JPH07134345A - Stereoscopic image capturing device, attachment for stereoscopic image capturing, and stereoscopic image viewing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a stereoscopic image pickup device, an attachment for picking up a stereoscopic image for picking up it by using a conventional image pickup device and a simple enjoying device suitable for everybody's taste, on the assumption of the current image system. CONSTITUTION:Luminous fluxes entering from each of two photographing luminous flux intakes 9a and 9b are reflected inward by first reflecting surfaces 7a and 7b, pass through image forming lenses 1a and 1b and are reflected by second reflecting surfaces 8a and 8b to record vertically arranged subjects. After development, these two subjects are led to the left and right eyes by a prism.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention is divided into two parts, left and right.
The present invention relates to a photographing device for recording a subject image from two viewpoints by a system photographing optical system and a viewing device for observing a reproduced subject image from two viewpoints to obtain a stereoscopic effect.
Conventionally, an image recording / reproducing system is generally composed of the following subsystems. (1) Photographing / recording device (2) Recording medium (3) Editing device (sometimes unnecessary) (4) Playback device (5) Viewing device The present invention includes (1) photographing / recording device among the above subsystems. The device, (5) the viewing device, and (2) the recording medium, (3) the editing device, and (4) the reproducing device use the conventional system as they are. Changes in the recording medium, editing device, and playback device are related to the basis of the image system, and these changes must be recreated from the basics of the system. The present invention aims to create a stereoscopic imaging system with a minimum of new subsystems and maximum effect.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Stereoscopic vision is a psychological phenomenon obtained by allowing images from two viewpoints to enter separately from the left and right eyes and to be fused in the brain via the optic nerve. It is considered that the basic psychophysical principle that stereoscopic vision can be obtained is common regardless of whether it is a still image or a moving image, regardless of the recording medium or the reproduction method.

Before the invention of photography, the logical examination of stereoscopic vision was already made in 1832, and immediately after the invention of photography in 1839, stereoscopic photography (STER
EOSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHY) photographing device and viewing device are appearing. The technology of stereoscopic photography appeared in the old days, and since then, improvements have been made, and it continues to this day while repeating fashion and decline.

For moving images, various methods have been tried since the anaglyph method of 1858.
The stereoscopic image by the polarization method has been put into practical use only for special images such as theme parks and exhibitions, and has not been widely applied to general motion pictures. Various methods have been proposed for television images, but the liquid crystal shutter method (a kind of polarization method) is only being experimentally implemented.

The basic mechanism for obtaining stereoscopic vision is
Since it is considered to be common to both still images and moving images, a stereoscopic photography device and a viewing device will be described, and then movie, television, and publishing systems as application examples thereof will be described. A typical example of a conventional imaging device is shown in FIGS. 31 and 32. The example shown in FIG. 31 is a camera dedicated to stereoscopic photography. Two lenses 1a, 1 arranged side by side with an interval A
By c, the subject image is imprinted on the film 4 located in the image frames 2a and 2c.

The lens 1a for sufficiently expressing a stereoscopic effect
The distance A between the lens 1c and the lens 1c is empirically set to be about 65 mm between both eyes of a human or more (lens distance A
Will be described in detail later). When the subject images from the two viewpoints are imprinted on the adjacent screen frames 2a and 2b, the distance between the lenses 1a and 1b is 65 millimeters (m).
m; hereinafter, this unit is abbreviated as “millimeter”) Since it is not possible to secure the front and rear, shooting is performed with one or two jumps. Therefore, the screen size is determined by the distance between both lenses and the number of jumping pieces, and is a special size.

In the case of the stereoscopic photographing camera shown in FIG. 31, one frame is jumped to photograph on the screen frames 2a and 2c. In this case, the film is fed one frame after the first shooting,
Three frames are sent after the first shot, and one frame after the odd number.
The irregular feeding in which three frames are fed at the even number of times is repeated thereafter. Therefore, on the film 4, the first and second frames are alternately arranged in the first four frames, and the third and fourth frames are alternately arranged in the next four frames. .

When shooting is performed by jumping two frames, one frame is sent for the first two times and four frames are sent for the third time. After that, the film is fed by repeating this irregular mode, and the shooting order is [123123456456.
・ ・] In any case, the film supply mechanism including the film counter of the camera is extremely complicated, and the arrangement of the pieces on the finished film is not simple. In addition, the screen size becomes special, and not only the usual print request method cannot be performed, but also the print fee is increased by about one digit.

That is, in the negative color film / color print system, which is the most popular photographic system at present, since the usage of the recording medium, that is, the screen frame size is changed, the reproduction system, that is, the color print system of the image system is selected. I can no longer successfully carry it. The embodiment shown in FIG. 32 shows a state in which an attachment 6 for stereoscopic photography is attached to a camera body 5 using a general 35 mm film. The optical elements of the attachment 6 for stereoscopic photography are four reflecting mirrors 7a, 7b, 8a,
8b, and the light beams separated by a distance A to the left and right are reflected by the windows 9a, 9a.
It is taken in from b and sent to the taking lens 1 by the reflecting mirrors 7a, 8a and 7b, 8b. When passing through the photographic lens 1, the light flux intersecting in the lens 1 is divided into 2 sections.
Each image section 3 of a 5 mm size (24 x 36 mm) screen
It is incident on a and 3b.

The request for developing and printing the film photographed by this attachment 6 is the same as that for normal film.
Just make a normal order. The obtained print is divided into two image sections within one sheet, and the vertically long image sections are arranged. This method does not have a problem in that it is in good agreement with the current color printing system, but has a problem in that it has a vertically long screen frame. The image system in which the reproduced image frame is vertically long has never been successful. Details will be discussed later.

A typical example of a conventional print viewing apparatus is shown in FIG.
3, shown in FIG. The example of the viewing device shown in FIG. 33 is a Brewster's stereoscope (Brewster's Ster).
known as eo-scope), 184
It was announced in 4 years. When viewing a horizontally large print, the distance between the corresponding points on both screens becomes larger than the distance between the pupils of both eyes, and the direction of the visual axis opens to the left and right, causing a so-called gaze. In order to solve this eyebrow, the eyepiece 20a,
20b is provided with a prism component, and the visual axis 17a of the gaze is
Visual axes 12a, 13a intersecting 17b at a finite distance on the object side,
It has been changed to 12b and 13b.

The present viewing apparatus determines the viewing distance and the distance between the eyepieces depending on the print size, the diopter of the eyes, the distance between the pupils, and the habit of matching the position where the binocular visual axes intersect with the accommodation position. It needs to be adjusted, but if it is adjusted properly, stereoscopic vision can be obtained. The example of the viewing apparatus shown in FIG. 34 is used when viewing a print in which subject images from two viewpoints are recorded within the conventional screen size obtained from the image pickup apparatus shown in FIG. Similar to the stereoscopic photography attachment shown in FIG. 32, the basic optical system uses two reflecting mirrors to adjust the distance between the light beams to the pupil distance.

There are few cases where a stereoscopic view can be obtained immediately after seeing a conventional stereoscopic photograph viewing apparatus. This is because, for example, although the visual axis is parallel, that is, the visual axis that looks at a distance, the focus of the eye must be adjusted to the distinct visual distance of 250 mm, which is a phenomenon that is incompatible with the physiology of the eye. . In the human visual organ, the position where the visual axes intersect and the position where the eyes are in focus almost coincide (see the visual axis
rence and the accommodation accommodation are linked to each other).

However, in the conventional stereoscopic image viewing apparatus, there is a deviation between the intersection of the binocular visual axes and the focus adjustment position, and it is considered that stereoscopic vision cannot be easily obtained due to this deviation. In addition, as a matter of course, the physiological and optical characteristics of vision (diopter, presence of glasses, distance between pupils of both eyes, convergence and focus adjustment interlocking characteristics, etc.) are different for each person, and are suitable for everyone. One of the reasons is that the appreciation device does not have the characteristics to do so.

Even when the intersection of the visual axes and the focus adjustment position do not coincide with each other, a stereoscopic effect may be obtained while observing for a while. This is stereoscopic vision obtained by consciously temporarily canceling the convergence and perspective adjustment cooperative programs imprinted on the brain by the human and adjusting the congestion and perspective adjustment separately. Since the stereoscopic vision obtained in this way is a conscious behavior, there is a constant conflict with the unconscious regulatory behavior, and if the consciousness is relaxed, stereoscopic vision becomes unobtainable. It is said that if you continue to observe, you may experience eye fatigue, headache, and even dizziness-like symptoms in extreme cases.

Many inventions and improvements have been made in the history of three-dimensional photography up to 150 years. However, as in the conventional example shown above, many problems remain in the photographing device and the viewing device. It has reached today. The three-dimensional movie is made by the polarization method. By the two cameras arranged with the lens interval A, the subject images from the left and right viewpoints are recorded on two motion picture films, and after the phenomenon / editing, the two projectors have their polarization axes mutually aligned. The reflective surface is projected onto a screen having a metallic luster through orthogonal polarization filters.

The viewer views the different images from his left and right eyes through the glasses with the polarization filter whose polarization axis is arranged in the same direction as the polarization filter mounted on the projector. Although the stereoscopic movie of this method has been put to practical use for special purposes as described above, it has not come into widespread use in general movie films and 8 mm movie system for amateurs. Despite the fact that two sets of shooting equipment and projection equipment are required, the operation was extremely complicated through shooting, editing, and projection, a special metal screen was required, and it passed two polarization filters. There were many problems such as a decrease in the light amount of about one quarter due to the above. The anaglyph method of viewing images projected in two colors of red and blue with two-color glasses of red and blue, and a kind of shadow mask method that stretches many vertical stripes in front of the screen are polarization methods. More practical than that.

Stereoscopic image formation on a television is performed by a polarization method using a liquid crystal, and the image is switched from left and right two viewpoints for each field, and a right and left separate image is displayed by a viewer through a liquid crystal shutter synchronized with a cathode ray tube. receive. Not only does the image itself have drawbacks such as the darkness of the screen and flicker, but this system uses the current TV and video systems, but it has become a completely different device and has not become popular. .

The stereoscopic image system has an excellent feature that a stereoscopic image can be recognized as a stereoscopic image, but is practically used only for special purposes, and is known only to a few lovers as an amateur hobby. . This is considered to be due to the following factors, as mentioned in the above example. (1) The shooting operation is not as easy as an ordinary photo. (2) In the image systems that are prevailing from time to time, for example, photographic systems, there is no good compromise between photosensitive materials and phenomena / printing systems. (3) There is no simple, inexpensive, easy-to-use ornamental device.

[0020]

In order for a stereoscopic image system to be widely spread to general amateur layers, it is necessary to satisfy the following conditions. 1 The recording medium must be one that general amateurs can easily obtain and are familiar with. Therefore, at present, it is indispensable that a photographic system should be a 35 mm color negative film or a film with a lens, and a video system should be an 8 mm video or a VHS video tape.

2 At the time of shooting, it is necessary to aim at the subject with the viewfinder and simply press the shutter. For example, it is desirable that it is not necessary to leave a memo such as how many frames are paired with each other at the time of shooting, and that complicated operations such as operating two imaging devices at the same time are not required. The intervals of the entrance pupils of the 32 optical system are approximately horizontal with a distance of at least 65 mm, and the arrangement of this optical system forces the recording medium to have a special usage and a special format. Don't

4 Image playback must be on a prevailing system. For example, in a photographic system, there is no need to make a special request when requesting development and printing. If you request development and printing, you can enjoy a pair of stereoscopic pictures, in other words, one stereoscopic picture as you would for ordinary pictures. The photographs need to be finished, and the video system must be able to use the current video system without any modification.

