JPH07178604A - Tool material, tool and method of manufacturing tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an inexpensive tool material which can be easily machined and which has a high degree of toughness, by covering a metal material having a high degree of toughness, over its outer peripheral surface with a metal material having a high degree of hardness. CONSTITUTION:A tool material 4a is composed of an inexpensive steel layer 2 having a high degree of toughness and an expensive high speed steel layer 1 having a high degree of hardness and integrally incorporated with the steel layer 2 at the outer periphery of the latter. As a result, the tool material 4a can greatly reduce the use quantity of the expensive high speed steel material so that not only the cost thereof can be reduced, but also the toughness thereof be greatly enhanced. Thus, it can be prevented from being broken even though a bending stress is exerted thereto. Further, the hardness of the steel layer 2 is lower than that of the high speed steel layer 1 so that a cutting process such as a boring process can be greatly facilitated, and accordingly, the cutting time can be greatly shortened while the abrasion of a machining tool made of the tool material 4a can be greatly reduced, thereby it is possible to greatly reduce the frequency of replacement of machining tools.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tool material, a tool and a method for manufacturing the tool.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tools used in machine tools such as lathes, milling machines, broaching machines, hobbing machines and other gear cutting machines,
Since high hardness is required, alloy steel for tools such as high speed tool steel (hereinafter referred to as HSS) and alloy tool steel are often used.

A method of manufacturing a tool material using such a metal material will be described with reference to FIG. High frequency heating and melting furnace 5
The molten metal 31 adjusted to have a predetermined composition ratio by 1 is poured into the tundish 52a of the atomizing device 52, and the nitrogen gas 21 is blown into the nozzle 52b while being fed into the atomizing device 52, and the nitrogen gas 21 is blown into the nozzle 52b. The molten metal 31 poured out from is dispersed and solidified to obtain a granular metal powder 32.

The metal powder 32 accumulated in the atomizing device 52 and collected in the collecting container 53 is filled in the cylindrical container 22 and hermetically sealed and hot isostatic press (hereinafter referred to as HIP) 5
4 is sealed and sealed, the argon gas 23 is fed into the HIP 54, and the heater 54a is operated to pressurize and heat the cylindrical container 22 to sinter the metal powder 32 and obtain a metal block 33.

After the completion of sintering, the cylindrical container 22 taken out from the HIP 54 is cut and removed to expose the metal ingot 33, and the metal ingot 33 is processed into a square bar, a round bar, a disc, etc. by a forging machine 55 or a rolling machine 56. The tool material 34 having various shapes is formed.

By cutting the tool material 34 having various shapes as described above, various tools such as an integral hob 41, a shank type pinion 42, and a bell type pinion 43 as shown in FIGS. It is manufactured.

[0007]

However, the above-mentioned tool material, the tool and the method for manufacturing the tool material have the following problems. Since the tool material 34 uses a metal material having a high hardness such as an alloy steel for tools, the machinability of the tool material 34 is very poor, and not only a great amount of time is required for the machining work. The wear of the tool for processing the tool material 34 is severe,
The tools for machining the tool material 34 must be changed frequently. Since alloy steel for tools has low toughness, tools such as the integral hob 41 and the bell-shaped pinion 43 that do not have a large ratio of overall length to outer diameter are manufactured from the tool material 34, or those manufactured When using a tool such as, there is no particular problem, but a tool such as a round broach or a square broach having a large ratio of the total length to the outer diameter is manufactured or manufactured from the tool material 34. When these tools are used, if a bending load or the like acts on the tool material 34 or these tools, the tool material 34 or these tools may be broken. Not only the tool material 34 is expensive, but also the manufactured tool is very expensive because the tool material 34 using expensive alloy steel for tools is cut and removed by about 50% to manufacture various tools. It is expensive.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the tool material according to the present invention is provided with a metal material having high toughness inside and a metal material having high hardness outside. It will be.

Further, a tool material in which a metal material having high hardness is provided inside and a metal material having high toughness is provided outside may be used.

Further, a tool material in which a metal material having high toughness is provided on the innermost and outermost portions and a metal material having high hardness is provided between the innermost and outermost portions may be used.

On the other hand, the tool according to the present invention comprises a body portion made of a metal material having high toughness, and a blade portion provided on the outer periphery of the body portion and made of a metal material having high hardness. .

Further, a body portion formed of a metal material having a high toughness and having a hollow portion formed therein to communicate with the outside,
A tool material may be provided which is provided on the peripheral wall of the hollow portion of the body portion and includes a blade portion made of a metal material having high hardness.

On the other hand, in the method for manufacturing a tool according to the present invention, after the metal material having high hardness is sintered or hot-expanded to be integrally bonded to the periphery of the metal material having high toughness. The blade is formed on the outside by cutting.

