discharged from the vicinity of the shutter section. Reference numeral 19 is a portion for accommodating the power supply for the drive unit and the heating unit of the transfer device. The heaters of the heating unit are divided and each has a temperature control mechanism, and the temperature in the heating unit is set so as to have a temperature distribution necessary for molding according to the type of glass material. An example of the temperature setting is shown in FIG. The temperature of the heating part is set according to the speed of the conveying device to obtain the temperature curve required for molding. Preheating can be performed in a relatively short time, and it is more efficient in the shortest possible time, but cooling needs to be performed relatively slowly to remove residual strain.
第２図に示す装置で実際に成形した例を次に述べる。ガ
ラス素材としてSF−８を用い、直径7mm,厚さ3mmの凸レ
ンズを成形した。SF−８の軟化温度（粘度：10765ポア
ズ）は551℃である。重りは5kgの金属ブロックを用い
た。加熱部の温度は第３図に示すように入口，出口とも
約300℃とし、ガラスを変形させる最高温度はガラスの
粘度が約107ポアズになる580℃に設定した。入口から最
高温度に達するまでの時間を約10分になるようコンベア
の速度を調整し、最高温度を通過する時間は約10分とし
た。最高温度を通過後、出口に達するまでの冷却は約20
分とした。成形ブロックが入口13、出口14を通過する
時、また重りが入口16、出口17を通過するとき、シャッ
ターの開閉に伴い空気が侵入するので、ガス導入口15よ
り窒素を流し続けた。成形したレンズをアニールした
後、光学面の形状を測定すると、１μｍ以下の形状誤差
で金型の光学面を精度良く転写していた。成形ブロック
を複数個用意して、次々に成形装置に投入して成形した
レンズはばらつきが小さく、安定した性能を示した。An example of actual molding using the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 will be described below. Using SF-8 as a glass material, a convex lens having a diameter of 7 mm and a thickness of 3 mm was molded. The softening temperature of SF-8 (viscosity: 10 765 poise) is 551 ° C. A 5 kg metal block was used as the weight. As shown in Fig. 3, the temperature of the heating part was about 300 ° C at both the inlet and outlet, and the maximum temperature at which the glass was deformed was set at 580 ° C at which the viscosity of the glass was about 10 7 poise. The speed of the conveyor was adjusted so that the time from the entrance to the maximum temperature was about 10 minutes, and the time required to pass the maximum temperature was about 10 minutes. After passing the maximum temperature, cooling to reach the outlet is about 20
Minutes When the molding block passed through the inlet 13 and the outlet 14, and when the weight passed through the inlet 16 and the outlet 17, air entered due to the opening and closing of the shutter, so nitrogen was continuously flown from the gas inlet 15. When the shape of the optical surface was measured after annealing the molded lens, the optical surface of the mold was accurately transferred with a shape error of 1 μm or less. A plurality of molding blocks were prepared, and the lenses formed by successively inserting the molding blocks into a molding device showed small variations and showed stable performance.
なお、加熱部の最高温度がガラス素材の粘度が109ポア
ズより高い範囲では、実際的な重りの大きさではほとん
どガラスに変形を起させることができず、また、ガラス
素材の粘度が107ポアズ以下になるような高温では、ガ
ラスと型の融着、型寿命の低下など好ましくない減少が
生ずる。さらに成形装置の耐熱性，エネルギ消費量の点
からも、可能な限り低い温度で成形することが好まし
い。In addition, in the range where the maximum temperature of the heating part is higher than the viscosity of the glass material is higher than 10 9 poise, the glass cannot be deformed by the practical weight, and the viscosity of the glass material is 10 7 At a high temperature such as a poise or less, unfavorable reductions such as fusion of glass and mold and shortening of mold life occur. Further, in terms of heat resistance and energy consumption of the molding apparatus, it is preferable to mold at a temperature as low as possible.
以上の実施例においては、精密な光学素子としてレンズ
の成形を説明したが、本発明の方法はレンズに限らず、
一般的なガラス光学素子の成形に適用できることは言う
までもない。In the above examples, the molding of the lens was described as a precise optical element, but the method of the present invention is not limited to the lens,
It goes without saying that it can be applied to the molding of general glass optical elements.