5 It is desirable that the running cost of the recording / reproducing medium or the like is about the same as that of the non-stereo image.
For example, it is desirable that the cost per shot including film prints be the same as that of ordinary photographs. 6 It is an essential condition that the screen frame of the reproduced stereoscopic image is horizontally long. In the case of ordinary photographs, you can view the finished photograph in any orientation, either horizontally or vertically. Therefore, the camera can be held vertically or horizontally. In the case of stereoscopic photography, the camera posture is fixed.

When taking a three-dimensional photograph, it is not allowed to tilt the three-dimensional photographing camera having a vertical screen 90 degrees in order to obtain a horizontally long screen and to take two lenses vertically (in this way, a photograph is taken). A pair of photographs cannot recognize the stereoscopic effect). On the other hand, in movies and televisions in which the orientation of the playback screen is fixed, the orientation of the screen frame is fixed in landscape orientation, and portrait orientation has never been widely used. When the movie was born, the aspect ratio was relatively close to 1: 1.33, but with the widening of the screen in the 1950s,
Cinemascope, which is a typical format, has been transformed into a horizontally long aspect ratio of 1: 2.66. Moreover, although the aspect ratio of the current TV screen is 1.33, the aspect ratio of high-definition television, which is expected to be the system of the future, is about to change to 9:16 (1: 1.78).

A movie in which the posture of the playback screen frame is fixed,
On television, when it was born, it had an aspect ratio of 1:
The change from 1.33 to a horizontally long rectangle in its evolution may indicate that a horizontally long screen is an essential condition in the presentation of images. 7 It is necessary that the finished image-recorded medium be viewed as it is without any modification to give a stereoscopic effect. For example, it is very troublesome for a general amateur to perform an operation of finding a pair of prints by matching the negative and the print among the separate prints, relying on the memory or memo at the time of shooting. In particular, when a similar subject is photographed or when the same subject is photographed a plurality of times with slightly different conditions, it is extremely difficult to select a pair of stereoscopic photographs.

Further, in order to reproduce two videotapes taken by two video cameras in perfect synchronization, not only two sets of reproducing devices are required, but also the operation is very complicated. 8 In addition, the image captured and reproduced as a stereoscopic image is
Even if a viewing device for stereoscopic images is not used, it must be a normal image that can be viewed.

A stereoscopic movie by a polarization method, a stereoscopic television image by a liquid crystal shutter, a printed matter by red and blue colors by anaglyph method look like a double image with the naked eye, and are not images that are worth watching. 9 It is necessary that the appreciation device is inexpensive, simple, easy to handle as a general magnifying glass, and does not require special attention. Allowed operation is to place the object to be observed on the optical axis of the magnifying glass lens, near the focus position, or to fix the object to be observed and adjust the position and orientation of the magnifying glass,
The addition of subtle adjustments to the optics of the viewing device must be avoided.

10 Visual variations due to individual differences (near
It has a tolerance for diopter differences such as far / presbyopia, presence or absence of glasses, difference in binocular pupillary distance, and binocular convergence and focus adjustment characteristics) It is necessary to have visibility. 11 Also, it is necessary not to cause visual fatigue even when viewing for a long time.

The present invention is premised on the use of a simple viewing device. When viewing a three-dimensional image, it is desirable to be able to view it with the naked eye without using any device. Side-by-side relatively small-sized photos, you can view the left-side photo with the left eye and the right-side photo with the right eye, or you can arrange relatively large-sized photos side-by-side with the left eye and the right-side photo with the right eye. The stereoscopic method of crossing the left photo has been used for a long time,
This method imposes a great physiological and psychological burden of breaking the physiological link between congestion and accommodation. In addition, even with training, it is not a technique that anyone can get acquainted with.

Stereoscopic photographs using holography and lenticular lenses can recognize solids with the naked eye, but holography can only be taken and reproduced in a miniature manner.
It can be said that a stereoscopic photograph using a lenticular lens has difficulty in expressing a distant presence such as a magnificent scenery, even though the front-back relation of each subject can be recognized.

Further, these three-dimensional photography systems require a large-scale device for producing a medium carrying three-dimensional information,
These devices are not as popular as film developing / printing equipment and are not expected to become popular in the future. At present, it is common to mount a current 35mm color negative film / color print system for a photographic system, a current 8mm video or VHS system for a video system, and to realize a simple viewing device suitable for everyone. It is considered to be a means to promote the spread of stereoscopic images to amateurs.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a stereoscopic image capturing apparatus based on the current image system, a stereoscopic image capturing attachment for capturing a stereoscopic image using a conventional image capturing apparatus, and a universal image capturing apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple appreciation device that conforms to.

[0033]

According to a first stereoscopic image pickup apparatus of the present invention which achieves the above object, (1) each of the light fluxes incident from the front is incident on two entrance pupils that are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. Two first reflecting surfaces reflecting in the direction of (2) Each of the light fluxes reflected by the two first reflecting surfaces,
Two second reflecting surfaces that are formed by dividing the front-side screen frame into upper and lower parts and that reflect toward the two vertically aligned image sections (3) Each of the light fluxes incident from each of the two entrance pupils It is characterized in that an imaging optical system for forming a subject image on each of the image sections is provided.

Further, the second stereoscopic image taking apparatus of the present invention is: (1) Two light beams incident from the front on the two entrance pupils which are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance are reflected toward each other. First reflection surface (2) Reflects each light flux reflected by these two first reflection surfaces toward each of two image sections arranged side by side with a downward or upward screen frame divided into left and right To do 2
Two second reflecting surfaces (3) An image forming optical system is provided which connects each subject image formed by each light flux incident from each of the two entrance pupils to each image section.

Further, the third stereoscopic image taking apparatus of the present invention is: (1) Two light beams incident from the front on the two respective entrance pupils, which are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, are reflected toward each other. First reflection surface (2) Each light flux reflected by the above two first reflection surfaces is
Two second reflecting surfaces that are formed by dividing the front-facing screen frame into left and right parts and that reflect toward two image sections arranged side by side (3) Light-shielding member that covers the upper and lower parts of the screen frame (4) ) An image forming optical system is provided for forming each subject image formed by each light flux incident from each of the two entrance pupils on each image section.

The first stereoscopic image pickup attachment of the present invention is a stereoscopic image pickup attachment detachably attached to a camera having an image forming optical system for forming a subject image within a predetermined screen frame. And (1) two light beams that are incident on two entrance pupils, which are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance from the direction along the optical axis of the imaging optical system, in the two directions. 1 reflection surface (2) Each of the light fluxes reflected by the two first reflection surfaces is
The screen frame is divided into upper and lower two image sections, which divide the object image into two parts vertically when the object image is formed in the screen frame by the camera from which the stereoscopic image pickup attachment is removed, It is characterized in that it is provided with two second reflecting surfaces that reflect toward the imaging optical system so that respective subject images by the respective light fluxes are formed.

In the first stereoscopic image pickup attachment, the two entrance pupils are arranged right next to each other, and by deflecting the light fluxes incident from the two entrance pupils, the two entrance pupils and the above-mentioned entrance pupils are deflected. It is preferable to include a deflection optical system that corrects a difference in vertical position between the two image sections.

The second stereoscopic image taking attachment of the present invention is a detachable stereoscopic image taking attachment which is detachably attached to a camera provided with an image forming optical system for forming an image of a subject within a predetermined screen frame. (1) Each of the light fluxes incident on the two entrance pupils, which are separated from each other by a predetermined distance from the direction intersecting the optical axis of the imaging optical system,
Two first reflecting surfaces that reflect in the directions of each other (2) The respective light beams reflected by the two first reflecting surfaces are
The screen frame is divided into two left and right image sections that divide the subject image into left and right when the subject image is formed in the screen frame by the camera from which the stereoscopic image pickup attachment is removed. It is characterized in that it is provided with two second reflecting surfaces that reflect toward the imaging optical system so that each subject image by each light flux is formed.

In the first stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention, the light fluxes emitted from two images vertically aligned with each other and vertically aligned with each other, which are vertically aligned, are to the left and right eyes, respectively. A stereoscopic image viewing device that guides
A prism for deflecting at least one of the light beams emitted from the two images in the vertical direction is provided so that the light beams are emitted in parallel with each other in the vertical direction.

Here, the prism may be a variable apex angle prism. The second stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention is a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus that guides each light beam emitted from two images vertically aligned with each other and vertically aligned with each other and vertically aligned with each other. A device,
It is provided with a pair of prisms arranged side by side so as to rotate in opposite directions with respect to each other about the respective optical axes and to have thickness gradients opposite to each other in a vertical direction in a predetermined rotation adjustment state. It is a feature.

The third stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention is
A stereoscopic image viewing apparatus that guides light beams emitted from two images, which are vertically arranged in opposite directions and left and right directions are opposite to each other and are arranged side by side, to the left and right eyes, respectively. Two first reflecting surfaces that reflect light in a direction toward each other or away from each other, and reflect each light beam reflected by these first reflecting surfaces to travel from each of the two images to each first reflecting surface. It is characterized in that it is provided with two second reflecting surfaces that emit in a direction substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of the light flux.

Further, in the fourth stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention, the respective luminous fluxes emitted from two images which are vertically aligned with each other and are horizontally aligned with each other and which are arranged side by side are respectively guided to the left and right eyes. A stereoscopic image viewing device,
Two optical systems each having at least two reflecting surfaces are arranged so that the light beams emitted from the two images intersect each other and then enter the left and right eyes. To do.

In the fifth stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention, the light beams emitted from two images which are vertically aligned with each other and are aligned with each other in the left-right direction and which are lined up on the left and right sides are respectively viewed by the left and right eyes. A stereoscopic image viewing device that guides
It is provided with a pair of prisms that are linked to each other about the respective optical axes in opposite directions and are arranged on the left and right such that the thickness gradients are opposite to each other in the left-right direction in a predetermined rotation adjustment state. It is a feature.

A Fresnel prism is preferably used as the prism in each of the stereoscopic image viewing devices described above. Hereinafter, the present invention described above will be described in detail with specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific numerical values in the following description. The stereoscopic image capturing apparatus of the present invention that achieves the above object includes the following (1) and (2). (1) Two image sections formed by dividing a current screen frame of, for example, a 35 mm full size video camera (the screen frame and the image section will be clearly described below) The shape of is generally rectangular.
There are three ways to divide this rectangular screen frame into two. The present invention relates to each photographing device and appreciation device in the case of adopting a screen division method of three methods.

One method is to divide a horizontally long rectangle into two horizontally and further form two horizontally long rectangles vertically. For example, in case of the current 35mm full size screen,
This is a method in which 24 × 36 mm is divided into two sections, and a so-called roughly panoramic size screen 12 × 36 mm is divided into two sections vertically. In this case, the image section is arranged forward, that is, perpendicular to the light rays incident from the subject, and when the rectangular section is placed horizontally long, the two object images are both erect (inverted in the camera). ). Hereinafter, this method will be described as a 2P method.