Further, a metal material having a high toughness is sintered or hot-expanded to be integrally bonded to the periphery of the metal material having a high hardness, and then the metal material having a high hardness is cut to form an inner blade. You may form a part.

Further, a metal material having high hardness is provided around a metal material having high toughness, a metal material having high toughness is provided around the metal material, and the metal material is sintered or hot drawn. Then, the blade portion may be formed on the inner side and the body portion may be formed on the outer side by performing a cutting process.

[0016]

In the tool material having the above-mentioned structure, the metal material having high toughness is provided inside and the metal material having high hardness is provided outside, so that the metal material having high hardness used for the tool material is provided. And the toughness of the tool material increases. Furthermore, since a metal material having high toughness is easier to cut than a metal material having high hardness, boring is facilitated.

When a metal material having a high toughness is provided outside and a metal material having a high hardness is provided inside, a metal having a high hardness used for the tool material is used as in the above tool material. As the material decreases, the toughness of the tool material increases. In this case, external cutting work becomes easy.

Further, when a metal material having high toughness is provided at the innermost and outermost portions and a metal material having high hardness is provided between the innermost portion and the outermost portion, the tool material is more than the above tool material. The metal material having high hardness used for the material is further reduced, and not only the toughness of the tool is increased, but also boring and external cutting are facilitated.

On the other hand, in the tool having the above-mentioned structure, since the blade portion made of the metal material having high hardness is provided on the outer periphery of the body portion made of the metal material having high toughness, the high hardness used in the tool is obtained. With the decrease of metal materials having
Tool toughness increases.

Further, even if a blade portion made of a metal material having a high hardness is provided in the hollow portion of the body portion made of a metal material having a high toughness, the same operation as that of the above tool can be obtained.

On the other hand, in the method of manufacturing a tool having the above-mentioned structure, a metal material having high hardness is integrally bonded to the periphery of the metal material having high toughness, and then a blade portion is formed on the outer side, and an inner portion is formed. Since the body portion is formed on the blade, the blade portion is made of a metal material having high hardness, and the body portion is made of a metal material having high toughness.

If a metal material having high toughness is integrally bonded around a metal material having high hardness, a blade portion is formed inside and a body portion is formed outside, the blade portion is formed. Is a metallic material having high hardness, and the body is a metallic material having high toughness.

Further, a metal material having high hardness is provided around the metal material having high toughness, a metal material having high toughness is provided around the metal material, and the metal material having high toughness is integrally bonded, and thereafter, the metal material having high toughness is integrally formed. When the blade portion is formed and the body portion is formed on the outer side, the blade portion is made of a metal material having high hardness, and the body portion is made of a metal material having high toughness.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of a tool material, a tool and a method for manufacturing a tool according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
1 is a cross-sectional view of the tool material, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an integral hob that is an example of the tool, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a shank-shaped pinion that is an example of the tool. , Fig. 4
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a bell-shaped pinion that is an example of the tool, and FIG. 5 is a manufacturing flow chart of the tool.

As shown in FIG. 5, a high frequency heating and melting furnace 51
After the metal material is melt-adjusted to a predetermined composition ratio by means of an atomizing device 52, it is granulated to form a high hardness metal material such as HSS S stipulated in JIS G4403.
KH57 (1.3C-4Cr-3.5Mo-10W-
The metal powder 1a of 3.5V-10Co) is manufactured.

On the other hand, a seamless steel pipe STH-11 (0.4C-1.5) for a high pressure gas container specified in JIS G3429.
(Mn) cylindrical container (outer diameter 200 mm, plate thickness 4 mm, length 1500 mm) 22 in a heat resistant steel rod SUH3 defined in JIS G4311, which is a metal material having high toughness.
A round bar (diameter 125 mm, length 1500 mm) 2a made of (0.4C-2Si-11Cr-1Mo) is inserted coaxially.

The gap between the cylindrical container 22 and the round bar 2a is filled with the metal powder 1a, and the cylindrical container 22 is hermetically sealed to obtain the HIP5.
4, after sintering under the conditions of 1200 ° C. and 1500 atm, the cylindrical container 22 is cut and removed from the outer periphery to 5.5 mm to obtain a cylindrical metal block 3a having an outer diameter of 180 mm. This metal block 3a is rolled into a pair of upper and lower semi-circular grooved rolls 5
By hot rolling at 6, a cylindrical tool material 4a having an outer diameter of 80 mm is manufactured.