発明の効果 以上のように本発明は、光学的精度を持つ機能面を有す
る成形型と胴型の中にガラス素材を充填して一体となし
成形ブロックとし、あらかじめ所望の温度勾配を持つよ
う設定した加熱装置の中を前記成形ブロックを通過さ
せ、成形型の上に成形方向に力が加わるように重りを配
置し、成形ブロックとともに移動して成形するという簡
単な方法で精密なガラス光学素子を成形することを可能
とするので、成形装置が極めて単純な構造で構成でき、
型を複数用意すれば、短いタクトで連続的に成形が可能
である。また重りを加熱装置の外に配置するので、重り
を加熱する必要がなく、少ない熱エネルギーで成形を行
うことができる。以上の結果、精密な精度を持つガラス
光学素子を安価に大量に生産することが可能となる。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, according to the present invention, the glass mold is filled with the glass material into the mold and the mold having the functional surface having the optical precision to form the integrated block, which is set in advance to have a desired temperature gradient. Pass the molding block through the heating device, place a weight on the mold so that force is applied in the molding direction, and move with the molding block to mold the glass optical element with a simple method. Since it is possible to mold, the molding device can be configured with an extremely simple structure,
If multiple molds are prepared, it is possible to continuously mold with a short tact. Further, since the weight is arranged outside the heating device, it is not necessary to heat the weight and molding can be performed with a small amount of heat energy. As a result, it becomes possible to inexpensively mass-produce glass optical elements having high precision.
第１図は本発明の一実施例におけるレンズの成形に用い
る成形装置の一部の断面図、第２図は本発明の一実施例
におけるレンズの製造装置の見取図、第３図は本発明の
一実施例におけるレンズの製造装置の加熱部の温度分布
図、第４図は従来例におけるレンズ製造装置の見取図で
ある。 １……ガラス素材、２……下型、３……上型、４……胴
型、５……重り、６……ヒータ、10……成形ブロック、
11……搬送装置、12……加熱部。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a part of a molding apparatus used for molding a lens in one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sketch of a lens manufacturing apparatus in one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a temperature distribution diagram of a heating portion of the lens manufacturing apparatus in one embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a sketch of the lens manufacturing apparatus in the conventional example. 1 ... glass material, 2 ... lower mold, 3 ... upper mold, 4 ... body mold, 5 ... weight, 6 ... heater, 10 ... molding block,
11 …… Conveyor, 12 …… Heating part.
Claims (3)
胴型の中にガラス素材を充填して一体となして成形ブロ
ックとし、あらかじめ所望の温度勾配を持つよう設定し
た加熱装置の中を前記成形ブロックを通過させつつ、加
熱装置の外側から成形型の上に成形方向に力が加わるよ
うに重りを配置し、前記成形ブロックとともに移動して
加圧成形することを特徴とするガラス光学素子の製造方
法。1. A heating device in which a glass material is filled into a molding die having a functional surface having optical accuracy and a glass mold to be integrally formed into a molding block, which is set in advance to have a desired temperature gradient. While passing through the molding block, a weight is arranged so that a force is applied from the outside of the heating device onto the molding die in the molding direction, and the weight is moved together with the molding block to perform pressure molding. Device manufacturing method.
が、成形されるガラス素材の粘度が106〜109ポアズの範
囲の温度であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第
（１）項に記載のガラス光学素子の製造方法。2. The maximum temperature of a portion through which the molding block passes is such that the viscosity of the glass material to be molded is a temperature in the range of 10 6 to 10 9 poises. A method for manufacturing a glass optical element according to item 1.
胴型の中にガラス素材を充填して一体となした成形ブロ
ックを搬送する手段と、所望の温度勾配を持つよう設定
可能な加熱装置と、加熱装置の外側から成形型の上に成
形方向に力が加わるように重りを配置して搬送する装置
と、成形ブロックが通過する部分の雰囲気を調整する装
置とからなり、前記成形ブロックが加熱部の中を通過し
て成形することを特徴とするガラス光学素子の製造装
置。3. A molding die having a functional surface having optical precision and a means for conveying a molding block into which a glass material is filled in a body and integrated with the molding die, and which can be set so as to have a desired temperature gradient. The molding device comprises a heating device, a device for arranging and delivering a weight from the outside of the heating device onto the molding die so that a force is applied in the molding direction, and a device for adjusting the atmosphere of the portion through which the molding block passes. An apparatus for manufacturing a glass optical element, characterized in that the block passes through the inside of the heating section and is molded.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21197487A JPH0712941B2 (en) | 1987-08-26 | 1987-08-26 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass optical element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21197487A JPH0712941B2 (en) | 1987-08-26 | 1987-08-26 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass optical element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6456332A JPS6456332A (en) | 1989-03-03 |
| JPH0712941B2 true JPH0712941B2 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
Family
ID=16614791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21197487A Expired - Lifetime JPH0712941B2 (en) | 1987-08-26 | 1987-08-26 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass optical element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0712941B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2509305B2 (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1996-06-19 | ホーヤ株式会社 | Glass lens forming method and apparatus |
| JPH02267127A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1990-10-31 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Method for forming optical element and device therefor |
-
1987
- 1987-08-26 JP JP21197487A patent/JPH0712941B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6456332A (en) | 1989-03-03 |
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