The second method is to divide a horizontally long rectangle into two vertically and form two rectangular sections that are substantially similar to the original photographing screen side by side, that is, in the case of the current 35 mm full size screen, 24 × 18 mm. Is divided into two sections, and so-called cine size (or half size screen) 24 × 18 mm is divided into two sections. In this case, when the original screen of 24 × 36 mm is horizontally long, each of the divided halves is vertically long. Lie down. In this case, the long side of the image section is arranged parallel to the light ray incident from the subject. That is, the screen frame is arranged upward or downward. Hereinafter, this method will be described as a 2C method.

In the case of photographic 35 mm film or the like, a third compartment method is possible. A so-called panoramic size of 13 × 36 mm is divided into two parts, left and right, and 13 × 18 mm image sections are arranged side by side to take two sides.
This is a method in which the millimeter is divided into left and right, and 20 × 18 millimeter size screens are arranged side by side to form two sides. When this method of arranging image sections on the left and right is adopted, a horizontally long image section is formed, or at least avoiding a vertically long image section, and even if it is not horizontally long, a shape close to a square is formed. In order to form an image section, it is necessary to provide a light blocking member that covers the upper and lower portions of the photosensitive surface. The light blocking member may be a part of the camera body or a separate member. In any case, it has a function of invalidating a part of the photosensitive material, which is originally capable of exposing and recording a subject image, that is, the upper and lower parts of the image section.

The conventional panorama size and high-definition size are means for expressing a wide-range perspective effect, and the method of the present invention is not a means for expressing a wide-range perspective effect, and a stereoscopic image section is formed in a vertically long shape. The feature is that it is a means for preventing unnaturalness and removing unnaturalness of the visual field. In this method, only 35% of the 35 mm full size screen is used for panoramic size and 83% for high definition size, which is an inefficient method of forming the screen frame. It can be applied to photographic systems with 35 mm film or more, which has a residual capacity.

Furthermore, panorama size prints and high definition size prints (commonly called powerful size prints)
Can be quickly delivered to users by the high volume, rapid processing 35 mm film color printing system and collection and delivery system that are already in widespread use today. Given this situation, a system that is not efficient in terms of recording area will be used, but it can be said that it is a clever system from a comprehensive perspective of hardware and social systems.

Hereinafter, this method will be described as a P / H method.
The layout of the optical system and the system configuration vary depending on how the screen is divided. (2) The subject image is guided to each image section in the above-described bisected screen frame so that the vertical direction thereof coincides with the short side direction of the image section, and in the case of the high-definition size, coincides with the slightly longer side. It has two reflecting optical elements and one set for each system, or one set for the entire system, and two systems for taking light beam entrances (entrance pupils) arranged side by side at intervals of 65 mm or more. Photographing Optical System In each of the two photographing optical systems arranged side by side, two reflecting surfaces are arranged so that the subject image is guided to each of the two divided sections. The first reflecting surface on which the light rays from the subject are incident is arranged, for example, inclined by about 45 degrees inward with respect to the light rays so that the light rays are reflected inward with respect to each other, for example, about 90 degrees. The attitude of the second reflecting surface differs depending on the method.

The taking lens may be provided in each of the two optical systems, or a set of taking lenses common to the two optical systems may be provided. The method provided for each of the two systems is suitable for cameras dedicated to stereoscopic image shooting, and is common to the two systems.
The method supported by the pair of lenses is suitable for an attachment for stereoscopic photography, which is attached to an ordinary camera. The 2P method,
In the 2C direction and P / H method, the posture in which the second reflecting surface is arranged is different with respect to the image section.

When one set of photographing lenses is provided for each of the two optical systems, it is desirable that the photographing lenses are arranged between the two reflecting mirrors in order to downsize the optical system.
In case of 2P system and taking lens in each optical system (2)
In addition to this, the following configuration is adopted. (A) Two reflecting surfaces arranged in parallel with each other in one optical system For simplification, two systems of imaging light beam intake ports are provided on the left and right.
It is assumed that they are separated from each other by 5 mm or more, and are vertically displaced by one half of the vertical dimension of the screen frame (vertical dimension of a section divided into two horizontally). A light flux from a sufficiently distant subject is incident substantially parallel to the first reflection surface of each photographing optical system, which is provided at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the incident light flux from the two-system photographing light flux inlets. Then, with respect to the main incident light flux, as an example, the second reflecting surfaces of the respective photographing optical systems that are respectively inclined by 45 ° are made incident on the respective image sections to form respective subject images from two viewpoints.

In the above description, for simplification of the description, the image pickup light beam inlet is vertically displaced by a half-vertical screen frame, and the reflecting mirror is arranged so that incident and reflection are all performed at 45 °. The explanation was given assuming that the In practice, the fact that the shooting light flux inlet is vertically displaced by half a vertical screen frame does not significantly hinder stereoscopic viewing when viewing a reproduced image, but ideally the shooting light flux inlet is horizontal. It is preferable to line up. In order to arrange the inlet for the photographing light flux horizontally, while keeping the first and second reflecting surfaces of each photographing optical system in parallel, each optical system has the same θ degree with the axis perpendicular to the photosensitive surface as the rotation axis. Just turn it in the direction.

Θ = tan ⁻¹ (V / 2A) V: short side of screen frame A: interval between photographic light beam intake ports (provided that sin θ ≈ tan θ) The rotation of θ degrees of the above optical system is performed by the exit pupil of the photographic lens. If it is large, the second reflecting mirror of each photographic optical system may cause "kicking" in the section on the other side. In this case, the rotation may be limited to the range of θ ′ degree.

Θ ′ = tan ⁻¹ {(V−2D) / 2A} D: Diameter of exit pupil of photographing lens Although the above-mentioned rotation was performed by rotating each optical system with an axis perpendicular to the photosensitive surface (film surface) as a rotation axis. In order to miniaturize the optical system,
Similarly to the above-mentioned rotation around the axis parallel to the short side of the shooting screen, while keeping the first and second reflecting surfaces, the optical system is rotated in a direction in which the angle formed by the second reflecting surface and the film surface becomes smaller. May be set. Further, the main rotation and the rotation of θ or θ ′ degrees may be performed at the same time. As long as the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface are kept parallel, the subject image will not tilt.

When a common photographic lens is provided in the two optical systems, typically, in the case of a stereoscopic photographic attachment which is usually attached to the main body lens of a camera, a case where a photographic lens is provided in each optical system and a reflecting surface are used. The arrangement of is almost the same.
However, the light ray incident from the center of the exit pupil of the taking lens to the center of each image section is a quarter angle of the vertical angle of view (half the angle of the vertical angle of view of the image section) with respect to the optical axis of the taking lens. ) Is attached, and means for correcting this deviation is required. Further, in order to miniaturize the optical system, it is desirable to form the reflecting surface with a prism. For details, see FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG.
Will be described in the description of the embodiment shown in FIG.

In the case of the 2C system, the following configuration is adopted. (A) In order to reflect the light fluxes reflected substantially horizontally in the center direction of the photographic screen by the first reflecting surface upward or downward substantially vertically, the light fluxes reflected substantially horizontally are directed upward or downward. The second reflecting surface provided at an angle of about 45 ° The relationship between the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface corresponds to a part of the first half (or the second half) of the Polo 2 type reflection optical system. The basic relationship between the two reflecting surfaces is that they form an angle of 60 ° with each other.

Due to the action of the second reflecting surface arranged as described above, the subject image becomes 9 in the vertical direction of the original subject.
You will fall 0 degrees. When the screen frame is placed horizontally long and the image sections are placed vertically long, the subject images from two viewpoints formed by this method will lie sideways with their heads or legs in contact with each other. The side direction and the vertical direction of the subject match. In the case where a common taking lens is provided for the two optical systems, that is, in the case of an attachment for stereoscopic photography which is typically attached to the main body lens of a camera, the case where the taking lens is provided in each optical system and the arrangement of the reflecting surface Are approximately equal. Details will be described in the description of the embodiment shown in FIG.

In the case of the P / H system, the following configuration is adopted. (A) A second reflecting surface arranged in parallel to the first reflecting surface in each optical system. The second reflecting surface is perpendicular to the light ray incident from the subject and is divided into two vertical divisions, and the upper and lower parts are cut off. Each inverted subject is formed on the screen frame (a panorama size or a high definition size screen for a 35 mm full size screen, etc.).

As described above, the 2P system, the 2C system, and the P / H system are all two image capturing optical systems, and the image of the subject from two viewpoints is divided into two image sections divided into one screen frame.
The vertical direction of the subject image is formed so as to coincide with the short side direction of the image section (so as to coincide with the slightly longer long side when the screen is a high-definition size). The above is basically characterized by being configured as in (1) and (2). Two subject images recorded from two viewpoints on the left and right are contained in the screen frame to be reproduced, and the reproduced image is displayed as it is.
A stereoscopic image can be viewed when viewed with a viewing device corresponding to each of the P system, the 2C system, and the P / H system.

The viewing device for the images recorded and reproduced by the 2P system stereoscopic photographing device is (3) arranged side by side at the positions corresponding to both eyes and having a thickness gradient in mutually opposite directions in the vertical direction. It is characterized by having a number of eyepiece prisms. However, in the present invention, it is not necessary to provide two eyepiece prisms,
As described above, for example, one eyepiece prism that vertically deflects at least one of the two light fluxes may be provided.

Each of the eyepiece prisms disposed on the left and right at positions corresponding to both eyes has a thickness gradient in directions opposite to each other at least in the vertical direction, and deflects the passing light flux in the vertical direction. In the horizontal direction, a slight thickness gradient may be applied to slightly adjust the vergence. For example, a print of a two-step upper and lower 2P system photograph stretched to a size of 89 × 126 mm is placed vertically so that the subject image is upright, and the center of the print (the center of the upper and lower division boundaries) is set. When viewing from a clear visual distance of 250 mm on a perpendicular line, the visual axis angles of the center points of the upper and lower image divisions with respect to the upper and lower division boundary lines are about 5.09 °, respectively, from the centers of the image divisions. Rays of light that have emitted the same amount of light and have reached the same height through the clear visual distance of 250 mm while approaching each other at an angle of about ± 5.09 ° in the vertical direction
When passing through an eyepiece prism formed with an apex angle of 10.2 °, each will be refracted by about 5.09 ° and proceed horizontally.
The viewer can see the subject image divided into the upper and lower two image sections at the same height. Regarding the optical path in the horizontal direction, the eyepiece prism does not have a refraction effect when the thickness gradient in the horizontal direction is not provided, so that it does not differ from the normal visual distance convergence angle (inside and outside 14.5 °), A natural visual axis is obtained.

If the viewer places the two-stage upper and lower 2P type prints clearly and observes them with the viewing device, he or she can obtain stereoscopic vision with a natural sensation that is the same as normal vision. When viewing a large size print, for example, a print twice as large as the above size, the print size (correctly, the vertical dimension of the print) is set so that the viewing distance is doubled, that is, 500 mm.
You can watch it at a distance proportional to. When it is desired not to keep the print away, it is sufficient to superimpose two of the above eyepiece prisms for viewing. Also, when you want to get close to a normal-sized print, you can stack two eyepiece prisms and watch.