That is, in the tool material 4a, as shown in FIG. 1, an inexpensive steel layer 2 having high toughness is integrally provided with an expensive high-speed steel layer 1 having high hardness, so that the tool material 4a is integrally formed. In the case of 4a, not only the amount of expensive high-speed steel used is greatly reduced and the cost is lowered, but also the toughness of the tool material 4a is significantly improved and it is not broken even by bending stress. Further, the hardness of the steel layer 2 (usually HB160-
200) is the hardness of the HSS layer 1 (usually HB: 210-210).
Since it is lower than 250), cutting such as boring becomes very easy, the cutting time is greatly shortened (about 40% reduction in boring), and Wear is also greatly reduced, and the frequency of exchanging tools for machining is greatly reduced.

The tool material 4a as described above is cut and rough-processed, and it is subjected to a heat treatment furnace in a high pressure nitrogen gas atmosphere at 1195.
After quenching at ℃ 3 and tempering at 550 ℃ 3 times,
By polishing finish, the body parts 11a to 13a have high toughness and the blade parts 11b to 13 as shown in FIGS.
Various tools such as an integral hob 11 having a high hardness b, a shank type pinion 12, and a bell type pinion 13 are manufactured.

As a result, the expensive high-speed steel is provided with the blade portion 11b.
The cost of these tools 11 to 13 is greatly reduced, and expensive high speed steel can be effectively used because most of them are used for only ~ 13b and are cut and removed. is there.

Further, even if an attempt is made to manufacture a tool having a large ratio of overall length to outer diameter, such as a round broach, by using the tool material 4a, the steel layer 2 has high toughness as described above. Therefore, the tool material 4a does not break even when subjected to bending stress, and such a tool manufactured from the tool material 4a does not break during use.

Such tools 11 to 13 have blade portions 11a even when compared with conventional tools manufactured using only high speed steel.
There is no difference in the hardness of 13a or the amount of strain deformation during heat treatment, and it can be used in each machine tool without any problem. In addition, the dimensional ratio of the high speed layer 1 and the steel layer 2 of the tool material 4a is the high speed layer 1 and the steel layer 2 of the metal ingot 3a before rolling.
Since it is almost the same as the dimensional ratio with, it is easy to obtain the dimensions of the HSS layer and steel layer of the tool material that match the specifications of the tool.

A second embodiment of the tool material and tool manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. However, the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. 6 is a sectional view of the tool material, and FIG. 7 is a manufacturing flow chart of the tool.

As shown in FIG. 7, a cylinder made of a thick-walled steel pipe having the same material as the round bar 2a (outer diameter 125 m
m, inner diameter 55 mm, length 1500 mm) 2b are inserted coaxially. The metal powder 1 is placed between the cylindrical container 22 and the cylinder 2b so that the metal powder 1a does not enter the cylinder 2b.
Fill a. Hereinafter, a cylindrical tool material 4b having an outer diameter of 80 mm and an inner diameter of 25 mm is manufactured by performing the same operation as in the above-described embodiment, and the tools 11 to 13 are manufactured by processing in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment. Is done.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the tool material 4b is provided with the coaxial hole 9 inside the steel layer 2. Therefore, the tool material 4b is used to form an integrated body similar to the above-mentioned embodiment. If the hob 11 and the bell-shaped pinion 13 are manufactured, not only the same effects as those of the above-described embodiment can be obtained, but also boring processing of the body portions 11b and 13b is further facilitated and the processing time is shortened, The wear of working tools is also reduced considerably.

A third embodiment of the tool material and the tool manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. However, the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. 8 is a sectional view of the tool material, and FIG. 9 is a manufacturing flow chart of the tool.

As shown in FIG. 9, the SU is placed in the cylindrical container 22.
Cylinder made of S304 (plate thickness 0.2 mm, outer diameter 125 mm,
(1500 mm in length) 5 is inserted coaxially. The inside of the cylinder 5 is filled with a metal powder 2c made of the same material as the round bar 2a, and the metal powder 1a is filled between the cylindrical container 22 and the cylinder 5. Hereinafter, a cylindrical tool material 4c having an outer diameter of 80 mm is manufactured by performing the same operation as in the above-described embodiment, and the tools 11 to 13 are manufactured by processing in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment. is there.

That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the tool material 4c comprises a high speed layer 1 of metal powder 1a and a steel layer 2 of metal powder 2c.
Since and are integrally formed via the cylinder 5, not only the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, but also the shape of the cylinder 5 is variously changed so that the high-speed steel layer 1 and the steel layer 2 can be formed. By changing the shape easily, the optimum tool material according to the shape of the tool to be manufactured can be obtained.

A fourth embodiment of the tool material and the manufacturing method of the tool according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
However, the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. 10 is a sectional view of the tool material, and FIG. 11 is a manufacturing flow chart of the tool.