Further, not only the images photographed, recorded and reproduced in the upper and lower two stages, but also the images from the two left and right viewpoints may be arranged vertically for viewing regardless of the method of photographing, recording and reproducing. The shape of the eyepiece prism may be a Fresnel prism.
The contour shape of the eyepiece prism is circular, elliptical, deformed water drop type,
It may be square, rectangular, or the like. Further, in order to prevent the eyepiece prism portion from being scratched, a convex portion may be provided in the peripheral portion of the prism. It may be a spectacle type with a nose rest, an ear rest, etc., or a magnifying glass type with a knob. The arm may extend forward from the eyepiece prism portion and the print set member may be attached first.

In addition to the 2P system print, the present stereoscopic photo viewing apparatus can view not only the 2P type prints but also the normal two prints from the negative film of two frames photographed by shifting the viewpoint horizontally with a normal camera. Stereoscopic viewing can be obtained by arranging two prints vertically and simply adjusting the viewing distance, as described above. Even a panoramic type print with a print size of 89 × 254 mm and an aspect ratio of the screen close to 1: 3 can be stereoscopically viewed by the viewing device of the present invention by arranging them vertically. In other words, it is a great advantage that two object image prints from two viewpoints can be viewed vertically instead of horizontally. If you try to view a long print side by side like a conventional ornamental device, it will be a noticeable bush glaring, and a large device will be needed to eliminate the bush glazing.

However, when viewing a wide print horizontally,
The field of view spreads laterally, and there is a non-negligible difference between the viewing distance at the center of the print and the viewing distance at the sides of the print (1 / cos
ω) -1 (ω: 1/2 viewing angle) occurs, and they appear to be arched shapes that warp each other up and down. In order to prevent the bow-like distortion, it is desirable to curl the horizontally long print in an arc shape centered on the middle of both eyepieces.

A viewing device for an image reproduced and reproduced by a 2C stereoscopic photographing device is typically (4) a light beam which is emitted almost vertically from the reproduced image and is incident along the first optical path. A first reflecting surface inclined by about 45 ° with respect to the second reflecting surface, and a second reflecting surface inclined by about 45 ° with respect to a light beam reflected from the first reflecting surface and incident along the second optical path, The optical system is composed of two optical systems each having an eyepiece through which a light beam reflected from the second reflecting surface and traveling along the third optical path passes, and the first optical paths of both optical systems are substantially parallel to each other. The second optical paths of the optical systems are substantially on a straight line, the traveling directions of light are opposite to each other, the third optical paths of the both optical systems are substantially parallel to each other, and the first optical path and the second optical path are substantially parallel to each other. The optical path, the second optical path and the third optical path form a substantially right angle, and when viewed from an extension of the second optical path. When the first optical path and the third optical path perpendicular generally.

A pair of first, which constitutes the stereoscopic viewing device,
The arrangement of the second reflection surface is similar to that of the first half (or the second half) of the Polo 2 type reflection optical system 2 type. As described above, the angle formed by the first and second reflecting surfaces is 60 °
Is. The image viewed by the viewing device is not placed on the extension of the line of sight of the observer but on the optical axis perpendicular to the line of sight. That is, when the viewer's line of sight is in the horizontal direction, the reproduced image is placed upward (or downward).

The vertical movement of the two object images can be adjusted by moving the image in the left-right direction, and the convergence (visual axis) can be obtained by moving the image in the vertical direction (moving closer to the front or moving away from the other side). Can be adjusted. Conversely, the height and convergence of both images can be adjusted even if the viewing device is slightly turned without moving the images. In other words, this system also adjusts the optical system (adjusts the installation angle of the reflective surface)
The stereoscopic view can be obtained by simply adjusting the position of the object to be watched.

As with the 2P system viewing apparatus described above, it is possible to view a horizontally long print. In this case, a long image will be developed from the near side to the other side for the observer, so when observing on a desk, the observer's body becomes an obstacle, so the length of the image is limited. However, if the photo print is placed face down on the ceiling, there is no limit on the length. This method of displaying images on the ceiling is
It is effective as a display method that is not disturbed by people's heads at exhibitions, show venues, etc. where many people come and go.

The pair of first reflecting surface and second reflecting surface constituting the stereoscopic viewing device may be a reflecting mirror or may be replaced with a prism having a reflecting action. Record by P / H method,
The reproduced image can be viewed with a conventional viewing device, for example, a Brewster's stereoscope, after sufficiently adjusting the distance between the two images.

[0072]

The two light fluxes from a relatively distant subject are made incident substantially in parallel from the photographing light flux inlets of the two-system photographing optical systems, are reflected by the first reflecting surface at a substantially right angle, and are substantially reflected by the second reflecting surface. Each of the light beams is reflected at a right angle, passes through the photographing lens in any optical path in the optical system, enters each section in the photographing screen, and forms a subject image.

In the cases other than the high-definition size two-division method, the short side direction of each image section in the photographing screen frame and the vertical direction of the subject are made to coincide (or the left and right direction of the subject image and the long side direction of the image section are made to coincide. Therefore, if the subject image is erected, it becomes a horizontally long image section. However, in the case of high-definition size, the image section is slightly vertical. The stereoscopic image system adopting the present invention is based on the current general image system, and by using the apparatus of the present invention only for the recording device which is the entrance of the image and the final viewing device, it is completely different from the normal image system. It can be operated with no running cost, and the image of the subject from two viewpoints is reproduced in each horizontally long (slightly vertically long in the case of high-definition size) image section on the screen and viewed with the viewing device that suits each method. When,
You can view a horizontally long stereoscopic image at a clear viewing distance by adjusting the position of the image slightly, without applying undue stress to the visual organs.

In addition to normal vision, it is important for a general amateur viewing apparatus to be able to view an image at a clear vision distance on the assumption that the glasses are corrected to the clear vision distance. . In order to see a larger image, the method of bringing it closer than the distance of clear vision and observing with a magnifying glass changes convergence when the interpupillary distance is different, and when trying to adapt to anyone, there is a means to adjust the interocular distance. You will need
Not only becomes complicated but also difficult to handle. However, this is not the case as long as it has a weak convex lens component that does not significantly affect the convergence. When you need to look large, use a playback device to increase the magnification (for example,
Larger prints, larger TV screens) is a wise way.

The ornamental device of the present invention, in particular, the 2P type ornamental device can be used as an ornamental device which is not affected by the lateral width up to an image having a wide lateral width such as a panoramic photograph or even an entire circumference image. Further, in the conventional viewing of a three-dimensional movie, an image projected on a metal screen through a polarizing filter is viewed through polarizing glasses. In the projection method of a stereoscopic movie that uses a polarizing filter, the light flux will pass through two polarizing filters throughout the projection and viewing system.
The amount of light falls to about a quarter. When viewed with the naked eye, the images from the two left and right viewpoints appear to overlap and are not images that can be appreciated.

When the photographing device and the viewing device of the present invention are used, no light amount loss for realizing stereoscopic vision occurs. Moreover, it is not necessary to take special consideration such as using a metallic reflective material on the projection screen surface. Editing work is also greatly reduced. If the viewing distance is decided in a theater,
It is necessary to change the apex angle of the eyepiece prism and the like according to the viewing distance and perform visual axis correction according to the viewing distance.

Although a simple method for realizing a stereoscopic television has not been heretofore found, it can be easily performed by watching a video having two image sections by the image recording apparatus of the present invention with the viewing apparatus of the present invention. Realize 3D TV. As a matter of course, the present invention can be applied not only to general television and video but also to stereoscopic imaging of computer graphics, CAD, video games, and virtual reality.

If the Fresnel prism is used as the eyepiece prism of the 2P type viewing device, it can be pressed to a thickness of 1 mm or less and can be attached to a publication.
Publication of stereoscopic images becomes possible. Similar to binoculars, the standard of the perspective of a stereoscopic image through the shooting system, the reproduction system, and the viewing system is a specific lift degree SP (specific plastic).
yy), total lift TP (total plus)
It can be represented by

SP = A / A 'TP = mA / A' A: Distance between entrance pupils of photographing optical system A ': Distance between pupils of viewers (Japanese average is 63 mm) m: Image magnification If the total degree of uplifting TP is 1, the perspective is equal to the real scene. Taking the negative color film / color print of the photographic system as an example, the image magnification m is as follows. However, no magnifying lens is used in the eyepiece.

M = n · f / D n: print magnification (L size: about 4.2, 2L size:
Approximately 6) f: Focal length of photographic optical system (assuming 35 mm) D: Clear vision distance, that is, 250 mm ∴m = 0.588 (for L size) m = 0.84 (for 2L size) Therefore, under the above conditions, the distance A between the entrance pupils of the photographing optical system for setting the total degree of lift TP to 1 is 107 mm for L size prints and 75 mm for 2L size prints.

The table below shows the entrance pupil spacing of the photographic optical system when the focal length and print magnification are varied. ─────────────────────────────── Photographic optical system focal length (mm) 28 35 45 50 50 Print L size 134 107 107 83 75 2L size 94 75 58 35 ─────────────────────────────── Based on the most popular L size print at present It can be said from the above table that the entrance pupil distances of the 2P system and 2C system imaging systems are desirable.

In the 2P system, the standard focal length of the compact camera is 35 mm, which is almost the same as the 35 mm full-size field angle, and the entrance pupil distance is around 107 mm. In the 2C system, the half size standard focal length is 28 mm. It is desirable that the distance between the entrance pupils is about 134 mm by adopting millimeters. This is the reason why the above description is approximately 65 mm or more.

When viewing an actual landscape with both eyes, the maximum distance (visual stereoscopic radius) that can reliably discriminate the perspective is 650 meters, and the value obtained by multiplying this distance by the total uplifting degree TP is It is the stereoscopic radius of the system. If the stereoscopic image capturing / reproducing system is designed so that the total degree of uplifting TP approaches 1, a stereoscopic radius of 650 meters equivalent to that of the naked eye can be obtained.

In human vision, the angle of convergence is involved in grasping the size of an object. When the visual magnification is constant and the vergence angle (the angle formed by both visual axes) changes, it is perceived as if the magnification had changed subjectively, and the vergence angle becomes larger as the vergence angle approaches parallel. Even in a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus, it is desirable to arrange the stereoscopic images so that their visual axes are parallel to each other when it is desired to make the object look large. When it is desired to view at an angle smaller than the vergence angle of 14.5 ° of the distance of clear vision, in the 2P system, a thickness gradient may be provided in the horizontal direction of the eyepiece prism to adjust the vergence. Further, in the 2C system, the position where the print is placed may be adjusted.

[0085]

EXAMPLE FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a 2P system (panorama size 12 × 36 mm 2 sections) stereoscopic camera using a 35 mm film. FIG. 1 shows only a photographing optical system and a photosensitive material which are basically essential for stereoscopic photographing. (A) is provided inclined 45 ° approximately to the inside with respect to 65 millimeter out more distant optical axis a _1, b ₁ photographing light beam spreads around the inlet 9a, 9b (b) optical axes a _1, b ₁ to the left and right First reflecting mirrors 7a and 7b (c) Optical axis a of the light flux reflected by the first reflecting mirrors 7a and 7b
_2, b ₂ on the arranged photographic lens 1a, 1b (d) the optical axis a _2, b ₂ on the first reflecting mirror 7a, the opposite side of 7b, the screen frame with respect to the optical axis a _2, b ₂ The second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b, which are tilted to the 2 side by about 45 ° and are provided substantially parallel to the first reflecting mirrors 7a and 7b (e) The optical axis a of the light flux reflected by the second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b
₃ image section 3a extending perpendicular to, b _3, 3b is provided.

As described above, the photographing light beam inlet 9a,
9b is vertically shifted by one half of the vertical dimension of the shooting screen (12 mm in the case of 35 mm full size screen), and if it is not required to downsize the optical system to the utmost, first, The second reflecting mirrors 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b are arranged at 45 ° with respect to the optical axes a ₁ , b ₁ , a ₂ , b _{2 of the} incident light beams.
May be tilted.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the photographing light beam inlets 9a and 9b are arranged substantially horizontally, and the first reflecting mirror is provided so that the camera body 4 can be downsized (the thickness of the camera body 5 in the front-rear direction can be shortened). While keeping the second reflecting mirror in parallel with each other, the axis perpendicular to the film surface, for example, the axes a ₃ and b ₃ are rotated by θ degrees or θ ′ degrees, and the axis parallel to the short side of the photographing screen is the rotation axis. As the surfaces 3a and 3b of the photographing section and the second reflecting mirror 8
It is rotated in a direction in which the angle formed by a and 8b becomes smaller.

The taking lenses 1a and 1b are provided with first reflecting mirrors 7a and 7b and second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b for downsizing.
It is placed between The photographing light flux is taken by the photographing lenses 1a and 1b.
Since it is narrowed down as it gets closer to the shooting lens 1a,
Arranging 1b between the first reflecting mirrors 7a and 7b and the second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b is an effective means for making the optical system compact.

A light shielding plate may be provided on the boundary line of the sections in order to block stray light from the sections adjacent to each other in the photographing screen. Further, in order to achieve miniaturization, it is desirable that the film cartridge 4a and the film winding portion 4b be provided on the back side of the second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b. In order to prevent dust from adhering to the first reflecting mirrors 7a, 7b, etc., the photographing light beam intake ports 9a, 9b may be covered with a plane transparent member.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a photographing apparatus having a solid-state image pickup device. The arrangement of the optical system is almost the same as that of the photographic film photographing camera shown in FIG. The solid-state image pickup device 25 is arranged at a position corresponding to the film surface, and each subject image formed in the image sections 3a and 3b is converted into an electric signal by the image pickup device 25, and passes through the image processing circuit 23 to a magnetic tape or an IC card. And the like are recorded on the recording medium 24.

Photographing lenses 1a and 1b arranged in the optical system.
May be a zoom lens. In this case, the zoom function of both zoom lenses 1a and 1b is controlled by the zoom control circuit 21, and the distance adjustment is controlled by the distance adjustment circuit 22. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a stereoscopic photography attachment for an interchangeable lens type camera. If it is attached to the front of a normal shooting lens, the stereoscopic shooting attachment becomes larger. In order to prevent an increase in size, the subject primary images once formed near the field lenses 27a and 27b by the taking lenses 1a and 1b are re-formed on the image sections by the relay lenses 26a and 26b. The arrangement of the reflecting mirrors 7a, 8a, 7b, 8b is substantially the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. The relay lens part 26 and the reflective optical attachment part 6 may be separable,
You may integrate.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show an embodiment of a stereoscopic photographing attachment attached to the front surface of the photographing lens fixed to the photographing device. In FIG. 5, the reflecting surface is deleted and the height relationship between the optical axes a and b is clearly shown. This attachment is used by being attached to the front surface of the photographing lens 1 fixed to the photographing apparatus main body.

In order to prevent the attachment from increasing in size, the main body lens 1 is a zoom lens, for example, a horizontal angle of view 30
° The focal length is set so that it is not more than the inside and outside, and a prism is adopted as the reflective optical element. In order to facilitate the description, the light rays will be traced in the opposite direction, and description will be made sequentially from the image sections 3a and 3b side.

Light rays emitted from the centers of the image sections 3a and 3b
Is the optical axis a_Five , B_Five Follow along, and pass the shooting lens 1.
Crosses and enters the first prisms 29a and 29b,
Optical axis a_Four , B_Four Along with the reflecting surfaces 29a ', 29
reflected by b ', a₃ , B ₃ Follow along the first supplement
The direction is changed horizontally by the positive prisms 30a and 30b.
A₂ , B₂ Follow along.

The rays redirected horizontally are
The light is incident on the prisms 28a and 28b, and the reflecting surfaces 28a 'and 2
8b ', and the optical axis a₁ , B₁ Follow along
It goes out of the second prisms 28a and 28b to reach the subject.
Inclined optical axis a_Five , B_Five ~ A ₃ , B₃ Rays traveling along
Is oriented horizontally by the first correction prisms 30a and 30b.
Can be changed, but there is a vertical shift H
And when going out of the second prisms 28a, 28b,
The gap H is left. The displacement amount H is a great obstacle to stereoscopic vision.
No, but ideally nothing better than zero
Yes.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show an embodiment in which the above-mentioned deviation H of the optical axis is zero. Also for this figure, image sections 3a and 3b
It is assumed that the light goes backward from the side. This embodiment is shown in FIG.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and the second correction prisms 31a, 31
The difference is that b is added. The first correction prism 30a,
The refractive power of 30b is strengthened to make it excessively refracted, and the deviation amount H between the optical axes of a ₁ and b _{1 is} set to zero at the positions of the second correction prisms 31a and 31b, and the weak refraction of the second correction prisms 31a and 31b is performed. By the action, the optical axes a ₁ and b ₁ are corrected to the optical axes a ₀ and b ₀ traveling on the same plane. First correction prisms 30a, 30
b is a high-refraction low-dispersion optical material, and the second correction prism 31
The chromatic aberration may be corrected by a combination such as using low refractive index and high dispersion optical materials for a and 31b.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a 2C system (cine size 18 × 24 mm 2 sections) stereoscopic camera using 35 mm film. FIG. 8 shows only the photographing optical system, finder, and photosensitive material which are basically essential for stereoscopic photographing. Book 2C
The system stereoscopic camera has the following configuration. (A) Imaging light beam inlets 9a, 9b that spread around the optical axes a ₁ and b ₁ which are separated from each other by 65 mm to the left and right (b) are provided at an angle of about 45 ° inward with respect to the optical axes a ₁ and b ₁ . First reflecting mirrors 7a, 7b (c) Optical axis a of the light beam reflected by the first reflecting mirrors 7a, 7b
_2, b ₂ on the arranged photographic lens 1a, 1b (d) the optical axis a _2, b ₂ on the first reflecting mirror 7a, on the opposite side of 7b, about 45 relative to the optical axis a _2, b ₂ 2nd reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b tilted downward (e) Optical axis a of the light flux reflected by the second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b
_3, b ₃ spreads perpendicular to the image sections 3a, 3b are provided.

The above-mentioned first reflecting mirrors 7a and 7b and the second reflecting mirror 8
The reflective optical system formed by a and 8b is composed of taking lenses 1a and 1a.
If b is deleted and considered, it has a function equivalent to a part of the first half (or the second half) of the Polo mirror type 2. As described above, the first reflecting mirrors 7a and 7b and the second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b
The angle formed by is about 60 °. For distant subjects,
All the reflecting mirrors are installed at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the optical axis that enters and reflects.

In other words, the optical axis a₁ , B₁ And optical axis a
₂ , B₂ And the optical axis a₂ , B₂ And optical axis a ₃ , B₃ Is that
Forming a right angle and the optical axis a₂ , B₂ View from above
Optical axis a₁ , B₁ And optical axis a₃ , B₃ Each form a right angle
You Also, the optical axis a₁ And optical axis b₁ , Optical axis a₂ And optical axis b₂ Over
And optical axis a₃ And optical axis b₃ Are parallel to each other. Especially the optical axis a
₂ , B₂ Are on the same straight line.

If the tilt angle of the reflecting mirror deviates from 45 ° and the right angle relationship between the optical axes is broken, the subject image may be tilted or the parallelism of the photographing light beam optical axes a ₁ and b ₁ may be lost. Bushing of the optical axes of both optical systems occurs. For close subjects,
While the optical axis _{a 2, b 2, a 3} , b 3 kept the above conditions, such that the optical axes a ₁ and the optical axis b ₁ intersect near object distance position, the first reflecting mirror 7a, 7b placed in the The angle may be adjusted by rotating it about a vertical axis.

Also in this 2C system stereoscopic camera, the first reflecting mirrors 7a and 7b and the second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b are not always functionally required.
It is not necessary to arrange the taking lenses 1a and 1b between
Since the photographing light flux is narrowed down as it approaches the photographing lenses 1a and 1b, the photographing lenses 1a and 1b are connected to the first reflecting mirrors 7a and 7b.
Arranging between b and the second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b is an effective means for downsizing the optical system.

In order to prevent dust from adhering to the first reflecting mirrors 7a, 7b, etc., the photographing light beam intake ports 9a, 9b may be covered with a plane transparent member. Arranging the finder optical system 10 in the V-shaped valley formed on the back surfaces of the second reflecting mirrors 8a and 8b is an effective means for downsizing the camera body. FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of a stereoscopic photographing attachment attached to the front surface of the photographing lens fixed to the photographing device.

The light rays from the subject travel along the optical axes a ₁ and b ₁ , are incident on the second prisms 28a and 28b, and are reflected by the reflecting surfaces 28a 'and 28b' at a substantially right angle.
₂ and ₂ inwardly, respectively, and downwardly reflected by the reflecting surfaces 29a ′ and 29b ′ of the first prisms 29a and 29b, and intersect in the photographing lens 1 to cross the image sections 3a and 3b.
Each of them is incident on b and forms a subject image.

In the 2C system, the orientation of the subject image formed in each of the left and right image sections differs depending on which part of the photographing optical system the photographing lens is arranged. In the embodiment of the stereoscopic image taking apparatus shown in FIG. 9, one taking lens 1 is provided commonly to the left and right taking optical systems a and b.
The subject images formed by the left and right optical systems a and b lie on the left and right image sections 3a and 3b with their legs in contact with each other.

In the embodiment of the stereoscopic image taking apparatus shown in FIG. 8, one taking lens 1a, 1b is provided in each of the left and right taking optical systems a, b, and both the left and right optical systems a, b are provided.
The subject images of b lie on the left and right image sections 3a and 3b with their heads in contact with each other. Therefore, there are stereoscopic image viewing apparatuses and viewing methods suitable for the respective postures of the images.

A photographic film may be arranged in the image sections 3a and 3b, or a solid-state image sensor may be arranged to output an image signal. FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a P / H type camera using 35 mm film. Two image sections 3a and 3b are formed in the panorama size screen frame formed by covering the upper and lower portions of the 35 mm full size screen frame 2 with the panorama size shading plate 32. Object images from both systems a and b are formed in the image sections 3a and 3b. Reflector 7a
The reflecting mirror 8a, the reflecting mirror 7b, and the reflecting mirror 8b are arranged in parallel, and the taking lenses 1a and 1b are arranged between the reflecting mirrors in order to downsize the optical system. Light rays from the subject travel along optical axes a ₁ , a ₂ , a ₃ and optical axes b ₁ , b ₂ , b ₃ and enter image sections 3a, 3b.