As shown in FIG. 11, a cylinder of the same material as the cylinder 5 (a plate thickness of 0.2 mm, an outer diameter of 50 mm,
(Length 1500 mm) 6 is inserted coaxially, and the cylinder 6 is filled with the metal powder 2c. The cylinder 5 is inserted coaxially into the cylindrical container 22, the metal powder 1a is filled between the cylinder 5 and the cylinder 6, and the metal powder 2c is filled between the cylindrical container 22 and the cylinder 5. Hereinafter, the cylindrical tool material 4d is manufactured by performing the same operation as that of the above-described embodiment.

That is, in the tool material 4d, as shown in FIG. 10, the high-speed steel layer 1 is sandwiched from the inside and the outside by the steel layers 2 through the cylinders 5 and 6, and therefore, as in the above-described embodiment. By processing, for example, even when manufacturing a tool having a blade portion formed inside, such as a ring type pot broach, the same effects as those of the first and third embodiments can be easily obtained. You can get it.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the metal powder 1a is used.
Tool materials 4a to 4d were manufactured by a sintering method using, for example, a round bar made of a heat-resistant steel rod was inserted into a hollow ingot having a cylindrical shape made of high-speed steel, and hot-rolled by These members may be forged. When manufacturing tool materials for tools such as ring-type pot broaches, where the blade is formed inside, a high-speed steel rod is placed inside a cylindrical hollow ingot made of heat-resistant steel. A cylinder may be inserted into the comb, and when the cylinder is inserted, a round bar made of heat-resistant steel may be further inserted into the cylinder, and these members may be forged by hot drawing. Even with such a method, the same effect as that of the above-described embodiment can be obtained.

[0043]

As described above, the tool material according to the present invention,
The following effects can be obtained by the method for manufacturing a tool and a tool material. Since it is a tool material provided with a metal material having a high hardness and a metal material having a high toughness, the machinability is improved and the working time is shortened as compared with a tool material having only a metal material having a high hardness. At the same time, the wear of the tool for machining the tool material is significantly reduced, and the frequency of exchanging the tool for machining the tool material is significantly reduced. Since the toughness of the tool material is high, the tool material does not break due to bending stress even when cutting a tool with a large ratio of overall length to outer diameter (for example, round broach) and is manufactured. The tool does not break due to bending stress. Since a metal material having a high hardness and a high price and a metal material having a high toughness and a low price are used together, the cost of the tool material and the tool is significantly reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of a tool material according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an integral hob that is an embodiment of a tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a shank-shaped pinion that is an embodiment of a tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a bell-shaped pinion that is an embodiment of a tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a manufacturing flow chart of the tool.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of a tool material according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a manufacturing flow chart of the tool.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of a tool material according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a manufacturing flow chart of the tool.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a tool material according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a manufacturing flow chart of the tool.

FIG. 12 is a manufacturing flow diagram of a conventional tool material.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a conventional integral hob.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional shank type pinion.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a conventional bell-shaped pinion.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 HSS layer 1a Metal powder 2 Steel layer 2a Round bar 2b Cylinder 2c Metal powder 3a-3d Metal lump 4a-4d Tool material 5 Cylinder 6 Cylinder 9 Hole part

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A tool material comprising a metallic material having a high toughness provided inside and a metallic material having a high hardness provided outside. 2. A tool material comprising a metal material having high hardness inside and a metal material having high toughness outside. 3. A tool characterized in that a metal material having high toughness is provided on the innermost and outermost portions, and a metal material having high hardness is provided between the innermost and outermost portions. Material. 4. A tool comprising a body portion made of a metal material having high toughness and a blade portion provided on the outer periphery of the body portion and made of a metal material having high hardness. 5. A body part made of a metal material having a high toughness and having a hollow part formed therein, which communicates with the outside, and a metal material provided on a peripheral wall of the hollow part of the body part and having a high hardness. A tool comprising: 6. A blade is formed by sintering or hot expanding a metal material having high hardness to integrally bond the metal material having high toughness to the periphery of the metal material, and then cutting the metal material to the outside. A method for manufacturing a tool, which comprises forming a part and forming a body part inside thereof. 7. A metal material having high toughness is integrally bonded to the periphery of a metal material having high hardness by sintering or hot-expansion processing, and then cutting processing is performed to form an inner blade. A method of manufacturing a tool, which comprises forming a portion and forming a body portion on the outer side. 8. A metal material having high hardness is provided around a metal material having high toughness, a metal material having high toughness is provided around the metal material, and the metal material is sintered or hot-drawn. The method for producing a tool is characterized in that the blade portion is formed on the inner side and the body portion is formed on the outer side by performing a cutting process after they are integrally coupled with each other.