Since the light-shielding plate 32 covers almost half of the original screen frame, this photographing method can be applied only to a system having a margin of image quality, for example, a photographic film of 35 mm format or more. FIG. 11 shows another P / H method 3
An example of a camera using 5 mm film is shown. This example is different from the example shown in FIG. 10 in the position where the taking lens 1 is arranged. In other words, a single shooting lens 1 common to both the a and b optical systems is provided. Furthermore, it is suitable for attachment for stereoscopic photography, which is attached to a camera compatible with panoramic size.

In the P / H system, the left and right arrangement of the recorded and reproduced image sections differs depending on which part of the photographing optical system the imaging lens of the photographing device is provided. In the embodiment of the photographing apparatus shown in FIG. 11, the photographing lens 1 is commonly provided to the left and right photographing optical systems a and b, and the subject image guided by the photographing optical system a on the left side as viewed from the photographer side is reproduced. The image of the subject that appears as an image in the right image section when viewed from the viewer and is guided by the photographic optical system b on the left side when viewed from the photographer appears in the left image section as viewed as a reproduced image. Therefore, normal stereoscopic vision can be obtained by the viewing device in which the right-side reproduced image is viewed by the left eye and the right-side reproduced image is viewed by the right eye.

In the embodiment of the photographing apparatus shown in FIG. 10,
The photographic lenses 1a and 1 are attached to the left and right photographic optical systems a and b respectively
b is provided, and the subject image guided by the photographing optical system a on the right side of the photographer appears as a reproduced image in the image section on the left side of the viewer, and is guided by the photographing optical system b on the left side of the photographer. The subject image appears in the image section on the right side as viewed from the viewer as a reproduced image. Therefore, a normal stereoscopic view can be obtained by the viewing device in which the left reproduced image is viewed by the right eye and the right reproduced image is viewed by the left eye.

Therefore, the P / H type stereoscopic image viewing apparatus has different types depending on the arrangement position of the photographing lens of the photographing optical system. FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of a 2P system viewing device. The constituent elements of this apparatus are two eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b that have thickness gradients in opposite directions in the vertical direction. The reproduced image 14 located in front of the eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b and separated by a clear vision distance of 250 mm is divided into upper and lower image sections 14a and 14b, which originate from the center of each image section and pass through the eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b. Ray 13
The light rays a and 13b are refracted and are seen as if they were the light rays 12a and 12b emitted from the central portion of the image division boundary line.

The specifications of the eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b are determined by the following conditions. (1) Viewing distance It is desirable that the distance is 250 mm for clear vision. When targeting prints of various sizes, TV screens, and movie screens, it is necessary to change them depending on the situation. (2) Size of Viewing Object Assume that a print of 89 × 126 mm (commonly referred to as L size) is divided into upper and lower two sections of each image section 44.5 × 126 mm. In this case, what is important is the distance of 44.5 mm between the upper and lower image division corresponding points, regardless of the width.

When (1) the viewing distance and (2) the size of the reproduced image are determined, the refraction angle required by the light flux from the viewing object is determined. In case of L size print, it becomes 5.09 °. If the refractive index of the prism material is 1.5, the apex angle of the prism is about 10.2 °. Print size 128x178 mm (commonly known as 2
L size), the distance between the upper and lower image division corresponding points is 6
It will be 4 mm, which is about 1.4 times the viewing distance of 350 mm.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the thickness gradient of the right eyepiece prism 11a of the viewer is negative in the upward direction, and the thickness gradient of the left eyepiece prism 11b is positive in the upward direction. The layout is adapted to the image sections 14a and 14b of the reproduced image 14 printed from the image sections 3a and 3b of the film photographed by the photographing optical system shown. Therefore, the thickness gradient of the eyepiece prism shown in FIG. 12 must be reversed in the reproduced image from the film photographed by the photographing device in which the reflecting mirror of the photographing optical system is reversed.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of the television / video system watching apparatus. A video signal generated by the image pickup apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is received via a recording medium such as a video tape, or by wire or wirelessly, and is reproduced in the image sections 14a and 14b of the television screen 14 to reproduce the present invention. Stereoscopic viewing is obtained by viewing with the eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b of the viewing device. Further, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the television receivers 33a and 33b having a horizontally long screen such as a high-definition television may be vertically stacked for viewing.

FIG. 15 shows an embodiment in which the width of the print is long. When the width of the print becomes large, the viewing distance from the eyepiece prism differs between the center part of the print and both sides.
If you keep the print flat, the image will warp up and down and you will see bow-like distortions. As shown in FIG. 15, the print is curved in a cylindrical shape having a radius R as a set viewing distance centering around the middle of the two eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b to prevent bow distortion. Further, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, reproduced images and movie screens that spread over the entire circumference can be viewed with this type of viewing apparatus.

FIG. 17 shows another embodiment of the eyepiece prism. As shown in FIG. 17, the eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b may be Fresnel prisms whose thickness changes like a saw blade.
FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of the present invention in a publication. When the Fresnel prisms 11a and 11b are used as the eyepiece prisms, they can be formed as thin as about 1 mm, so that they can be attached as booklets, and the image of the publication can be attached to the prescribed image sections 14a and 1b.
If printed on 4b, the image of the publication can be easily three-dimensionalized.

Since any shape is used for the synthetic resin molding, molding can be performed in one shot, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The contour shapes of the eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b may be any of a circle, an ellipse, a modified water drop shape, a square, and a rectangle. Further, in order to prevent the eyepiece prism portion from being scratched, a convex portion may be provided in the peripheral portion of the prism. Further, it may be molded or assembled into a spectacle shape with a nose rest or an ear rest, or may be a magnifying glass type with a knob. An arm may extend forward from the eyepiece prism portion, and a member for fixing the print may be attached to the tip of the arm. Furthermore, consideration may be given to folding these various members.

FIGS. 19 and 20 show an embodiment of the apex variable α eyepiece prism for coping with changes in the viewing distance or the vertical dimension of the image. The embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is a prism with variable apex angle α, which is composed of a container including side members 41 and 42 having flexibility and a transparent flat member 44, and a transparent liquid 43 filled in the container. Is. A force is applied in the direction of the arrow to change the apex angle α. The embodiment shown in FIG. 20 is a variable apex angle α prism including wedge-shaped disc-shaped prisms 45 and 46 in which gears 45G and 46G are engraved on the periphery and a gear 47 which meshes with both gears 45G and 46G.

When the gear 47 is rotated by means not shown, the wedge-shaped disc prisms 45 and 46 rotate in mutually opposite directions, and the apex angle α changes. The state shown in FIG.
The wedge-shaped disc-shaped prisms 45 and 46 are in a state in which the thickness gradients are directed in the same direction and the apex angle is maximum, and the apex angle α becomes zero in a state in which they are rotated 90 degrees in opposite directions from this state. Figure 1
By adopting the variable apex angle prism shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 20 as an eyepiece prism on at least one side of the viewing device, it is possible to provide a viewing device capable of handling various image sizes and various viewing distances.

FIG. 21 shows an embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus capable of responding to changes in the viewing distance and changes in the image section size by rotating the eyepiece prisms arranged on the left and right without changing the apex angle of the eyepiece prism. Show. In FIG. 21,
The eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b, each having a wedge-shaped cross section and substantially the same thickness gradient, are rotatably held by members (not shown).
Gears 47a and 47b are attached and meshed around 1a and 11b. Eyepiece prism 1 as initial state
As shown in FIG. 21, the thickness gradients of the cross sections of 1a and 11b are arranged in opposite directions in the vertical direction. This state is equivalent to the embodiment of the stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in FIG.

When the eyepiece prism 11a is rotated clockwise by the displacement amount Ra, the eyepiece prism 11b is rotated counterclockwise by the displacement amount Rb via the gears 47a and 47b. In the initial state, they are emitted from the center of the image section (not shown), pass through the points Pa1 and Pb1, and the optical axes 17a and 1
The light ray traveling along 7b passes through the eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b, and then travels along the visual axes 13a and 13b to enter the pupil. Eyepiece lenses 11a and 11b have a certain displacement Ra,
In the state in which Rb is rotated, points Pa2 and Pb2 are rotated from the points Pa1 and Pb1 by displacement amounts Qa and Qb, respectively.
Rays of light passing through the optical axes 18a and 18b pass through the eyepiece prisms 11a and 11b, travel on the visual axes 13a and 13b, and enter the pupil.

The horizontal axis (X) of the respective displacement amounts Qa and Qb
X-axis components XQa and XQb are equal, and vertical-axis (Y-axis) component Q
The absolute values of a and Qb are equal, but the directions are opposite. That is, the vergence does not change, but the vertical direction of the visual axis relatively changes, and it is possible to cope with a change in the viewing distance or a change in the vertical dimension of the image section. FIG. 22 shows an embodiment of the 2C system viewing device, more specifically, a subject image obtained from the embodiment of the photographic device in which photographic lenses 1a and 1b are provided in the photographic optical systems of system a and system b shown in FIG. An example of an ornamental device is shown. The constituent elements of this apparatus consist of two systems of optical systems a and b having a mirror configuration equivalent to one half of a Porro mirror type 2.

For simplification of description, the image 14 such as a print to be viewed is horizontal on the image surface, the image section 14a is on the right,
It is assumed that the image section 14b is placed on the left. The luminous flux emitted from each of the image sections 14a and 14b of the image 14 is the first
Of the first reflecting mirror, which rises along the optical axes 17a, 17b of the image 14 and is inclined above the image sections 14a, 14b in the image 14 by about 90 ° inward with respect to each other and about 45 ° with respect to the optical axes 17a, 17b. Reflected inward by 15a and 15b,
Traveling along the second optical axis 18a, 18b, the optical axis 18a,
18b are provided at an angle of about 45 ° with each other,
Due to the second reflecting mirrors 16a and 16b forming 0 °, the second optical axes 18a and 18b can also be used with respect to the first optical axes 17a and 17b.
b is also reflected at about 90 °, and the third optical axis 13a,
13b, it goes backwards and reaches the viewer's eyes through the respective eyepieces (not shown). When observed from the eyepiece, the stereoscopic image 14c can be seen at the intersection of the extension lines 12a and 12b of the optical axes 13a and 13b.

Here, the image sections 14a and 14b are represented by the stereoscopic image 1
4c will be described. The stereoscopic image 14c can be obtained by adjusting the position of the image 14 while the four reflecting mirrors constituting the viewing optical system are fixed. When the image 14 such as a print is moved in the + y direction,
The ornamental image corresponding to the image section 14a moves in the -y 'direction (downward) and the ornamental image corresponding to the image section 14b is + y'.
Since it moves in the direction (upward), the heights of both the ornamental images can be made equal by adjusting the y direction.

When the print 14 is moved in the + x direction, the ornamental image corresponding to the image section 14a moves in the + x 'direction (right direction) and the ornamental image corresponding to the image section 14b moves in -x (left direction). Therefore, the congestion can be adjusted by adjusting the x direction. The image 14 is fixed, and the positions of the image sections 14a and 14b can be adjusted even if the orientation of the entire viewing device is changed.

When the visual axes 13a and 13b are moved upward,
You can see the inverted stereoscopic image 14d. Main image 14d
Utilization of will be described later. FIG. 23 shows another embodiment of the 2C system viewing device. 22 is basically the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 22 in that the constituent elements of this device are two optical systems a and b having a mirror configuration equivalent to the first half (second half) of the Polo mirror type 2. Does not change. The image 14 such as a print has the image section 14a on the right side and the image section 14a.
It is placed on the ceiling with b on the left. Image section 14
The light beams from a and 14b descend along the optical axes 17a and 17b, respectively, and are directed substantially horizontally outward by the first reflecting mirrors 15a and 15b which are provided outward with a tilt of about 45 ° with respect to the optical axes 17a and 17b. Is reflected at a substantially right angle, and the optical axis 18a,
18b along the optical axis 18a, 18b about 45
The light is reflected rearward by the second reflecting mirrors 16a and 16b that are tilted rearward, travels along the optical axes 13a and 13b, and enters the viewer's pupil through an eyepiece (not shown).

The three-dimensional image 14c can be obtained by adjusting the position of the print 14 while the four reflecting mirrors constituting the optical system are fixed. When the print 14 is moved in the + y direction, the ornamental image corresponding to the image section 14a is −
Since the ornamental image corresponding to the image section 14b moves in the y'direction (downward) and moves in the + y 'direction (upward), the prints can be moved in the left-right direction to match the heights of the two ornamental images.

When the print 14 is moved in the + x direction, the ornamental image corresponding to the image section 14a moves in the -x 'direction (left direction), and the ornamental image corresponding to the image section 14b becomes +.
Since it moves in x '(right direction), it is possible to adjust the visual axis convergence by moving the print in the front-back direction. The print attached to the ceiling can be viewed with the viewing device according to the embodiment shown in FIG. The embodiment shown in FIG. 22 is turned upside down 180 °
It can be viewed by rotating and turning the visual axis toward the stereoscopic image 14d. Moreover, the print on the desk can be viewed with the viewing apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIG. It can be viewed by rotating the embodiment shown in FIG. 23 upside down 180 ° and orienting the visual axis toward the stereoscopic image 14d.

The 2C type viewing device and viewing method described above are for observing subject images lying on their backs with their heads in contact with each other, which are obtained from the embodiment of the photographing device shown in FIG. The following is obtained by the photographing device embodiment shown in FIG. 9, that is, a stereoscopic image photographing device embodiment in which one photographing lens 1 is provided commonly to both optical systems a system and b system,
The viewing device and viewing method for the subject image in which the legs are in contact with each other are described.

A subject image as shown in FIG. 24 in which the legs are in contact with each other and recedes can also be viewed as a stereoscopic image by the embodiment of the viewing device shown in FIG. The leg-adjacent subject image recorded and reproduced by the three-dimensional image photographing shown in FIG. 9 and placed upward is obtained by reversing the viewing device shown in FIG. 23 upside down 180 degrees as shown in FIG. If the image section a side is arranged on the b optical system side of the viewing apparatus and the image section b side is arranged on the a optical system side of the viewing apparatus, the visual axis 12b,
Stereoscopic image 14c in the direction of 13b and visual axes 12a, 13a
Can be recognized.

Also, the leg-adjacent subject image held downward on the ceiling is upside down from the viewing device shown in FIG.
If the image section a side is arranged on the b optical system side of the ornamental apparatus and the image section b side is arranged on the a optical system side of the ornamental apparatus so as to be viewed by inverting it by 0 degrees, the visual axes 12b, 13b and the visual axis are arranged. 12
The stereoscopic image 14c can be recognized in the a and 13a directions. Regardless of which viewing device and viewing method, the viewer sees a stereoscopic image that is upright and that is slightly ahead of the natural downward visual axis, and does not force the viewer.

The reflecting mirror generally used in optical equipment is a surface mirror. The surface mirror is superior in that it is not affected by the glass surface reflection because the incident light flux is directly reflected without passing through the reflection surface supporting layer such as glass. It is susceptible to physical and physical changes, and it requires a surface treatment on the reflective surface, resulting in high manufacturing costs. In the ornamental device of the present invention, since the influence of the surface reflection of the glass is slight, a rear surface mirror which is inexpensive in manufacturing cost and excellent in durability can be used.

The reflectance of the light projected on the surface of the transparent body is
According to Brewster's law, an incident angle at which light whose vibrating surface is parallel to the incident surface depends on the incident angle i of the light, the refractive index n of the transparent body, the vibrating surface of the light, and the like, is derived from the equation tani = n. When incident at i, the reflectance is zero. When glass having a refractive index n of 1.5 is used, i = 56.3 °. In the reflecting mirror configuration of the present invention which repeats 45-degree incidence, the angles of the incident light oscillating surfaces with respect to the respective incident surfaces are orthogonal to each other. You can observe various images.

FIG. 25 shows another embodiment of the 2C viewing device. In the main body of the stereoscopic image device 39, an ornamental device including reflective optical elements similar to the embodiment of the ornamental device shown in FIG. 22, image sections 14a and 14b such as cathode ray tubes or liquid crystal panels for displaying stereoscopic images, and stereoscopic image observation. A window 36, a control unit 37 for controlling image signals, various image devices,
An image signal recording / reproducing device 34, an image signal generator 38, an image reader, etc. are provided according to the purpose. This stereoscopic imaging device 39
Can be used as a television stereoscopic image receiving / reproducing, a video stereoscopic image reproducing, a stereoscopic image game machine, a stereoscopic image CAD (computer-aided design drafting machine), and a stereoscopic CG (computer image) production device.

The P / H type stereoscopic image, that is, the image recorded and reproduced by the stereoscopic image photographing device shown in FIG. 11 is adjusted under various conditions (image size, viewing image) by the Brewster type viewing device (conventional example shown in FIG. 33). If the distance, the diopter of eyes, etc.) match, it can be recognized as a stereoscopic image. When the image size is large (for example, in the case of a panorama size print or the like), the convex lens components of the eyepieces 20a and 20b of the Purster viewing device are rather obstacles. FIG. 26 shows an embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus suitable for a large size image. In the present embodiment, the eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b are provided in which the convex lens component is removed and only the prism component having the deflecting function in the horizontal plane remains, so that the image is viewed at a clear distance.

FIG. 27 shows an embodiment of a P / H type stereoscopic image viewing apparatus capable of responding to changes in viewing distance and changes in image section size by rotating each eyepiece prism. In FIG. 27, the eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b having a wedge-shaped cross section and substantially equal thickness gradients are formed by members (not shown).
Each of them is held in a rotatable state, and gears 47a and 47b are attached and meshed around the prisms 48a and 48b. In the initial state, the eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b are arranged so that the thickness gradient of the cross section thereof is opposite to the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. This state is equivalent to the embodiment of the stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in FIG.

When the eyepiece prism 48a is rotated clockwise by the displacement amount Ra, the eyepiece prism 48b is rotated counterclockwise by the displacement amount Rb via the gears 47a and 47b. In the initial state, they are emitted from the center of the image section (not shown), pass through the points Pa1 and Pb1, and the optical axes 17a and 1
The light ray traveling along 7b passes through the eyepiece prisms 48a, 48b and then travels along the visual axes 13a, 13b to enter the pupil. Displacement amount Ra with eyepieces 48a and 48b,
In the state in which Rb is rotated, points Pa2 and Pb2 are rotated from the points Pa1 and Pb1 by displacement amounts Qa and Qb, respectively.
Light rays passing through the optical axes 18a and 18b pass through the eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b and are incident on the visual axes 13a and 13b and enter the pupil.

The ordinates of the displacement amounts Qa and Qb (Y
(Axis) components YQa and YQb are equal, horizontal axis (X axis) component X
Qa and XQb have the same absolute value but opposite directions. That is, the vertical direction of the visual axis does not relatively change, the convergence changes, and it is possible to cope with the change in the viewing distance or the change in the lateral dimension of the image section. The arrangement of the image sections recorded and reproduced by the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 is reversed right and left. The subject image recorded by the photographing optical system on the right side of the photographer is reproduced in the left image section when seen by the viewer, and the subject image of the left photographing optical system is reproduced in the right image section.

The subject image reproduced right and left is as shown in FIG.
The stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in FIGS. 29 and 30 can recognize a normal stereoscopic image. The embodiment shown in FIG. 25 has eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b having a thickness gradient opposite to that of the embodiment shown in FIG. Light rays emanating from the centers of the image sections 19a and 19b have an optical axis 17a,
Proceed inward along 17b and cross, eyepiece prism 48
The light enters a and 48b, is deflected by the refraction effect, travels along the visual axes 13a and 13b that intersect with each other at a parallel or image-side finite distance, and enters a pupil (not shown).

The distance between the left and right image sections 19a and 19b is about 128 mm for the panorama size print of the photographic system and about 79 mm for the high definition size print. Assuming that the distance between both pupils is 62 mm and viewing is made from a clear vision distance of 250 mm, the deflection angles required for the eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b are about 22 degrees and about 16 degrees, respectively.
If the refractive index of the material of a and 48b is 1.5, the apex angles of the eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b are 33 degrees in each case,
The angle is 27 degrees, which is larger than that of the eyepiece prism of the embodiment of the viewing device shown in FIGS.

Therefore, in the stereoscopic image obtained by the embodiment of the viewing apparatus shown in FIG. 28, the image quality is inevitably deteriorated to some extent due to the influence of various aberrations such as chromatic aberration. The embodiment shown in FIG. 29 is a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus in which the optical axes 17a and 17b are crossed by the reflection and total reflection actions of the eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b. In FIG. 29, image sections 19a and 19b
Of the light emitted from the center of the optical axis travels along the optical axes 17a and 17b, is crossed, and then enters the eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b from the prism surfaces 48a-1 and 48b-1 to be mirror-finished prism surfaces 48a-2 and 48b. -2, is totally reflected again by the prism surfaces 48a-1 and 48b-1, is emitted from the prism surfaces 48a-3 and 48b-3, and enters a pupil (not shown).

By intersecting the optical axes 17a and 17b, a normal stereoscopic image can be viewed. On the other hand, in the case of this embodiment, the optical axes 17a and 17b are about 5 each other.
Since it forms a relatively large angle of 6 degrees, the image sections 19a, 19 can be viewed from the front of each image section.
The angle b is set to a certain angle, in the case of this embodiment, each image segment is bent by about 28 ° so that both image sections form about 124 °.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 29, the cross-sectional shapes of the eyepiece prisms 48a and 48b are 18 degrees, 50 degrees and 11 degrees.
If the angle is 2 degrees, not only the reflection and total reflection effects but also a slight refraction effect are provided, and the crossing angle of the optical axes 17a and 17b is set to 56.
In addition, the bending angle of the image sections 19a and 19b is suppressed to a relatively small value, and at the same time, the distance between the central optical axes 17a and 17b at the distance of clear vision is set to the left and right on the panorama size print. The distance between 19a and 19b is about 128 mm. It goes without saying that high-definition size prints have different dimensional specifications.

The stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in FIG. 30 has an eyepiece prism 48 and a reflecting mirror 15 each having a cross section of a substantially equilateral triangle.
a, 15b. In FIG. 30, the light rays emitted from the centers of the image sections 19a and 19b are the optical axes 17a,
17b, traveling substantially parallel to each other, reflecting mirrors 15a,
15b is reflected inward, and prism surface 48-1,
After entering the eyepiece prism 48 substantially perpendicularly to 48-2 and crossing in the prism 48, the prism surfaces 48-2, 48
The light is totally reflected at -1, exits from the prism 48-3, and enters a pupil (not shown).

Here, the visual axis adjustment, which is indispensable for enabling the stereoscopic image to be recognized using the stereoscopic image viewing apparatus, will be summarized. Basically, the visual axes that gaze at a finite object image need to intersect at a finite distance. In other words, the stereoscopic image viewing apparatus is configured to match the left and right viewing axes 13a and 13b at a finite distance in the horizontal direction (x axis / convergence), and press the same in the same plane for the vertical direction (y axis) (left and right). It is necessary to easily perform (upper and lower image matching).

In the 2P stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in FIG. 12 and the like, the x axis (convergence) does not need to be adjusted at all because the visual axes always intersect at the distance of clear vision. Easy to adjust. This adjustment in the y-axis direction can be performed easily because the amount of perspective adjustment and the amount of vertical movement of the visual axis are in a proportional relationship, and even if the vertical dimension of the reproduced image does not change, the horizontal width of the reproduced image does not change. No need to readjust.

In the 2C stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, the vertical (front-front) movement of the image serves as convergence adjustment, and the lateral movement serves as vertical movement adjustment of the visual axis. The adjustment equivalent to moving the image can be performed only by changing the orientation of the viewing device so as to correspond to the way of moving the image. The P / H stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in FIG.
Contrary to the 2P stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in 2, adjustment in the Y-axis direction is not necessary, and convergence adjustment is performed by image perspective adjustment.
However, since the distance between both pupils is entered as a constant term, the perspective distance and the vergence are not in a proportional relationship, and the perspective adjustment amount has a dull effect on the change in the vergence of the image.

The P / H type stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 does not require adjustment in the Y-axis direction, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 26, and performs convergence adjustment by image perspective adjustment. Also in this case, since the interpupillary distance enters as a constant term, the accommodation and the amount of convergence change are not in a proportional relationship. However, the perspective adjustment amount has a great effect on the convergence change.
The P / H stereoscopic image viewing apparatus shown in FIG. 30 can hardly adjust the congestion by changing the position of the image. In this embodiment, the convergence is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the reflecting mirror 31.

[0149]

As described above, the present stereoscopic image capturing apparatus, the stereoscopic image capturing attachment, and the stereoscopic image viewing apparatus use a commercially available recording medium to capture an image in the same manner as general image capturing. Similar to reproduction, an image reproduced at the same cost can be easily and easily viewed as a stereoscopic image. Photos, movies, tv, videos, video games,
It can be applied to three-dimensionalization of all image media such as CG, CAD, and publishing.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a stereoscopic image pickup attachment according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a stereoscopic image pickup attachment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a stereoscopic image pickup attachment according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a stereoscopic image pickup attachment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a stereoscopic image capturing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the attachment for stereoscopic image capturing of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the first embodiment of the stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the fourth embodiment of the stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a fifth embodiment of the stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a seventh embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic image viewing device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic image viewing device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a tenth embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an 11th embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a twelfth embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a thirteenth embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a fourteenth embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a fifteenth embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a sixteenth embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a seventeenth embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of the eighteenth embodiment of the stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a nineteenth embodiment of a stereoscopic image viewing device of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a conventional example of a stereoscopic photography device.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a conventional example of an attachment for stereoscopic photography.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a conventional example of a stereoscopic photograph viewing device.

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a conventional example of a stereoscopic image viewing apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1a, 1b, 1c Photographic lens 2, 2a, 2b, 2c Screen frame 3a, 3b Image section 4 Film 4a Film container 4b Film winding section 5 Camera body 6 Attachment 7a, 7b 1st reflector 8a, 8b 2nd Reflecting mirrors 9a, 9b Imaging light flux inlet 10 Finder 11 Eyepieces 11a, 11b Eyepiece prisms 12a, 12b Virtual axes 13a, 13b Visual axes 14 Reproduced images 14a, 14b Image partitions 14c, 14d Virtual images 15a, 15b Viewing device First reflecting mirror 16a, 16b Ornamental device Second reflecting mirror 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b Optical axis 19a, 19b Print 19c Print virtual image 20a, 20b Eyepiece 21 Zoom control circuit 22 Distance adjusting circuit 23 Image processing circuit 24 Recording medium 25 Solid-state image sensor 26a, 26b E-lens 27a, 27b Field lens 28a, 28b Second prism 29a, 29b First prism 30a, 30b First auxiliary prism 31a, 31b Second auxiliary prism 32 Light-shielding plate 33 Reproduced image 34 Image signal recording / reproducing device 35 Antenna 36 Observation window 37 Control Unit 38 Image Generator 39 Stereoscopic Image Device 40 Image Reader 41, 42 Flexible Member 43 Transparent Liquid 44 Transparent Member 45, 46 Wedge Prism 45G, 46G Gear 47 Interlocking Gear 48 Eyepiece Prism 48a Eyepiece Prism 48b Eyepiece Prism 48- 1 Surface of Eyepiece Prism 48-2 Surface of Eyepiece Prism 48-3 Surface of Eyepiece Prism A Photographing optical system entrance pupil distance A'Eyepiece interval, or interpupillary distance a ₀ , a ₁ , a ₂ , a ₃ , a ₄ , a ₅ , b ₀ , b ₁ , b
_{2, b 3, b 4,} b 5 optical axis H photographing light beam inlet shift amount Pa ₁ optical axis passing through the point Pa ₂ optical axis passing through the point Pb ₁ optical axis passing through the point Pb ₂ optical axis passing through the point Qa optical axis passing point displacement Qb Optical axis passing point displacement amount R Image curvature radius Ra Prism displacement amount Rb Prism displacement amount x, y Image moving direction x ′, y ′ Image moving direction XQa Optical axis passing point displacement amount XQb Optical axis passing point displacement amount YQa Optical axis Passing point displacement amount YQb Optical axis passing point displacement amount α Eyepiece prism apex angle θ, θ'Optical axis tilt angle

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. Two first reflecting surfaces for reflecting the respective light fluxes incident from the front toward two entrance pupils, which are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the left-right direction, toward each other, and the two first reflecting surfaces. The two light-reflecting surfaces reflected by the two front and back screen frames are divided into two upper and lower image sections, and two second reflecting surfaces that reflect the light beams are arranged vertically, and the two entrance pupils, respectively. A stereoscopic image photographing apparatus, comprising: an image forming optical system for forming each subject image by each light flux incident from the above into each of the image sections. 2. Two first reflecting surfaces for reflecting respective light fluxes incident from the front to two entrance pupils, which are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the left-right direction, toward each other, and these two first reflecting surfaces. The second light beams reflected by the two second image sections, which are formed by dividing the downward or upward screen frame into left and right, and which are arranged side by side.
And a focusing optical system for forming each subject image by each light flux incident from each of the two entrance pupils in each of the image sections. 3. Two first reflecting surfaces for reflecting respective light fluxes incident from the front to two respective entrance pupils which are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the left and right directions toward each other, and the two first reflection surfaces. Two light-reflecting surfaces that reflect each light flux reflected by the surface toward two image sections that are lined up on the left and right and are formed by dividing the front-facing screen frame into left and right parts; and an upper part of the screen frame. And a light-shielding member that covers the lower part, and an image-forming optical system that connects each subject image formed by each light flux incident from each of the two entrance pupils to each image section. 4. A stereoscopic image taking attachment detachably attached to a camera having an image forming optical system for forming a subject image within a predetermined screen frame, the optical axis of the image forming optical system. The two first reflecting surfaces that reflect the respective light fluxes that have entered the two entrance pupils that are separated from each other by a predetermined distance in the left and right directions toward each other from the direction along the, and the two first reflecting surfaces. The reflected light fluxes are vertically arranged so that the screen frame bisects the subject image when the subject image is formed in the screen frame by the camera from which the stereoscopic image pickup attachment is removed. 2 is reflected toward the imaging optical system so that each subject image formed by each light flux is formed in each of the two image sections.
Attachment for stereoscopic image capturing, comprising two second reflecting surfaces. 5. The two entrance pupils are arranged right next to each other, and by deflecting each light beam incident from the two entrance pupils, the upper and lower positions of the two entrance pupils and the two image sections are changed. The stereoscopic image pickup attachment according to claim 4, further comprising a deflection optical system for correcting the difference. 6. An attachment for detaching a stereoscopic image, which is detachably attached to a camera having an imaging optical system for forming an image of a subject within a predetermined screen frame, wherein an optical axis of the imaging optical system. The two first reflecting surfaces that reflect the respective light fluxes that have entered the two entrance pupils that are separated from each other by a predetermined distance from the direction intersecting with each other in the respective directions, and the two first reflecting surfaces. Each of the reflected light fluxes is divided into left and right, and the screen frame divides the subject image into left and right when the subject image is formed in the screen frame by the camera from which the stereoscopic image capturing attachment is removed. 2 is reflected toward the imaging optical system so that each subject image formed by each light flux is formed in each of the two image sections.
Attachment for stereoscopic image capturing, comprising two second reflecting surfaces. 7. A stereoscopic image viewing apparatus which guides respective light beams emitted from two images vertically aligned with each other and vertically aligned with each other and vertically aligned with each other to the left and right eyes, respectively. A stereoscopic image viewing apparatus comprising a prism for deflecting at least one of the light fluxes emitted from an image in the vertical direction so that the light fluxes are emitted in parallel with each other in the vertical direction. 8. The stereoscopic image viewing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the prism is a variable apex angle prism. 9. A stereoscopic image viewing apparatus which guides respective light beams emitted from two vertically aligned images, which are vertically identical to each other and vertically identical to each other, to the left and right eyes, respectively. And a pair of prisms arranged side by side so that the thickness gradients thereof are opposite to each other in the vertical direction in a predetermined rotation adjustment state while being connected to each other in opposite directions. Stereoscopic image viewing device. 10. A stereoscopic image viewing apparatus, which guides light beams emitted from two images, which are vertically opposite to each other and laterally opposite to each other and are arranged side by side, to the left and right eyes, respectively. Two first reflecting surfaces that reflect each light beam in a direction toward each other or away from each other, and each light beam reflected by the first reflection surface to reflect each first light beam from each of the two images. A stereoscopic image viewing apparatus, comprising: two second reflecting surfaces that are emitted in a direction substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of each light beam toward the surface. 11. A stereoscopic image viewing apparatus that guides light beams emitted from two images that are vertically aligned with each other and is horizontally aligned with each other and that are aligned side by side to the left and right eyes, respectively. A stereoscopic image comprising two optical systems, each having at least two reflecting surfaces, arranged so that the light beams emitted from the image intersect each other and then enter the left and right eyes. Ornamental device. 12. A stereoscopic image viewing apparatus which guides light beams emitted from two images, which are vertically aligned with each other and are aligned with each other in the left-right direction and which are arranged side by side, to the left and right eyes, respectively. And a pair of prisms arranged side by side so that the thickness gradients are opposite to each other in the left-right direction in a predetermined rotation adjustment state while being connected to each other about the Stereoscopic image viewing device. 13. The stereoscopic image viewing apparatus according to claim 7, 9 or 12, wherein the prism is a Fresnel prism.